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Martin Heidenhain

European State Aid Law

2010

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Proceedings before National Courts S. 813-830

„… Courts § 44. Proceedings before National Courts* A. Introduction …” „… Standstill Obligation (Article 88(3) last sentence EC) in National Court Proceedings …” „… 134/114. Chapter 10. Proceedings before the National Courts 768 Niemeyer Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …”

Legal Remedies for the Member State Granting Aid and other State Bodies S. 755-762

„… 659/1999. With this solution, however, the main concern (avoidance of additional court proceedings) would …” „… opening decision will unleash a flood of law suits.35 Since the Courts in such a proceeding may only deal …” „… 230 EC. There is no question that such a decision constitutes a legal act subject to court review. The …”

Basic Outline of State Aid Law S. 47-53

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 IV. Authority of the Community Courts …” „… market (“aid proceedings”) stems from Article 88 EC and from Reg 659/1999.6 In general, only the …” „… Commission and the Member States take part in the aid proceedings. The rights of aid recipients and third …”

Development of State Aid Law S. 54-58

„… proceedings increased slowly. The formal and substantive principles to be applied by the Commission in …” „… conducting aid proceedings were likewise worked out only gradually. Unlike with Articles 81, 82 EC, the …” „… Courts. The procedural regulation adopted by the Council in 1999 (Reg 659/1999) represents in large part …”

Monitoring be the Commission S. 737-744

„… a wide discretion in deciding whether to bring proceedings before the Court of Justice for failure …” „… invoke the Court of Justice pursuant to Article 88(2) or 228 EC in the event of noncompliance with …” „… Commission decisions or Court judgments. 4 Monitoring mechanisms also play a very important role with respect …”

State Liabilities S. 150-163

„… does not render moot the proceeding in national court. Likewise, third parties are entitled to file …” „… ) Decision-making powers of the national courts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 c) Competitors …” „… bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings or effectively provides it with an express State guarantee or …”

Procedure regarding Unlawful Aid S. 674-714

„… , or give him a hearing; but the complainant has no claim to such information or hearing.2 2The Court …” „… national court charged with the investigation of an aid case.4 Article 10 Reg 659/1999 requires the …” „… national courts. 3 ECJ, C-301/87, ECR 1990, I-307 – France/Commission (“Boussac”) and ECJ, C-142/87, ECR …”

Relationship of Articles 87, 88 EC to other Provisions of the Treaty S. 831-836

„… Article 28 EC.7 The Court of Justice insofar granted a certain priority of Article 87 EC over Article 28 …” „… , which may be asserted in national courts. On the other hand, deciding on the compatibility of State …” „… proceedings concerning possible violations of Articles 81, 82 EC, if it is convinced “based on an economic …”

Procedure regarding Existing Aid Schemes S. 718-727

„… resources. The Court of Justice accepted this method of proceeding in a recent ruling, holding that in …” „… aid, the decision to initiate the formal investigation procedure can be challenged in court with an …” „… challenged in court. While this abbreviated procedure thus raises some difficulties from a formal, legal …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-46

„… , the Community Courts have issued numerous watershed decisions, which have elucidated and refined the …” „… .................................................................................................................... XXXI List of Judgements of the Community Courts …” „… ) ................................................................................ 699 Chapter 9. Procedures before Community Courts …”

State Aid and Public Procurement S. 837-862

„… Public Procurement Procedures 54A significant proportion of the court proceedings initiated in national …” „… Contracts as State Aid 3The Court of Justice has frequently emphasized the applicability of State aid law to …” „… involving public procurement law, the Community Courts have increasingly regarded the inclusion of contract …”

Council Authority pursuant to Article 87(3)(e) EC and Article 88(2) EC S. 460-464

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Literature: Bacon, paras 2.93 ff, pp 139 ff; van de Casteele, The European Court of Justice …” „… considered exceptional circumstances. The Court of Justice, in its wine distillation5 judgment, granted to …” „… basic facts”. In reviewing a decision taken by the Council, “the Court must confine itself to examining …”

Legal Remedies for Aid Recipients S. 763-772

„… parties to State aid procedures. These are designed as a proceeding between the Member State and the …” „… the direct consequence of any negative decision. As a result, the Courts consistently recognize a …” „… -3207, paras 23 f – CETM/Commission. Chapter 9. Procedures before Community Courts 718 Soltész Reemers …”

State Investments of Capital S. 119-149

„… practice and case law, the Commission and the Courts review the compatibility of such measures with the …” „… connection with the question of what constitutes economic activity. The Court recently stated this explicitly …” „… Court of Justice first recognized the standard of the private investor as employed by the Commission in …”

Taxes and Duties S. 164-176

„… beginning of the 1970s.5 The Court of Justice addressed the relationship between taxes and State aid for the …” „… . In justifying its holding to this effect, the Court of Justice reasoned that the affected Member …” „… goods is not required.33 The Court of Justice has found it sufficient that the State measure led to a …”

De Minimis Aid S. 107-118

„… immediately to all pending proceedings. For another, the immediate application of the regulation was in line …” „… – Netherlands/Commission (“service stations”). 43 See ECJ, C-172/03, ECR 2005, I-1627, para 34 – Heiser, where the Court …” „… Court by referring the court that the amount of the tax deductions at stake for a medical practitioner …”

Legal Remedies for Competitors of the Aid Recipient S. 773-791

„… the standing of plaintiffs to challenge such decisions, the Courts have consistently distinguished …” „… aid is compatible under Article 87(3) EC 4 The Courts have recognized that decisions concerning the …” „… , which is not subject to judicial review. The Court of 1 Cf e.g. CFI, T-11/95, ECR 1998, II-3235, paras …”

Sector Specific Rules S. 595-618

„… also to risks stemming from national court proceedings. 3. Assessment of State funding of public …” „… before the Court of First Instance, that the Commission began to consider the subject more closely. The …” „… it is for the Danish authorities to determine TV2’s share of the income from licence fees. The court …”

General Principles S. 619-636

„… , 689; Giraud, A Study of the Notion of Legitimate Expectations in State Aid Recovery Proceedings …” „… procédure en matière d’aides d’Etat, RTDE 1993, 17; Struys/Abbott, The role of national courts in State aid …” „… ; Winter, Supervision of State Aid: Article 93 in the Court of Justice, CMLRev. 1993, 311; Zuelke, Recovery …”

Services of General Economic Interest S. 545-594

„… court proceedings. National courts may then stop further payments and/or order reimbursement because …” „… , 22; idem, A healthy approach to services of general economic interest? The BUPA judgment of the Court …” „… Financing of Public Services: The Court’s Dilemma in the Altmark Case, EStAL 2003, 351; Travers, Public …”

State Aid pursuant to Article 87(3) EC – Support of Certain Economie Activities or Economie Areas – Sectoral Aid S. 360-455

„… Ryanair/Charleroi case, EStAL 2008, 214; Arhold, European Airline Wars: German Courts Divided over Actions against …” „… several Member States had been filed starting in 1992. In 1998, the Court of First Instance ruled that the …” „… clarified by the Court of Justice in the Altmark case.46 The assessment does not include existing aid in the …”

Privatisation S. 517-538

„… appear to be broadly in line with the decision practice of the European Courts10. As yet, however, the …” „… line with the Court of Justice’s case law on the market economy investor principle as, for instance, in …” „… of an undertaking involve elements of State aid, the Court found that it was necessary to assess …”

General Block Exemption Regulation S. 465-492

„… under its domestic law for being the subject of collective insolvency proceedings. With the restriction …” „… insolvency proceedings31. 2. Specific conditions applicable to investment aid 11 Specific provisions are …” „… proceedings in an additional case because it could no exclude, on the basis of the information it had …”

State Aid pursuant to Article 87(3)(c) EC – Aid to Facilitate the Development of Certain Economie Activitis or Certain Economie Areas – Horizontal Aid S. 255-359

„… economic contexts, the Court of Justice generally upheld the Commission’s rulings. 6Due to the increasing …” „… (2).42 20The criterion “subject of collective insolvency proceedings"43 (3) relies on the law of the …” „… possible to avert the opening of insolvency proceedings with rescue aid, as creditors may foreclose on the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265575

Kai Ambos, Otto Triffterer - The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

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Kai Ambos (ed.), Otto Triffterer (ed.)

