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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Gilles Cuniberti Article 11 Meaning of default S. 1378

„… remedies with respect the relevant space object. Article 11 Meaning of default 1. The debtor and the …” „… creditor may at any time agree in writing as to the events that constitute a default or otherwise give rise …” „… have not so agreed, “default” for the purposes of Articles 8 to 10 and 13 means a default which …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 34 Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security S. 1396

„… priority of competing assignments. Article 34 Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security …” „… In the event of default by the assignor under the assignment of associated rights and the related …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.7 (Price determination) S. 579-581

„… shall be treated as a substitute. A. Part of a System of Default Rules Like Art. 5.1.6 (on quality …” „… ), Art. 5.1.7 is part of a number of default rules which support the underlying principle of favor …” „… clause on price determination (paras. 2-4). B. General Default Rule (Para. 1) Para. 1 – described by …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.4 (Content of notice) S. 710-712

„… which set-off is exercised’), which might be referred to as the “passive claim”. While the default rule …” „… other party against which set-off is being declared is to be converted; otherwise default rules …” „… default rules under the UNIDROIT Principles step in. The Default Rule for Missing Specifications in Case …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 10 Remedies of conditional seller or lessor S. 1375-1377

„… after default as provided in Article 11, the chargee and all the interested persons may agree that …” „… after default as provided in Article 11 and before sale of the charged object or the making of an order …” „… under Article 8(2). Where, after such default, the payment of the amount secured is made in full by an …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.6 (Place of performance) S. 604-605

„… obligations of restitution),9 it is helpful that the UNIDROIT Principles provide clarity by a default rule.10 …” „… Eckart J. Brödermann 3 1 tries,12 but distinct from the default solutions in various other civil law …” „… countries.13 The mere existence of a default rule in the UNIDROIT Principles contributes to expectation …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.12 (Imputation of payments) S. 612-614

„… B. Limits The default rule in Art. 6.1.10 does not apply to the currency for damages (→ Art …” „… obligations. Each Party Bears its Own Costs as a Default Rule Unless otherwise agreed (Arts. 1.1, 1.3, 1.5 …” „… ,5 and the default rule.6 It also applies to partial payment7 (Art. 6.1.3), but not to imputation in …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 9 Vesting of object in satisfaction; redemption S. 1375

„… after default as provided in Article 11, the chargee and all the interested persons may agree that …” „… after default as provided in Article 11 and before sale of the charged object or the making of an order …” „… under Article 8(2). Where, after such default, the payment of the amount secured is made in full by an …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.2 (Performance at one time or in instalments) S. 598

„… under Art. 7.1.5?).20 C. A Reasonableness-Test as Default Rule If the contract is silent on timing21 or …” „… ) provides for a reasonable test as a default rule which firstly appears adequate for international business …” „… for a right to ‘immediate’ performance as a default rule.23 The reasonable period refers to the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.7 (Payment by cheque or other instrument) S. 606-607

„… sense to regulate this point explicitly (in the absence of a default rule), either by a provision on …” „… Eckart J. Brödermann 4 1 Art. 6.1.6(1)(a) with some core default rules of payment, bringing clarity to …” „… ” at the place of payment,7 i.e. the obligee’s place of business under the default rule in Art. 6.1.6(a …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 29 S. 961-962

„… default on his part as, in accordance with the law of the court or tribunal seized of the case, is …” „… default is committed by the agents or servants of the carrier or by any other persons of whose services he …” „… the CMR’s regime of limitation of liability. The Convention further stipulates that a level of default …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 30 Effects of insolvency S. 1391-1394

„… the time specified in paragraph 2, it has cured all defaults other than a default constituted by 12 …” „… under the agreement. A second waiting period shall not apply in respect of a default in the performance …” „… cured all defaults and agreed to perform all future obligations under the agreement.16 The competent …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 8 Remedies of chargee S. 1374

„… be characterized as a contractual or property one. Chapter III Default remedies Article 8 Remedies of …” „… chargee 1. In the event of default as provided in Article 11, the chargee may, to the extent that the …” „… Art 29. 9 Off. Comm. Aviation, no 2.71. Art. 8 Cape Town Convention Chapter III Default remedies …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.2 (Presumption of joint and several obligations) S. 789

„… the circumstances indicate otherwise. A. A Default Rule Art. 11.1.2 provides a default rule1 (which …” „… (some) legal systems which otherwise provide for the concept of separate obligations as the default rule …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 14 Procedural requirements S. 1381

