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Volker Stocker, Franziska Birke, Gert Brunekreeft, Hans-Jörg Weiß - Perspektiven der Netzökonomie

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Volker Stocker (ed.), Franziska Birke (ed.), Gert Brunekreeft (ed.), Hans-Jörg Weiß (ed.)

Perspektiven der Netzökonomie

Series: Freiburger Studien zur Netzökonomie

Volume 23 2023

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Patrick Zenhäusern Access regulation of non-personal data markets S. 211-231

„… Access regulation of non-personal data marketsPatrick Zenhäusern1AbstractNon-personal data like …” „… activity. Access to such data can either be unrestricted (“open data”) or restricted. If certain …” „… third-party access to this data.From an economic perspective, third-party access rights to non-personal data …”

Johannes M. Bauer Agile Regulation: Experiments in Flexible Governance S. 31-50

„… regulation, outcome-focused regulation, data-driven regulation, and experimental regulation to support …” „… , outcome-based regulation, experimental regulation, and data-driven regulation are the latest responses to these …” „… alignment problem is in discussion. Data-driven regulation seeks to link interventions closely to empirical …”

Carl Christian von Weizsäcker Geleitwort S. 5-8

„… die preußischen Eisenbahnen im 19. Jahrhundert 195Bernhard WielandAccess regulation of non-personal …” „… data markets 211Patrick ZenhäusernInhalt8 …”

Franziska Birke, Gert Brunekreeft, Volker Stocker, Hans-Jörg Weiß Einführungsbeitrag der Herausgeber S. 9-30

„… Bismarcks in der preußischen Eisenbahnpolitik eingegangen.(10) Patrick Zenhäusern: „Access Regulation of …” „… Non-personal Data Markets”In seinem Beitrag untersucht Patrick Zenhäusern Fragen bezüglich des Zugangs zu …” „… , big data and the economics of networked vehicles. Telecommunications Policy, 43(2), 171–181 …”

Manfred J. Holler, Florian Rupp Networks, Centrality, Public Good Index and the Medici S. 73-88

„… direct influence on other vertices (see Freeman, 1978), e.g., by having better access to information at …” „… marriages 1395–143414Source: Author’s representation based on data by Schoch (2017)The Ciompi revolt of 1378 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748937463

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Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz (ed.), Max-Planck-Institut für Innovation und Wettbewerb (ed.)

Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare

2021

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Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider Data access rights – A comparative perspective S. 401-438

„… rnment/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/785547/unlocking_digital_c ompetition_furman_review_web.pdf> accessed 31 August 2020. Data access …” „… t-to-the-Minister-of-Justice-under-Section-26-of-the-Privacy-Act.pdf> accessed 31 August 2020. 22 Ibid. para. 10. Data access rights – A …” „… ernet/jpc-wants-more-time-to-submit-data-bill-note/articleshow/74800912.cms> accessed 31 August 2020. Data access rights – A comparative perspective 421 While …”

Wolfgang Kerber From (horizontal and sectoral) data access solutions towards data governance systems S. 439-476

„… g/content/stellungnahmen/MPI_Statement_Public_consultation_on_Building_th e_EU_Data_Eco_28042017.pdf> accessed 31 August 2020. From (horizontal and sectoral) data access …” „… claims might be based upon already existing laws. This is different for other data access/sharing …” „… > accessed 31 August 2020; TRL, ‘Access to In-Vehicle Data and Resources – Final Report’ (2017 …”

Thomas Fetzer The constitutional framework for data access rights S. 155-174

„… The larger legal framework The constitutional framework for data access rights Thomas Fetzer …” „… Introduction Looking at data access rights from the perspective of constitutional law, three categories of …” „… constitution obliges the legislature to regulate data access rights and enact respective statutory provisions …”

Bertin Martens Data access, consumer interests and social welfare – An economic perspective on data S. 69-102

„… -driven_Agricultural _Services_A_Farmer%27s_Perspective> accessed on 31 August 2020. 9 See section B.VIII. below. Data access, consumer …” „… accessed 31 August 2020.; Acemoglu and others (n. 21). Data access, consumer …” „… ooth.edu/research/stigler/events/antitrust-competition-conference> accessed 31 August 2020. 42 Bertin Martens and Frank Mueller-Langer, ‘Access to Digital Car Data …”

Heiko Richter The law and policy of government access to private sector data (‘B2G data sharing’) S. 529-572

„… internal performance of the administration on the basis of the accessed data.32 Data access can also enable …” „… (relevant data) and how (modalities of access)? Purpose (what for?) The government’s purpose in accessing …” „… The law and policy of government access to private sector data (‘B2G data sharing’) Heiko Richter …”

Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze Enhancing access to and sharing of data: Striking the balance between openness and control over data S. 25-68

„… /10.1787/888934192129> accessed 20 January 2021. The importance of data access goes beyond the positive economic effects …” „… ers_appoint_data_insights_leaders_jennifer_belissent.pdf> accessed 31 August 2020. Enhancing access to and sharing of data 29 healthcare are at the bottom …” „… FC> accessed 31 August 2020. 48 Frischmann (n. 12) 9. Enhancing access to and sharing of data 43 data …”

Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann The legal framework for access to data from a data protection viewpoint – especially under the GDPR S. 175-208

„… makes use of the accessed data. It is clear, however, that the data subject may use the right of access …” „… The legal framework for access to data from a data protection viewpoint – especially under the GDPR …” „… ? Access to data and information1 can be paraphrased with a common saying: ‘My data is freely available for …”

Ruth Janal Data portability under the GDPR: A blueprint for access rights? S. 319-342

„… accessed 31 August 2020. Data portability under the GDPR: A blueprint for access rights? 337 on …” „… Data portability under the GDPR: A blueprint for access rights? Ruth Janal Introduction From …” „… ownership to access With the rise of industry 4.0 and the advent of Big Data, data markets and data value …”

Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker A legal framework for access to data – A competition policy perspective S. 103-154

„… . access-to-in-vehicl e-data-and-resources.pdf> accessed 15 September 2020. The authors …” „… : //ssrn.com/abstract=3545817> accessed 15 September 2020. A legal framework for access to data – A competition policy …” „… /bezos-testimony-data-antitrust/> accessed 15 September 2020. A legal framework for access to data – A competition policy …”

Michael Grünberger Data access rules: The role of contractual unfairness control of (consumer) contracts S. 253-286

„… _data_access_and_control_in_the_area_of_conn ected_devices.pdf> accessed 31 August 2020. 11 For the problems associated with the ownership of a …” „… access-seeking] party’s contribution to data generation, (2) the weight of that party’s legitimate interest in …” „… Taking stock of existing data access regimes Data access rules: The role of contractual unfairness …”

Matthias Leistner The existing European IP rights system and the data economy – An overview with particular focus on data access and portability S. 209-252

„… min/ipmpg/content/aktuelles/aus_der_forschung/beuc-x-2018-121_data_access_an d_control_in_the_area_of_connected_devices.pdf> accessed 31 August 2020 …” „… access-restricted data should be disclosed.101 In that regard, they are all but an additional barrier, such as the …” „… concerned, in regard to subsequent (commercial) use of the accessed and ported data, any such access regime …”

Josef Drexl Connected devices – An unfair competition law approach to data access rights of users S. 477-528

„… _data_access_and_control_in_the_are a_of_connected_devices.pdf> accessed 31 August 2020. This chapter builds on, and further develops …” „… > accessed 31 August 2020. Connected devices – An unfair competition law approach to data access rights of …” „… Connected devices – An unfair competition law approach to data access rights of users Josef Drexl …”

Josef Drexl Data access as a means to promote consumer interests and public welfare – An introduction S. 11-24

„… Data access as a means to promote consumer interests and public welfare – An introduction Josef …” „… is growing consensus that promoting data access will have to play a central role in this regard.1 Yet …” „… what the overall legal framework should be and how to implement data access regimes in different fields …”

Axel Metzger Access to and porting of data under contract law: Consumer protection rules and market-based principles S. 287-318

„… /16-10-20_pims_opinion_en.pdf> accessed 31 August 2020. Access to and porting of data under contract law 299 …” „… Access to and porting of data under contract law: Consumer protection rules and market-based …” „… nuanced version: Is one party under a contract obliged to grant the other party access to the data it has …”

Jörg Hoffmann Safeguarding innovation in the framework of sector-specific data access regimes: The case of digital payment services S. 343-400

„… incentives for further accessing and using data.95 Thus even though granting access to data does most likely …” „… Safeguarding innovation in the framework of sector-specific data access regimes: The case of …” „… access and sharing are enormous.1 Data-driven innovations have already transformed multiple sectors in …”

Christine Lambrecht Special Address of the Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer Protection S. 7-10

„… topic of the 2019 Consumer Law Conference – ‘Data access, consumer interests and public welfare’ – is a …” „… society, research institutions, businesses or the state – have adequate access to data. Allowing ‘data …” „… access to data, it is essential that the focus is on people and on the public good. The needs of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Innovation and Competition Nomos Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare BUT_BM_Justiz_8081-5 …” „… .indd 2 26.02.21 11:05 Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare Edited by German Federal …” „… Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare German Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748924999

Curtis J. Cardine - Carpetbagging America’s Public Schools

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Curtis J. Cardine

Carpetbagging America’s Public Schools

2017

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Addendum A Access to Source Data S. 233-234

doi.org/10.5771/9781475840216

Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods - Perspectives on Platform Regulation

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Judit Bayer (ed.), Bernd Holznagel (ed.), Päivi Korpisaari (ed.), Lorna Woods (ed.)

