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Volker Stocker, Franziska Birke, Gert Brunekreeft, Hans-Jörg Weiß - Perspektiven der Netzökonomie

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Volker Stocker (ed.), Franziska Birke (ed.), Gert Brunekreeft (ed.), Hans-Jörg Weiß (ed.)

Perspektiven der Netzökonomie

Series: Freiburger Studien zur Netzökonomie

Volume 23 2023

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Patrick Zenhäusern Access regulation of non-personal data markets S. 211-231

„… Access regulation of non-personal data marketsPatrick Zenhäusern1AbstractNon-personal data like …” „… following, we therefore discuss specific options for the organization of non-personal data markets.Primary …” „… marketsData is often produced through the use of services. Thus, data can be obtained directly from the users …”

Johannes M. Bauer Agile Regulation: Experiments in Flexible Governance S. 31-50

„… . https://ssrn.com/abstract=4137588.Prado, T. S., & Bauer, J. M. (2021). Improving broadband policy design using market data …” „… possible to achieve coordination via standards, modular technology architectures, and market-driven …” „… regulation, outcome-focused regulation, data-driven regulation, and experimental regulation to support …”

Carl Christian von Weizsäcker Geleitwort S. 5-8

„… data markets 211Patrick ZenhäusernInhalt8 …”

Franziska Birke, Gert Brunekreeft, Volker Stocker, Hans-Jörg Weiß Einführungsbeitrag der Herausgeber S. 9-30

„… Non-personal Data Markets”In seinem Beitrag untersucht Patrick Zenhäusern Fragen bezüglich des Zugangs zu …” „… Marktuntersuchungen (“market surveys”/“market investigations”) als zusätzliches Instrument des Wettbewerbsrechts nach …” „… broadband markets: The role of technological neutrality. Telecommunications Policy, 44(5), 101908 …”

Manfred J. Holler, Florian Rupp Networks, Centrality, Public Good Index and the Medici S. 73-88

„… marriages 1395–143414Source: Author’s representation based on data by Schoch (2017)The Ciompi revolt of 1378 …” „… his model to the political market: “The competition for votes between the Republican and Democratic …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748937463

Christa Larsen, Sigrid Rand, Alfons Schmid, Andrew Dean - Developing Skills in a Changing World of Work

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Christa Larsen (ed.), Sigrid Rand (ed.), Alfons Schmid (ed.), Andrew Dean (ed.)

Developing Skills in a Changing World of Work

2018

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Andrew Dean, Ben Neild A New Regional Labour Market Intervention: The Creation and Delivery of a “Data Analytics Skills Escalator” in the Exeter SUB-‐region of SW England S. 347-364

„… new intervention in the labour market – establishing a “Data Analytics …” „… , Competence and Knowledge A New Regional Labour Market Intervention: The Creation and …” „… Delivery of a “Data Analytics Ski l ls Escalator” in the Exeter SUB- ‐region of SW …”

Piotr Maleszyk Occupational Barometer as a Tool for Identifying Shortage and Surplus Occupations on Local Labour Markets: Evidence from Poland S. 121-166

„… skill mismatch, can also be derived from labour market data on …” „… labour market, so this data therefore only has an auxiliary …” „… market signalling and used data concerning the occupational struc- ‐ ture …”

Christa Larsen, Sigrid Rand Introduction S. 11-24

„… and data when creating transparency for la- ‐ bour market actors …” „… market actors have the task of capturing which skills, competences …” „… labour market observatories, which are established in over 550 regions …”

INFORMATION ON THE AUTHORS S. 465-488

„… market data and she is building data- ‐driven taxonomies for skills and …” „… econometrics and statistics on real time labour market data. At Burning …” „… additional qualifications in sociology (market and marketing research …”

Dan Restuccia, Bledi Taska Different Skills, Different Gaps: Measuring and Closing the Skills Gap S. 207-226

„… the Demand for Data Science Skills is Disrupting the Job Market …” „… , http://burning- ‐glass.com/research/quant- ‐crunch- ‐data- ‐ science- ‐job- ‐market/, last accessed 21 …” „… of the job market in very different ways. Rather than one …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… World of Work: Concepts, Measurement and Data Applied in Regional and Local Labour Market Monitoring …” „… , analysing and combining data. Furthermore, they are embedded in regional/local networks of labour market …” „… , Measurement and Data Applied in Regional and Local Labour Market Monitoring Across Europe …”

Tjaša Žakelj Monitoring Skill and Competence Needs in Slovenia S. 395-424

„… extremely important for labour market stakeholders to have detailed data on …” „… market needs. The relevance of definitions and data for the …” „… , http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GAC/2014/WEF_GAC_Employment_MatchingSkillsLabour Market_Report_2014.pdf, last …”

Mario Mezzanzanica, Fabio Mercorio, Emilio Colombo Digitalisation and Automation: Insights from the Online Labour Market S. 259-282

„… who might use labour market data to identify their own training or …” „… scenario, the analysis of Big Data related to the labour market, as in …” „… 259 Digital isation and Automation: Insights from the Online Labour Market …”

Claudia Plaimauer Monitoring Changing Needs in skills, competences and qualifications in Austria S. 167-178

„… on already available data and information on labour market needs …” „… planners, labour market administrators and vocational counsellors as well …” „… market intel- ‐ ligence and, ideally, a longer- ‐term perspective. Is this …”

Jyldyz Djumalieva, Cath Sleeman An Open and Data-driven Taxonomy of Skills Extracted from Online Job Adverts S. 425-454

„… “Marketing re- ‐ search”, could also sit in “Data engineering”. To address the …” „… 425 An Open and Data- ‐driven Taxonomy of Ski l ls Extracted from Online …” „… , we propose a data- ‐driven taxonomy of skills mentioned by em …”