„… requires that the creditor adduces evidence of default. At an early stage of the drafting process, it was …” „… proposed that the standard of proof be “prima facie evidence of default”, but the proposal was ultimately …” „… to adduce “sufficient evidence” of default.11 As the parties have the power to vary the regime of Art …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.6 (Determination of quality of performance) S. 577-578

„… in the circumstances. A. A System of Default Rules Art. 5.1.6 is part of a system of default rules …” „… (Preamble, para. 1) and in the spirit of Art. 1.7 (‘good faith and fair dealing’),2 the default rule in Art …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.14 (Application for public permission) S. 615-616

„… permission shall take the necessary measures. A. A Default System to Cope with Public Permission Public …” „… system of default rules coping with the most important questions: Who must apply for the permission (Art …” „… , 4.3-4.8; 5.1.1-5.1.211) whereby, for example, the default rule on the place of performance in Art. 6.1.6(1 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction S. 784-785

„… default rule (for joint and several liability); it applies if the parties are mute on the characterisation …” „… th hyphen), section 11.2 provides three options and no default rule (due to completely different …” „… expectations of common and civil law trained lawyers on what should be the default rule, → Art. 11.2.1 no. 1 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.1 (Time of performance) S. 596-597

„… . 3).1 They supply a sound set of rules (often default rules) which become important (e.g. ‘must’ in Art …” „… the national default rules to which the user of the UNIDROIT Principles is accustomed by its own …” „… helpful to have such joint default rules based on international compromise. The rules are all subject to …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.5 (Earlier performance) S. 602-603

„… perfoms, i.e. usually pays). Para. 2 thereby provides also the more specific default rule for the time of …” „… time period for performance, the default rules in Arts. 6.1.1(c) and 6.1.4(2) interact13 (absent a …” „… compared to the default rule in Art. 6.1.5; Arts. 1.1, 1.3, 1.5). Subject to contract, under Art. 6.1.5 the …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 33 Debtor’s duty to assignee S. 1396

„… priority of competing assignments. Article 34 Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security …” „… In the event of default by the assignor under the assignment of associated rights and the related …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 35 Priority of competing assignments S. 1396

„… priority of competing assignments. Article 34 Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security …” „… In the event of default by the assignor under the assignment of associated rights and the related …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.5 (Determination of kind of duty involved) S. 577

„… in the circumstances. A. A System of Default Rules Art. 5.1.6 is part of a system of default rules …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.3.2 (Effect of conditions) S. 592

„… fulfilment of a resolutive condition. A. A System of Default Rules Inspired by an international trend in …” „… default rules, based on nonretroactivity,3 which can be amended by contract (‘Unless the parties otherwise …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.11 (Costs of performance) S. 612

„… B. Limits The default rule in Art. 6.1.10 does not apply to the currency for damages (→ Art …” „… obligations. Each Party Bears its Own Costs as a Default Rule Unless otherwise agreed (Arts. 1.1, 1.3, 1.5 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.10 (Currency not expressed) S. 611

„… the currency of the place where payment is to be made. A. Currancy of Place of Payment as a Default …” „… contract negotiations (Art. 4.3(a)). Otherweise, Art. 6.1.10 provides a clarifying default rule in favour …” „… the defaulting obligor by choosing the better exchange rate for the obligee (i.e. the exchange rate at …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.9 (Apportionment among joint and several obligors) S. 802

„… default by one of the co-obligors (Art. 11.1.13). B. A Default Rule The obligors (Art. 1.11 4th hyphen …”

Marco Torsello Article 31 CISG S. 163-174

„… CISG operates as a series of default rules applicable in the absence of a different agreement between …” „… determining the rule applicable by default in the absence of a different agreement between the parties, in the …” „… , are the issues of the place (and time) of delivery governed by the default rules of the CISG. In most …”

Marco Torsello Article 30 CISG S. 156-162

„… agreement between the parties,3 whereas the purpose of the default rules set forth in Sections I and II …” „… contract be supplemented by the default rules 1 See, F. Enderlein and D. Maskow, International Sales Law …” „… parties supplant the CISG’s default rules.19 It should be noted, however, that according to some court …”

Peter Mankowski Article 8 CISG S. 42-46

„… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 III. Default rule (2 …” „… III. Default rule (2) If (1) is not applicable, (2) establishes that statements made by and other …” „… same kind as the other party would have had in the same circumstances. Systematically this is a default …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.2.5 (Discharge of original obligor) S. 745-746