Perspectives on Platform Regulation

Series: Recht und Digitalisierung | Digitization and the Law

Volume 1 2021

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Juliya Kharitonova, Larissa Sannikova Social Media Users Data Access: Russian Legal Approach S. 351-364

„… Social Media Users Data Access: Russian Legal Approach Juliya Kharitonova, Larissa Sannikova …” „… media users and data processing companies. For this purpose, a legal regime for open-access personal …” „… unknown people, leaving your page fully visible only to your friends. Social Media Users Data Access …”

Jan Christopher Kalbhenn European Legislative Initiative for Very Large Communication Platforms S. 47-76

„… recommender systems and user choice for access to information n Data sharing with authorities and …” „… Researchers should be given a framework for compelling access to data from very large online platforms.57 …” „… systematic risks. The Digital Services Coordinator and Commission may also require access to data. For …”

Jörg Becker, Bernd Holznagel, Kilian Müller Interoperability of Messenger Services. Possibilities for a Consumer-Friendly Approach S. 119-144

„… can be technically executed and how it affects competition, innovativeness, data privacy, and …” „… , it could be individually selected which functionalities and data are passed on. Introducing …” „… are data processing interfaces that define the interactions between multiple software components. APIs …”

Sarah Hartmann Policy Developments in the USA to Address Platform Information Disorders S. 99-118

„… , the wording of Sec. 3 in the ACCESS Act proposal is reminiscent of the Right to Data Portability in …” „… mandating data portability and interoperability. Keywords: Platform Regulation; Disinformation; Section 230 …” „… Reform; Intermediary Liability; Local News Subsidies; Data Portability; Interoperability Introduction and …”

Lorna Woods The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms S. 329-350

„… mobility, interoperability and access to data so as to promote competition and innovation. Finally, special …” „… platforms in general and social media in particular: data protection; competition; and the online harms …” „… theme is the response, particularly of large companies, to enforcement of regulation. Keywords: data …”

Kuo-Wei Wu, Shun-Ling Chen, Poren Chiang „Open with Caution“. How Taiwan Approaches Platform Governance in the Global Market and Geopolitics S. 165-186

„… access of private platforms’ user data by the government, as what can happen in China.29 This kind of …” „… data access by the Chinese government is of particular concern for Taiwan, as it may lead to cyber …” „… /. 29 Wang Zhizheng, “Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in China”, in Bulk Collection …”

Maria L. Vazquez, Maria Carolina Herrera Rubio, Alejandro Aréchiga Morales Thoughts on the Regulation of Content on Social Media in Latin America: Authors’ Rights, Limitations and Content Filtering S. 233-260

„… region with deep economic and social inequalities. In this context, access to information and …” „… . However, though there are important differences from country to country, according to data from the …” „… Development Bank of Latin America (CAF), 38% of the region's population does not have internet access.5 Thus …”

Giovanni De Gregorio, Nicole Stremlau Platform Governance at the Periphery: Moderation, Shutdowns and Intervention S. 433-450

„… https://www.accessnow.org/cms/assets/uploads/2021/03/ KeepItOn-report-on-the-2020-data_Mar-2021_3.pdf. 42 The Organisation for Economic …” „… encouraged access to diverse information online, promoting a plurality of voices and sharing of opinions. In …” „… team of Burmese speakers to create a data set of hate and violent expressions, the international …”

Richard Janda Protecting Democratic Expression Online: Canada’s Work in Progress S. 365-414

„… user to restrict access to or availability of material that is accessible or available through its …” „… data specified in the notice belongs and inform the claimant of its forwarding.” The ISP shall also …” „… The CRTC does not regulate internet content because consumers can already control access to unsuitable …”

Peng Hwa Ang, Gerard Goggin The Regulation of Online Disinformation in Singapore S. 549-564

„… digital platforms are clearly more comfortable with Singapore’s stance on privacy and data regulation …” „… (although privacy concerns have surged with data collection and use in COVID-19 public health surveillance …” „… directions, access to the site or platform may be blocked through an “access blocking order” that is given to …”

Michael Geist Reshaping Canada’s Broadcasting Act: Solutions in Search of a Problem? S. 291-328

„… subscribers often face high data costs for accessing those services. 9. Intellectual Property Preferences …” „… Canadian content from data caps or mandate certain rules for online providers were non-starters. Second …” „… Canadians would access that programming and (3) the extent to which those models would ensure a vibrant …”

Elda Brogi, Konrad Bleyer-Simon Disinformation in the Perspective of Media Pluralism in Europe – the role of platforms S. 531-548

„… informed (relying on an increased transparency of platforms and functional data access). At the time of …” „… projects the authors are involved in. It provides a brief overview of multi-country data coming from …” „… country experts of the EU-wide Media Pluralism Monitor data collection, and describes the challenges and …”

Judit Bayer, Lorna Woods, Bernd Holznagel Introduction S. 9-22

„… Social Media Users Data Access: Russian Legal Approach 351 Juliya Kharitonova, Larissa Sannikova Content …” „… Regulation: Media Law and Data Protection Media Law Regulation of Social Networks - Country Report: Germany …” „… easy access to the internet for the general public. A rapidly growing offer of websites and services …”

Siwal Ashwini Social Media Platform Regulation in India – A Special Reference to The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 S. 215-232

„… in an increased access to the Internet across South Asia1. India has around 530 million WhatsApp …” „… Indian population is young and have recently got access to portable computing devices like smart phones …” „… all regions in country. The hi-speed data availability at very reasonable cost has further …”

Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods Conclusions: Regulatory Responses to Communication Platforms: Models and Limits S. 565-584

„… systems, additional online advertising transparency, data access, appointing compliance officers, and the …” „… themselves.7 b. Personal data: Second, platforms’ activity is driven by personal data. As a primary tool to …” „… improve their performance, they collect, aggregate and utilise data, for example in order to optimise …”

Index S. 595-601

„… access 64 f., 67–71, 112–115, 173, 340 f., 351–363 data portability 69, 99, 111–115 data protection 67 …” „… 236, 246–253, 422, 425 f., 542 f. B BBC 552 big data 173, 175 f., 201, 206 f., 282, 315, 331, 351 …” „… ., 250 f., 298–303, 475 custodial services 112 cyber bullying 82, 198, 476 cyber hate 82, 489 D data …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de ISBN 978-3-8487-8557-5 (Print …” „… ) 978-3-7489-2978-9 (ePDF) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is …” „… Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bayer, Judit | Holznagel, Bernd | Korpisaari, Päivi | Woods, Lorna …”

Maximilian Hemmert-Halswick Lessons learned from the first years with the NetzDG S. 415-432

„… and to what extent academia has been given access to information from the network provider to enable …” „… minute".28 § 5a now gives "researchers" a right to access information from social network providers about …” „… be prevented by the fact that a concept for the protection of the data received must be submitted to …”

Bernd Holznagel, Jan Christopher Kalbhenn Media Law Regulation of Social Networks - Country Report: Germany S. 261-290

„… Topic-based Regulation: Media Law and Data Protection Media Law Regulation of Social Networks …” „… digital distribution channels such as social networks have led Chapter 2. 1 Data for Germany in Bernd …” „… appropriate TV show without the involvement of personal data.12 A further risk situation that must be taken …”

Judit Bayer Rights and Duties of Online Platforms S. 23-46

„… Shimbun, with 9.1 million subscribers in the same year.15 There is no aggregated data on the reach of …” „… )(2) “any action voluntarily taken in good faith to restrict access to or availability of material …” „… States , 2021 update“. http://www .europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/653633/EXPO_STU(2021)65363 …”

Mårten Schultz Six Problems with Facebook’s Oversight Board. Not enough contract law, too much human rights. S. 145-164

„… all users with an internal access-to-justice mechanism. The scale of such a system would, of course …” „… ambitious attempt at construing a private access-to-justice function for content moderation issues in social …” „… process” discusses whether Facebook and the OB has missed an opportunity to give all Facebook users access …”

Jacob Mchangama, Natalie Alkiviadou Protecting the Freedom of Expression in an Era of “Platformization:” Paving a Road to Censorship? S. 451-472

„… Facebook Transparency Center, “Hate Speech”. https://transparency.fb.com/data …” „… the available data showed that on average Council of Europe member states used more than 775 days to …” „… social media, suggesting a positive obligation to facilitate access to information. Chapter 2. 1. Jacob …”

Izumi Aizu Digital Platform Regulation in Japan – does the soft approach work? S. 187-214

„… regard are the socio-political, economic, as well as privacy and personal data protection. In the …” „… economic concerns around the rise of global Big Tech and increased use of big data and AI drove the …” „… , Personal Data protection, Freedom of Speech, Human rights, Big Tech, Big Data, Co-regulation, Soft and hard …”

The Authors and Editors S. 585-594

„… Harvard University and a visitor at Oxford University. Ashwini Siwal holds Doctorate in Data Security Laws …” „… intelligence; privacy and data protection; digital policy. Giovanni has been Academic Fellow at Bocconi …” „… and a lecturer for copyright law, data protection law, media law and cultural law at the University of …”

Lorna Woods Introducing the Systems Approach and the Statutory Duty of Care S. 77-98

„… /attachment_data/file/650949/Internet_Safety_Strategy_green_paper.pdf. 12 Committee on Standards in Public Life …” „… purpose of acquiring data and delivering adverts, it seems the platforms rather seek to exploit our …” „… be otherwise absent and be seen by the user as a signal of appreciation, for the platforms it is data …”

Trisha Meyer, Alexandre Alaphilippe Platform (un)accountability. Reviewing Platform Responses to the Global Disinfodemic One Year Onward S. 507-530

„… Facebook-Cambridge Analytica scandal finally came to light. The temptation to harvest user data and getting in front …” „… publish two timelines, with the data organized by platform and by response type. 20 Trisha Meyer …” „… comparable data with significant additional effort but it does not offer insights into the implementation or …”

Kristiina Koivukari, Päivi Korpisaari Online Shaming - a New Challenge for Criminal Justice S. 473-488

„… , http://data.parliament.uk/DepositedPapers/Files/DEP2013 -1025/social_media_guidelines.pdf. On difficulties of having internet and social media crimes …” „… . http://data.parliament.uk/DepositedPapers/Files/DEP2013-1025/social_media_g uidelines.pdf. Emerson, Thomas I. “Toward a General Theory of the First …” „… Communications Sent Via Social Media,” June 20, 2013, accessed April 4 2021 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929789