Moreno Baruffini Analysing Demand-oriented Skills in the Commercial Sector: The Swiss Case S. 227-240

„… that continuously struggle to find space in the labour market. There …” „… a web- ‐scraper. 228 The Start ing Point: A Changing Labour Market and a …” „… enter the labour market. It has a high labour market relevance and …”

Pierre André Gericke, Alfons Schmid Professional Qualification Mismatches in Preceding Occupations: Comparison of Persons Entering Unemployment in East and West Germany S. 195-206

„… market before (excluding data concerning persons with a disability ac …” „… insight that the labour markets for certain occupations have specific …” „… the respective occupational labour market determines over- ‐ and under …”

Ciprian Panzaru, Alina Iotu Generation Z versus the Labour Market: Skills Expectations in a New Era S. 283-300

„… Target Groups of the Labour Market Generation Z versus the Labour Market: Ski l ls …” „… , four generations will collide in the labour market, the need to design …” „… labour market. As this research is one of the first of its …”

Nina Oding Innovative Economy in St. Petersburg and the Development of Competencies S. 365-384

„… appeared on the agenda and will soon change the labour market. Obvious …” „… and data retrieval used to cre- ‐ ate an adequate picture. This paper …” „… - ‐ gone a long period of adaptation to market demand, passing through …”

Marta Marzena Sosnowska Current and Future Demand for Professions, Competences and Qualifications in the Context of the Sectoral Development of the Regional Economy: The Case of Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland S. 179-194

„… labour market, taking the key sectors of the regional economy into …” „… variables that appear in job offers, including: data on the the …” „… the Polish and regional labour market and the rise of the so …”

Aleksandra Webb, Ronald McQuaid Utilising Skills Demand Opportunities to Overcome the Low Professional Status and Attractiveness of a Sector: The Early Learning and Childcare Sector in Scotland S. 241-258

„… market data and offer trends and forecasts at both regional and local …” „… inclusive labour markets. While some of the projected skills shortages in …” „… on the data collected as part of the Erasmus- ‐ funded Replay- ‐VET …”

Vyacheslav Bobkov, Vadim Kvachev, Irina Novikova International Systems of Labour Skills Monitoring in the Digital Economy S. 385-394

„… and Irina Novikova The global digital labour market is forming …” „… the global digital labour market. The solution to this prob- ‐ lem is …” „… market monitoring. At the regional level, three major regional systems of …”

Renato Fontana, Carmine Piscopo, Erika Nemmo Cross-‐cutting Competences and Soft Skills in Digital Professions: Knowledge-sharing and Social Stratification in the World of Tomorrow S. 25-50

„… the composite aggregate that we call the labour market. 26 Let’s …” „… market, respectively. It is much more than that and goes beyond it …” „… the produc- ‐ tion process, both in- ‐ and outside the labour market …”

Carsten Kampe, Daniel Porep, Anja Walter Changing Needs for Soft Skills and Competencies Through Digitalisation: Results of Two Business Surveys in the Federal State of Brandenburg S. 85-102

„… the market. This is linked to far- ‐reaching changes in the labour …” „… market. Indi- ‐ vidual occupations and jobs will lose their significance …” „… development, the emergence of new markets and strong economic growth. 90 …”

Eugenia Atin, Raquel Serrano, Ibon Zugasti 50 Strategies for 2050: Work and the Digital Revolution in Spain S. 103-120

„… dizzying changes in their job markets, mainly derived from intense demograph …” „… market in Spain. This led to a Delphi survey and three collective …” „… sector, the economy and the job market). Both the survey and the 105 …”

Anna Grochowska Changing Need for Qualifications and Competencies: Assessment in Mazovian Regional Labour Market Monitoring S. 455-464

„… Mazovian Regional Labour Market Monitoring Anna Grochowska Introduction People are …” „… market. Nowadays, new, unique qualifications and competencies can be acquired …” „… all sec- ‐ tors of the labour market. By 2025, 90% of vocational …”

Patrizio Di Nicola, Alessia Cremonini, Michela Cossu, Stefano Scravaglieri Smart Working and Organisation: Which Managerial Skills to Lead and Manage Cultural Change? S. 51-84

„… discuss three case studies describing three Italian market organisations to …” „… , competitiveness, increased participa- ‐ tion in the labour market, gender equality …” „… it. In terms of skills development results, recent data from the …”

doi.org/10.978.395710/3154

Samantha Cleaver - Every Reader a Close Reader

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Samantha Cleaver

Every Reader a Close Reader

2015

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APPENDIX A. The Market Data Retrieval/WeAreTeachers Close Reading Survey S. 175-180

„… 1 7 5APPENDIX AThe Market Data Retrieval/WeAreTeachers Close Reading SurveySURVEY FUNDAMENTALSIn …” „… 2014, from September 7 to 24, Market Data Retrieval and WeAreTeachers conducted an online research …”

CHAPTER 3. SETTING THE STAGE: Welcome Students to Text and Set a Purpose for Reading S. 57-74

„… . Source: Market Data Retrieval/WeAreTeachers Survey.Why reread? Rereading is about more than checking off …” „… aloud) (30 percent)Source: Data taken from the WeAreTeachers close reading survey, fall 2014.15_287 …” „… devel-From the Classroom: How Often Do Teachers Activate Background Knowledge Prior to Reading?Source: Market …”

Preface

„… Close Reading on Standardized Tests 172 A Worthwhile Task 173APPENDIX A : THE MARKET DATA …” „… Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataCleaver, Samantha, 1981– Every reader a close reader : expand and …”

