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Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods - Perspectives on Platform Regulation

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Judit Bayer (ed.), Bernd Holznagel (ed.), Päivi Korpisaari (ed.), Lorna Woods (ed.)

Perspectives on Platform Regulation

Series: Recht und Digitalisierung | Digitization and the Law

Volume 1 2021

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Judit Bayer, Bernd Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods Conclusions: Regulatory Responses to Communication Platforms: Models and Limits S. 565-584

„… Conclusions: Regulatory Responses to Communication Platforms: Models and Limits Judit Bayer, Bernd …” „… Holznagel, Päivi Korpisaari, Lorna Woods (eds) Communication Platforms In this book, we focused on …” „… “communication platforms”. Platforms have come to define and dominate several areas of social existence …”

Jan Christopher Kalbhenn European Legislative Initiative for Very Large Communication Platforms S. 47-76

„… European Legislative Initiative for Very Large Communication Platforms Jan Christopher Kalbhenn …” „… , Communication from the commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social …” „… for communication platforms.6 A similar picture emerges in competition law. In recent years, the …”

Kuo-Wei Wu, Shun-Ling Chen, Poren Chiang „Open with Caution“. How Taiwan Approaches Platform Governance in the Global Market and Geopolitics S. 165-186

„… Manila Principles and support a self-regulatory model.77 Instead of revising the digital communications …” „… companies accountable to values in democratic societies, the EU proposes a more interventionist model. The …” „… finds both models inadequate. This paper explains Taiwan’s specific concerns and offers examples of how …”

Lorna Woods Introducing the Systems Approach and the Statutory Duty of Care S. 77-98

„… for Content Policy in the field of communications, including the mass media, accepted a basic …” „… development of the EU communications package,3 though of course there have always been connections between …” „… European Electronic Communications Code, Directive 2018/1972 , [2018] OJ l 321/36, rec 7; see also views of …”

Richard Janda Protecting Democratic Expression Online: Canada’s Work in Progress S. 365-414

„… observations about how Canada could reinforce online dispute resolution and help shift platform business models …” „… current role for Canada’s communications, human rights and privacy agencies; c) the restricted reach of …” „… related computers, including the Internet, or any similar means of communication, but does not apply in …”

Judit Bayer, Lorna Woods, Bernd Holznagel Introduction S. 9-22

„… Conclusions: Regulatory Responses to Communication Platforms: Models and Limits 565 Judit Bayer, Bernd …” „… Content Introduction 13 Judit Bayer, Lorna Woods, Bernd Holznagel Models of Platform Regulation …” „… Communication Platforms 47 Jan Christopher Kalbhenn Introducing the Systems Approach and the Statutory Duty of …”

Siwal Ashwini Social Media Platform Regulation in India – A Special Reference to The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 S. 215-232

„… towards a co-regulatory model relying both on statutory framework and self-regulation of SMPs. The chapter …” „… Rules, 2021 215 Introduction State and private investments in communication technologies have resulted …” „… deliberated or debated among the Indian communication scholars to the desired extent despite the meteoric …”

Bernd Holznagel, Jan Christopher Kalbhenn Media Law Regulation of Social Networks - Country Report: Germany S. 261-290

„… Corona outbreak and the expansion of the new 5G mobile communications standard. False information spread …” „… discourse The discourse model of the German Constitution (Grundgesetz) can only function if political will …” „… opinion, but are "determined by one-sided interests or the economic rationality of a business model …”

Michael Geist Reshaping Canada’s Broadcasting Act: Solutions in Search of a Problem? S. 291-328

„… points to the need to rethink whether conventional broadcast legislation is the optimal regulatory model …” „… Similarly, in 2009 Bell Media, Canada’s largest communications company, told the Commission that OTT …” „… provided in the consultation document, the government was less than clear in its communication on the issue …”

Izumi Aizu Digital Platform Regulation in Japan – does the soft approach work? S. 187-214