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Hans-Holger Herrnfeld, Dominik Brodowski, Christoph Burchard

European Public Prosecutor's Office

2021

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Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 59 Right of access by the data subject S. 495-497

„… . Article 59 Right of access by the data subject The data subject shall have the right to obtain from the …” „… , and, where that is the case, access to the operational personal data and the following information: (a …” „… operational personal data concerning him/her are being processed” as well as, where applicable, access to the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 76 Authorised access to operational personal data within the EPPO S. 524-527

„… particular those that render the personal data unintelligible to any person who is not authorised to access …” „… Authorised access to operational personal data within the EPPO Only the European Chief Prosecutor, the …” „… disclosure of or access to personal data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed, which may, in particular …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 77 Designation of the Data Protection Officer S. 527-528

„… persons direct access to operational personal data. Article 76 is supplemented by Article 79(3 …” „… the DPO access to personal data processed by the EPPO. The same applies to the European Data …” „… Protection Supervisor (EDPS), who shall have access to operational personal data in accordance with Article …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 60 Limitations of the right of access S. 497-499

„… right of access 1. The EPPO may restrict, wholly or partly, the data subject's right of access to the …” „… restricting the data subject’s right of access. Paragraph 2 of Article 60 is an “implementation” of Article …” „… encompassing both, the right of “access to the operational data” and the right to certain additional …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 46 Access to the case management system S. 453-456

„… The provision of paragraph 2 does not address issues of access to the case file by other persons …” „… proceedings”. Also, Article 46 addresses only EPPO-internal access to the case file. The provision of …” „… paragraph 2[2] sentence 2, is, however, not specifically excluding access by other persons or authorities …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 45 Case files of the EPPO S. 447-453

„… (→ Article 109 mn. 3). A different issue, however, are the data subject’s possibilities to obtain access to …” „… its personal data in accordance with Article 59. Paragraph 2[2] addresses only access to the case file …” „… . 11). Finally, paragraph 5 contains a rule intended to serve the protection of personal data. It …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 79 Tasks of the data protection officer S. 528-533

„… duties shall have access to the personal data processed by the EPPO and to its premises to the extent …” „… DPO by providing necessary resources as well as access to personal data7 and processing operations and …” „… well as staff assisting him/her) has the right of “access to the personal data processed by the EPPO …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 100 Relations with Eurojust S. 583-595

„… cross-checking of data” to indirect access utilizing a “hit/no-hit system”,3 and no longer contains a provision …” „… EPPO’s CMS, see Articles 44 to 46 EPPO Regulation). The access only relates to data stored in each CMS …” „… provide for indirect access using a hit/no-hit system, the data stored in the “other” CMS is not reported …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 73 Security of processing of operational personal data S. 522-523

„… : (a) deny unauthorised persons access to data processing equipment used for processing (equipment …” „… access control); (b) prevent the unauthorised reading, copying, modification or removal of data media …” „… personal data covered by their access authorisation (data access control); (f) ensure that it is possible …”

DIRECTIVE (EU) 2017/1371 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL S. 771-798

„… – data protection Intro Art. 47–89 9 – internal access rights 46 4 f. – opening of file 45 4 ff. Case …” „… . – data protection 44 10 – index 49 8 – index of case files 44 8 – indirect access 100 21 ff., 101 36 …” „… protection 41 18 – Access to data 76 6 ff. – accuracy principle 47 8, 52 1 ff., 61 3 – administrative data …”

COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2017/1939 S. 683-771

„… , unauthorised disclosure of, or access to, personal data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed; (17 …” „… system’ means any structured set of personal data which are accessible according to specific criteria …” „… general activities, which at a minimum should contain statistical data on the work of the EPPO. (20) The …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 62 Exercise of rights by the data subject and verification by the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 504-506

„… EDPS or allow it to obtain access to data, the role of the EDPS, as further clarified in Recital 48 of …” „… place. But Article 62 will not necessarily allow the data subject to obtain information on or access to …” „… accordance with paragraph 1, may not necessarily receive more information or obtain access to data where the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 72 Prior consultation of the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 520-522

„… , implement measures designed to: (a) deny unauthorised persons access to data processing equipment used for …” „… operational personal data covered by their access authorisation (data access control); (f) ensure that it is …” „… assessment of the risks of the envisaged data processing operation, the assessment will in particular also …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 101 Relations with OLAF S. 595-611

„… must not be mistaken for search-and-seizure operations, however, as the access to such objects or data …” „… EPPO’s CMS, see Articles 44 to 46 EPPO Regulation). The access only relates to data stored in each CMS …” „… indirect access by means of a hit/no-hit system, the data stored in the “other” CMS is not reported back …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 43 Access to information by the EPPO S. 441-443

„… CHAPTER VII PROCESSING OF INFORMATION Article 43 Access to information by the EPPO 1. European …” „… specifically addressing the EPPO’s possibility of obtaining information stored in data bases and registers held …” „… enforcement data bases” of “their” Member States under the same conditions as those that apply under national …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 44 Case management system S. 443-447