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2016

Results in this title

Karim A. A. Khan . Initial proceedings before the Court S. 1473-1484

„… 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Article 60 Initial proceedings before the Court 1. Upon …” „… initial proceedings before the Court. The majority of the article, however, is focused on the question of …” „… Committee Decisions Dec. 1997, p. 31. Initial proceedings before the Court 2–3 Article 60 Karim A. A. Khan …”

Mohamed M. El Zeidy, William A. Schabas . Issues of admissibility S. 782-832

„… the Court, arguing that the ICC should be able to intervene ‘where the proceedings under a national …” „… International Criminal Court, i (Proceedings of the Preparatory Committee During March-April and August 1996 …” „… where national proceedings were ineffective, a wide degree of consensus began to emerge. The Court would …”

David Donat-Cattin . Protection of victims and witnesses and their participation in the proceedings S. 1682-1712

„… participation in the proceedings 1. The Court shall take appropriate measures to protect the safety, physical …” „… Criminal Proceedings (Intersentia 2011); Mueller, S. D., ‘Kenya and the International Criminal Court (ICC …” „… . Stages of the proceedings determined to be appropriate by the Court . . . . . 24 4. In a manner not …”

Christoph Burchard, Otto Triffterer . Sanctions for misconduct before the Court S. 1761-1775

„… fair as well as effective criminal proceedings by enabling the Court to exercise its jurisdiction …” „… the functions of the Court’ and ‘contempt committed during the course of its proceedings’. It provided …” „… may disturb the proper development of the proceedings before the Court. 11At first glance, persons …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Official and working languages S. 1324-1332

„… allowed to intervene in a proceeding, the Court shall authorize a language other than English or French to …” „… in one of the working languages of the Court. If participants in the proceedings cannot file in one …” „… victims, witnesses and affected communities should be able to understand court documents and proceedings …”

Christopher K. Hall, Cedric Ryngaert . Arrest proceedings in the custodial State S. 1459-1472

„… proceedings in the custodial State, governed by article 59, and the proceedings before the Court, governed by …” „… proceedings regarding crimes within the Court’s jurisdiction4. Article 59 is related to article 92 in Part 9 …” „… provisional arrest by the Court should satisfy. Although it is not as such concerned with arrest proceedings …”

GILBERT BITTI . Functions and powers of the Trial Chamber S. 1589-1621

„… International Criminal Court to reduce the length of the proceedings, ICC-OTP 2003, para. 60, available at …” „… control the proceedings:61 it may be a question of survival for the International Criminal Court to follow …” „… proceedings in order to shorten the trials; it is indeed absolutely vital for the Court not to leave the trial …”

Astrid Reisinger Coracini, Immi Tallgren . Ne bis in idem S. 900-932

„… proceedings in the other court: (a) Were for the purpose of shielding the person concerned from criminal …” „… of a Case during Arrest Warrant Proceedings before the International Criminal Court’, (2006) 19 …” „… the Future of the International Criminal Court: Proceedings of the first AIDP Symposium for Young …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Cooperation with respect to waiver of immunity and consent to surrender S. 2118-2147

„… proceedings before the Court26 and (2) that the 18 Scheffer (2005) 3 JICJ 350: ‘The Bush Administration has …” „… proceedings conducted by the Court46’. 39 Kolodkin, Preliminary report on immunity of State officials from …” „… Affairs may be subject to criminal proceedings before certain international criminal courts, where they …”

Christopher K. Hall, Daniel D. Ntanda Nsereko, Manuel J. Ventura . Challenges to the jurisdiction of the Court or the admissibility of a case S. 850-899

„… terms of the different kinds of proceedings, initiated by any organ of the Court, that they entail …” „… proceedings, the Court (a) shall satisfy itself as to its jurisdiction over a case pursuant to article 24 …” „… was also noted that the Court should retain the right to recommence proceedings after a fundamental …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST Preliminary Remarks S. 2004-2014

„… heart of fair and expedient proceedings before the Court4. At the same time, the law on co-operation …” „… included provisions on the transfer of proceedings to the Court in cases where it is decided not to …” „… challenge the admissibility of the international proceedings or where the Court has determined the …”

Franziska Eckelmans, Christopher Staker . Proceedings on appeal S. 1966-1986

„… requirement to deliver judgment in open court derives from the principle of the publicity of the proceedings …” „… 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Article 83* Proceedings on appeal 1. For the purposes of …” „… proceedings under article 81 and this article, the Appeals Chamber shall have all the powers of the Trial …”

Veronique Caruana, William A. Schabas . Trial in the presence of the accused S. 1564-1588

„… . Literature: Behrens H., ‘Trial Proceedings in The International Criminal Court: the making of the Rome …” „… suggestion in the ILC Draft that the Court be permitted to continue proceedings in the case of ‘ill health …” „… psychological sense, article 67 prohibits the Court from proceeding. At the same time, nothing in the Statute …”

Volker Nerlich, Christopher Staker . Revision of conviction or sentence S. 1987-1998

„… the Special Court for Sierra Leone also contains such a provision.2 Nevertheless, review proceedings …” „… at the ICTY, ICTR and SCSL differ significantly from revision proceedings before the Court. At the ad …” „… initially by the Appeals Chamber. Revision proceedings are also known in other international courts and …”

Fabricio Guariglia, Gudrun Hochmayr . Proceedings on an admission of guilt S. 1622-1635

„… ; Behrens, H.-J., ‘The Trial Proceedings’, in: R.S. Lee (ed.), The International Criminal Court (Kluwer Law …” „… Courts?’, (2013) 7/8 ZIS 322; Calvo-Goller, K., The Trial Proceedings of the International Criminal Court …” „… Proceedings before the ICC’, in: A. Cassese (ed.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (OUP …”

Morten Bergsmo, Dan Zhu . Deferral of investigation or prosecution S. 771-781

„… power to defer proceedings, the Council can also trigger the Court’s jurisdiction1, and play a role with …” „… that situation, providing a ground for barring Court proceedings56. The majority of delegations felt …” „… an enforcement mechanism when States Parties fail to co-operate in Court proceedings triggered by the …”

Volker Nerlich . Appeal against other decisions S. 1955-1965

„… Chamber, 2 March 2006, holding that a challenge to jurisdiction in contempt of court proceedings is not a …” „… to stay all proceedings pending before another Chamber of the Court to enable the assignment of new …” „… significantly affect the fair and expeditious conduct of the proceedings or the outcome of the trial, and for …”

Otto Triffterer, Till Zimmermann . Place of trial S. 1552-1563

„… The contents of the Statute, especially article 60, ‘Initial proceedings before the Court’, and …” „… the TC to leave The Hague ‘when travel by the members of the Court is likely to make the proceedings …” „… proceedings should be held outside the seat of the Court. V. Criteria to be considered 1. Preliminary …”

Kenneth Harris, Donald K. Piragoff . Offences against the administration of justice S. 1752-1760

„… of the Court’s proceedings in article 44, para. 2, which obligated States Parties to extend their …” „… relation to Court proceedings. Although article 70 is contained in Part 6 of the Statute (pertaining to …” „… phases of the Court’s proceedings as well13. Although the chapeau of paragraph 1 provides that the ‘Court …”

Paula Clarke, Donald K. Piragoff . Evidence S. 1713-1751

„… the proceedings, the civil law countries accepted the change in the wording to authorize the Court to …” „… court or legal system for the purpose of domestic proceedings23. Returning to the more general issues …” „… Procedure and Evidence. The Court may also permit the giving of viva voce (oral) or recorded testimony of a …”

Yvonne McDermott, William A. Schabas . Rights of the accused S. 1651-1681

„… the proceedings of or documents presented to the Court are not in a language which the accused fully …” „… not apply necessarily is in other proceedings before the Court, for example those relating to a …” „… proceedings under domestic law prior to exercise of jurisdiction of the Court. 9 b) ‘public hearing’. The …”

David Donat-Cattin . Reparations to victims S. 1854-1871

„… the Court’) regard the commencement of the reparations’ proceedings, which may take place at any stage …” „… ., through civil proceedings), the ICC shall take them into account with the understanding that the Court …” „… International Criminal Court, Vol. I (Proceedings of the Preparatory Committee During March-April and August …”

Eleni Chaitidou, Mohamed M. El Zeidy, William A. Schabas . Confirmation of the charges before trial S. 1485-1551

„… Criminal Court’, (2008) 8 ICLRev 109; Marchesiello M., ‘Proceedings before the Pre-Trial Chambers’, in: A …” „… expeditiousness in the International Criminal Court’s pre-trial proceedings’, in: C. Stahn and G. Sluiter (eds …” „… participation in the proceedings in accordance with rule 89, the Court shall notify victims regarding its …”

Hirad Abtahi, Rebecca Young . Excusing and disqualification of judges S. 1259-1267

„… integrity of proceedings of the Court by ensuring that no judge participates in a case in which his or her …” „… the conduct of proceedings before the Court. As such, the Presidency prefers the latter understanding …” „… previously been involved in any capacity in that case before the Court or in a related criminal case at the …”

Franziska Eckelmans, Christopher Staker . Appeal against decision of acquittal or conviction or against sentence S. 1916-1954