CHAPTER 1. CLOSE READING AND THE COMMON CORE S. 13-34

„… lead instruction. Source: Market Data Retrieval/WeAreTeachers Survey.15_287-Cleaver.indb 18 6/29/15 …” „… informational text. Among literary text, poetry was used far less than general fiction. Source: Market Data …” „… 3that textbook complexity has decreased (Adams, 2010–2011). Data like this underscores the need for …”

CHAPTER 4. TALKING TO TEXT: Enhance Student Comprehension through Text-Dependent Questions and Annotation S. 75-90

„… students struggled with. Source: Taken from Market Data Retrieval/WeAreTeachers Survey.Temoca Dixon, social …” „… , unsure! = Interesting or surprising[ ] = Quotable# = Information, data, statisticE = Evidence* = The most …”

INTRODUCTION S. 1-12

„… them to strengthen your close reading practice.WEARETEACHERS SURVEYIn September 2014, Market Data …”

CHAPTER 2. GETTING COMPLEX: Select and Use Close Reading Texts S. 35-56

„… : Information from the Market Data Retrieval/WeAreTeachers Survey.15_287-Cleaver.indb 47 6/29/15 11:07 …” „… ) Nazario includes a section (“A Common Choice”) that is full of data, statistics, and information about the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781475814750

Christa Larsen, Jenny Kipper, Daniel Porep, Anja Walter, Carsten Kampe, Markus Höhne, Lukas Kleine-Rueschkamp - Pathways of Greening Labour Markets

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Christa Larsen (ed.), Jenny Kipper (ed.), Daniel Porep (ed.), Anja Walter (ed.), Carsten Kampe (ed.), Markus Höhne (ed.), Lukas Kleine-Rueschkamp (ed.)

Pathways of Greening Labour Markets

Series: Forschung und deren Anwendung im Bereich des regionalen und lokalen Arbeitsmarktmonitorings im transnationalen Vergleich (Veröffentlichungen des IWAK)

Volume 14 2023

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Elena Magrini, Julia Nania, Mauro Pelucchi, Rudra Sett, Will Hanvey, Layla O’Kane, Duncan Brown, Bledi Taska The Green Transition in Labour Markets Across Europe: an Analysis of Job Postings Data S. 321-346

„… 321 The Green Transition in Labour Markets Across Europe: an Analysis of Job Postings Data Elena …” „… . Compared to traditional sources of labour market data, job postings data allows for a detailed, almost …” „… real-time look at the labour market and what employers need. However, the quality of the data is dependent …”

María Leonor Jalón del Río, Estibaliz Olivares Echevarria The Impact of the Climate Challenge on the Basque Country‘s Labour Market and the Results of an Administrative Data Analysis to Detect Trends in the Basque Country‘s Labour Market S. 73-98

„… Administrative Data Analysis to Detect Trends in the Basque Country’s Labour Market María Leonor Jalón del Río …” „… Market In this second part of the paper, we will analyse administrative data to detect changes in the …” „… 73 The Impact of the Climate Challenge on the Basque Country’s Labour Market and the Results of an …”

Ludger Weller, Simon Schmid Navigating the Transition to a Green Economy: The Crucial Role of Skills for Regional and Local Labour Markets S. 309-320

„… labour market data from, for example, online job vacancies should be considered. With skill surveys as a …” „… stakeholders with the relevant, local labour market data to make informed decisions will be essential in making …” „… , Upeksha/Scharf, Ul-rich (2022): Labour Market Impacts of the Green Transition: The Need for More Granular Data …”

Lukas Kleine-Rueschkamp How Can We Measure Green Jobs? S. 109-120

„… Green Transition on Re-gional Labour Markets? In addressing climate change and environmental degradation …” „… contribute to a greening of the labour mar-ket, which has major labour market implications. First, new types …” „… markets, “there is a lack of systematic evidence on the green transition’s impact on local labour markets …”

INFORMATION ON THE AUTHORS S. 385-404

„… development of data analytics for customers outside of the Americas. His background is in labour market …” „… develop innovative models, methods, and deployments of labour market data and other data to meet customer …” „… modelling, la-bour market analyses, and the design of big data pipelines to process large da-tasets of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Challenge on the Basque Country‘s Labour Market and the Results of an Administrative Data Analysis to Detect …” „… [Eds.]Pathways of Greening Labour MarketsOpportunities and Challenges for Regional and Local Labour Market …” „… EditionRainerHamppPathways of Greening Labour MarketsOpportunities and Challenges for Regional and Local Labour Market …”

Christa Larsen, Jenny Kipper Pathways of Greening Labour Markets. Opportunities and Challenges for Regional and Local Labour Market Observation in Europe and Beyond S. 11-18

„… 11 Pathways of Greening Labour Markets. Opportunities and Challenges for Regional and Local Labour …” „… Market Observation in Europe and Beyond Introduction Sustainability is a topic that has occupied the …” „… European Network on Regional La-bour Market Monitoring (EN RLMM) for ten years. Already in 2014, a network …”

Alessandra Motz, Moreno Baruffini, Dorit Griga The Swiss Labour Market and the Green Transition: Expected Impacts, Monitoring Challenges, and Policy Needs S. 141-156

„… consistently linked to labour market data. Even where some information on the labour market outcomes of the …” „… 141 The Swiss Labour Market and the Green Transition: Expected Impacts, Monitoring Challenges, and …” „… within the planet’s ecological boundaries. Nonetheless, economists and policymakers lack data and tools …”

Renato Fontana, Ernesto Dario Coal was our Life. The Green Transition and New Production Patterns S. 177-210

„… , we have the so-called “market-men”; we are referring to specialised reserve staff, young and still …” „… areas of the labour market, and re-quires profound transformations in the habits of companies, as well …” „… global perspectives. Entering the pathways of greening labour markets means getting ready to think of a …”