„… access to CMS data or transmission of data. Paragraph 4 subparagraph 1 contains a list of components …” „… law, including, where applicable, the Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 on the processing of personal data by …” „… cross-border cases; (b) ensure secure access to information on investigations and prosecutions at the Central …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 66 Processing under the authority of the controller or processor S. 512-513

„… access to operational personal data, shall not process those data except on instructions from the EPPO …” „… structures of the EPPO, who has been granted access to operational personal data processed by the EPPO (cf …” „… controller, to whom the EPPO has transmitted the personal data or given access to it in accordance with the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 65 Processor S. 510-512

„… or of the processor, who has access to operational personal data, shall not process those data except …” „… these persons have “access to operational personal data”. The obligation of the processor to process …” „… access to operational personal data processed by the EPPO (cf. Article 76). The provision also applies to …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 58 Information to be made available or given to the data subject S. 492-495

„… EPPO access to and rectification or erasure of operational personal data and restriction of processing …” „… obliged to reveal, the data subject may exercise its rights through the EDPS. Article 59 Right of access …” „… case, access to the operational personal data and the following information: (a) the purposes of and …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 75 Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject S. 523-524

„… Authorised access to operational personal data within the EPPO Only the European Chief Prosecutor, the …” „… reported (reliability) and that stored operational personal data cannot be corrupted by means of a …” „… malfunctioning of the system (integrity). Article 74 Notification of a personal data breach to the European Data …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Introduction to Chapter VIII (Articles 47 to 89) S. 456-461

„… legislative measures restricting […] the data subject’s rights of access […]” (Article 15(1) DPD), the EU …” „… ) DPD by determining that the EPPO may indeed restrict the data subject’s right of access. As will be …” „… criteria for deciding when access to personal data may be denied to the data subject (→ Article 60 mn. 2 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… data subject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 58 492 Right of access by the data …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 75 523 Authorised access to operational personal data within the EPPO …” „… , reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 89 Right to judicial review against the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 546-550

„… EDPS shall “have access to the operational personal data processed by the EPPO and to its premises …” „… arise whether the EDPS’s right of access also applies to any operational personal data processed by the …” „… 2. In the cases referred to in paragraph 1, the European Data Protection Supervisor and the …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 109 Transparency S. 650-652

„… Article 45(2)[2] sentence 2, → Article 45 mn. 11 ff.) and the right of access by the data subject …” „… 1049/2001 on Access to Documents’ (2006) 43 CMLR, 735; Herke Kranenborg, ‘Access to documents and data …” „… must disclose to a third party (for example, by granting access to the case file in accordance with …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 80 General principles for transfers of operational personal data S. 533-534

„… the EPPO’s Central Office) access to the offices of the EDPs, considering them as well to be “premises …” „… answer may depend on whether such access can be considered “necessary for the performance of their tasks …” „… Article 85. [SECTION 6] [Transfers of personal data to third countries or international organisations]1 …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 63 Obligations of the EPPO S. 506-508

„… access to data where the EPPO had restricted information or access but may receive merely a confirmation …” „… will also not be obliged to inform the data subject in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 62 …” „… obligation of the EPPO under the second subparagraph of Article 60(2), to inform the data subject of the …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 108 Confidentiality and professional secrecy S. 648-650

„… access by the data subject (Articles 59 f.). The wording of the provision gives precedence to include all …” „… refers, from an objective viewpoint, on information (documents, data, etc.) that must not be disclosed …” „… personal data, Article 48). The case file (Article 45), although “managed by the handling European …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 42 Judicial review S. 400-441

„… EPPO that affect the data subjects' rights under Chapter VIII and of decisions of the EPPO which are …” „… not procedural acts, such as decisions of the EPPO concerning the right of public access to documents …” „… )) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 5. Disputes concerning data subjects’ rights and administrative decisions of the EPPO (Article …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 102 Relations with Europol S. 611-616

„… not extend the EPPO’s access to data compared to the “direct” obtaining of data from national …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 III. Information sharing by Europol and Europol’s information and data protection regime …” „… powers to share personal data. In contrast to the provisions relating to Eurojust (Article 100(3 …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 49 Processing of operational personal data S. 471-477

„… particular with respect to access to and the use of the data, as well as time-limits for the storage and …” „… subject (Article 58), on granting access to the data subject (Articles 59 and 60) or on informing the data …” „… referring to Regulation (EU) 2018/1725, applies to the processing of administrative personal data, while all …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 78 Position of the Data Protection Officer S. 528

„… other official duties, in particular in relation to the application of this Regulation. 4. The Data …” „… maximum total term of 8 years. The Officer may be dismissed from the post of Data Protection Officer by …” „… the College only with the agreement of the European Data Protection Supervisor, if the Officer no …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 86 Professional secrecy of the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 545

„… brought before the Court of Justice. 4. The European Data Protection Supervisor shall have access to the …” „… matters concerning the processing of operational personal data, in particular before it draws up internal …” „… operational personal data. 3. The European Data Protection Supervisor may under this Regulation: (a) give …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 41 Scope of the rights of the suspects and accused persons S. 382-400

