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J. E. Sumerau - The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Transgender Studies

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J. E. Sumerau (ed.)

The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Transgender Studies

2023

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4. Intersectionality, Trans People, and the Criminal Justice System S. 39-52

„… 39C H A P T E R 4Intersectionality, Trans People, and the Criminal Justice SystemSarah A …” „… dis-parity of trans youth in the juvenile justice system and, later, the criminal justice system.Within the …” „… understanding trans people’s experiences with the criminal justice system. Intersectionality allows us to …”

Index S. 173-180

„… military service, 61–62Cox, Laverne, 153, 166creativity, 14criminal justice system, 39; Farmer v. Brennan …” „… , 69–70, 72housing: criminal justice system decisions on, 41; in Southeastern United States, 113–14Houston …” „… intersectionality, 39; criminal justice system and, 47–48; in criminology, 44; geographic location and, 45–46; in …”

8. Fires of Aliaxa: A Sankofic Essay on Transmasculinity, Race, and Health S. 99-110

„… with schizophrenia late in life, after getting caught up in the criminal legal system for jumping …” „… , some of these disadvantages—particularly ones with the healthcare system—are fostered by the …” „… care and criminal legal systems. The third occurred at the end of graduate school as I embraced my …”

Preface

„… . Intersectionality, Trans People, and the Criminal Justice System 39Sarah E. Rogers 5. Policy Whiplash: Transgender …” „… by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without …”

9. A Call for Resources and Protection: Trans Lives in the Southeastern United States S. 111-124

„… criminal justice system. Moreover, trans people who deal with homelessness are two and a half times more …” „… .” Current Issues in Criminal Justice 29, no. 2: 167–80.Barbee, Harry, and Douglas Schrock. 2019 …” „… York: Hachette.Asquith, Nicole L., Angela Dwyer, and Paul Simpson. 2017. “A Queer Criminal Career …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538136027

Ronald L. Morris - The Dark Side of the Criminal Justice System

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Ronald L. Morris

The Dark Side of the Criminal Justice System

2022

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Chapter 8: Results of the Harlem Survey: (on the American Criminal Justice System) S. 225-238

doi.org/10.5771/9781793613202

Henning Glaser - Constitutional Jurisprudence

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Henning Glaser (ed.)

Constitutional Jurisprudence

Series: CPG Series of Comparative Constitutional Law, Politics and Governance

Volume 3 2016

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Byung-Sun Cho The Impact of the Constitutional Court on the Criminal Justice System in South Korea – Criminal Justice Practice Before and After 1987 S. 305-322

„… 305 The Impact of the Constitutional Court on the Criminal Justice System in South Korea …” „… law-making process within its criminal justice system. It will cover the paradigm shift in the criminal …” „… the surrounding obstacles hindering its rightful function as a criminal justice system with …”

Robert Esser Independence and Impartiality of Courts – Human Rights Standards: Reflections on European Union Law, the Jurisprudence of the ECtHR and the “soft law” of the Council of Europe S. 89-122

„… ): Allegations of politically motivated abuses of the criminal justice system in Council of Europe member …” „… number of civil and criminal legal matters affect more than one national legal system. However, the …” „… criminal and civil law. The judges of the Federal Court of Justice are chosen jointly by the Federal …”

Javier García Roca New Challenges of the Spanish Constitutional Jurisdiction and Judicial Communication S. 151-178

„… constitutional justices,27 from a comparative approach, until a more refined system that actually assures the …” „… bodies in the United Nations system, as well as other recognised international authorities. (§ 9º, the …” „… produced a stock of unsolved applications, retarding the entire system.15 Citizen’s di …”

Bartosz Makowicz The Constitutionalization of Polish Law Through the Jurisdiction of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal S. 201-214

„… of Polish legal culture. To fully understand the value system of modernday Polish legal culture as …” „… the Sejm and the upper one is the Senat. 4 See Adamczyk, in Konstytucyjny system władz publicznych …” „… historical circumstances should again be taken into consideration when assessing this system. On the one …”

