„… collusion between58 Industrielle Beziehungen, Jg.30, Heft 3/2023, 57 – 80employers to restrict competition …” „… buyers of labour (Krueger, 2018).But it does not require employer collusion to prevent a labour market …” „… question of this article is: why are employers able to enforce long workinghours and stressful shift …”

„… employers will prefer to have a smaller number of workers employed for a longer amountof time per …” „… , induction, training etc). Employers will thus offer jobs forlonger hours and, if this is all that is offered …” „… proposal for protecting low income workers frommonopsony and collusion. In The Hamilton Project Policy …”

„… IntroductionAcross many sectors of the economy, digitization has become increasinglyimportant and many firms employ …” „… ., they employ automated pricing methods.These pricing algorithms mostly apply data about the prices …” „… way as firmsthat have entered into a cartel agreement. In both cases, “algorithmic collu‐sion” and …”

„… B./Ashenfelter Orley: Theory and Evidence on Employer Collusion in the Franchise Sector, NBER, Working Paper …” „… : https://www.acm.nl/en/publications/acm-suspends-investigation-possible-wage-fixing-cartel-between-supermarkets-after-conclusion-collective-agreement (zitiert als: ACM, PM v. 26.11.2021)ACM: ACM warns employers: non-hiring arrangements are …” „… : https://www.acm.nl/en/publications/acm-warns-employers-non-hiring-arrangements-are-prohibited (zitiert als: ACM, PM v. 16.02.2022)ACM: Guidelines regarding collaborations between competitors …”

„… , 2019, S. 220–246. 10 Vgl. etwa OECD, Roundtable on Algorithms and Collusion, OECD: Paris, 2017 …” „… ; Bernhardt/Dewenter, Collusion by Code or Algorithmic Collusion? When Pricing Algorithms Take Over, European …” „… Wettbewerb (WuW), 66, 2016, S. 572–580. 17 Vgl. Schwalbe, Algorithms, Machine Learning, and Collusion …”

„… to the jurisdiction of the Commission,(1) To use or employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud …” „… use or employ, in connection with the purchase or sale of electric energy or the purchase or sale of …” „… ) To employ any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud,(b) To make any untrue statement of a material …”