„… information and access to the case materials, as provided for in Directive 2012/13/EU; (c) the right of access …” „… and translation (Directive 2010/64/EU) . . . . . . . . . 36 b) Right to information and access to the …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 c) Right of access to a lawyer and the right to communicate with and have third persons informed …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 87 Cooperation between the European Data Protection Supervisor and national supervisory authorities S. 545-546

„… brought before the Court of Justice. 4. The European Data Protection Supervisor shall have access to the …” „… matters concerning the processing of operational personal data, in particular before it draws up internal …” „… operational personal data. 3. The European Data Protection Supervisor may under this Regulation: (a) give …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 85 Supervision by the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 544-545

„… Supervisor shall have access to the operational personal data processed by the EPPO and to its premises to …” „… transfers operational personal data not to a “competent authority” but to a private person such as a service …” „… provider. [SECTION 7] [Tasks of the European Data Protection Supervisor]1 Article 85 Supervision by the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 98 Seconded national experts and other staff S. 577-579

„… determine whether SNE and such “other person” may have access to operational personal data (→ Article 76 mn …” „… Article 108(1), could be. Whether SNEs or such “other persons” may have access to the CMS will have to be …” „… data nor have legally binding effects on the Union or its Member States. Relevant Recitals: 100, 101 …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 55 Processing of special categories of operational personal data S. 487-488

„… secure the data collected adequately, stricter rules on the access of staff of the competent authority to …” „… of special categories of operational personal data 1. Processing of operational personal data …” „… membership, and the processing of genetic data, biometric data for the purpose of uniquely identifying a …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 47 Principles relating to processing of personal data S. 461-470

„… (Authorized access to operational personal data within the EPPO), Article 74 (Notification of a personal data …” „… ticle 42(8)). Data subjects thus may seek judicial review in accordance with and under the …” „… (→ Article 42 mn. 66). A different issue is the possibility for the data subject to seek judicial review …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 29 Lifting privileges or immunities S. 261-268

„… also affect the access to property, assets, and communication (including data). Same as immunities …” „… . 9 See, comprehensively, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/IDAN/2014/509981/IPOL_ID A …” „… and their lawyer in the exercise of the right of access to a lawyer provided for under this Directive …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 21 Internal rules of procedure of the EPPO S. 138-144

„… IBOAs to “elaborate” on “specific provisions regarding access to its documents”, but only in conformity …” „… of access to documents (Article 15(3)[2] TFEU). 6 On the requirement of a clear basis in primary or …” „… access to the case management system is to be specified more detailed in the internal rules of procedure …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 118 Review of the rules relating to the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the EPPO S. 671-672

„… be empowered to access the information, e.g. on the Internet. Based on a systematic interpretation …” „… protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the EPPO In the context of …” „… persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the EPPO laid down in this Regulation. The …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 56 Automated individual decision-making, including profiling S. 488-490

„… secure the data collected adequately, stricter rules on the access of staff of the competent authority to …” „… processing to the data subject in a concise, intelligible and easily accessible form, using clear and plain …” „… investigations presumably means that the EPPO would not be allowed to transmit any such sensitive data to other …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 57 Communication and modalities for exercising the rights of the data subject S. 490-492

„… data subject in a concise, intelligible and easily accessible form, using clear and plain language. The …” „… of the data subject]1 Article 57 Communication and modalities for exercising the rights of the data …” „… facilitate the exercise of the rights of the data subject under Articles 58 to 62. 3. The EPPO shall inform …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 53 Specific processing conditions S. 483-485

„… requirement to consult the EPPO before an information or access is given to the data subject (Article 58(2 …” „… data to be “rectified or erased” or its processing to be “restricted” – in either case “in accordance …” „… the EPPO but – the recipient of personal data who has been notified by the EPPO in accordance with the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 52 Distinction between operational personal data and verification of quality of personal data S. 481-483

„… data “available” other than by way of transmission, such as e.g. where the EPPO grants (limited) access …” „… Article 52 Distinction between operational personal data and verification of quality of personal …” „… data 1. The EPPO shall distinguish, as far as possible, operational personal data based on facts from …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 103 Relations with other institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union S. 616-621

„… (→ Article 101), not involved in law enforcement operations, has no specific access to relevant data or …” „… to transfer information, including personal data, for analysis by Europol, and to receive the …” „… analysis (including personal data) by Europol. D. Assessment In light of their partially overlapping tasks …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 111 Rules on the protection of sensitive non-classified and classified information S. 654-655

„… generic standard of data protection stemming from the provisions on protecting personal data (Article 47 …” „… victims. It is not, however, equivalent with “sensitive data” relating to special categories of personal …” „… data according to Article 55 of the Regulation or of the GDPR (Recital 10 GDPR2). For the creation and …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 112 Administrative inquiries S. 655-656

„… victims. It is not, however, equivalent with “sensitive data” relating to special categories of personal …” „… data according to Article 55 of the Regulation or of the GDPR (Recital 10 GDPR2). For the creation and …” „… )), and for access to the EPPO’s CMS, Article 46 sets out more specific standards. Therefore, generally …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 61 Right to rectification or erasure of operational personal data and restriction of data processing S. 499-504

