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OER Osteuropa Recht

Browse Volumes: OER Osteuropa Recht

OER Volume 69 (2023) Issue 1 ISSN Online: 2366-6730

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Maciej Bujalski Principle of Cumulative Concurrence of Tort and Contractual Liability in Polish Law S. 28-44

„… , breach of contract, damage, compensation for moral damages, non-cumul principle, concurrence of norms …” „… compensation for the damage suffered, would have to invoke various regimes of liability. The cumul principle …” „… possibility of compensation for moral damages resulting from a breach of contract and the question of …”

Aizhan Abdrassulova The Development of the Process of Informatization, Digitalization and the Place of Information in the Kazakh Legal System S. 45-55

„… been violated has the right to compensation for moral damage. Consequently, violation of the rules for …” „… form of damages and compensation for moral damage.This legislative decision is of interest as the …” „… Aizhan AbdrassulovaThe Development of the Process of Informatization, Digitalization and the Place …”

Dimitar Stoimenov Interaktion zwischen Antidiskriminierungs- und Zivilrecht in Bulgarien S. 4-12

„… administrative and private law remedies, but only private law remedies provide for compensation for damages …” „… remedies provide for compensation for damages (including for moral injury). There is some case law relating …” „… the relevant part of the acquis communautaire. The law takes account for indirect and direct …”

doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2023-1

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch - CETA Investment Law

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Marc Bungenberg (ed.), August Reinisch (ed.)

CETA Investment Law

2022

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Irmgard Marboe Article 8.40 Indemnification or other compensation S. 856-875

„… other compensation for all or part of its alleged damages’.Art. 8.40 Indemnification or other …” „… compensation is also calculated differently. While the rules ofassessment of monetary damages in Article 8.39(3 …” „… other compensation for all or part of its alleged damages.14To ensure that the rights of the national …”

Irmgard Marboe Article 8.39 Final award S. 826-855

„… ; Irmgard Marboe, Calculation ofDamages and Compensation in International Investment Law (2nd ed, Oxford …” „… awarded, in Mar-boe, Calculation of Compensation and Damages in Investment Arbitration (2017), 389 f.71 …” „… value of it. The term ‘monetary damages’ in this case should be understood asmeaning ‘compensation’ as …”

Stephan Hobe, Julian Scheu Article 8.24 Proceedings under another international agreement S. 553-565

„… .48 Miles and Weiss, ‘Overview of Principles Reducing Damages’ in Trenor (ed), The Guide to Damagesin …” „… mere overlapof compensations is sufficient to trigger the application of Article 8.24. In sum …” „… explicitly set out in lit. a) and concerns the ‘potential for overlapping compensation’.The prohibition of …”

Patricia Nacimiento Article 8.13 Transfers S. 337-359

„… working in connectionwith an investment; and(g) payments of damages pursuant to an award issued under …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46g) Payment of Damages Pursuant to an Award Issued through anInvestor-State Arbitration …” „… CETA. Both provisions expressly include transfers of compensation for ex-propriation (under Articles …”

Markus Burgstaller Article 8.22 Procedural and other requirements for the submission of a claim to the Tribunal S. 534-542

„… issue; and (e) the relief sought and the estimated amount of damagesclaimed’.17 Murphy Exploration and …” „… Article 8.22Procedural and other requirements for the submission of a claim tothe Tribunal1. An …” „… , with the submission of a claim, its consent to thesettlement of the dispute by the Tribunal in …”

Christoph Schreuer Article 8.11 Compensation for losses S. 277-296

„… beeneffected shall offer adequate compensation in respect of such losses or damages, irrespective of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10I. Conditions for the Application of Compensation-for-Losses Clauses . . . . . 10II. Application of …” „… Pakistan of 1959 contained a compensation-for-losses clause.2Canada’s BITs, starting in 1989, routinely …”