Henning Glaser Constitutional Jurisprudence – On the Function, Impacts, and Challenges of Constitutional Courts S. 11-50

„… justices resorting to criminal law in form of contempt of court against politicians. In all these cases …” „… , the justice’s term of office with two basic models available, the ‘termed’ and the ‘tenured’ system …” „… , especially in transitional constitutional systems the selection of justices easily becomes a turbulent and …”

Yasuo Hasebe Constitutional Adjudications of the Supreme Court of Japan S. 237-258

„… authority in the US Constitution. The Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice (Chōkan) and fourteen …” „… Associate Justices. The Chief Justice is appointed by the Emperor (Ten-nō) as recommended by the Cabinet, 2 …” „… and other Justices are appointed by the Cabinet. 3 Since the 1960s, a convention has been …”

Mirosław Wyrzykowski 10 Lessons in Constitutional Resilience S. 123-150

„… in front of TV cameras, the Minster of Justice called for disciplinary proceedings to be instituted …” „… Minster of Justice. Both statements were not unfounded. The President and the Prime Minister, however …” „… main difficulty lay in the disposition of the leading party in the Parliament (Law and Justice Party …”

Heru Susetyo The Indonesian Constitutional Court Between Judicial Activism and Judicial Terrorism S. 323-344

„… through a checks and balances mechanism in the constitutional system. This mechanism may also overcome …” „… the gap between the lack of sense of justice in society and the practice of an authoritarian regime …” „… a presidential system where the President has an equal position vis-a-vis the Parliament (House of …”

Ingwer Ebsen Constitutional Jurisdiction – Functions and Operational Conditions of a Court Controlling the Constitutionality of State Action in a Democratic Constitutional State S. 67-88

„… are members of the “World Conference on Constitutional Justice” (WCCJ) which is an association of …” „… courts and court-like bodies exercising constitutional justice and devoted to promoting this idea.1 What …” „… is constitutional justice? We can speak of constitutional jurisdiction, if courts have the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Court on the Criminal Justice System in South Korea – Criminal Justice Practice Before and After 1987 …” „… retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Under § 54 of the German …” „… fact that besides a number of distinguished scholars, also justices and former justices from three …”

Jong-ik Chon The South Korean Constitutional Court: Defending the Freedom of Expression in Cyberspace S. 289-304

„… an independent Constitutional Court system, and it also followed with a democratization movement …” „… strictest level of review. The next level is the case related with criminal law or tax law. Especially …” „… clearly the criminal offenses and their penalties. The level becomes lower in other laws that restrict …”

Jau-Yuan Hwang Evolution of Taiwan’s Constitutional Court from 1948 to 2014: Emergence of an Active but Divided Court S. 259-280

„… Guardian of Human Rights, as claimed by its Grand Justices and many constitutional lawyers.2 However, its …” „… transformation since its creation in 1948. In October 2003, a new group of 15 Grand Justices took office under …” „… the 1997 Constitutional Amendments, which reduced the number of Grand Justices from 17 to 15 and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845247373

Kai Ambos, José Martínez - Göttingen Handbook on Latin American Public Law and Criminal Justice

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Kai Ambos (ed.), José Martínez (ed.)

Göttingen Handbook on Latin American Public Law and Criminal Justice

2023

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Astrid Liliana Sánchez-Mejía Gender and the criminal justice system: Comparing forcible rape law in Colombia and Chile S. 605-630

„… Gender and the criminal justice system: Comparing forcible rapelaw in Colombia and ChileAstrid …” „… transformation of the transferred legalGender and the criminal justice system6077useful starting point for …” „… 2017.Gender and the criminal justice system609111213the 1990s. They engaged with new international …”

Kai Ambos, Susann Aboueldahab Criminal Justice and Impunity in Latin America S. 585-604

„… improvedprosecutorial system. These reforms opened the door to institutionallystrengthen criminal justice systems and …” „… a part of the criminal justice system nor were the functions ofthe prosecution and the court clearly …” „… justice began takingplace in Latin America.2 The criminal justice system that had existed upto this point …”