„… the “secrecy of communication.” 22 There is a “model contract article” jointly published by four …” „… model that strikes an appropriate balance between the freedom of expression and anti-racism.” 15 Higaki …” „… model of hate speech law in the world.” [emphasis added by the Author] “There are several points that we …”

Jörg Becker, Bernd Holznagel, Kilian Müller Interoperability of Messenger Services. Possibilities for a Consumer-Friendly Approach S. 119-144

„… , https://www.bitkom.org/Presse/Presseinformation/Zwei-von-drei-Internetnut zern-verwenden-Messenger.html. 3 „Zwei von drei Internetnutzern“. 119 used communication service …” „… communication and other services via the Internet.5 This means that, in contrast to traditional telephony and …” „… person. The message is sent via various open communication protocols such as XMPP, IRC, or Echo, or via …”

Maria L. Vazquez, Maria Carolina Herrera Rubio, Alejandro Aréchiga Morales Thoughts on the Regulation of Content on Social Media in Latin America: Authors’ Rights, Limitations and Content Filtering S. 233-260

„… communication technologies serves as a possible tool to attain social inclusion and achieve the region's Chapter …” „… use in much of Latin American households is limited to communication tools and social networks.”6 This …” „… . Communications Decency Act. Before going over the laws and rulings that have informed the intermediary liability …”

Peng Hwa Ang, Gerard Goggin The Regulation of Online Disinformation in Singapore S. 549-564

„… Singapore is typically seen by many governments as a model for governance, especially in the technology …” „… , especially with the new possibilities of communication via Internet, blogs, and mobile and social media …” „… Singapore perspective," Communications of the ACM 39, no. 6 (June 1996), https://doi.org/10.1145/228503.2 …”

Jacob Mchangama, Natalie Alkiviadou Protecting the Freedom of Expression in an Era of “Platformization:” Paving a Road to Censorship? S. 451-472

„… good reasons why social media platforms should be allowed to adopt and experiment with different models …” „… adapted to rather than copied from the current state centric model. However, this chapter will narrowly …” „… of Appeal. It will be argued that the South African model provides a more convincing, consistent and …”

Index S. 595-601

„… f., 74, 531–541 communication platforms 30 f., 34 f., 42, 47–51, 53–66, 71, 88–92, 112 f., 121, 182 …” „… ; 522; 524; 535; 541; 544; 549; 550-551; 556-560 models 25-163; 565-584 monetization of content 108 …” „… 489-506 Ofcom 80; 92; 338; 345-349; 575; 579; 581 Online Communication Services (OC- Ss) 399-405 online …”

Judit Bayer Rights and Duties of Online Platforms S. 23-46

„… Models of Platform Regulation Rights and Duties of Online Platforms Judit Bayer Abstract: One of …” „… Communications Decency Act (CDA) 1996, § 230. Judit Bayer 26 content when the notice-and-takedown regime applies …” „… , there are other crisis communication measures within the European body of laws in the realm of …”

Lorna Woods The UK’s Approach to Regulation of Digital Platforms S. 329-350

„… Communications Regulations22 (PECR)) for including marketing materials in communications with Leave.EU’s …” „… . 22 The Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 (SI 2003/2426 …” „… protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector [2002] OJ L201/37). 23 Leave.EU and Eldon v …”

Juliya Kharitonova, Larissa Sannikova Social Media Users Data Access: Russian Legal Approach S. 351-364

„… Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology, and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor) Order No …” „… a specific storage medium. This is information coming from any source and in any form. The Model Law …” „… should be classified as personal data. Sensitive personal data However, in general, the business model of …”

The Authors and Editors S. 585-594

„… Clermont-Ferrand city hall. He holds a degree in Communications. Ang Peng Hwa is professor at the Wee Kim Wee …” „… School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. His teaching and …” „… research interests combine law and communication, touching on internet law and policy, censorship, and the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929789

Ben Martin Irle - Convergence of Communications

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Ben Martin Irle

Convergence of Communications

Series: Materialien zur rechtswissenschaftlichen Medien- und Informationsforschung