Arnaud de Nanteuil Article 8.14 Subrogation S. 360-373

„… indemnifyanother party (the insured) against the risk of loss, damage, etc. arising from theoccurrence of some …” „… compensation for the loss under an insurancecontract.35This tends to prove that the object of the subrogation …” „… ensure that theguarantor/insurer can get compensation for having paid for the consequences of anact of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… on the issue of compensation and damages in International InvestmentLaw. Her book Calculation of …” „… investors and of covered investments ...............................Article 8.10 256Compensation for losses …” „… Compensation and Damages in International InvestmentLaw is frequently quoted in investor-State arbitration …”

Colin M. Brown Article 8.27 Constitution of the Tribunal S. 600-609

„… damages claimed are relatively low. Such a request shallbe made before the constitution of the division of …” „… respondent because cases involving small ormedium sized companies or relatively small amounts of damages may …” „… Article 8.27Constitution of the Tribunal1. The Tribunal established under this Section shall decide …”

Index S. 979-994

„… 26 ff.– compensation 8.11 1Atomisation of disputes 8.28 5Attributability 8.1 24Attribution of …” „… 8.12 6– transfer of title 8.12 22Extended war clauses– compensation 8.11 4 ff.– military necessity …” „… IndexBold numbers refer to articles, normal ones to margin numbers.Abuse of rights 8.16 3, 9 …”

Markus Burgstaller Article 8.23 Submission of a claim to the Tribunal S. 543-552

„… the investor is a small or medium-sizedenterprise or the compensation or damages claimed are …” „… Article 8.23Submission of a claim to the Tribunal1. If a dispute has not been resolved through …” „… consultations, a claim may be submit-ted under this Section by:(a) an investor of a Party on its own behalf …”

Stefanie Schacherer Article 8.9 Investment and regulatory measures S. 236-255

„… environment ‘wherethere are threats of serious or irreversible damage’; and in the field of labour ’in case of …” „… or reduced, by a Party, does not constitute a breach of this Article,even if there is loss or damage …” „… Commission declared the pay-ment of compensation under an ICSID award of € 82 million plus interest in favour …”

Ursula Kriebaum Article 8.12 Expropriation S. 297-336

„… non-discriminatory manner; andd. on payment of prompt, adequate and effective compensation.For greater certainty …” „… amount of compensation due in the case of anexpropriation dominated the debate throughout the twentieth …” „… right to compensation.Therefore, the question whether an expropriation can be established, is of …”

Marc Bungenberg, Afolabi Adekemi Article 8.18 CETA (Scope) S. 434-484

„… Section C Resulting in Loss or DamageSection C of the CETA simply guarantees the right to …” „… investment,or(b) Section D, where the investor claims to have suffered loss or damage as aresult of the alleged …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67a) Breach of Obligation under Section C Resulting in Loss or Damage . . . . 69aa) Breach of …”

Erman Özgür Article 8.3 Relation to other chapters S. 147-158

„… 8.10 (Treatment of investors and of covered investments), 8.11 (Compensation for losses),8.12 …” „… ), 8.11 (Compensation for losses),8.12 (Expropriation), 8.13 (Transfers), or 8.16 (Denial of …” „… Compensation, which was made applicable byoperation of Article 1401(2) of Chapter 14.41In arguing the above …”

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch An Overview of the CETA – Investment Chapter (Chapter 8) S. 1-42

„… fact that ‘excessive’ punitive damages (four times the amount of the actualdamage) were awarded, but …” „… corporateclaims for damages. […] Through regulatory chill effects and the cost of arbitration and awards …” „… – potentially paving the way formillions of euro in compensation, paid by European taxpayers’; further on this …”

Julian Scheu Article 8.31 Applicable law and interpretation S. 704-737

„… unanimously accepted them. See Pope & Talbot Inc., UNCITRAL, Awardin Respect of Damages (31 May 2002), para …” „… compensation of investorsand would therefore be the primary legal source in that regard. However …” „… , generalprinciples of international law such as the duty to mitigate damages might be directlyapplicable as …”

Lars Markert Article 8.25 Consent to the settlement of the dispute by the Tribunal S. 566-583