„… Proceedings at the International Criminal Court’ (2011) 14 Washington College of Law proceedings before the Court. Article 81 is the primary provision, dealing with appeals …” „… of the Appeals Chamber, referring instead to appeal proceedings being heard by ‘the Court’ (see …”

Rod Rastan . Protection of national security information S. 1776-1816

„… possibly in the context of proceedings initiated under Regulation 46(3) of the Regulation of the Court; see …” „… as cases arising at any other stage of the proceedings where such disclosure may be at issue. 2. This …” „… , disclosed at any stage of the proceedings, and it is of the opinion that disclosure would prejudice its …”

Index S. 2328-2353

„… seq. – intermediate proceedings 90 11 et seq. – notification of the Court 90 29 – notification …” „… – exercise of jurisdiction, see there – initial proceedings before the Court, see there – jurisdiction, see …” „… elements of torture 8 88 – torture 8 87 et seq. Initial proceedings before the Court 60 1 et seq …”

Christopher K. Hall, Dov Jacobs . Rights of persons during an investigation S. 1395-1411

„… before the Court and any of the participants in the proceedings so requests’, when the Prosecutor or …” „… proceedings of or documents presented to the Court are not in a language which the accused fully understands …” „… confidentiality and immunity from prosecution by the Court, in proceedings before the Court and, therefore, it …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Removal from office S. 1300-1307

„… ., The Law and Practice of the International Court of Justice (Martinus Nijhoff 2nd edition 1995 …” „… Court regulations 119 to 125, seeks to provide for the removal of the most senior officials of the Court …” „… general reference to ‘other officers of the Court’. 4 The Statutes of the ad hoc Tribunals3 do not address …”

Hirad Abtahi, Rebecca Young . The Presidency S. 1237-1247

„… administration of the Court, which may be divided into the oversight of judicial proceeding and management …” „… before court proceedings53. 26 b) Ethics, professional conduct, privileges and immunities. The elected …” „… officials of the Court, other court proceedings actors, as well as, more generally, the staff of the Court …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Surrender of persons to the Court S. 2047-2059

„… to enter into consultations with the Court in case of parallel national proceedings for a crime …” „… where there were domestic proceedings32 against the persons sought by the Court. Those States which …” „… proceedings. All other details are left to be worked about between the court and the state. 62 While article …”

Alejandro Kiss, Otto Triffterer . Requirements for the decision S. 1827-1853

„… ‘entire proceedings’ and on the ‘evidence submitted and discussed before [the Court] at the trial’ and …” „… the Court, ICC-ASP/13/2828, November 2014, p. 14, para. 18. It was observed that proceedings in the …” „… of the evidence and the entire proceedings. The decision shall not exceed the facts and circumstances …”

Roger S. Clark . Withdrawal S. 2323-2325

„… already under consideration by the Court’. Moreover, the relevant date by which proceedings must be …” „… which may have accrued. Its withdrawal shall not affect any cooperation with the Court in connection …” „… with criminal investigations and proceedings in relation to which the withdrawing State had a duty to …”

Fabricio Guariglia, Gudrun Hochmayr . Role of the Pre-Trial Chamber in relation to a unique investigative opportunity S. 1412-1421

„… within the jurisdiction of the Court. In order to avoid undue delay in the proceedings, it was decided …” „… , take such measures as may be necessary to ensure the efficiency and integrity of the proceedings and …” „… record be made of the proceedings; (c) Appointing an expert to assist; (d) Authorizing counsel for a …”

Peter Wilkitzki . Rule of speciality S. 2159-2170

„… proceedings. Indeed, the fact that the second half sentence provides for the Court’s request being accompanied …” „… to the Court under this Statute shall not be proceeded against, punished or detained for any conduct …” „… crimes for which that person has been surrendered. 2. The Court may request a waiver of the requirements …”

Christopher K. Hall, Cedric Ryngaert . Issuance by the Pre-Trial Chamber of a warrant of arrest or a summons to appear S. 1438-1458

„… court proceedings, or (iii) Where applicable, to prevent the person from continuing with the commission …” „… Arrest Warrant Proceedings before the International Criminal Court’, (2006) 19 LeidenJIL 741; Fourmy, O …” „… ensure that the person does not obstruct or endanger the investigation or the Court proceedings …”

Volker Nerlich, Christopher Staker . Compensation to an arrested or convicted person S. 1999-2003

„… connection with proceedings before the Court, which are unlawful under the national law of that State.10 …” „… 27.10.2015 10:58:55 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm proceedings before the Court. In the event …” „… circumstances, where the Court finds conclusive facts showing that there has been a grave and manifest …”

Karim A. A. Khan . Trust Fund S. 1902-1909

„… constitute an important hallmark of the Rome Statute. The right of victim representation in court proceedings …” „… disposal to assist victims before the issue of the judicial proceedings engaged by the Court. Care is …” „… in DRC did not prejudice the proceedings against the accused because, inter alia, (a) the Court had …”

Eleni Chaitidou . Referral of a situation by a State Party S. 704-725

„… of Proceedings Before the International Criminal Court’, in: Lattanzi, F. (ed.), The International …” „… facts is in a position to fulfil its obligation to punish before any proceedings before the Court are …” „… other aims.17 Skepticism over State complaints as a means of initiating proceedings before the Court did …”

Dov Jacobs, Christopher Staker . Regulations of the Court S. 1353-1365

„… limits and mandatory contents of different types of documents filed in proceedings before the Court. The …” „… (‘Proceedings before the Court’) contains detailed regulations (regulations 20–66) with respect to the mechanics …” „… participation of victims in proceedings before the Court. The primary provision of the Statute dealing with …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 1458 Article 60. Initial proceedings before the Court …” „… ” exercise, looking at the Court’s handling of its regulatory framework in judicial proceedings with a view …” „… to participate in court proceedings and its reparations regime, a new challenge has emerged for the …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Competing requests S. 2060-2068

„… choose not to advise the Court of its domestic proceeding. 4 As noted above, given the reference to both …” „… domestic proceedings before the Court’s decision. At the same time, those delegations which did not want to …” „… receives a request from the Court for the surrender of a person under article 89 shall, if it also receives …”

Morten Bergsmo, Dan Zhu . Prosecutor S. 726-741

„… investigations proprio motu on the basis of information on crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court. 2. The …” „… testimony at the seat of the Court. 3. If the Prosecutor concludes that there is a reasonable basis to …” „… of the Court, it shall authorize the commencement of the investigation, without prejudice to …”

Roger S. Clark . Settlement of disputes S. 2275-2283

„… Islands Before the International Court of Justice in Advisory Proceedings on the Legality of the Threat or …” „… concerning the judicial functions of the Court shall be settled by the decision of the Court. 2. Any other …” „… recommendations on further means of settlement of the dispute, including referral to the International Court of …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Other forms of cooperation S. 2079-2103

„… witness be obtained for use in a proceeding in the Court. Under the scheme of Part 9 the State must …” „… Court’s decision as to merit the intervention of that State in the proceedings. Given the structure and …” „… used as evidence in the criminal proceedings of the Court, in accordance with the Statute and the Rules …”

Elisa Freiburg, Andreas Zimmermann bis. Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (State referral, proprio motu) S. 742-765

„… (10-21).3d from 27.10.2015 10:33:49 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm proceedings before the Court …” „… aggression (State referral, proprio motu) 1. The Court may exercise jurisdiction over the crime of aggression …” „… . The Court may exercise jurisdiction only with respect to crimes of aggression committed one year after …”

Philipp Ambach . Relationship of the Court with the United Nations S. 23-41

„… officials in court proceedings. If necessary, the UN may waive the witnesses’ confidentiality obligation …” „… , limitations on disclosure, or use of in camera or ex parte proceedings.103 41 In Kenya, the Court continues to …” „… of national proceedings in relation to such crimes. 48d) Cooperation between the Court and the …”

Robert O. Harmsen, Gerard A. M. Strijards . Seat of the Court S. 42-103

„… he came, which will certainly not accelerate the Court’s proceedings. The pre-trial provisions in the …” „… appointment. Proceedings for German Courts followed in which Beer and the others alleged that the ESOC had …” „… courts was not met merely by the institution of proceedings. This right, they argued, required that the …”

Fabricio Guariglia, Gudrun Hochmayr . Functions and powers of the Pre-Trial Chamber S. 1422-1437

„… benefit of victims. Literature: Ambos, K., ‘The Legal Basis of the International Criminal Court’, in: L …” „… . Arbour et al. (eds.), The Prosecutor of a Permanent International Criminal Court (Max-Planck-Institut …” „… ’, in: A. Cassese (ed.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (OUP 2002) 1915; Fourmy, O …”