Romain Boitard, Francesca Rosso Accelerating the Shift to a Green Economy in the EU Neighbourhood. Opportunities and Challenges for Integrating Sustainability and Green Skills in Education, Training, and Employment Policies S. 47-72

„… continues to accelerate, which impacts the labour market in profound ways (such as big data, cloud computing …” „… monitoring labour market trends in general (such as collecting data on employ-ment, wages, and available …” „… 47 1.2 Complexity of Implementation and Methodological Challenges for Labour Market Observation …”

Markus Höhne, Carsten Kampe, Daniel Porep, Anja Walter Economic Significance and Personnel Policy Challenges of the Energy Transition in Brandenburg – Findings from a Company Survey S. 261-286

„… services have become increasingly important for the energy transition market. The type of data processed …” „… skilled workers in the relevant key labour markets is widely discussed (Märkische Allgemeine 2023 …” „… assess the skilled labour situation in key labour markets for climate protection (Friedrich Ebert …”

Taymour Elmasry Towards a Transregional Governance of Skilled Migration S. 241-260

„… workers and future migrants are kept low. While some of the trained workers join the local labour market …” „… coherence;  data for evidence-based policy;  local development and job creation ;  skills classification …” „… whole-of-government coordination strategy, and data sharing. This would generate a positive contribution to the …”

Claudia Plaimauer, Stefan Humpl Mastering the Twin Transition: Skills Demand in Technical Facility Management S. 347-364

„… data platform for comprehensively capturing national OJA markets. All OJAs published between 1 January …” „… characterising current occupa-tional practice was created, to serve as conceptual basis for a labour market …” „… and Filtering Strategy OJAs were used as main source for characterising detailed labour market de-mand …”

Roschan Pourkhataei Monsef, Finn Arnd Linking Taxonomy-Eligibility and Employment Survey Data: Job Profiles in the Renewable Energy Sector in Germany S. 287-308

„… Taxonomy-Eligibility and Employment Survey Data: Job Profiles in the Renewable Energy Sector in Germany Roschan …” „… the pressure on an already tight labour market. Irrespective of the climate agenda, companies in …” „… the limited supply on the la-bour market are exacerbated by an overall ageing of the German population …”

Lukas Kleine-Rueschkamp The Green Transition in Local Labour Markets: new Subnational Evidence for 30 OECD Countries S. 99-108

„… 99 The Green Transition in Local Labour Markets: new Subna-tional Evidence for 30 OECD Countries …” „… ), analysing how much and why regional labour markets have greener or less green labour mar-kets. The analysis …” „… shows that the green transition could exacerbate existing or create new divides in the labour market …”

Ralitsa Savova Climate Changes as Dystopia. Ways to turn Environmental Challenges into Opportunities and to Think Green S. 211-226

„… like Bulgaria, which according to World Bank data as of 2021 is 6,877,743.56 The COVID-19 mortality …” „… 56 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BG/. 213 these gases can remain in the …” „… and creating a green labour mar-ket. Creating Buffers The measures that the EU is taking to reduce …”

Gabrielle Climie Reduce, Reuse, Rebuild? The Challenge of STEM Skills in Retrofitting the South West of England for a Greener Future S. 227-240

„… projects. Retrofit and RheEnergise In the context of greening labour markets, retrofit refers to …” „… of homes, particularly at the scales required” (Crilly et al. 2012: 1027). Data from Lightcast shows …” „… need for labour market analysis to inform stakeholders is pressing when responding to global climate …”

Aleksandra Webb, Ronald McQuaid Green Ambitions and Industrial Change: how past Lessons and Current Opportunities can help with the Green Transition. The Case of the Scotland S. 121-140

„… access to the labour market, high quality work, including good working conditions, inclusive training …” „… skills, software developers, or data analytics skills escalators27). Each escalator outlines multi-level …” „… greener and fairer models 132 of production, which could stimulate labour market and benefit regional …”

Tijs Creijghton Resilience or Ressentiment: Keeping the Climate Transition Just S. 157-176

„… “largely” been “market-driven, whereas the green transition will be primarily policy driven. In previous …” „… high-end markets for textiles.” (OECD 2023: 107). The success of marketing high-quality products from the …” „… 2022a; OECD 2020b; OECD 2019b])”38 (ibid.). The pace with which labour market devel-opment and …”

Marta Marzena Sosnowska, Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska Managerial Skills Demanded in Sustainability Transitions – Projection from the American Labour Market S. 365-384

„… Labour Market Marta Marzena Sosnowska and Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska Introduction Sustainability transitions …” „… American labour market? (2) What are the sectors which demand skills of sustainability transitions in the …” „… novel skills in the labour market and it profiles the education of workers. Rosenberg, Lotz-Sisitka, and …”

Marco Ricceri The European Green Deal and its Impact on Labour Markets. The Rules on the Taxonomies of Sustainable Activities S. 19-46

„… 19 1. FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS OF GREENING LABOUR MAR-KETS 1.1 Regulation and Operationalisation The …” „… European Green Deal and its Impact on Labour Markets. The Rules on the Taxonomies of Sustainable Activities …” „… entire production chain of the goods placed on the market, from upstream sup-pliers to downstream …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783957104236

Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann, Vagelis Papakonstantinou, Gerrit Hornung, Paul De Hert - General Data Protection Regulation

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Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann (ed.), Vagelis Papakonstantinou (ed.), Gerrit Hornung (ed.), Paul De Hert (ed.)