„… . Default Rule in Para. 3 Absent a declaration on the exercise of either of the options under para. 1 and 2 …” „… , the default rule6 in para. 3 provides for joint and several liability7 of the original and the new …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.6 (Suspension by arbitral proceedings) S. 775-776

„… which provides the necessary adaptations2 and a default rule for the determination of the commencement …” „… sentence 2 provides a generous suspension supporting fiction as a default rule.7 The arbitration is ‘deemed …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 17 CISG S. 79-80

„… .4 Mere enquiries or suggestion of modifications simply reflective of default rules may not be …” „… reflecting the underlying default law (discussed at → Art. 19 CISG para. 6) or immaterial modifications …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.3.1 (Types of condition) S. 590-591

„… default principles1 with a specific terminology for an area of international contracting which regularly …” „… Introduction to Section 5.3 of the PICC, no. 2 (‘clear and simple default regime’). 2 Vogenauer/Rowan …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 13 Relief pending final determination S. 1379-1380

„… 55, a Contracting State shall ensure that a creditor who adduces evidence of default by the debtor …” „… . Art. 13 Cape Town Convention Chapter III Default remedies 1380 Gilles Cuniberti 1 2 3 4 5 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.8 (Supplying an omitted term) S. 569-570

„… A. A Default Rule to a Missing or to an extreme Equal Language Clause In bilingual contracts …” „… authoritative versions)3 Art. 4.7 provides a soft default rule (‘a preference’)4 which permits exceptions under …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… (“UNIDROIT Principles” or “PICC”) when first confronting the question whether to default to their choice, or …” „… default rules on quality (Art. 5.1.6), price (Art. 5.1.7), time (Art. 6.1.1), order and place of …” „… obligor (Art. 11.1.4) or a default rule regarding possible limitation of liability towards third party …”

Marco Torsello Article 32 CISG S. 175-180

„… default rule, with the place of dispatch of the product by the seller to the first carrier, typically in …” „… the seller1 and, not unlike Articles 30 and 31, it operates as a default rule, which applies only to …” „… duties regarding the appropriateness of transportation arrangements, to the effect that the default rule …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.1 (Definitions) S. 786-788

„… usually agreed in the contract, the default rule for the obligors being to be “bound in equal shares”.26 …” „… ) Study L – Misc. 27, paras.126-133 (finding that such an explicit default rule would be unnecessary …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.6 (Effect of release or settlement) S. 795-797

„… joint and several co-obligors (Art. 11.1.1(a)) as a default rule3 if the obligee releases one of several …” „… co-obligor, it bears the burden of proof that the default rule does not apply and “circumstances indicate …”

Raimond Emde Article 18 S. 1296-1298

„… ) where the principal has terminated the agency contract because of default attributable to the commercial …” „… . The English language version distinguishes between culpable behavior (“attributable default”) and …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.14 (Contract with terms deliberately left open) S. 512-514

„… of the default rule in the UNIDROIT Principles27 (e.g. by changing the reference point for a price …” „… period for which the price has been fixed;28 or by changing the default reference point for the time of …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 41 S. 984-986

„… excludes any divergent national regulation.32 Consequently, further default interest cannot be demanded …” „… . Other costs arising out of the carrier’s payment default are not covered thereby. Consequently, the …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 14 CISG S. 58-69

„… provides a default mechanism inserting a reasonable price in absence of agreement on price or means of …” „… determining price.20 Arguably, Article 55 may also step in as the default position where an agreed …” „… circumstances.34 However, like price, default rules within the CISG will often fill such gaps in the absence of …”

Marco Torsello Article 33 CISG S. 181-185

„… delivery to be “effected in 1993-1994”.18 In these and other similar circumstances, the general default …” „… doesn’t apply, since the agreement of the parties operates so as to derogate the default rule of the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.13 (Imputation of non-monetary obligations) S. 615

„… permission shall take the necessary measures. A. A Default System to Cope with Public Permission Public …”

Peter Mankowski Article 9 S. 435

„… on accruing is to be found. Structurally it serves a default rule for those instances in which the …”

Peter Mankowski Article 16 S. 442

„… of Art. 1 (3) (e)3 also applies under Art. 14,4 and Art. 15 is only a default rule subsidiary to Art …”

Peter Mankowski Article 17 S. 442

„… of Art. 1 (3) (e)3 also applies under Art. 14,4 and Art. 15 is only a default rule subsidiary to Art …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.8 (Obligor’s additional costs) S. 726