William A. Schabas . Limitation on the prosecution or punishment of other offences S. 2200-2205

„… extradition has been approved by the Court at the request of the State of enforcement. 2. The Court shall …” „… enforcement after having served the full sentence imposed by the Court, or returns to the territory of that …” „… . Gaeta and J. R.W.D. Jones (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary …”

Christoph Burchard, Otto Triffterer . Irrelevance of official capacity S. 1038-1056

„… official capacity of the accused is irrelevant in criminal proceedings before the Court: Official capacity …” „… start preliminary proceedings, in particular investigation and prosecution. Only if the court needs the …” „… proceedings before national courts,64 and may indeed be treated as an open question,65 acting as a state …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . General obligation to cooperate S. 2015-2019

„… criminal proceedings before the Court26. The Court may therefore use its powers under Part 9 to find out …” „… goal to be attained through the proceedings before the Court. In light of this decision it would seem …” „… Parties shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Statute, cooperate fully with the Court in the …”

Daniel D. Ntanda Nsereko . Preliminary rulings regarding admissibility S. 833-849

„… investigations or proceedings are still pending, such a case may be ruled inadmissible by the Court under article …” „… . When a situation has been referred to the Court pursuant to article 13 (a) and the Prosecutor has …” „… one month of receipt of that notification, a State may inform the Court that it is investigating or …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Privileges and immunities S. 1311-1319

„… as well as representatives of States participating in the proceedings of the Court26, other …” „… individuals participating in the Court’s proceedings, and particularly victims27 is groundbreaking28. II …” „… intergovernmental organizations, representatives of States participating in the proceedings of the Court as well as …”

Michael Bohlander . Qualifications, nomination and election of judges S. 1217-1226

„… judges 1. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2, there shall be 18 judges of the Court. 2. (a) The …” „… Presidency, acting on behalf of the Court, may propose an increase in the number of judges specified in …” „… Court justifies it, to propose a reduction in the number of judges, provided that the number of judges …”

Bruce Broomhall . Rules of Procedure and Evidence S. 1333-1352

„… inter-relationships of all the parties involved in the proceedings before the Court’.20 Together with other subsidiary …” „… modified Rule 100 (Place of the proceedings) in order to clarify the conditions under which the Court could …” „… where the Rules do not provide for a specific situation before the Court, the judges may, by a twothirds …”

Maarten Halff, David Tolbert, Renan Villacis . Voluntary contributions S. 2264-2267

„… proceedings before the Court. 2As mentioned in the discussion relating to article 115, the way in which the …” „… Court of Justice, Proceedings of the ICJ/ UNITAR Colloquium to Celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the …” „… the International Court of Justice, Proceedings of the ICJ/ UNITAR Colloquium to Celebrate the 50th …”

Giulia Pecorella, William A. Schabas . Exercise of jurisdiction S. 691-703

„… , as opposed to alternative mechanisms such as mixed or internationalised courts. Finally, proceedings …” „… 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Article 13 Exercise of jurisdiction The Court may …” „… ., ‘The Effects of Security Council Resolutions and Domestic Proceedings on State Obligations to Cooperate …”

Elisa Freiburg, Andreas Zimmermann ter. Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (Security Council referral) S. 766-770

„… aggression (Security Council referral) 1. The Court may exercise jurisdiction over the crime of aggression in …” „… accordance with article 13, paragraph (b), subject to the provisions of this article. 2. The Court may …” „… or acceptance of the amendments by thirty States Parties. 3. The Court shall exercise jurisdiction …”

William A. Schabas . Non-applicability of statute of limitations S. 1108-1111

„… suggested that an accused should be allowed to apply to the Court to terminate the proceedings on the basis …” „… The crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court shall not be subject to any statute of limitations …” „… , P. Gaeta and J. R.W.D. Jones (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A …”

Olympia Bekou, Morten Bergsmo, Pieter Kruger . Duties and powers of the Prosecutor with respect to investigations S. 1382-1394

„… investigative phase should be collected with a view to their ultimate utilisation in Court proceedings during …” „… within the jurisdiction of the Court, and in doing so, respect the interests and personal circumstances …” „… , at any stage of the proceedings, documents or information that the Prosecutor obtains on the …”

Magda Karagiannakis . The Registry S. 1279-1289

„… often unfamiliar court proceedings featuring cross-examination48; this assistance includes logistical …” „… Court’s proceeding, there is at least some room for argument that family members should still be afforded …” „… responsible for the non-judicial aspects of the administration and servicing of the Court, without prejudice …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Postponement of execution of a request in respect of an admissibility challenge S. 2107-2111

„… Court pursuant to article 18 or 19, the requested State may postpone the execution of a request under …” „… this Part pending a determination by the Court, unless the Court has specifically ordered that the …” „… or prosecution without advising the Court and then decline to provide assistance in that case to the …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Costs S. 2156-2158

„… , which shall be borne by the Court: (a) Costs associated with the travel and the security of witnesses …” „… Prosecutor, the Registrar, the Deputy Registrar and staff of any organ of the Court; (d) Costs of any expert …” „… opinion or report requested by the Court; (e) Costs associated with the transport of a person being …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Postponement of execution of a request in respect of ongoing investigation or prosecution S. 2104-2106

„… the Court. However, the postponement shall be no longer than necessary to complete the relevant …” „… where there was an ongoing domestic matter, different from that being conducted by the Court; the second …” „… . 2 As in the case of article 89 para. 4 the national proceedings must be genuine; cf. Kreß and Prost …”

Kai Ambos, William A. Schabas . Sentencing S. 1872-1877

„… either the Prosecutor or the accused, and failing application from either party, the Court may decide to …” „… make representations before the Court should it be considering the convocation of such a hearing on its …” „… before sentence is pronounced. It would be appropriate, then, for the Court to inquire of the parties at …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Requests for cooperation: general provisions S. 2020-2043

„… 1. (a) The Court shall have the authority to make requests to States Parties for cooperation. The …” „… of the Court, in accordance with the choice made by that State upon ratification, acceptance …” „… request. 4. In relation to any request for assistance presented under this Part, the Court may take such …”

Roger S. Clark, Otto Triffterer . Exclusion of jurisdiction over persons under eighteen S. 1031-1037

„… eighteen The Court shall have no jurisdiction over any person who was under the age of 18 at the time of …” „… .), Handbook on the Draft Statute for an International Criminal Court 62 (2nd ed. 1998); Crane, D.M …” „… International Criminal Court. A Commentary, Vol. I (2002) 527; Holmes, J.T., ‘The protection of children’s …”

Margaret McAuliffe de Guzman . Applicable law S. 933-949

„… 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Article 21 Applicable law 1. The Court shall apply (a …” „… , general principles of law derived by the Court from national laws of legal systems of the world including …” „… internationally recognized norms and standards. 2. The Court may apply principles and rules of law as interpreted …”

Michael Bohlander, Otto Triffterer . The Court S. 16-22

„… 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART 1 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE COURT Article 1* The Court …” „… An International Criminal Court (‘the Court’) is hereby established. It shall be a permanent …” „… jurisdictions. The jurisdiction and functioning of the Court shall be governed by the provisions of this Statute …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Provisional arrest S. 2075-2078

„… Court may request the provisional arrest of the person sought, pending presentation of the request for …” „… State. In such a case, the requested State shall proceed to surrender the person to the Court as soon as …” „… community. In this context, the Court will most likely seek provisional arrest in the case of person who has …”

Yvonne McDermott, William A. Schabas . Presumption of innocence S. 1636-1650

„… apply during appeal proceedings43. 2. ‘the Court’ 15 The term ‘the Court’ can only mean the …” „… the term ‘reasonable doubt’72. In a contempt of court proceeding, an ICTY Trial Chamber concluded that …” „… presumed innocent until proved guilty before the Court in accordance with the applicable law. 2. The onus …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Execution of requests under articles 93 and 96 S. 2148-2155

„… evidence produced in response shall, at the request of the Court, be sent urgently. 3. Replies from the …” „… pursuant to this subparagraph it shall, without delay, consult with the Court to resolve the matter. 5 …” „… . Provisions allowing a person heard or examined by the Court under article 72 to invoke restrictions designed …”

Raul C. Pangalangan . Non-retroactivity ratione personae S. 972-979

„… legality as a ‘General Principle of Criminal Law’ governing the Court. The other provisions are article 22 …” „… , or the lex praevia. 2 The Court’s jurisdiction ratione personae is established generally in article 1 …” „… merely a question of procedure that did not detract from the legality of the proceedings. 4 The …”