General Data Protection Regulation

2023

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Art. 6(1)(f) Opinion and market research in the age of Big Data Domingos Farinho S. 340-344

„… highlights the relation between marketing and market research5 as a circuit of personal data processing and …” „… )(f)Opinion and market research in the age of Big DataLiterature: Art. 29 WP 203, ‘Opinion 03/2013 on purpose …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17III. Rights of the data subject: adapting GDPR rights to market and opinion research …”

Art. 6(1)(f) Data processing for marketing purposes Domingos Farinho S. 345-355

„… concerning data subjects’ rights in the context of market and opinion research, contrary to what happens …” „… object whenever personal data are used for the purposes of direct marketing.The DPD does not define …” „… regarding direct marketing for instance (→ Art. Art. 6(1)(f) Data processing for marketing purposes). But …”

Art. 1 Subject-Matter and Objectives Gerrit Hornung and Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 77-91

„… The second object of protection of the GDPR is the free movement of data within the internal market …” „… the unified European market for data processing in accor25 Even more reserved Roßnagel in Roßnagel, …” „… information market since data protection now plays a significant role in relation to non-European competitors …”

Art. 3 Territorial scope Gerrit Hornung S. 116-134

„… unchanged.71Connection to the Union and the internal marketOffering of goods and services to data subjects …” „… argumentation on the market place → mn. 23 et seq.).24In contrast to para. 2 (→ mn. 33), the processing of data …” „… services to data subjects in the Union (lit. a), but only targets its home market.98 This substantial …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Art. 6(1)(f) 328Opinion and market research in the age of Big Data …” „… changed the way of communication, online marketing has targeted in personalized ways, big data has turned …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Art. 6(1)(f) 340Data processing for marketing purposes …”

Art. 2 Material scope Vagelis Papakonstantinou and Paul De Hert S. 92-115

„… market.Art. 2Material scope1. This Regulation applies to the processing of personal data wholly or partly by …” „… within the GDPR as an instrument of self-commitment. Hence, the transfer of data from one …” „… one and the same controller, as is commissioned data processing in different Member States. In …”

Art. 4(25) Definitions Judith Rauhofer and Burkhard Schafer S. 253-257

„… Market’, in A. Lodder and A. Murray (eds), EU Regulation of E-Commerce: A Commentary, Cheltenham 2017, 15 …” „… Commissioner’s Office, ‘The General Data Protection Regulation: Children and the GDPR’; C. Gardiner, ‘Star Taxi …” „… Platform Services?’, Journal of European Consumer and Market Law, 10(2) (2021); M. Y. Schaub, ‘Why Uber is …”

Art. 60 Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and the other supervisory authorities concerned Cooperation between the lead supervisory authority and other authorities S. 904-914

„… that there is an urgent need to act in order to protect the interests of data subjects, the urgency …” „… means, using a standardised format.Literature: European Commission ‘Data Protection as a Pillar of …” „… General Data Protection Regulation’, COM(2020) 264 final, 24 June 2020; European Commission. ‘A …”

Introduction S. 1-76

„… IntroductionI. History and Motives of Data Protection Legislation …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5aa) Automated data processing …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6bb) Necessary juridification of data protection …”

Art. 89 Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes Laura Carmichael, Emma Crado... S. 1113-1121

„… , https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/information-management/guide-to-archiving-personal-data.pdf. 6 The ERA – founded in 2000 – aims to create “a single, borderless market for research …” „… of the data subject. Those safeguards shall ensure that technical and organisational measures are in …” „… place in particular in order to ensure respect for the principle of data minimisation. Those measures …”

Index S. 1169-1211

„… – law firms 4(7) 34– mail marketing 4(7) 39– market research agency 4(7) 38– municipial authorities …” „… – Websites 3 45Market research agency 4(7) 38Marketing 6(1)(f) 1Material scope 2 1 et seq.– automated …” „… data flows 49 15 et seq.– marketing 49 16– outsourcing 49 17– PNR 49 16– third country transfer …”

Art. 4(9) Recipient András Jóri S. 189-191

„… another body to whom the personal data are disclosed, whether or not a third party. However, public …” „… authorities which may receive personal data in the framework of a particular inquiry in accordance with Union …” „… or Member State law shall not be regarded as recipients; the processing of those data by those public …”

Art. 6 Lawfulness of processing Giovanni Sartor S. 291-327

„… interests of the controller or of third parties (e.g., market analyses, advertising, sale of data and so …” „… new technology applications will not be forced upon the data subjects – in this case, the …” „… attitudes and preferences. Concerning data analyses with Big Data, the data subjects will only notice …”

Art. 20 Right to data portability Alexander Dix S. 508-517

„… Art. 20Right to data portability1. The data subject shall have the right to receive the personal …” „… data concerning him or her, which he or she has provided to a controller, in a structured, commonly …” „… used and machine-readable format and have the right to transmit those data to another controller …”

Art. 4(7) Controller András Jóri S. 175-185

„… databases are to be treated as a single database (making therefore, for example, requests by data subjects …” „… applicable to all data kept in them, rather than to data stored only in one of their …” „… with others, determines the purposes and means of the processing of personal data; where the purposes …”

Art. 4(21) Supervisory authority Sebastian Bretthauer S. 242-243

„… intervene in the event that unlawful data processing is an expression of the abuse of a dominant market …” „… EU undertakes to adhere to BCR as personal data protection policies with regard to data transferred …” „… liability of the BCR (→ Art. 47 mn. 17) and an easily reachable point of contact for data subjects and SAs …”

Art. 87 Processing of the national identification number Niko Tsakalakis S. 1090-1093

„… Art. 29 WP 140, Opinion 7/2007 on data protection issues related to the Internal Market Information …” „… order to reconcile public access to official documents with the right to the protection of personal data …” „… data included in official documents held by them according to Union or Member State law which they are …”

Art. 7 Conditions for consent Judith Rauhofer and Burkhard Schafer S. 376-390

„… “dependent on what other market players do and whether an individual data subject would find the other …” „… market developments to ensure the continued validity of consent for their data processing activities, as …” „… situations, where the service in question dominates a specific online market.Addressing the power …”