„… place of performance in deviation of the default rule in Art. 6.1.6(1)(b) or as a result of a partial …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 12 Additional remedies S. 1379

„… 55, a Contracting State shall ensure that a creditor who adduces evidence of default by the debtor …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.10 (Interest on damages) S. 693

„… . Application Acccording to this default rule (‘Unless otherwise agreed’), interest accrues ‘as from the time of …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 38 Liability in respect of rail-sea traffic S. 1168

„… 23: a) fire, if the carrier proves that it was not caused by his act or default, or that of the …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… Convention 6, 7 1 – default (defined) Cape Town Convention 11 1 et sseq. – insolvency Cape Town Convention …” „… 7.1.4 Currency of payment – applicable exchange rate UNIDROIT 6.1.9 2 – general default rules UNIDROIT …” „… of performance (default rule) UNIDROIT 6.1.4 – partial performance UNIDROIT 6.1.3 – place of …”

Peter Mankowski Article 14 S. 440

„… for a similar regulation. Art. 14 (2) comes into operation only by default if neither the arbitration …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.8 (Payment by funds transfer) S. 608

„… obligor does not default as long as its paying agent later honours the payment order (e.g. the cheque),19 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.15 (Procedure in applying for permission) S. 617

„… (iv) application of the self-explanatory default rules in lit. (a) and (b).16 The other party may …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.16 (Permission neither granted nor refused) S. 618

„… ‘reasonable time from the conclusion of the contract’ (which is in line with the default system of the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.1 (Manner of formation) S. 499-500

„… detail. As a defult rule, para. 3 refers to the time zone of the party setting the time as the default …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.3.1 (Contracts infringing mandatory rules) S. 558-559

„… and 3 provide default rules. International or transnational mandatory rules may rigorously prohibit …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.3.3 (Interference with conditions) S. 593-594

„… ‘Unless …’; Art. 5.3.2 provides default rules;12 (ii) effect for the future (non-retroactivity), which was …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.6 (Defences and rights of set-off) S. 757-758

„… ) because para. 3 provides a default rule.11 C. Advance Discharge In case of an advance consent (Art. 9.3.4 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.7 (Alternative dispute resolution) S. 777-778

„… of ‘commencement’, the default rule in Art. 10.6(1) sentence 2 applies.10 (ii) Absent an ADR …”

Peter Mankowski Article 5 S. 431-432

„… conditional sale or similar arrangement designed to permit the seizure of property on default of payment.9 …”

Peter Mankowski Article 10 S. 435-436

„… on accruing is to be found. Structurally it serves a default rule for those instances in which the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.2.1 (Contract to be observed) S. 620-621

„… , para. 2) an innovative4 general (default) concept (which may be subject to more specific contractual …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.2 (Interference by the other party) S. 628-629

„… (→ Art. 7.1.2); (iii) there is no general need to put the other party ‘in default’ (mise en demeure …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.14 (Rights related to the right assigned) S. 738-739

„… default clause, Art. 9.1.14 describes to what extent an assignment agreement governed by the UNIDROIT …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.9 (Currency of payment) S. 609-610

„… , regulating any further details on currency issues. Arts. 6.1.9-6.1.10 provide helpful default principles …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.5 (Additional period for performance) S. 635-636

„… the obligee is not obliged13 to give it (there is no need to put the obligor ‘in default’ as under …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.11 (Rights of the obligee) S. 806-807

„… default rule in Art. 11.1.9. The extent of the contributory claim under Art. 11.1.10 determines the extent …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.2 (Effects of joint and several claims) S. 818-819

„… liability as the default rule in case of doubt). 57 Vogenauer/Meier Art. 11.2.1 no. 1; see further no. 6 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.4 (Allocation between joint and several obligees) S. 825-827

„… apportionment entirely to contractual agreements,1 the UNIDROIT Principles provide for a helpful default rule …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 32 S. 972-973

„… shall be one year. Nevertheless, in the case of wilful misconduct, or such default as in accordance with …”

Peter Mankowski Article 4 CISG S. 28-30

„… detailed and leave little space for the default rules of the CISG to intervene.33 Article 4 CISG This …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.10 (Extent of contributory claim) S. 803-805

„… that case Art. 11.1.10 provides a default rule.4 As the undertaking towards the obligee is made (a) in …”

Article 29 Additional national provisions S. 1065-1067

„… be the best approach. Therefore, as a default scenario, the law of the state where the scheduled …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.1 (Intention of the parties) S. 561-563