Susann Aboueldahab, María Camila Correa Flórez Sexual violence in armed conflict and transitional (criminal) justice: The Colombian case S. 457-478

„… than the ordinary criminal justice system.Nevertheless, these mechanisms are not perfect and …” „… trans‐itional criminal justice systems.Our analysis proceeds as follows: First, we give an overview of the …” „… se but wasintegrated into the ordinary criminal justice system through the creation ofthe so-called …”

Kai Ambos, Gustavo Urquizo Prosecution of international crimes in Latin America S. 759-774

„… assessing the genuineness ofcommitments to the international criminal justice systemAlthough the …” „… na‐tional and international levels of the international criminal justice system.The interaction between …” „… successful path toward a robustdomestic criminal justice system.III. ConclusionThis brief study has …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-30

„… Sánchez-MejíaGender and the criminal justice system: Comparing forcible rapelaw in Colombia and Chile 605Hernán Darío …” „… Göttingen Handbook on Latin American Public Law and Criminal Justice Kai Ambos | José Martínez …” „… 281Laura CléricoProportionality and criminal law in the Interamerican-System 303Gustavo Emilio Cote …”

Cristian Riego The expansion of plea bargaining in Chile S. 543-556

„… to the US criminal justice system, being the jurisdictionthat has led the general trend toward the …” „… Congress to improve the perfor‐mance of the criminal justice system when dealing with …” „… as a system that has been successful in implementingan important criminal justice reform. Different …”

Mauricio Duce J., Claudio Fuentes M. Trials and trial by jury in Latin America S. 517-542

„… discussion was the general acceptanceof the fact that resources are limited and no criminal justice system in …” „… implementingdifferent forms of a jury system was not part of the basic programme ofthe criminal justice reform process …” „… the criminal justice reform process and efforts to improve theaccusatory system operating in Argentina …”

Alejandro Agüero Latin American Criminal Law: A Historical Perspective S. 255-280

„… process of criminal justice in Latin Americathat is associated with the enactment of various national …” „… criminal justice and de facto repressive practices are alsoconsidered in this section. The essay concludes …” „… criminal justice, a process that is nolonger construed as one of improving guarantees but as a response to …”

Jean Pierre Matus Acuña Penal populism S. 649-658

„… the various ministriesand agencies of the criminal justice system and academia dedicated to thesubject …” „… powers of the Platonic Guardians over thecriminal justice system"also entail specific distributions—or …” „… thatcriticizes, at the same time, the existing criminal populism and proposes avision of the penal system where …”

Gustavo Emilio Cote Barco The Principle of Legality of Crimes in Colombia and Germany: Difference in Similarity? S. 325-348

„… of legalityin German criminal law. The aim insofar is to offer a comparison betweenColombia’s system …” „… blanco’: criminal offences with normative elements definedin other areas of the legal system.16 The …” „… teleological interpretation, the Colombian SupremeCourt of Justice has reduced the scope of some criminal …”

Hernán Darío Orozco López Social exclusion and criminal law S. 631-648

„… justice system.32According to the position defended here, it is not possible to legitimatelyimpose a …” „… System of Truth, Justice, Reparation and Non-Repetition established by the FinalPeace Agreement between …” „… Social exclusion and criminal lawHernán Darío Orozco López*AbstractThis essay deals with the …”

Luis G. González Alvo, Jorge A. Núñez Latin American prisons throughout history S. 661-686

„… to the selectivity characteristic of the criminal system,suggesting its minimal application in …” „… , they continued to administer criminal justice under the forms in‐herited from Iberian legal culture …” „… penitentiaries wasa part of a set of liberal principles regarding criminal justice and wereendeavours that had …”

Federico Montero Post-offence Conduct and Deserved Mitigation: Confession as a Funcitonal Equivalent of Retributive Punishment S. 557-584

„… et al. (eds.), Core Concepts inCriminal Law and Criminal Justice, v. II (CUP, 2022), p. 260–346.6 H …” „… .), Core Concepts in Criminal Law and CriminalJustice, v. II (CUP, 2022), p. 260–346.26 J. Hauer …” „… Sta‐tes’, in: K. Ambos and others (eds.), Core Concepts in Criminal Law and CriminalJustice, v. II (CUP …”