Odo Annette Ogwuma . Service of judges S. 1205-1216

„… the Court. 19 In its initial phase, due to the nature of the proceedings of the Court, the first …” „… judicial proceedings before the Court in terms of inter alia, authorising the commencement of proprio motu …” „… the Court since the pre-trial stage of proceedings require completion, entailing the confirmation of …”

William A. Schabas . Enforcement of fines and forfeiture measures S. 2206-2210

„… civil proceedings to contest the priority given to another creditor over its own claim. The Court would …” „… measures 1. States Parties shall give effect to fines or forfeitures ordered by the Court under Part 7 …” „… measures to recover the value of the proceeds, property or assets ordered by the Court to be forfeited …”

Andreas Zimmermann . Crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court S. 112-127

„… to eventually flood the Court with proceedings. There was also an almost general feeling that the ICC …” „… , the Court could – under the proposal as then submitted – still go forward with its proceedings. 44 The …” „… Article 5 Crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court 1. The jurisdiction of the Court shall be limited to …”

Morten Bergsmo, Frederik Harhoff, Jelena Pejic, Dan Zhu . The Office of the Prosecutor S. 1268-1278

„… before the Court if he or she has been involved in any capacity in proceedings against the suspected …” „… the Prosecutor shall act independently as a separate organ of the Court. It shall be responsible for …” „… receiving referrals and any substantiated information on crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court, for …”

Hirad Abtahi, Rebecca Young . Chambers S. 1248-1253

„… election of the judges, the Court shall organize itself into the divisions specified in article 34 …” „… and the qualifications and experience of the judges elected to the Court, in such a way that each …” „… trial experience. 2. (a) The judicial functions of the Court shall be carried out in each division by …”

Stefanie Bock, Otto Triffterer . Superior orders and prescription of law S. 1183-1197

„… . The fact that a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court has been committed by a person pursuant to …” „… International Criminal Court – Legal and Policy Issues (Hart 2004) 263; Cryer, R., ‘Superior Scholarship on …” „… ); Gaeta, P., ‘The Defence of Superior Orders: The Statute of the International Criminal Court versus …”

Robert O. Harmsen, Gerard A. M. Strijards . Review by the Court concerning reduction of sentence S. 2211-2212

„… 11:03:02 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Article 110 Review by the Court concerning reduction …” „… pronounced by the Court. 2. The Court alone shall have the right to decide any reduction of sentence, and …” „… sentence, or 25 years in the case of life imprisonment, the Court shall review the sentence to determine …”

Roberta Arnold, Otto Triffterer . Responsibility of commanders and other superiors S. 1057-1107

„… jurisdiction of the Court: (a) A military commander or person effectively acting as a military commander shall …” „… be criminally responsible for crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court committed by forces under …” „… criminally responsible for crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court committed by subordinates under his or …”

Philipp Ambach, S. Rama Rao . Assembly of States Parties S. 2216-2247

„… communities, and the participation of victims in the proceedings, leading to the Court’s strategy in relation …” „… , 10 December 2010. On the study group’s mandate to increase the efficiency of Court proceedings see …” „… administration of the Court; (c) Consider the reports and activities of the Bureau established under paragraph 3 …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Disciplinary measures S. 1308-1310

„… than removal from office, and that those measures will be addressed in the Rules of the Court. No …” „… articles 45 and 46, article 47 is concerned with the principal officials of the Court, namely, the judges …” „… other staff of the Court5. Disciplinary measures are to be applied in cases of ‘misconduct of a less …”

Elisa Freiburg, Andreas Zimmermann bis. Crime of aggression S. 581-619

„… Adopted at the Kampala Review Conference for the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court’, (2010 …” „… International, Criminal Court Considered at the First Review Conference on the Court, Kampala, 31 May-11 June …” „… .), The emerging practice of the International Criminal Court (Martinus Nijhoff 2009) 709; Creegan, E …”

S. Rama Rao . Financial Regulations S. 2248-2252

„… Except as otherwise specifically provided, all financial matters related to the Court and the meetings of …” „… ICC, gave rise to a delicate debate on its funding. Financing of the Court was discussed more …” „… contribute to the expenses of the Court? Whether the Court should be funded from out of the regular budget of …”

Bruce Broomhall . Nullum crimen sine lege S. 950-967

„… conduct in question constitutes, at the time it takes place, a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court …” „… Criminal Court: Observations and Issues before the 1997–98 Preparatory Committee; and Administrative and …” „… Court: Between Sovereignty and the Rule of Law (Oxford University Press 2003); Cassese, A., ‘Balancing …”

Roger S. Clark . Review of the Statute S. 2309-2312

„… (2) (b) (xx) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Weapons and Methods of Warfare …” „… ’, (2009) 12 NCLRev 3 366; id., ‘Amendments to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court …” „… Considered at the First Review Conference on the Court, Kampala, 31 May- 11 June 2010’, (2010) 2 GoJIL 2 689 …”

Hirad Abtahi, Christopher Staker, Rebecca Young . Independence of the judges S. 1254-1258

„… . 3. Judges required to serve on a full-time basis at the seat of the Court shall not engage in any …” „… modern-day international instruments. In 1945 the Statute of the International Court of Justice, which ‘forms …” „… an integral part of the […] Charter’ of the United Nations2 stated in its article 2: ‘the Court shall …”

Kai Ambos, William A. Schabas . Nulla poena sine lege S. 968-971

„… former Yugoslavia in the context of referral proceedings of cases to the courts of Bosnia and Herzegovina …” „… the Court may be punished only in accordance with this Statute. Literature: D’Ascoli, S., Sentencing …” „… …’4. The European Court of Human Rights has ruled that capital punishment as well as a sentence of …”

Roger S. Clark, Gerhard Hafner . Reservations S. 2284-2298

„… ., ‘The International Criminal Court’s Exercise of Jurisdiction Over the Crime of Aggression – at Least …” „… , J.R.W.D. (eds.) The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary (OUP 2002) 145 …” „… notwithstanding the absence of any specific provision on reservations, the International Court of Justice was …”

ROLF EINAR FIFE . Non-prejudice to national application of penalties and national laws S. 1910-1915

„… Criminal Court, the Making of the Rome Statute: Issues, Negotiations, Results (1999) 319; Merrills, J.G …” „… ., The Development of International Law by the European Court of Human Rights (Manchester University …” „… : Lattanzi (ed.), The International Criminal Court: Comments on the Draft Statute (1998) 273; id., The …”

Olympia Bekou, Morten Bergsmo, Pieter Kruger . Initiation of an investigation S. 1366-1381

„… that a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court has been or is being committed; (b) The case is or …” „… Criminal Court’, (2014) 25 CLF 465; Danner, A.M., ‘Enhancing the Legitimacy and Accountability of …” „… Prosecutorial Discretion at the International Criminal Court’ (2003) 97 AJIL 510; deGuzman, M., ‘Gravity and the …”

Wiebke Ru¨ckert . Legal status and powers of the Court S. 104-111

„… 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Article 4 Legal status and powers of the Court 1. The …” „… Court shall have international legal personality. It shall also have such legal capacity as may be …” „… necessary for the exercise of its functions and the fulfilment of its purposes. 2. The Court may exercise …”

Karim A. A. Khan . Organs of the Court S. 1198-1204

„… 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART 4 COMPOSITION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE COURT …” „… Article 34 Organs of the Court The Court shall be composed of the following organs: (a) The Presidency; (b …” „… Humanitarian Law in the Former Yugoslavia & the Project for an International Criminal Court prepared by the …”

Roger S. Clark . Amendments S. 2299-2305

„… or acceptance. In respect of a State Party which has not accepted the amendment, the Court shall not …” „… Statute of the International Criminal Court: Weapons and Methods of Warfare’, (2009) 12 NCLRev 3 366; id …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 V. Paragraph 5: Amendments to articles setting out the crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court …”

Giulia Pecorella, William A. Schabas . Preconditions to the exercise of jurisdiction S. 673-690

„… 1. A State which becomes a Party to this Statute thereby accepts thejurisdiction of the Court with …” „… Court may exerciseits jurisdiction if one or more of the following States are Parties to thisStatute or …” „… have accepted the jurisdiction of the Court in accordance withparagraph 3: (a) The State on the …”

Jens David Ohlin, Otto Triffterer . Mistake of fact or mistake of law S. 1162-1182

„… within the jurisdiction of the Court shall not be a ground for excluding criminal responsibility. A …” „… ’, in: Cassese, Gaeta and Jones (eds.), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A …” „… International Criminal Court and the Elements of Offences’, (2001) 12 CLF 291; Badar, M. E., ‘Mens Rea, Mistake …”

Karim A. A. Khan . Determination of the sentence S. 1892-1901

„… the proceedings before the Court42. Thus, the Katanga Trial Chamber considered that Katanga was …” „… determining the sentence, the Court shall, in accordance with the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, take into …” „… . 2. In imposing a sentence of imprisonment, the Court shall deduct the time, if any, previously spent …”