„… Article 8.25Consent to the settlement of the dispute by the Tribunal*1. The respondent consents to …” „… the settlement of the dispute by the Tribunal inaccordance with the procedures set out in this Section …” „… .2. The consent under paragraph 1 and the submission of a claim to the Tribunalunder this Section …”

Lukas Stifter Article 8.32 Claims manifestly without legal merit S. 738-756

„… Party), 8.39 (Final award) and 8.40 (Indemnification or other compensation) of theAgreement shall apply …” „… the constitution of the divisionof the Tribunal, and in any event before its first session, file an …” „… as precisely as possible the basis for the objection.4. On receipt of an objection pursuant to this …”

Marc Bungenberg, Angshuman Hazarika Article 8.1 Definitions S. 43-113

„… and of covered investments (Article 8.10), Compensation for losses(Article 8.11), Transfers (Article …” „… Article 8.1DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Chapter:activities carried out in the exercise of …” „… an aircraftor a part of an aircraft while it is withdrawn from service and do not includeso-called …”

Marc Bungenberg, Angshuman Hazarika, Afolabi Adekemi Article 8.2 Scope S. 114-146

„… itsterritory relating to:(a) an investor of the other Party;(b) a covered investment; and(c) with respect to …” „… Article 8.5, any investments in its territory.2. With respect to the establishment or acquisition of a …” „… services in support of air services and other servicessupplied by means of air transport, other than:(i …”

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch Article 8.29 Establishment of a multilateral investment tribunal and appellate mechanism S. 633-653

„… applicable IIAs and the award of damages and/or compensation. Certainly, MICdecisions need to be enforceable …” „… Article 8.29Establishment of a multilateral investment tribunal andappellate mechanismThe Parties …” „… shall pursue with other trading partners the establishment of a multilat-eral investment tribunal and …”

Marc Bungenberg, Anna Holzer Article 8.41 Enforcement of awards S. 876-916

„… of necessary formalities for the payments of compensation or for thetransfer of payments.If a party …” „… Article 8.41Enforcement of awards1. An award issued pursuant to this Section shall be binding …” „… between the disputingparties and in respect of that particular case.2. Subject to Paragraph 3, a disputing …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902133

Anja Tyzak - Die Geltung der CMR für die Straßenstrecke im Multimodaltransport

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Anja Tyzak

Die Geltung der CMR für die Straßenstrecke im Multimodaltransport

Series: Studien zum Handels-, Arbeits- und Wirtschaftsrecht

Volume 138 2011

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Auszug aus den Richtlinien der Internationalen Handelskammer S. 208-214

„… the CTO is liable to pay compensation in respect of loss of, or damage to the goods and the stage of …” „… mentioned in article 31.Article 19. MT-Konvention lautet: Localized damageWhen the loss of or damage to the …” „… operator’s liability for such loss or damage shall be determined by reference to the provisions of such …”

Auszug aus den Standardbedingungen des FIATA Bill of Lading S. 214-221

„… Freight Forwarder’s Liability8.1. Assessment of compensation for loss of or damage to the goods shall be …” „… gross weight of the goods lost or damaged.6.4. When the loss of or damage to the goods occurred during …” „… loss or damage other than loss of or damage to the goods, theliability of the MTO shall be limited to …”

Auszug aus dem Übereinkommenstext des TCM-Entwurfs von 1971 S. 202-207

„… damage to, the goods occurring betweenthe time when he receives the goods into his charge and the time of …” „… such loss or damage arose or resulted from:(a) the wrongful act or neglect of the consignor or the …” „… the operator of a nuclear installation or a person actingfor him is liable for this damage under an …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845229461

Julia Iliopoulos-Strangas, Stanislaw Biernat, Michael Potacs - Verantwortung, Haftung und Kontrolle des Verfassungsstaates und der Europäischen Union im Wandel der Zeit - Responsibility, Accountability and Control of the Constitutional State and the European Union in Changing Times - Responsabilités et Contrôle de l' État constituionnel et de l'Union européenne au fil du temps

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Julia Iliopoulos-Strangas (ed.), Stanislaw Biernat (ed.), Michael Potacs (ed.)