Art. 68 European Data Protection Board Stephanie Schiedermair S. 986-990

„… guarantee the integrity and confidentiality of the data during their transmission within the scope …” „… can be used.The EDPB has so far used the Comm's existing Internal Market Information (IMI) system,17 …” „… authorities or the EDPB can also use this instrument as directly affected parties.20Section 3European data …”

Art. 90 Obligations of secrecy Cristina Pauner S. 1122-1127

„… of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the internal market.Art. 90 …” „… the data subject in relation to the processing.Processing serves another purpose at the same time …” „… (para. 4)In some cases, the same data may be processed for concurrent purposes42 – i.e., where: one …”

Art. 4(6) Filing system Vagelis Papakonstatinou and Paul De Hert S. 168-174

„… on the Concept of Personal Data, 20 June 2007; S. Simitis, ‘From the Market To the Polis: The EU …” „… to pseudonymise personal data in court decisions is meant to balance the protection of the data …” „… subjects and the legal interests promoted by open access to judicial data.Even without an explicit …”

Art. 85 Processing and freedom of expression and information Alexander Dix S. 1070-1085

„… data pursuant to this Regulation with the right to freedom of expression and information, including …” „… (rights of the data subject), Chapter IV (controller and processor), Chapter V (transfer of personal data …” „… ), Chapter VII (cooperation and consistency) and Chapter IX (specific data processing situations) if they are …”

Art. 11 Processing which does not require identification Laura Carmichael, Emma Cradock and Sophie Stalla-Bourdillon S. 426-433

„… the GDPR on the data-driven market’ Computer Law & Security Review 38, (2020); M. Veale, R. Binns and …” „… , ‘Information asymmetries: recognizing the limits of the GDPR on the data-driven market,’ Computer Law …” „… access to the processed data, which is not necessarily a condition for qualifying as a controller …”

Art. 43 Certification bodies Irene Kamara S. 767-774

„… international data transfers. Another market-based effect is boosting the reputation and image of a controller …” „… (…)”. Art. 29 Data Protection Working Party has pointed out that even “non-compliance with self-regulatory …” „… Articles 57 and 58, certification bodies which have an appropriate level of expertise in relation to data …”

Art. 28 Processor András Jóri S. 626-645

„… the protection of the rights of the data subject.2. The processor shall not engage another processor …” „… duration of the processing, the nature and purpose of the processing, the type of personal data and …” „… categories of data subjects and the obligations and rights of the controller. That contract or other legal …”

Art. 33 Notification of a personal data breach to the supervisory authority Alexander Dix S. 670-680

„… date (cf. recital 82 and Art. 30); undertaking audits of all systems processing personal data …” „… ; reviewing and updating the data protection policies; establishing a programme of ongoing monitoring of the …” „… , whichever is higher.IV. Requirement to process personal data according to the instructions of the …”

Art. 4(15) Data concerning health András Jóri S. 225-228

„… and apps freely available on the commercial market and irrespective whether these devices are marketed …” „… special categories of personal data as they are covered by the definition of biometric data only when …” „… only to the definition, but also to “processing of special categories of data”, appearing in Art. 9 …”

Art. 50 International cooperation for the protection of personal data Stephanie Schiedermair S. 854-857

„… of the data, which would be difficult to reconcile with the idea of the free flow of data in the …” „… internal market. The problem therefore remains unsolved.Art. 50International cooperation for the protection …” „… of personal dataIn relation to third countries and international organisations, the Commission and …”

Art. 98 Review of other Union legal acts on data protection Domingos Farinho S. 1161-1164

„… The GDPR is also seen to be a role model for global data protection ambitions, as other countries …” „… other Union legal acts on data protectionThe Commission shall, if appropriate, submit legislative …” „… proposals with a view to amending other Union legal acts on the protection of personal data, in order to …”

Art. 25 Data protection by design and by default Marco Almada, Juliano Maranhao and Giovanni Sartor S. 580-601

„… select among the systems available on the market, the ones that better comply with data protection …” „… the controller to liability towards the data subject or any other person who suffered damages …” „… compliance. While the burden of proof in this case would in principle remain with the data subject, it has …”

Art. 55 Competence Eva Souhrada-Kirchmayer S. 880-883

„… market location principle in relation to third countries. In any case, a “targeting” exists, if the data …” „… confidentiality is based, namely the violations of the GDPR reported by natural persons. This protects the data of …” „… ” data.The obligation of confidentiality does not end with the termination of membership of the SA, as the …”

Art. 99 Entry into force and application Gerrit Hornung and Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 1165-1168

„… - and also for many controllers and processors outside the EU due to the market-place principle …” „… concerning personal data protection have been amended pursuant to Art. 98, such as:– Regulation (EC) No …” „… (VIS) and the exchange of data between Member States on short-stay visas (VIS Regulation);15– Directive …”

Art. 83 General conditions for imposing administrative fines Olivia Tambou S. 1051-1063

„… concerned as well as the number of data subjects affected and the level of damage suffered by them(b) the …” „… mitigate the damage suffered by data subjects(d) the degree of responsibility of the controller or …” „… adverse effects of the infringement;(g) the categories of personal data affected by the infringement(h …”

Art. 63 Consistency mechanism Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 927-937

„… from Art. 61 and the broader data protection purposes should be interpreted as creating an obligation …” „… decisive significance for the effective implementation of a consistent Data Protection Law in the EU.12 …” „… enforcement of Data Protection law.13 The consistency mechanism ensures the coordination of national …”

Art. 4(5) Pseudonymisation Marco Almada, Juliano Maranhao and Giovanni Sartor S. 162-167