„… ). D. Step 2 in case of Default: Interpretation under an Individualised and Contextualised ‘Reasonable …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.2 (Foreign currency set-off) S. 706-708

„… , under Art. 6.1.9(1)] choose between euros and Swiss francs.”14 (ii) Default rule. “In the absence of any …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

Petra Butler Article 58 CISG S. 285-287

„… , Article 57(1)(a) is applicable and provides for the seller’s place of business as the default place of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.4 (Availability of defences and rights of set-off) S. 791-793

„… default rule in § 139 German Civil Code ‘BGB’; e.g. see for the case of avoidance Staudinger/Looschelders …”

Peter Mankowski Article 9 CISG S. 47-50

„… questions in particular of contract formation, the CISG steps in as some kind of default rule being at least …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 31 S. 968-971

„… after trial, judgements by default and settlements confirmed by an order of the court, but shall 47 OGH …”

Stefan Kröll Article 7 Issuing Bank Undertaking S. 1436-1439

„… bears the risk that the applicant will default on its reimbursement obligation. Consequently, to promote …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 18 CISG S. 81-92

„… offeror’s place of business should be the default time zone utilized absent contrary indication, as …” „… silence would be a more efficient default rule, see Avery Katz, ’The Strategic Structure of Offer and …”

Peter Mankowski Article 6 CISG S. 33-36

„… mere default rule. Conversely: Whenever the requirements of its scope of application it applies it will …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.9 (Interest for failure to pay money) S. 689-692

„… UNIDROIT Eckart J. Brödermann 691 3 C. Interest Rate The default rule in para. 2 determines an interest …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.1 (Definitions) S. 813-817

„… panel, additional language will be necessary to avoid the application of any default institutional rule …”

Stefan Kröll Article 14 Standard for Examination of Documents S. 1451-1455

„… ) determines a default period of 21 calendar days after shipment for presentation of original transport …”

Peter Mankowski Article 7 CISG S. 37-41

„… ) must be recognised as a ‘default rule of second degree’. Firstly, the parties are entitled to contract …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.3 (Availability of defences against joint and several obligees) S. 820-824

„… is submitted that ‘appropriate adaptations’ (para. 2) to Art. 11.1.6 (which is a default rule …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 71 CISG S. 319-326

„… , as well as less drastic impediments to the debtor’s ability to perform.22 Whether a default on single …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 78 CISG S. 360-366

„… without the creditor’s help. Accordingly, the creditor need not issue a demand or default note.23 If a …”

Peter Mankowski Introduction S. 1-8

„… promoted as the supplementary default rules of choice.20 15 With the possible exception of the 1958 New …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 2 Definitions S. 1311-1320

„… default interest. In the context of the ongoing review of those Regulations, it should be ensured that the …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… default rule of Art. 59 CISG, so that the provision of a commercial invoice becomes a prerequisite for the …” „… under CISG and under EXW. If CISG is applicable, the default rule under CISG is Art. 69 CISG in …” „… seller must provide the buyer with a customary proof of delivery. As under the default rule of A3/B3, the …”

Petra Butler Introduction to Articles 45–65 CISG S. 232-237

„… defaulting party additional time to fulfil their respective contractual obligation before the other party can …”

Petra Butler Article 50 CISG S. 262-268

„… Time to Defaulting Party and of Reduction of Price Fair and Efficient Ones?’ (2003) 28 NC J Int’l L …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.1 (Right to terminate the contract) S. 656-661

„… consider possible disproportionate losses of the defaulting obligor as a result of the preparation of (and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

Prinz Nikolaus von und zu Liechtenstein, Mario Monti, Bo Vesterdorf, Jay Westbrook, Luzius Wildhaber - Economic Law and Justice in Times of Globalisation | Wirtschaftsrecht und Justiz in Zeiten der Globalisierung

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Prinz Nikolaus von und zu Liechtenstein (ed.), Mario Monti (ed.), Bo Vesterdorf (ed.), Jay Westbrook (ed.), Luzius Wildhaber (ed.)