Leandro Dias, Marcelo Lerman Criminal Liability for Omissions in Latin America S. 393-414

„… Criminal Law and Criminal Justice (CUP2020) 17 ff.5 See Kai Ambos, ‘Toward a Universal System of Crime …” „… discussion is taking place using the concepts (or ‘system’) regardingcrime developed by German criminal law …” „… Conceptsin Criminal Law and Criminal Justice (CUP 2020) 20 ff.12 For the Latin American discussion, see …”

Figari Layús Engendering Transitional Justice in Latin America: the long road of gender inclusion S. 833-855

„… Africa and Germany. Baden-Baden: Nomos: 2021)25.28 J. Boesten,´Transformative gender justice: criminal …” „… , 91.33 Boesten,´Transformative gender justice: criminal proceedings for conflict-related sex‐ual violence …” „… justice: criminal proceedings for conflict-related sexu‐al violence in Guatemala and Peru, (Australian …”

Orlando De-La-Vega Crimes against property and net wealth in the Colombian Penal Code S. 479-494

„… essay strives to answer three questions still open to the Colombianlegal doctrine of criminal law …” „… wealth as different objectsprotected by criminal law, which makes it possible to identify legal …” „… organised as a conceptually related group or1 George P Fletcher, Rethinking Criminal Law (Little, Brown and …”

Natalia Ruiz Morato Limited statehood in Latin America: The rights of rural populations S. 231-250

„… incorporatedthe Inter-American human rights system into their legal systems as a supe‐rior norm and accepted the …” „… described above, in the national constitutional systems and the Inter-American human rights system there is …” „… Rights System.The Colombian case has a progressive constitution in terms of indige‐nous rights and …”

Manuel J. Ventura, Ezequiel Heffes ‘Genocide’ Against Political Groups in Latin America in light of the Travaux Préparatoires of the Genocide Convention (1948): The Case of Argentina S. 735-758

„… first criminal prosecution in Argentina sincethe Supreme Court of Justice declared as unconstitutional …” „… Law: A Defining Moment or a Moment of Defining?’ (2011) 9 Journalof International Criminal Justice …” „… was notintended to change the group’s attitude towards the new political system,but rather to destroy …”

Alonso Gurmendi Dunkelberg The Inter-American Human Rights System S. 709-734

„… The Inter-American Human Rights SystemAlonso Gurmendi DunkelbergAbstractThis chapter examines the …” „… practical reasons this essay focuses on the system’s relationship withdomestic jurisdictions, specifically …” „… tribunalsin the world. Reviewing how this system’s fundamental case law has beenconstructed and implemented …”

Bernd Marquardt Lines of Development of the Modern Constitutional State in Hispanic America since 1810 S. 33-60

„… system with a strong parliament andexecutive power. Fifthly, the transfer of legitimacy from God and King …” „… secularisation of criminal law through proceduralguarantees.Many presidents of this period from 1810 to 1847 …” „… were not eager to burden themselves with aprofoundly impactful tax system. In the face of tax …”

Faustino García de la Torre García Criminal law and constitution S. 281-302

„… criminal lawis employed as a system of protection in a broad sense, for the recovery of9 Massimo Donini …” „… that a constitution plays in a criminal law system comesfrom its higher (formal) legal status, being …” „… function that constitutional law exercises in connectionwith a criminal law system results less evident …”

David E. Llinás-Alfaro Mother Earth rights in Latin America and the integration of traditional indigenous thinking into Cosmopolitan Constitutionalism S. 805-832

„… defendingtheir political and economic interests rather than the capitalist world sys‐tem, manage to be a real …” „… to guarantee socioeconomic securityand justice against the risks of impoverishment and …” „… originated from the indigenouspressure against multinationals. For example, on 30 March 2011, the Crim‐inal …”

Juan Pablo Pampillo Baliño Constitutionalism and constitutional change in Latin America: accomplishments and challenges S. 109-172