Odo Annette Ogwuma . Judicial vacancies S. 1227-1236

„… . W. D., ‘Composition of the Court’, in: A. Cassese, P. Gaeta and J. R. W. D. Jones (eds.), The Rome …” „… Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, I (OUP 2002) 235–267, Rwelamira, M. R …” „… ., ‘Composition and Administration of the Court’, in: R. S. Lee (ed.), The International Criminal Court: The …”

Kai Ambos, Morten Bergsmo Preamble S. 2-15

„… Court in relationship with the United Nations system, with jurisdiction over the most serious crimes of …” „… concern to the international community as a whole, Emphasizing that the International Criminal Court …” „… Criminal Court” vom 17. Juli 1998’, in: K.H. Go¨ssel and O. Triffterer (eds.), Geda¨chtnisschrift fu¨r …”

Alexander Heinze, Otto Triffterer No title S. 645-657

„… ) 53 GYbIL 463; Arsanjani, M.H. and Reisman, W.M., ‘The International Criminal Court and the Congo’, in …” „… the International Criminal Court’ (1998–1999) 22 FordhamILJ 229; A. Chandrahasan, N., ‘Continuing …” „… ., ‘International Human Rights Law Challenges to the New International Criminal Court: The Search ans Seizure Right …”

Donald K. Piragoff, DARRYL ROBINSON . Mental element S. 1112-1125

„… the Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court, Vol. I, Proceedings …” „… jurisdiction of the Court only if the material elements are committed with intent and knowledge. 2. For the …” „… ., ‘The Mental Element in International Criminal Law: The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court …”

Kai Ambos . Individual criminal responsibility S. 980-1030

„… Court shall have jurisdiction over natural persons pursuant to this Statute. 2. A person who commits a …” „… crime within the jurisdiction of the Court shall be individually responsible and liable for punishment …” „… responsible and liable for punishment for a crime within the jurisdiction of the Court if that person: (a …”

Roger S. Clark . Elements of Crimes S. 620-644

„… Crimes shall assist the Court in the interpretation and application of articles 6, 7, 8 and 8 bis. They …” „… AJIL 517; Bassiouni, M.C. (ed.)), The Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Documentary …” „… International Criminal Law: The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the Elements of Offences …”

Roberta Arnold, Elisabeth Baumgartner, Michael Cottier, Knut Dörmann, Robin Geiß, Julia Grignon, David Krivanek, Sabine Mzee, Emilia Richard, Stefan Wehrenberg, Andreas Zimmermann . War crimes S. 296-580

„… tribunals such as the Special Court for Sierra Leone, as well as numerous national criminal proceedings …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Article 8 War crimes 1. The Court shall have jurisdiction in …” „… necessities of war; (xiv) Declaring abolished, suspended or inadmissible in a court of law the rights and …”

Kai Ambos, Christopher K. Hall, Niamh Hayes, Larissa van den Herik, Joseph Powderly, Carsten Stahn . Crimes against humanity S. 145-295

„… of the Court; (i) Enforced disappearance of persons; (j) The crime of apartheid; (k) Other inhumane …” „… and the Subject Matter Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court: Genocide, Crimes Against …” „… International Criminal Court: Legal and Policy Issues (Hart 2004) 179; Meron, T., The Humanization of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845263571

Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey - Open Justice

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Burkhard Hess (ed.), Ana Koprivica Harvey (ed.)

Open Justice

Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law

Volume 13 2019

Results in this title

Katrin Gierhake How to Justify the Open Court Principle in Criminal Proceedings S. 103-116

„… How to Justify the Open Court Principle in Criminal Proceedings* Katrin Gierhake Introduction In …” „… th edn CH Beck 2012), 411. How to Justify the Open Court Principle in Criminal Proceedings 105 …” „… ) (Königshausen & Neumann 2004). How to Justify the Open Court Principle in Criminal Proceedings 107 The open …”

Burkhard Hess, Ana Koprivica Harvey Open Justice in Modern Societies: What Role for Courts? S. 9-46

„… requires courts and other adjudicative bodies to conduct their proceedings in public.2 The principle of …” „… Burkhard Hess, ‘Public Hearings in Court Proceedings – The concept of the open court and its relationship …” „… Court Proceedings – The concept of the open court and its relationship to social media’ (forthcoming in …”

Cécile Chainais Open Justice and the Principle of Public Access to Hearings in the Age of Information Technology: Theoretical Perspectives and Comparative Law S. 59-90

„… Andrews, On civil processes. Court Proceedings vol I (Intersentia 2013) 28.01 ff; Adrian Zuckerman, On …” „… 1.2 the courts and can, as a result, comment on how the courts operate and on proceedings that take …” „… is the Supreme Court of India, which recently approved the live streaming of court proceedings …”

Maciej Szpunar Right to a Public Hearing According to Art 6 ECHR and Art 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU: Constitutional Perspectives S. 47-58

„… Court of Human Rights in the Axen case in the following manner: The public character of proceedings …” „… European Court of Human Rights considers the proceedings as a whole. Thus, for instance, the absence of a …” „… a public hearing before the trial court could have on the fairness of the proceedings, the absence …”

Ruth Herz The Dilemma of Open Justice in the Present Political, Social and Cultural Climate S. 117-124

„… life portrayal of youth court proceedings3. The German law accords the judge the central position in …” „… face with television portrayals of court proceedings in general. We should not forget that when …” „… cases or those involving celebrities. Assuming that the majority of cases and court proceedings are dull …”

Jean-Claude Wiwinius Public Hearings in Civil Proceedings: From the Perspective of a Luxembourgish Judge S. 97-102

„… better understanding of the functioning of proceedings and of the different workings of the courts, thus …” „… of legal proceedings and court decisions is not always an easy task. Until recently, transparency …” „… meant freely entering the courtroom, observing the court's proceedings, and hearing the court …”

Judith Resnik The Functions of Publicity and of Privatization in Courts and Their Replacements (from Jeremy Bentham to #MeToo and Google Spain) S. 177-252

„… proceedings. Constitutions around the world have applied those ideas through mandates for ‘open courts’ and …” „… processes in a spectrum that runs from formal live-person in-court proceedings2 and large-scale …” „… (or not) to observe the interactions. Even when obligations for open court proceedings exist, what it …”

John Sorabji Open Justice and the Privatisation of English Civil Justice S. 253-268

„… above, it was understood that all forms of ADR had ‘at least equal validity to court proceedings’.75 It …” „… was not a question whether ADR was equivalent to court proceedings. That was understood to be the case …” „… Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (the UKSC) heard the case of R (UNISON) v Lord Chancellor.1 It …”

Michal Bobek Epilogue: Past and Looming Challenges to Open Justice S. 277-302

„… transparency meant allowing anybody to freely enter the courtroom, observe court proceedings and hear the …” „… court’s decisions. However, in view of the rise of new (ICT) technologies, now it presumably means more …” „… transparency and openness;1 (2) applying those considerations to the issue of streaming court hearings; (3 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… the Open Court Principle in Criminal Proceedings 103 Katrin Gierhake The Dilemma of Open Justice in …” „… The Role of Courts in a Democratic Society Open Justice Burkhard Hess | Ana Koprivica Harvey (eds …” „… Courts in a Democratic Society Nomos BUT_Hess_5585-1.indd 3 18.02.19 09:05 The Deutsche …”

Joachim Jahn German Courts Open Their Doors (a Little Bit) Wider to the Media S. 269-276

„… German Courts Open Their Doors (a Little Bit) Wider to the Media Joachim Jahn Introduction Until …” „… . Additionally, court spokespersons, the prosecution, defence counsel, and lawyers of plaintiffs quite often give …” „… applies to the Federal Constitutional Court where broadcasting is already allowed.3 In October 2017 the …”

Robert Magnus New Media in the Courtroom: Benefits and Challenges S. 91-96

„… influences of the new media which have to be distinguished. On the one hand, the question arises how courts …” „… other hand, the changed flow of information might also influence the way in which hearings and court …” „… proceedings in general should be presented to the public. I will start with the first issue and will …”

Index S. 311-316

„… Index access to – court, 17, 29, 63, 125, 181, 189, 209, 229, 241, 255, 256 – documents, 183-186 …” „… – Supreme Court of Brazil, 34, 44, 182, 279 Breyer v Commission, 38, 292 broadcast, 5, 20, 31-37, 42, 44, 54 …” „… Procedure of Quebec, 88 – Ontario Courts of Justice Act, 82 – Supreme Court of Canada, 33, 60, 62, 78, 82 …”