Economic Law and Justice in Times of Globalisation | Wirtschaftsrecht und Justiz in Zeiten der Globalisierung

2007

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Jay Lawrence Westbrook National Regulation of Multinational Default S. 777-792

„… 777 JAY LAWRENCE WESTBROOK1 National Regulation of Multinational Default Jay Lawrence Westbrook …” „… National Regulation of Multinational Default I. Introduction 777 II. Background 778 III. A Solitary Nonmain …” „… of general defaults in a market economy that increasingly disregards national borders. Insolvency is …”

Hans Petter Graver The Harmonisation of National Administrative Law S. 377-392

„… intent, but by default. Although a universal policy within the field is lacking, the result may be seen …” „… policy by default and not by positive intent. The requirements stem from three different sources in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-22

„… Regulation of Multinational Default 777 IV. Globalisation and Regionalisation Fürstlicher Rat Hans Brunhart …”

Eleanor Sharpston An impressive level of scrutiny: Appearing before the EFTA Court in two early cases S. 243-252

„… resulting text. In default of knowing any better, we proceeded as though these were ‹ordinary› written …”

Barry E. Hawk Conduct Element in Abuse of Dominant Position S. 393-404

„… included. The default test under any abuse statute like Article 82 must be effects-based and include …”

Vassilios Skouris The Recovery of Unlawful State Aid from Successor Companies. Reflections on the Recent Case Law of the European Court of Justice S. 615-626

„… appropriate with default interest, has been repaid by the recipient7 or, in other words, by the undertakings …”

Christa Tobler Going Global in Sex Equality Law The Case of Gender Representation Rules for Company Boards S. 891-916

„… , available at http://www.eftacourt.lu/default.asp?layout=article&id=252 (last visited on 31 January 2007 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204918

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Florian Manz

Non-Performing Loans

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Betriebswirtschaftslehre

Volume 7 2019

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References S. 139-150

„… , F. (2016). Loan originations and defaults in the mortgage crisis: The role of the middle class …” „… ). Credit default swaps around the world: Investment and financing effects. Working Paper. Available at SSRN …” „… References 140 Bolton, P., & Oehmke, M. (2011). Credit default swaps and the empty creditor problem. Review …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… – Default – Divestiture Florian Manz Nomos Nomos Universitätsschriften Betriebswirtschaftslehre Volume 7 …” „… BUT_Manz_6506-5.indd 2 27.11.19 14:52 Florian Manz Non-Performing Loans Determinants – Default …” „… Determinants – Default – Divestiture Florian Manz 150 pp. Includes bibliographic references. ISBN …”

4 How does CDS trading impact the stock market reaction to banks’ distressed asset sales? S. 100-115

„… refers to a loan in arrears of at least 90 days, having already defaulted or being close to default (e.g …” „… , conditional on whether credit default swaps (CDS) are traded on the vendor bank’s debt or not. Using a sample …” „… ’ exposure to risky assets by engaging into credit derivatives. The most popular form are credit default …”

2 Determinants of non-performing loans: What do we know? S. 26-68

„… that is in arrears at least 90 days, having already defaulted or being close to default (e.g …” „… in NPL that originated from a sharp increase in mortgage loan defaults in the U.S. (Nkusu, 2011 …” „… loans are loans that are subject to special supervision by the bank, i.e. a default is not directly …”

6 Concluding remarks S. 124-128

„… Concluding remarks This dissertation presents four studies on Determinants, Default and Divestiture …” „… remarks This dissertation presents four studies on Determinants, Default and Divestiture of nonperforming …”

5 Do NPL portfolio sales help reduce banks’ financing costs? S. 116-123

„… spread changes of credit default swaps (CDS) around NPL divestiture activity. CDS spreads are a direct …” „… measure of a bank’s creditworthiness and default probability. Tightening of CDS spreads around NPL sales …”

1 General Introduction S. 19-25

„… hand. Financing cost implications may be inspected using spread changes of credit default swaps (CDS …” „… studies This dissertation presents four stand-alone research papers on Determinants, Default and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748905929

Bertrand P. Wägenbaur - Court of Justice of the EU

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Bertrand P. Wägenbaur

Court of Justice of the EU

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2013

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Judgments by default S. 499-502

„… order.CHAPTER 8JUDGMENTS BY DEFAULTArticle 152 Judgments by default1. If a defendant on whom an application …” „… the timelimit prescribed, the applicant may apply to the Court for judgment by default.2. The …” „… application for judgment by default shall be served on the defendant.The Court may decide to open the oral …”

[Judgment by default] S. 193-195

„… form of order sought byone of the main parties608.Article 41 [Judgment by default]Where the defending …” „… itbeing notified. The objection shall not have the effect of staying enforcement ofthe judgment by default …” „… default does not exist in the context of areferral for preliminary ruling, see Case 69/85, Wu¨nsche v …”