Verantwortung, Haftung und Kontrolle des Verfassungsstaates und der Europäischen Union im Wandel der Zeit - Responsibility, Accountability and Control of the Constitutional State and the European Union in Changing Times - Responsabilités et Contrôle de l' État constituionnel et de l'Union européenne au fil du temps

Series: Societas Iuris Publici Europaei (SIPE)

Volume 9 2014

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Monika Kawczy?ska Concurrent Liability of the European Union and the Member States S. 73-92

„… EU courts shall have exclusive jurisdictionin cases regarding compensation of damage arising from …” „… damages against the EU.23Fourthly, compensation of genuine damages suffered by the applicant – whenthe …” „… the financial burden of compensation for damages caused by the EU. In theEurico case, the Court of …”

Nina Pó?torak State Liability in EU Law – Have the Member States Learnt anything in 20 Years after “Francovich”? S. 181-194

„… can claim compensation for the damages caused to them by other private parties in breach of …” „… damage caused to individuals by breaches of Community law” and that “this is a rule, which is inherent in …” „… , “Injunctions AndDamages Against The State For Breach Of Community Law. A Legitimate Judicial Development”, in …”

Antonio Lazari State Liability in Comparative and European Union Law S. 123-144

„… envisaged is compensation for damage. In the case of Anns v. Merton London Borough Council[1978] A.C. 728 …” „… , the plaintiff has to prove that he suffered particular damage greaterthan that suffered by members of …” „… system is a fault system because it is based on:– the absence of damages for economic loss and policy …”

Attila Vincze Der Einfluss des Europarechts auf die Haftung für legislatives Unrecht aus rechtsvergleichender Sicht S. 21-50

„… respondents to compensation for damage directly caused by thatbreach“.135 R v. Secretary of State for …” „… that the law will not tolerate such behaviour. Withoutan award of exemplary damages, justice will not …” „… have been done. Exemplary damages, as aremedy of last resort, fill what otherwise would be a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… a„separate“ claim for compensation in the Treaties. Nevertheless, the principle ofArt 340 (2) TFEU has been …” „… adopted as a „right” to damages within the right to goodadministration in Article 41 (3) of the Charter of …” „… Verfassungsstaates und der Europäischen Union im Wandel der Zeit Responsibility, Accountability and Control of the …”

Marten Breuer Die Funktion der Staatshaftung nach Unionsrecht und EMRK im Vergleich S. 203-228

„… Nature and Assessment of Damages“, in: KOZIOL /SCHULZE (Hrsg.), Tort Law of the European Community, Wien …” „… ff.; Ken OLIPHANT, „The Nature and Assessment of Damages“, in:KOZIOL / SCHULZE (Hrsg.), Tort Law of …” „… several occasions to impose any form of punitive orexemplary damages“.99 Auch in der Practice Direction …”

Verantwortung des Verfassungsstaates und der Europäischen Union: Formen und Rechtsgrundlagen/Responsibility of the Constitutional State and the European Union: Forms and Legal Foundations/La responsabilité de l'État constitutionnel et de l'Union européenne : Formes et fondements juridiques S. 97-114

„… , Cheltenham,2012.4 Michael G. FAURE, « Accident compensation »; Siewert D. LINDENBERGH,« Damages …” „… aurait-il choisi d’intituler son sujet « Political Responsibility and LegalLiability of Cabinet Members » ou …” „… encore « Accountability and Liability of CabinetMembers ».Soyons clairs : ces différences ne sont pas …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259314

Jens Peter Schmidt, Fabian Hübener - New Digital Markets Act

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Jens Peter Schmidt (ed.), Fabian Hübener (ed.)