Sir Ernest Ryder Securing Open Justice S. 125-142

„… that. It is, through our courts and justice systems, of fundamental importance to democratic government …” „… . If I can borrow from Woodrow Wilson, our courts are the ‘balance-wheel’ of our constitutions. They …” „… encompass the principle of equal access to court. The commitment, a common law constitutional right in the …”

Thomas Giegerich Transparency in the Selection of Constitutional Court Judges: Contextualised Comparison between the USA, Germany and the European Courts in Luxembourg and Strasbourg S. 143-176

„… Transparency in the Selection of Constitutional Court Judges: Contextualised Comparison between the …” „… USA, Germany and the European Courts in Luxembourg and Strasbourg Thomas Giegerich Constitutional …” „… Difficulty Constitutional courts are courts that exercise constitutional jurisdiction, following one of two …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845297620

Burkhard Hess, Xandra E. Kramer - From common rules to best practices in European Civil Procedure

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From common rules to best practices in European Civil Procedure

Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law

Volume 8 2017

Results in this title

Fernando Gascón Inchausti Transplanting Best Practices from ADR Mechanisms to Court Proceedings in Cross-border Litigation? S. 403-426

„… Transplanting Best Practices from ADR Mechanisms to Court Proceedings in Cross-border Litigation …” „… commercial arbitration and consumer alternative dispute resolution. ADR Mechanisms and Court Proceedings …” „… Competitiveness (DER2015-64756-P). 403 Synergies between ADR and Court Proceedings A first option, of course, is …”

Eva Storskrubb E-Justice, Innovation and the EU S. 271-302

„… understanding of “the area of justice” and focus on the use of ICT by courts in civil proceedings. Criminal …” „… proceedings and (A) 271 the administrative courts and branches of the State such as the tax authori‐ ties will …” „… revolution impact on and change courts, and civil proceedings; or is it even possible for them to be left …”

Gilles Cuniberti The Promotion of Best Practices in European Civil Procedure: Some Introductory Remarks S. 439-450

„… ‐ formed of the initiation of the proceedings, or being unwilling to argue the case in a court which would …” „… (i.e. in the absence of the defendant) owe a duty of full and frank disclosure to the court.1 They must …” „… the court to the most crucial evidence available, whether favourable or not to the granting of the …”

Remo Caponi Harmonizing Civil Procedure: Initial Remarks S. 43-62

„… delay of ordi‐ nary civil proceedings in Italy. The huge workload of and backlog in the courts play the …” „… information between parties to proceedings and the court. On the other hand, digital technologies find their …” „… structure of the proceedings, the problems of court management and the large majority of conflicts of …”

Elena Alina Onţanu Incorporating European Uniform Procedures into National Procedural Systems and Practice: Best Practices a Solution for Harmonious Application S. 459-480

„… , costs of proceedings, how the procedure is handled by the court, transfer to national ordinary procedure …” „… ‐ lowed at the national level in the analysed jurisdiction for conducting court proceedings.33 Use of the …” „… domestic proceedings with which the practitioners and courts are familiar and more at ease.42 This aspect …”

Marta Requejo Isidro Do We Need Harmonisation to Achieve Harmonious Cooperation? S. 77-118

„… applicable in extradition proceedings be‐ tween Member States. However, the agreement never entered into …” „… create a European criminal court. Criminal law became an explicit topic for EU law with the Maastricht …” „… rights of suspected and accused persons in criminal proceedings is a fundamental value of the Union …”

Adriani Dori, Vincent Richard Litigation Costs and Procedural Cultures – New Avenues For Research in Procedural Law – S. 303-352

„… court proceedings. These professionals will expect remunera‐ tion or reimbursement for the time that …” „… ), whereas in some States court fees are paid only at the end of the proceedings (e.g. Finland). Upfront …” „… have been instated for proceedings that used to be tra‐ ditionally free;78 court charges have been …”

Karim Mahari European Order For Payment Procedure From the Businesses Perspective and Practice S. 451-454

„… such expedited proceedings enables member states to ensure efficient use of the limited resources …” „… allocated to the courts for the resolution of controversial litigation. (A) 451 European Order for Payment …” „… procedure established by the regulation 1896/2006, companies can apply and manage themselves the proceedings …”

Marco Velicogna, Giampiero Lupo From Drafting Common Rules to Implementing Electronic European Civil Procedures: The Rise of e-CODEX S. 181-212

„… Wonders of Modern Sci‐ ence’ in Court-Related Proceedings”, 20 Griffith Law Review (2011) 994. 44 G …” „… May 2001 on cooperation between the courts of the Member States in the taking of evidence in civil or …” „… cooperation of a real court; 3) access to and analysis of the data collected within the e-CODEX project on the …”

Burkhard Hess, Xandra Kramer From Common Rules to Best Practices in European Civil Procedure: An Introduction S. 9-30

„… developed and enacted by the EU legislature, and applied by national courts. There is no doubt that these …” „… standards aim to “contribute to the moderniza‐ tion of national proceedings, to a level playing field for …” „… is applied by national courts; see Art. 3 (1)(c) of the Draft Directive. 26 Regulation (EC) No …”

Christopher A. Whytock Harmonization of Civil Procedure: Is the United States a Model for the European Union? S. 133-158

„… […] judicial proceedings of any court of any […] State, Territory or Possession […] shall have the same full …” „… in‐ dependence, some states (such as Delaware, New Jersey and New York) had separate courts of law …” „… and equity; some states (such as Connecticut and New Hampshire) had a single court with separate law …”

Arturo Picciotto How can the best practices of legal professionals with judicial cooperation be operationalised to improve mutual trust? S. 455-458

„… improve mutual trust? Arturo Picciotto Judge at the Court of Trieste, Italy There are several ways to …” „… practitioners and in sharing information about internal proceedings, best local practices and judicial decisions …” „… concerning this effect in the Regulation itself, the question is: is an Italian court entitled to order that …”

Pablo Cortés The Need for Synergies In Judicial Cooperation and Dispute Resolution: Changes in the European Small Claims Procedure S. 379-402

„… to court because the cost of doing so was disproportionate in terms of costs and lengthy proceedings …” „… . Pablo Cortés 396 cess. Litigants should be able to request the court to stay proceedings for a short …” „… courts through a less formal and expeditious judicial procedure that does not require parties to have …”

Christopher Hodges, Stefaan Voet Consumer Dispute Resolution Mechanisms: Effective Enforcement and Common Principles S. 353-378

„… ADR procedures, while the cost of court proceedings may be partially borne by the general public …” „… procedure for the enforcement of substantive law.1 Its natural habitat is the courts. However, these courts …” „… small or moderate value claim”.2 In most European jurisdictions courts are per‐ ceived as, and in most …”

Ernst Steigenga, Marco Velicogna Envisioning the Next Step in e-Justice: In Search of the Key to Provide Easy Access to Cross-border Justice for All Users S. 243-270

„… . Contini, “Reassembling the Legal: The Wonders of Modern Sci‐ enceʼ in Court-Related Proceedings”, 20 …” „… Https://e-justice.europa.eu/content_cooperation_in_civil_matters-75-en.do. 18 Council Regulation (EC) No 1206/2001 of 28 May 2001 on cooperation between the courts …” „… to its “great poten‐ tial to redefine court boundaries and make it more accessible and compre …”

John Sorabji Taking Justice Online: Developments in England and Wales and Their Potential Influence on European Procedural Harmonisation S. 213-242

„… of court officials akin to Sander’s screening clerk, who would deal with proceedings once they were …” „… development of digitization of the civil courts in England and Wales and the proposals to create a standalone …” „… entirely online civil court within the jurisdiction. It looks at the back‐ ground to these developments in …”

C.H. van Rhee Approximation of Civil Procedural Law in the European Union S. 63-76

„… does not have (and most likely does not want to have) a system of supra-national EU courts that hear …” „… be the task of the national courts within the EU, steps need to be taken in order to guarantee that …” „… the citizens of the EU can litigate before courts that provide justice in a manner that is comparable …”

Jan von Hein Comments on Christopher A. Whytock, Harmonization of EU Procedural Law: Is the US a Positive or Negative Model? S. 159-180

„… courts. This possibility is analyzed with regard to cross-border litiga‐ tion involving third states, an …” „… . Since there is no Euro‐ pean equivalent to the US system of federal courts (and correspondingly no true …” „… ‐ eral courts, these rules have exerted a considerable influence on state leg‐ islators as well because …”

Norel Rosner Common Rules and Best Practices From the Perspective of the European Commission S. 31-34

„… evidence, and ensuring the best interests of the child in family proceedings. Several existing civil …” „… developed, in the context of the interpreta‐ tion of these instruments, through the case law of the Court of …” „… proceedings with the view to evaluate the practicability and feasibility of minimum standards in the area of …”

Monique Hazelhorst Harmonious Judicial Cooperation Through Harmonisation: (What) Can We Learn From Criminal Matters? S. 119-132

„… of “abolition, pure and simple, of any checks on the foreign judgment by courts in the requested …” „… date and time of the trial. In Spain, the Con‐ stitutional Court however considered unconstitutional …” „… Aranyosi and Robert Căldăraru, ECLI:EU:C:2016:198. 14 Spanish Constitutional Court, judgement of 28 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Contents 6 Transplanting Best Practices from ADR Mechanisms to Court Proceedings in Cross-border Litigation …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845285214

Hélène Ruiz Fabri - International Law and Litigation

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Hélène Ruiz Fabri (ed.)