„… . Moreover, it still suffers from the absence of a truly constitution‐al justice system, not to mention the …” „… Americ‐an), including the important Inter-American Human Rights System(IAHRS), giving rise to a certain …” „… strength‐ening of democratic institutions, (ii) the establishment of mixed constitu‐tional justice systems …”

Laura Clérico Proportionality and criminal law in the Interamerican-System S. 303-324

„… Proportionality and criminal law in the Interamerican-System*Laura CléricoAbstractThis essay aims …” „… criminal law in the Interamerican-System3055678goes beyond the structure of proportionality, but this …” „… Emmanouil Billis, Nandor Knust, Jon Petter Rui (eds.) Proportionality inCrime Control and Criminal Justice …”

Leo Zaibert The Justifications of Punishment S. 349-368

„… , Punishment, and Criminal Justice, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press (2021).Leo Zaibert3582021abolitionists …” „… confines of criminal law theory. But I will also emphasizehere one particular tradition – the …” „… non-Anglo-American criminal law theorists according to whichAnglo-American contributions to penal theory are …”

José Luis Guzmán Dalbora The Crime of Bribery in Ibero-America: A comparative synopsis S. 495-514

„… perfectionism wherebynothing escapes the grip of criminal justice, has resulted in intemperancewhen inserting …” „… officials as a crime. The analysis ofsix criminal codes from the sample group of countries provides some …” „… comparative study aims to examine the crime of bribery in the crimi‐nal codes of Argentina, Brazil, Colombia …”

Alejandro Chehtman Gender Bias in Justification of Lethal Force in Latin America S. 415-436

„… hardlyisolated instances of how the criminal justice systems in Latin America ap‐proach defensive violence …” „… the region to security andarmed forces facing organized criminal violence. I show that women whoare …” „… criminal law, thelatter by the laws of armed conflict. They capture very different social andpolitical …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748920717

Sabine Kuhlmann - Politik- und Verwaltungsreform in Kontinentaleuropa

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Sabine Kuhlmann

Politik- und Verwaltungsreform in Kontinentaleuropa

Series: Staatslehre und politische Verwaltung

Volume 14 2008

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Systems and Methods of Criminal Justice S. 15-17

„… Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales. Harlow, Longman, p. 12. 16 Analysing the …” „… Systems of Criminal Justice 1. Systems and Methods of Criminal Justice First of all, I will delineate the …” „… beginning in medieval times, many countries provided for proper in-quisitorial systems of criminal justice …”

Bibliography S. 71-80

„… Jus-tice System in England and Wales. London, Longman. – (2005). Criminal Justice: An Introduction to the …” „… Criminal Justice System in England and Wales. Harlow, Longman. Dervieux, V. (2005). "The French System", in …” „… German Criminal Justice System: The Trial Phase – Appellate and Review Pro-ceedings", in The American …”

The Common Distinction between Pre-Trial and Trial Proceedings . S. 17-18

„… Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales. Harlow, Longman, p. 12. 16 Analysing the …” „… Trial Proceedings These primal systems of criminal justice entered into interpenetration over the …” „… adversarial "methods" of criminal justice still today.20 Other systematic elements of criminal justice, like …”

Concluding Remarks: Overall Comparative Cross-Section on Judicial Decisions in the Pre-Trial Phase of Criminal Proceedings S. 64-66

„… French criminal justice system. The resulting recommen-dations provide for a nominal abolition of the …” „… , may well be served within a system of criminal justice that allows recognising traditional adversarial …” „… Criminal Justice Systems. A Survey. Cincinnati, Anderson, pp. 43 et seq. 7 Jackson, J. (1996). "Judicial …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Systems of Criminal Justice . . . . . . . . 15 1. Systems and Methods of Criminal Justice …” „… Universal Concept of Criminal Justice — Justifying International Guarantees and Standards of Criminal …” „… Accountability and Contractual Concepts of Criminal Justice …”

Direct Guarantees S. 19-23

„… order of the ICC reflects the struggle between different national systems of criminal justice …” „… criminal justice remains exceedingly important.26 Those constitute the only reference points in our …” „… widespread application jus-tifies it as one of the guiding principles of international criminal justice. b …”