New Digital Markets Act

2023

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Gonçalo Machado Borges, Sofia Vaz Sampaio, Leonor Martins Machado J. Private enforcement in Portugal S. 165-171

„… detrimental to the full effectiveness of the claimant’s right.Actions for compensation of damagesPresumably, a …” „… adequate procedural means, which includes legal actions (for performance or compensation of damages) and …” „… without the damages caused.Injunctive reliefIn addition to actions for compensation of damages, claimants …”

Pablo Figueroa, Jorge Masía, Ana Parés K. Private enforcement in Spain S. 171-175

„… compensation for the loss and damage caused to consumers or users harmed as a result of the infringing conduct …” „… caused the damages).An example of such a claim based on Art. 1902 CC could be non-compliance with Art …” „… the amount of actual damages resulting from somebody else’s acts or behaviour is an essential …”

Rick Cornelissen, Lumine van Uden I. Private enforcement in the Netherlands S. 153-164

„… to tort, the action must be brought before the court of the place where the damage occurs. In general …” „… obligation towards that other person to compensate the damage up to the amount of his enrichment, as far as …” „… the impoverishment, and (iv) the unjustified nature of the enrichment. The compensation that can be …”

Franck Audran, Elsa Mandel E. Private enforcement in France S. 128-135

„… enforcement of the DMA. In this regard, the framework applicable to damages claims for violations of …” „… Damages Directive78 clearly limit its scope to claims based on infringement of competition law, namely …” „… dominance) and L.420 – 5 (abuse of economic dependency) French Commercial Code.79 Therefore, any damages …”

Henner Schläfke, Immo Schuler D. International jurisdiction S. 127-128

„… compensation for that harm’, indicates that the basis of the claim for damages is not European Union law but …” „… , the question as to ‘how’ to deal with damages is left to national law, subject to the requirements of …” „… necessity of a claim for damages in competition law can also be applied to the related provisions of the DMA …”

Henner Schläfke, Immo Schuler C. Civil law claims under the DMA S. 125-127

„… and damages may arise.With regard to the access rights of business users, it is also possible to take …” „… the exercise of the right to claim compensation for the harm resulting from an agreement or practice …” „… damages is left to national law, subject to the requirements of European Union law. As far as competition …”

Rob Corbet, Richard Willis G. Private enforcement in Ireland S. 145-149

„… the assertion of claims for damages. As chambers of the regional courts responsible for competition …” „… for a determination by the CJEU as to the recoverability of damages under the GDPR for non-material …” „… , the plaintiff sues the defendant for the wrong caused. The compensation sought for damage caused is …”

Index S. 255-260

„… et seqq.Claim for damages 13 215 et seqq., 260 et seq.– follow-on action 13 216– risk of …” „… seqq.Presumption of damage 13 149Presumption, rebuttal of 4 12 et seqq.– substantiated reasons 4 13 et …” „… , 13 1 et seqq.– assessment of damage 13 145– binding effect 13 114– business user 13 13 et seqq., 109 …”

Henner Schläfke, Immo Schuler A. Private enforcement – a key implementation mechanism of the DMA S. 114-116

„… for compensation of damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260b …” „… matter of private enforcement114 Henner Schläfke/Immo Schuler1cess or, alternatively, damages, albeit …” „… implementation mechanism of the DMAHenner Schläfke/Immo Schuler 11523of the Damages Directive4 (→ mn. 110 et seqq …”

Francesco Maria Salerno, Edoardo Ricci H. Private enforcement in Italy S. 149-153

„… compensation for damages. Such action shall be time-barred in ten years from the moment of breach of the …” „… , obliges the author of the act to compensate the damage’.The competitor wishing to bring an action for …” „… subsequent event per se capable of causing the damage. The limitation period for non-contractual damages is …”

Juliane Mendelsohn, Oliver Budzinski Chapter 2 DMA: background, objectives, and its relationship to competition law S. 3-22

„… activities of gatekeepers and see power and information asymmetries as the cause of compensation concerns …” „… Mendelsohn/Oliver BudzinskiBibliography: Acquisti/Taylor/Wagman, ‘The Economics of Privacy’, Journal of Economic …” „… of the Framework and Approach of the EU Digital Markets Act’, ELR 47 (2022), 85; Aristotle …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748937067

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