International Law and Litigation

Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law

Volume 15 2019

Results in this title

Allan Rosas The Interaction Between the European Court of Justice and National Courts in Preliminary Ruling Proceedings: Some Institutional and Procedural Observations S. 603-624

„… proceedings have expressed the wish that a question be referred to the Court”. It is thus for the national …” „… courts and tribunals in relation to the initiation of preliminary ruling proceedings61 thus underline the …” „… proceedings before the Court and that it must contain such information as will enable the Court to give a …”

Laurence Boisson de Chazournes Parallel and Overlapping Proceedings in International Economic Law: Towards an Ordered Co-existence S. 331-362

„… coordinates proceedings—but also with doing justice to the parties by ensuring that the most appropriate court …” „… multiplicity of courts and tribunals, such parallel proceedings have, until recently, been rare. As such …” „… overlapping proceedings. Parallel proceedings can involve the same parties in different courts that never …”

Rob Howse International Investment Law and Arbitration: A Conceptual Framework S. 363-446

„… legal issues to those they are addressing as an arbitrator in other proceedings-in my view a grotesque …” „… litigation (very recently rivalled perhaps by the International Criminal Court, which is facing a stark …” „… ordinary courts around the world. This regime has, more or less plausibly, been painted as a network of …”

Marco Benatar Cyber Espionage in Inter-State Litigation S. 271-300

„… integrity of the dispute resolution proceedings themselves, including by rendering the work of a court or …” „… proceedings, the applicant asked the Court to adopt provisional measures aimed at protecting the seized …” „… rg/espionage-fraud-good-faith-in-treaty-negotiations-east-timor-v-australia-in-the-p ermanent-court-of-arbitration/ (last visited 23 October 2018). These proceedings are distinct from …”

Rüdiger Wolfrum Advisory Opinions: An Alternative Means to Avoid the Development of Legal Conflicts? S. 99-106

„… dictum of the International Court of Justice, advisory opinions are not a means “to settle” – at least …” „… standing international courts have the competence to deliver advisory opinions. In that respect they follow …” „… the example of the Permanent Court of International Justice which, on the basis of Article 14 of the …”

Matina Papadaki Substantive and Procedural Rules in International Adjudication: Exploring their Interaction in Intervention before the International Court of Justice S. 37-64

„… , Interventions in Proceedings before International Courts and Tribunals: to what Extent may Interventions serve …” „… parts of the proceedings; and the sufficiency of the Court's practice concerning confidentiality of …” „… proceedings, it could be found in the fact that by becoming a party to the Statute of the Court a State …”

Andrea Hamann The Use of Ex Curia Experts in International Litigation: Why the WTO Dispute Settlement Cannot Serve to Improve ICJ Practice S. 107-146

„… proceedings shall consist of the hearing by the Court of witnesses, experts, agents, counsel, and advocates …” „… proceedings the relevant provision is Article 51 of the Statute, which refers to the Rules of the Court and …” „… Serve to Improve ICJ Practice Andrea Hamann* Introduction The practice of international courts and …”

Henok Birhanu Asmelash Domestic and Multilateral Forums for the Judicial Review of U.S. Trade Remedy Determinations: Complementary or Conflicting? S. 479-512

„… proceedings”). CIT is an “Article III” court, meaning its nine active judges have life tenure under the …” „… WTO dispute settlement proceedings vary from those that can be obtained from the US Courts for the …” „… United States trade remedy determinations are frequent both in domestic courts and in the WTO. 46 of the …”

André Nunes Chaib Due Process and Procedural Law in Accountability Mechanisms: The Case of the World Bank S. 569-602

„… due process of law, as applied to judicial courts’ activities, results in a process of judicialization …” „… to judicial proceedings. The chapter will follow by presenting the way in which due process is …” „… applied in courts, may be used as a normative principle in international organizations (III). Lastly, the …”

Dalia Palombo The Lack of Effective Remedies at the European Court of Human Rights after Opinion 2/13 S. 695-724

„… Boivin and Connolly, domestic courts were themselves involved in the EU’s judicial proceedings. This is …” „… The Lack of Effective Remedies at the European Court of Human Rights after Opinion 2/13 Dalia …” „… of redress at the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) when the European Union (EU) violates their …”

Parvathi Menon The Procrustean Bed of Colonial Laws: A Case of the British Empire in India S. 183-204

„… was considered to be the highest court of appeal, rather than of original proceedings. There was a …” „… Court of Directors, No. 6, 30 September 1835, Legislative Proceedings, 10 October 1836, Nos. 20-21; See …” „… describe the lack of written records, professional staff, and a hierarchy of courts organized …”

Hélène Ruiz Fabri, Edoardo Stoppioni Introduction S. 5-18

„… Between the European Court of Justice and National Courts in Preliminary Ruling Proceedings: Some …” „… Luxembourg for Procedural Law. 1 L. Boisson de Chazournes, Plurality in the Fabric of International Courts …” „… settlement. An arbitrator before the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) in several landmark cases, he was …”

Aravind Ganesh Distant Strangers and Standing in Polisario S. 625-658

„… cases before the EU courts, the latest instalment in the decades-long legal struggle over the Western …” „… courts of the EU interpreted the rules of EU law on standing to bring judicial review, with a view to …” „… 2015 judgment of the General Court of the European Union (General Court), which partially annulled a I …”

Michel Erpelding Evidence Requirements before 19th Century Anti-Slave Trade Jurisdictions and Slavery as a Standard of Treatment S. 205-232

„… 1872, ibid., 524-525. 110 For a copy of the court proceedings and judgment in the matter of Heriero vs …” „… evidence applicable before Mixed Commissions18 and domestic courts19 assigned with the task of implementing …” „… despite the fact that no victims of the trade had been found aboard. Courts could now rely on the mere …”

Christoph Schreuer Consent to Arbitration through Legislation S. 447-478

„… made simply by instituting proceedings.1 The possibility that a host State may express its consent to …” „… referring to decisions of the Permanent Court of International Justice and of the International Court of …” „… said: As established by the International Court of Justice when interpreting optional declarations of …”

Remy Jorritsma Unravelling Attribution, Control and Jurisdiction: Some Reflections on the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights S. 659-694

„… of proceedings before the Court, notably in cases involving Northern Cyprus (with respect to the …” „… Court of Human Rights Remy Jorritsma* Introduction This contribution provides a reflection on case law …” „… of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) dealing with issues of attribution, control and …”

Gabrielle Marceau, Clément Marquet Practices and Ways of Doing Things in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Law S. 513-550

„… basis for a legal claim, as mentioned in Article 38(1)(b) of the Statute of the International Court of …” „… , Article 38, in A. Zimmermann et al. (eds.), The Statute of the International Court of Justice: A …” „… paragraph 49 of its Judgment, the Court likewise gives its support to the view that the Parties …”

Edouard Fromageau Quasi-Judicial Bodies as Procedural Innovations: The World Bank Access to Information Appeals Procedure S. 551-568

„… , selection processes...); communications of governors and/or executive directors' offices; proceedings of the …” „… Procedure is not composed of actual courts or tribunals, it is a plausible option to place its organs in the …” „… Practice of International and National Courts and the (De-) Fragmentation of International Law (2012), 269 …”

Edoardo Stoppioni L’accès direct de la personne privée à la juridiction internationale : Une comparaison entre l’arbitrage d’investissement et le contentieux de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme S. 147-182

„… ), 99 : « the voices of these individuals are curiously absent from the courts’ proceedings. Only …” „… 27 juillet 2006, Requête n°69481/01, § 170 : « The Court reiterates that proceedings in certain type …” „… néanmoins M. O. Hudson, The Central American Court of Justice, 26(4) The American Journal of International …”

Tamar Meshel The Dual Role of Procedure in International Water Law S. 65-90

„… transboundary waters.20 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has highlighted the “cascading nature” of some …” „… Activities carried out by Nicaragua in the Border Area (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua), Proceedings joined with …” „… , para. 119. The Dual Role of Procedure in International Water Law 69 However, the Court discussed the …”

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