The ICC: Prosecutorial Inquiry and the Authority of the Pre-Trial Chambers to Initiate Actual Investigations in Case of Proprio Motu Action S. 30-33

„… formative for every judicial role in the French criminal justice system:66 the magistrat is soci-ety …” „… The 35 White, R. C. A. (2002). "The Structure and Organization of Criminal Justice in England and …” „… Wales: An Overview", in McConville, M. & Wilson, G. (eds.) The Handbook of the Criminal Justice Process …”

The Historical-Systematic Characteristic: Modified Inquisitorial Method and the Investigating, Prosecuting, and Adjudicating Functions of State Authority S. 33-34

„… formative for every judicial role in the French criminal justice system:66 the magistrat is soci-ety …” „… inquisitorial method of criminal justice make the shown normative or factual exceptions, but these do not change …” „… , there are, indeed, judicial decisions in French criminal justice with initiating characteristics. One …”

Germany: Continuing Strong Judicial Powers When Scrutinizing the Indictment in the "Zwischenverfahren" S. 46-50

„… . (1981). "The German Criminal Justice System: The Trial Phase – Appellate and Review Proceedings", in The …” „… Law (eds.), The Criminal Justice System of the Federal Republic of Germany. Toulouse, érès, pp. 65-95 …” „… adversarial method applied in the English criminal jus-tice system, where traditionally legal action even in …”

France: The Examining Magistrate’s Dependence on Other Investigating Bodies in the Initiation of the Criminal Process S. 25-28

„… guarantees of criminal justice do not occur in this early stage, however. I. France: The Examining …” „… Inquisitorial elements of criminal justice in France can be traced back to the times of the Ro-man Empire, and …” „… ). French Criminal Justice. A Comparative Account of the Investigation and Prosecution of Crime in France …”

The Political Characteristic: Political Necessity and Compromise as Mechanisms for a Non-Traditionally Rooted but Powerful Pre-Trial Judiciary S. 34-35

„… this spirit, there are, indeed, judicial decisions in French criminal justice with initiating …” „… consideration a community of different states com-peting for an international order of criminal justice being …” „… International Criminal Justice, pp. 944-948, also for the fol-lowing. 78 de Hert, P. (2003). op. cit. (supra p …”

Comparative Cross-Section: A Survey and an Analysis of the Powers of the PTC at the ICC S. 57-63

„… process, nor can they be traced back purely to any national system of criminal justice. They reflect what …” „… to only one method of criminal justice, but it is the parties who may present their evidence relevant …” „… adversarial method of criminal justice, the court does not act wrongly. This also is not opposed to the fair …”

England: A System of Adversarial Hearings Ensuring Due Process on an Early Stage of the Criminal Process S. 50-54

„… adversarial method applied in the English criminal jus-tice system, where traditionally legal action even in …” „… . 236; Sanders, A. & Young, R. (1994). Criminal Justice. London, Butterworths, p. 271; White, R. C. A …” „… Judicial Decisions Concluding the Pre-Trial Phase 50III. England: A System of Adversarial …”

England: Party-Led Proceedings Applying an Adversarial Method of Criminal Justice S. 29-30

„… Adversarial Method of Criminal Justice Very similar to the German situation is the lack of initial judicial …” „… White, R. C. A. (2002). "The Structure and Organization of Criminal Justice in England and Wales: An …” „… Overview", in McConville, M. & Wilson, G. (eds.) The Handbook of the Criminal Justice Process. Oxford, OUP …”

Tables of Abbreviations and Figures S. 9-12

„… and Disorder Act Cf. Confer CIC Code d'Instruction Criminelle CJA Criminal Justice Act CP(AW)A …” „… 9 Table of Abbreviations Art(t). Article(s) CA Court of Appeal CAR Criminal Appeal Rules CDA Crime …” „… Criminal Procedure (Attendance of Witnesses) Act CPIA Criminal Practice and Investigations Act CPP Code de …”