[Conditions] S. 937-942

„… a judgment by default.The application to set aside the judgment must be made within one monthfrom …” „… judgment by default.Outline:I. Introduction …” „… Justice.This provision is equivalent to Art. 121.CHAPTER 5JUDGMENTS BY DEFAULT AND APPLICATIONS TO SET THEM …”

d S. 937

„… a judgment by default.The application to set aside the judgment must be made within one monthfrom …” „… judgment by default.Outline:I. Introduction …” „… Justice.This provision is equivalent to Art. 121.CHAPTER 5JUDGMENTS BY DEFAULT AND APPLICATIONS TO SET THEM …”

c S. 936-937

„… made to set aside a judgment by default.The application to set aside the judgment must be made within …” „… the original of the judgment by default.Outline:I. Introduction …” „… decision by the Court of Justice.This provision is equivalent to Art. 121.CHAPTER 5JUDGMENTS BY DEFAULT AND …”

Preliminary objections and issues S. 496-499

„… thesedecisions is handed down by way of an order.CHAPTER 8JUDGMENTS BY DEFAULTArticle 152 Judgments by default1 …” „… Court for judgment by default.2. The application for judgment by default shall be served on the …” „… judgment by default the Court shall, after hearing theAdvocate General, consider whether the application …”

Application to set aside S. 506-508

„… the original of the judgment by default.I. Rights of defence (paragraph 1)1 This provision is the …” „… set aside ajudgment delivered by default.2. The application to set aside the judgment must be made …” „… thejudgment by default. A note of the judgment on the application to set aside shallbe made in the margin of …”

Index S. 980-997

„… . seeIntervention– Judge RP ECJ 2 et seq.– Judgments and orders RP ECJ 86et seq.– Judgments by default RP ECJ 152 …” „… jurisdiction see Staying proceedings– Decision RP GC 80– General Court RP GC 77Default see Judgment by default …” „… – IP cases RP GC 134 6Default– Judgment Stat 41 1 et seq.– Judgments by default RP ECJ 152Defence …”

[Intervention] S. 960-963

„… applicant discontinue theproceedings.4. In derogation from Article 122, the default procedure shall not …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5IV. Restriction of default procedure (paragraph 4 …” „… has the status of the defendant2210.IV. Restriction of default procedure (paragraph 4)6This rule is …”

[Third party proceedings] S. 195-196

„… 08:13:233B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm2. Objection6 A judgment by default is not definitive in …” „… default, as is the case of all other EU legal remedies. That said, if thedefendant is an institution it …”

Service of the appeal S. 542-543

„… default judgment.During appeals, the defendant may exercise his discretion concerning whether hehands in a …” „… response, as the appellant may not file for a default judgment.III. Time-limit3 The time limit for lodging …”

Parties authorised to lodge a response S. 543-544

„… risks a default judgment.During appeals, the defendant may exercise his discretion concerning whether …” „… hehands in a response, as the appellant may not file for a default judgment.III. Time-limit3 The time …”

[Intervention] S. 181-193

„… the main parties608.Article 41 [Judgment by default]Where the defending party, after having been duly …” „… shall not have the effect of staying enforcement ofthe judgment by default unless the Court of Justice …” „… default does not exist in the context of areferral for preliminary ruling, see Case 69/85, Wu¨nsche v …”

[Provisions applicable to the GC] S. 222-223

„… intervener may not alter the subject-matter of the case.766 Which governs the judgment by default.Statute of …”

Failure to adjudicate S. 505-506

„… of the Statute to set aside ajudgment delivered by default.2. The application to set aside the …”

Other provisions applicable to appeals S. 558-560

„… rules governing the default judgments arealso not applicable899.III. Specific time-limit for interveners …”

Language of a case S. 312-314

„… be recovered, applicationsto set aside judgments by default, third-party proceedings and applications …”

Costs in the event of discontinuance or withdrawal S. 479-481

„… the parties find anagreement on costs.IV. Absence of claims (paragraph 4)5This is a default rule …”

[Register] S. 608-610

„… by default, “REV” (“re´vision”) for revision of a Judgment, “TO”(“tierce opposition”) for third-party …”

[Third-party proceedings] S. 942-945

„… procedures are no exception to this rule. As in the case of anappeal against a judgment by default2128 …”

Determination of the language of a case S. 314-317

„… judgments by default, third-party proceedings and applications forinterpretation or revision of a judgment …”