„… not reveal to the data subject whether or not operational personal data concerning him/her are …” „… its reply, also inform the data subject of the possibility to lodge a complaint with the EDPS (cf …” „… Article 42(8) (→ Article 42 mn. 64). Should the EPPO fail to provide a reply to the data subject in …”

Christoph Burchard Article 2 Definitions S. 11-17

„… , unauthorised disclosure of, or access to, personal data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed; (17 …” „… processing of data). The rules set out in the Regulation form part of secondary Union law, which needs to be …” „… data’ means any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person (‘data subject …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 117 Notifications S. 667-671

„… in Article 87 are already determined on the basis of the EU data protection framework and therefore …” „… that the general public should be empowered to access the information, e.g. on the Internet. Based on a …” „… data by the EPPO In the context of the adaptation of Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 in accordance with …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 24 Reporting, registration and verification of information S. 178-195

„… access to national criminal investigation and law enforcement databases (cf. Article 43(1)), such as …” „… . These may include access to information such as from databases and registers which are kept by national …” „… national procedural law when transferring operational personal data). This would apply in cases where the …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 110 OLAF and the Court of Auditors S. 652-654

„… ) No 1049/2001. Paragraph 3 merely contains a clarification on the available remedies in case access to …” „… ), → Article 99 mn. 8), even beyond the generic standard of data protection stemming from the provisions on …” „… protecting personal data (Article 47 ff.); however, there is a need to balance the secrecy with the goal of …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 40 Simplified prosecution procedures S. 371-382

„… paragraph 4 sentence 2 does not grant access to the case file; instead, the data protection provisions and …” „… national law; in the former cases, data protection provisions may limit the information which may be shared …” „… Directive 2010/64/EU; (b) the right to information and access to the case materials, as provided for in …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 104 Relations with third countries and international organisations S. 621-635

„… , defer decisions on (future) distribution of funds, and/or block the suspect’s access to the premises of …” „… (infra → mn. 28 ff.). Any transfer of personal data to third countries and international organisations …” „… its Member States and that they cannot provide a legal basis for the exchange of personal data (see …”

Christoph Burchard Article 9 The College S. 64-74

„… obligations of the European Delegated Prosecutors; detailed rules on public access to documents and on data …” „… dismissal of Data Protection Officer); – Articles 21(2) and (3), 49(4), 92(1) and (7), 95, 96(3) and (4 …” „… protection and the Data Protection Officer); – Article 24(10), 27(8), 34(3), 40(2) (adoption of general …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 39 Dismissal of the case S. 356-371

„… paragraph 4 sentence 2 does not grant access to the case file; instead, the data protection provisions and …” „… context to all statements, data, documents, findings and other material which may, according to national …” „… law; in the former cases, data protection provisions may limit the information which may be shared …”

Christoph Burchard Article 5 Basic principles of the activities S. 20-32

„… constitutional Union standard for national laws governing access to defence counsel in the EPPO context; the …” „… of personal data (Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter; this becomes relevant inter alia as regards house …” „… the seizure of documents or data); the right to property (Article 17 of the Charter; this becomes …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 26 Initiation of investigations and allocation of competences within the EPPO S. 213-234

„… 3 4 the Member States” (Article 24(9)). These may also include access to information such as from …” „… “inform the competent national authorities” by way of introducing relevant caserelated data into a …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 67 Data protection by design and by default S. 513-514

„… that by default operational personal data are not made accessible without the individual's intervention …” „… Article 67 Data protection by design and by default 1. The EPPO shall, taking into account the …” „… pseudonymisation, which are designed to implement data protection principles, such as data minimisation, in an …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 68 Records of categories of processing activities S. 514-516

„… last sentence of paragraph 2 (data not to be “made accessible without the individual’s intervention to …” „… data are processed, which are “adequate, relevant and not excessive in relation to the purpose of the …” „… data are processed, “which are necessary for each specific purpose of the processing”. The requirement …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 7 Reporting S. 37-41

„… data. The European Chief Prosecutor may be replaced by one of the Deputy European Chief Prosecutors for …” „… mn. 18), nor with the annual reports of the Data Protection Officer (Article 79(1)(i)) and of the …” „… European Data Protection Supervisor (Article 85(5), → Article 85–89 mn. 6). Instead, a first hint on its …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 120 Entry into force S. 676-683

„… investigatory powers (Articles 28 ff.) and outgoing (infra → mn. 12) exchanges of operational data are also …” „… time being, from the outgoing (infra → mn. 12) exchange of operational data. As one of the legal …” „… ]) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 IV. Subsequent participation, withdrawal, and accession (Article 120(2)[4]) . . . . 16 C …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 107 Language arrangements S. 646-648

„… , data, etc.) that must not be disclosed (in particular in the interests of the EPPO). Professional …” „… accession of the Republic of Croatia, L 158, 10.6.2013, 1. Art. 107 CHAPTER XI GENERAL PROVISIONS 646 …”

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