England: Issuing of Warrants and Granting of Bail by the Justices of the Peace S. 39-40

„… Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales. London, Longman, pp. 107-113; Sharpe, S …” „… detail, cf. the Bail Act 1976. 32 Davies, M. & Croall, H. & Tyrer, J. (1998). Criminal Justice: An …” „… Granting of Bail by the Justices of the Peace Judges in England serve the previously mentioned preventive …”

Germany: Issuing of Warrants, Deciding on Appeals, and Securing of Evidence S. 38-39

„… , J. (1998). Criminal Justice: An Introduction to the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales …” „… , 1122-1123); Uglow, S. (1995). Criminal Justice. London, Sweet & Maxwell, pp. 145-146. 31 Darbyshire, P …” „… . England: Issuing of Warrants and Granting of Bail by the Justices of the Peace Judges in England serve the …”

The ICC: Strong Judicial Interference By Virtue of Article 61 (1), (7) ICCSt S. 54-57

„… traced back purely to any national system of criminal justice. They reflect what is rightly called a …” „… method of criminal justice, but it is the parties who may present their evidence relevant to the case.89 …” „… English system of hearings doubt-lessly serves already known functions like cost reduction, avoiding …”

The ICC: Different Orders and Warrants Reflecting Political Sensitivity S. 40-41

„… ICC, however, judges clearly also practice an inves-tigative authority. The French model of criminal …” „… justice provides for state authorities (police, prosecu-tor, and examining magistrate) to investigate an …” „… alleged incident and to collect evi-dence. Consequently, this system (still) puts a strong emphasis on …”

Comparative Cross-Section: Prosecutorial or Judicial Models of the Collection of Evidence S. 41-44

„… . The French model of criminal justice provides for state authorities (police, prosecu-tor, and …” „… examining magistrate) to investigate an alleged incident and to collect evi-dence. Consequently, this system …” „… above; cf. Sluiter, G. (2002). International Criminal Adjudication and the Collection of Evidence …”

Posing the Problem and Defining the Subject-Matter S. 13-15

„… phase of criminal proceedings.2 In many systems of criminal justice, such as those in China and Islamic …” „… systems of criminal justice have their historical roots and their present legal status as a result of a …” „… innovations ((D) V., E). II. Guidelines from the Different Systems of Criminal Justice 1. Systems and Methods …”

The Idea of a Universal Model of Procedural Order and the Creation of the ICC as a Supranational Jurisdiction S. 18-19

„… the ICC reflects the struggle between different national systems of criminal justice. Nevertheless, a …” „… each other. III. Guidelines from a Universal Concept of Criminal Justice — Justifying Interna-tional …” „… Guarantees and Standards of Criminal Justice 1. The Idea of a Universal Model of Procedural Order and the …”

Index S. 81-353

„… 64-65 – English ~ Attempts 65 Systems of Criminal Justice 15-17 Universal Model of Procedural Or-der …” „… 33-35, 41-44, 57-63, 64-66 Direct Guarantees of Criminal Jus-tice 19-23 – Customary International Law …” „… Indirect Guarantees of Criminal Justice 23-24 – Contractual Concepts of Criminal Justice 24 – Procedural …”

France: "Judicial" Supervision Performed by Judges and Prosecutors and the Examining Magistrate’s Own Investigations S. 36-38

„… of the respective criminal justice systems. Again, breaches of the aforementioned guarantees of …” „… criminal justice cannot be detected. I. France: "Judicial" Supervision Performed by Judges and Prosecutors …” „… 36 C) Judicial Decisions within the Pre-Trial Phase of Criminal Proceed-ings: The Dependence upon …”

Germany: The Discretion of the Police and Prosecution to Trigger Criminal Proceedings S. 28-29

„… III. England: Party-Led Proceedings Applying an Adversarial Method of Criminal Justice Very similar …” „… criminal process has been started de facto by the judge's initiative. II. Germany: The Discretion of the …” „… Police and Prosecution to Trigger Criminal Proceedings German criminal proceedings in the pre-trial phase …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845212555

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