[Statement of defence, reply and rejoinder] S. 963-966

„… within the relevanttime-limit excludes a default procedure even if the defendant did not submit …”

[Referring an action and staying proceedings] S. 223-227

„… the case.766 Which governs the judgment by default.Statute of the Court of Justice of the EUStat Art …”

[Defaulting witnesses] S. 168

„… 27 [Defaulting witnesses]With respect to defaulting witnesses the Court of Justice shall have the …” „… notentail any formal sanction, any defaulting witness may, depending on the relevantlegislation of his …”

[Appeal] S. 228-235

„… pursuant to a givenArt. of primary law787. Judgements by default, by third opposition, by revision788,and …”

[Recoverable costs] S. 809-830

„… application1206. In the event of a default judgment, only the procedureconcerning the written observations as …” „… proceedings preceding an application to set aside a judgment by default1306, which makes them familiar with …”

[Taxation] S. 830-841

„… legal remedy, thus including appeals1433, default judgments1434,etc.1431 Case T-466/07 DEP II, Osram v …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-75

„… ] .......................................................................................................... 106Article 41 [Judgment by default …” „… ......................................................................... 421CHAPTER 8. JUDGMENTS BY DEFAULT …” „… ......................................................................... 424Article 152 Judgments by default …”

[General rules for pleadings] S. 643-659

„… rather obvious matter wrong, probably due to the submitter’s late night fatigue, resulted in a default …”

[Contents of an application] S. 659-682

„… suspension304,for intervention305, for default judgments306, for third-party proceedings307, forrevision308 …”

[Expert opinions] S. 167-168

„… light of the documents produced477.Article 27 [Defaulting witnesses]With respect to defaulting witnesses …” „… or to provide information478 does notentail any formal sanction, any defaulting witness may …”

[Hearing of witnesses] S. 168

„… 27 [Defaulting witnesses]With respect to defaulting witnesses the Court of Justice shall have the …” „… notentail any formal sanction, any defaulting witness may, depending on the relevantlegislation of his …”

[Oath] S. 168-169

„… 27 [Defaulting witnesses]With respect to defaulting witnesses the Court of Justice shall have the …” „… notentail any formal sanction, any defaulting witness may, depending on the relevantlegislation of his …”

[Applying the order] S. 756-757

„… expenses incurred by the witness, and of thepenalties which may be imposed on defaulting witnesses.The …”

[Witnesses] S. 757-760

„… expenses incurred by the witness, and of thepenalties which may be imposed on defaulting witnesses.The …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259079

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Michael D Connelly

The Journey's End

2023

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2. AGONY AS THE DEFAULT OPTION S. 11-24

„… ignorance of their options, or, most frequently of all, by default.TURNING THE TITANICIn this chapter, I …” „… 112AGONY AS THE DEFAULT OPTIONIf you do not change direction, you may end up where you are …” „… elderly patient, its default response is to use high-tech medical devices such as ventilators, dialysis …”

5. THE ETHICS AND ECONOMICS OF END-OF-LIFE CARE S. 47-58

„… goes into its default mode—in this case, in response to a medical crisis experienced by his frail …” „… default EOL care model does not kick in automatically at the end of life, wasting billions of dollars that …”

1. PREPARING FOR THE LAST PHASE OF LIFE S. 1-10

„… to the U.S. healthcare system’s default settings.Embracing the end of life can be rewarding. This …” „… elderly.As a society we can avoid the default option of ineffective and expensive care with a natural death …”

15. NEW FUNDING OPTIONS FOR END-OF-LIFE CARE S. 167-174

„… of default curative care. However, these reforms are worth fighting for because they would make …”

Preface

„… Agony as the Default Option 11 3 The Fiction of Living Forever 25 4 The Art and Science of Medicine 35 …”

3. THE FICTION OF LIVING FOREVER S. 25-34

„… from my own long experience working in healthcare that if I had no advance directive, the default …”

10. OPTIONS FOR END-OF-LIFE CARE S. 101-112

„… due to this country’s default treatment of terminally ill patients.Unfortunately, only a handful of …”

7. PATIENT AUTONOMY: A Double-Edged Sword S. 71-82

„… the many reasons that curative care has become the default treatment option for EOL care in America …”

12. UNDERSTANDING THE FFS PHYSICIAN PAYMENT SYSTEM S. 127-142

„… quality of care to people who now use the ER as a default doctor’s of-fice would be to substantially …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538175491

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