„… the data subject; yet, in case of decisions based solely on a profiling, safeguards are required.A …” „… for the rights and freedoms of the data subject, in case of profiling. Therefore, a DPIA is demanded …” „… monitoring of data subjects on a large scale”, the designation of a DPO is required (→ Art. 37 para. 1 lit. b …”

Art. 95 Relationship with Directive 2002/58/EC Vagelis Papakonstantinou and Paul De Hert S. 1150-1154

„… : European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights and Council of Europe, 2018 Handbook on European Data …” „… Implementation; New Rules on Data Protection, Spam, Data Breaches and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights …” „… certainty regarding the provisions applicable to the processing of personal data in the particular context …”

Art. 81 Suspension of proceedings Olivia Tambou S. 1036-1040

„… GDPR and the LED adopted in June 201722 does not contain provisions on the representation of the data …” „… subject.By contrast, section 187 of the UK Data Protection Act 201823 includes such provisions. Section 187 …” „… provides for a legal framework for representation of the data subject in relation to the processing of …”

Art. 4(26) International organisation Stephanie Schiedermair S. 258-260

„… data protection matters.1 This is based on the realisation that effective data protection in the …” „… a common purpose with at least one effective institution.43.27 Para. 3 of Annex I Single Market …” „… international organisations in data protection matters, e.g. in the field of security, data protection in the …”

Art. 4(11) Consent Judith Rauhofer and Burkhard Schafer S. 195-215

„… between EU Consumer Law and Data protection Law’, Common Market Law Review, 54, pp. 1427-1466; E. Kosta …” „… Data protection Law’, Common Market Law Review (2017) 54, pp. 1427-1466, p. 1459.101 EDPB, Guidelines …” „… referred to above).Art. 4(11)Consent(11) ‘consent’ of the data subject means any freely given, specific …”

Art. 4(16) Main establishment Sebastian Bretthauer S. 229-236

„… decisions on the purposes and means of the processing of personal data are taken in another establishment of …” „… , ‘The concept of establishment and data protection law: rethinking establishment’, E.L. Rev. 2017, 491 …” „… ; D. J. B. Svantesson, ‘Article 4(1)(a) ‘establishment of the controller’ in EU data privacy law …”

Art. 61 Mutual assistance S. 915-921

„… data subjects, neither does it create any obligations to controllers or processors. Instead, it is an …” „… its operation is of limited interest to data subjects, controllers and processors. Decisions that …” „… to it), this could presumably form a court process that could indeed be cross-border (by a data …”

Art. 8 Conditions applicable to child's consent in relation to information society servicesThe authors would like to thank Ayça Atabey for her assistance in conducting the research for this chapter. J... S. 391-399

„… information society services directly to a child, the processing of the personal data of a child shall be …” „… relation to a child.Literature: European Data Protection Board, Guidelines 5/2020 on consent under …” „… Regulation 2016/679, 4 May 2020; European Data Protection Supervisor, ‘Opinion on the Data Protection Reform …”

Art. 37 Designation of the data protection officer Stefan Drewes and Sebastian Bretthauer S. 714-724

„… authorisation is envisaged here instead of mere consultation.42Section 4Data protection officerArt. 37 …” „… Designation of the data protection officer1. The controller and the processor shall designate a data …” „… purposes, require regular and systematic monitoring of data subjects on a large scale; or(c) the core …”

Art. 13 Information to be provided where personal data are collected from the data subject Alexander Dix S. 448-457

„… meaning of certain pictures or symbols in different countries and cultures. The European Data Protection …” „… . 40.Section 2Information and access to personal dataArt. 13Information to be provided where personal …” „… data are collected from the data subject1. Where personal data relating to a data subject are collected …”

Art. 24 Responsibility of the controller Jos Dumortier and Pieter Gryffroy S. 564-579

„… compliance of a controller or processor, to build trust (with data subjects, in the market, with an SA), to …” „… referred to in paragraph 1 shall include the implementation of appropriate data protection policies by the …” „… principle in data protection regulation: origin, development and future directions’, in: D. Guagnin, L …”

Art. 9 Processing of special categories of personal data András Jóri S. 400-419

„… para. 1 lit. c avoiding verification solutions which involve excessive collection of personal data …” „… acceptable cost/benefit ratio.43 This does not just include costs for the data controller. Also from the …” „… include harmonisation of national provisions of contract law and clarifies that both data protection and …”

Art. 46 Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards Peter Schantz S. 803-822

„… (e.g. the cloud computing provider) to seek for judicial review.III. EU-US Data Privacy FrameworkIn …” „… personal data to US under a new EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF). With regard to the Principles for …” „… citizens (e.g. with regard to data retention, Sec. 2(c)(iii)(A)(2)). Clearly, E.O. 14086 endeavours to …”

Art. 65 Dispute resolution by the Board Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 959-974

„… , it is not surprising that the Comm is seeking to regulate data markets in other ways. Most of the …” „… processor and to the data subject. The final decision of the supervisory authorities concerned shall be …” „… dispute settlement procedure. This is without precedent in data protection law1 and also in the rest of EU …”

Art. 4(18) Enterprise Stefan Drewes and Sebastian Bretthauer S. 239

„… activity that process personal data are qualified as “enterprise”. This definition has certain …” „… activity” is defined as “any offering of goods and services on a given market”.5 The term is to be …”

Art. 64 Opinion of the Board Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann S. 938-958

„… dysfunctionalities can be observed in cross-border data processing, i.e. because of the lack of draft decisions by …” „… includes creation of legal remedies to enable individual supervisory authorities, but also data subjects to …” „… requirement for a data protection impact assessment pursuant to Article 35(4);(b) concerns a matter pursuant …”

Art. 5 Principles relating to processing of personal data Alexander Roßnagel and Philipp Richter S. 261-290

„… of marketplace location in Art. 3(2) or the principle of independence of data protection supervision …” „… CHAPTER IIPRINCIPLESArt. 5Principles relating to processing of personal data1. Personal data shall …” „… be:(a) processed lawfully, fairly and in a transparent manner in relation to the data subject …”

Art. 14 Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject Alexander DixInformation to be provided where personal data have not been obtained S. 458-465

„… marketing purposes. The obligation to inform the data subjects under Art. 14 is non-negotiable (→ Art. 12 …” „… Art. 14Information to be provided where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject1 …” „… . Where personal data have not been obtained from the data subject, the controller shall provide the data …”

Art. 21 Right to object Laura Carmichael, Emma Cradock and Sophie Stalla-Bourdillon S. 518-524

„… , exercise or defence of legal claims.2. Where personal data are processed for direct marketing purposes, the …” „… objects to processing for direct marketing purposes, the personal data shall no longer be processed for …” „… ., the right to object to personal data being processed for direct marketing purposes is retained – the …”

Art. 26 Joint controllers Jos Dumortier and Pieter Gryffroy S. 602-616

„… regards the exercising of the rights of the data subject and their respective duties to provide the …” „… which the controllers are subject. The arrangement may designate a contact point for data subjects.2 …” „… of the joint controllers vis-à-vis the data subjects. The essence of the arrangement shall be made …”

Art. 6(1)(f) Content personalisation Marco Almada, Juliano Maranhao, Giovanni Sartor S. 328-339

„… personalisation purposes.Personalisation has been driven by marketing, which relies on personal data – including …” „… , however, we do not address the use of personal data for marketing purposes (see → Art. 6 para. 1 lit. f …” „… Data processing for marketing purpose). We shall rather address content personalisation which is meant …”

Art. 39 Tasks of the data protection officer Stefan Drewes and Sebastian Bretthauer S. 730-735

„… that a DPO must fulfil will influence his view of the data processing which he/she must assess …” „… sufficiently independent.21 In these departments a lot of data processing operations take place and an …” „… DPO.Companies should restrain from combining compliance and data protection in one department. The position of a …”

Art. 49 Derogations for specific situations Peter Schantz S. 838-853

„… measure only serves the interests of the controller, e.g. follow-up marketing28 or a data backup in a …” „… data to a third country or an international organisation shall take place only on one of the following …” „… conditions:(a) the data subject has explicitly consented to the proposed transfer, after having been informed of …”

Art. 45 Transfers on the basis of an adequacy decision Peter Schantz S. 785-802

„… direct marketing purposes, strict rules on the processing of special categories of personal data (Art. 9 …” „… personal data to a third country or an international organisation may take place where the Commission has …” „… authorities to personal data, as well as the implementation of such legislation, data protection rules …”

Art. 22 Automated individual decision-making, including profiling Olivia Tambou S. 525-542

„… right to object is “more restricted”26 in this instance, because the data subject must provide for …” „… authority vested in the controller. A data subject is unable to object to the processing for scientific or …” „… ), this can be withdrawn by the data subject (Art. 7 para. 3).It should also be noted that Union or Member …”

Art. 6(1)(f) Credit scoring Hans-W. Micklitz and Giovanni Sartor S. 356-362

„… general right to object with the duty of offering grounds relating to the particular situation of the data …” „… invoked under Art. 6 para. 1 lit. f it also foresees a higher protection for data subjects if such legal …” „… . 3 that allows the controller to continue processing personal data under the same legitimate interest …”

Art. 6(1)(f) Video recording Domingos Farinho S. 363-375

„… ) “preventing fraud”; ii) direct marketing; iii) the transmission of “personal data within the group of …” „… dress data as the only criterion for scoring individuals’ creditworthiness, prohibited by the …” „… addressing credit scoring from a data protection perspective are either redundant or unlawful: they are …”

Art. 80 Representation of data subjects Olivia Tambou S. 1030-1035

„… Finally, the choice of the data subject will need to be articulated with the national procedural …” „… invoked. Recital 145 refers to the choice for the data subject to bring the action where he or she resides …” „… , first, a data subject without residence in the EU, but who is in the EU, and second, a controller …”

Art. 4(4) Profiling Olivia Tambou S. 158-161

„… more than the marking of information. In order to restrict the processing of personal data, other …” „… technical procedures may have to performed on the data. This is confirmed by recital 67 when it offers …” „… examples of “methods by which to restrict the processing of personal data”, such as “temporarily moving the …”

Art. 40 Codes of conduct Alexander Roßnagel and Philipp Richter S. 736-749

„… use of personal data in direct marketing, WP 77; Article 29 Data Protection Working Party, Opinion …” „… 4/2010 on the European Code of Conduct of FEDMA for the Use of Personal Data in Direct Marketing, WP 174 …” „… of European Direct Marketing”; Cf. also Art. 29 Data Protection Working Party, WP 77 and WP 174 on …”

Art. 4(8) Processor András Jóri S. 186-188

„… institutions. While the SWIFT presented itself as a data processor, its management could decide autonomously …” „… disclosing processed personal data to a third country authority.80 Therefore, in the assessment of the Art …” „… . 29 WP, the SWIFT acted as a data controller.81Art. 4(8)Processor(8) ‘Processor’ means a natural or …”

Art. 27 Representatives of controllers or processors not established in the Union Gerrit Hornung S. 617-625

„… to comply with any of the other substantial obligations of the GDPR, e.g., compliance with the data …” „… processing principles contained in Art. 5 GDPR or the data subject rights pursuant to Art. 12 to Art. 22 GDPR …” „… not include, on a large scale, processing of special categories of data as referred to in Art. 9(1) or …”

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