Volume 62 2009

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Transferability of the U.K. Regulatory Model to German Communications Markets S. 348-357

„… new U.K. communications framework, the next section dealswith the transferability of the U.K. model …” „… model to the German communications markets, the following sectionwill first assess if and to what extent …” „… the U.K. Regulatory Model to German Communications MarketsThe above analysis demonstrated the …”

The Reformatory Initiative S. 200-210

„… and tele-services1179 and proposed to develop a newregulatory model for new forms of communications …” „… far-reachingregulatory model to cover all communications sectors was proposed. Thisapproach would require a new …” „… this thesis, i.e., the regulatory model,institutional arrangements, market entry and frequency …”

The New Telecommunications Act S. 331-348

„… model to the German communications markets, the following sectionwill first assess if and to what extent …” „… the U.K. Regulatory Model to German Communications MarketsThe above analysis demonstrated the …” „… U.K. model,therefore, would have required a complete reorganisation of the responsibilitiesheld in …”

Conclusion S. 327-329

„… constitute a new regulatory model relating to communications in its entirety but ratherone in which the scope …” „… applications available to the public, theCommunications Act 2003 (by means of replacement licences) adopted an …” „… communications. D. ConclusionThe above analysis demonstrates that the U.K. reform of communications regulation …”

Introduction S. 329-331

„… constitute a new regulatory model relating to communications in its entirety but ratherone in which the scope …” „… converging communications. This noteworthy difference between the German regulatoryreform and the U.K. model …” „… separated communications sectors. Excluding multimedia servicesfrom the newly introduced service category of …”

The Reformatory Process S. 246-253

„… arising in communications.1525 The third model was a variation of either the first orsecond option through …” „… REGULATIONI. The U.K. Reform – Communications Act 2003As the U.K. had been ahead in liberalizing and …” „… in accordancewith the European law developments. The outcome is the Communications Act2003, which …”

Final Conclusion S. 357-364

„… communications markets and services nor eliminate the dividing lines between differentforms of the media any time …” „… rejected and the convergence of communications andmedia regulation was not put to a vote.2305 Although …” „… transferral of theU.K. regulatory model fails at the federal state concept and the federal and statesrejection …”

Regulatory Issues Raised by Convergence S. 48-54

„… competition law. Moreover, arguably the convergence of communications is not well served by the existence of …” „… , although sector-specific regulation inthe present form no longer appears to be the adequate model of …” „… public-policy objectives are entirely obsolete.Reassessing traditional communications regulation against the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… the U.K. Regulatory Model to German Communications Markets 3481. Federalism and the Constitutional …” „… Hoffmann-RiemBand 62Ben Martin IrleConvergence of CommunicationsImplications for Regulating Market EntryNomos1 …” „… Irleand my wifeDr. Antonia von Reiche67AbstractConvergence in the context of communications means the …”

Conclusion S. 176-177

„… multimedia services and hampering the development of converging communications. The U.K. concept of …” „… communications regulation including both telecommunications and broadcasting has been considerably reformed by …” „… the Communications Act 2003. This however does not mean that the whole Concept of Broadcasting …”

The Significance of Telecommunications S. 61-63

„… a basicknowledge of the communications sectors and the market entry conditions as theywere or, as …” „… new E.U. communications directives becameoperative. The whole analysis is supposed to illustrate the …” „… entryconditions in the three communications sectors. Stating this, the aim of this analysis is to raise the issue …”

Technical Convergence S. 18-20

„… 18concept as to its transferability to the communications sector of Germany willdemonstrate the …” „… communications regulations implemented in the U.K. with the concepts adopted and discussed in Germany willfinally …” „… , different manifestations and practical consequences of convergence, its implications for the communications …”

Conclusion S. 241-245

„… . ConclusionThe new EU framework on communications regulation takes into account the implications convergence has …” „… for communications technologies and markets and introduced a significantly altered concept of market …” „… sector-specific regulation instead of pushing forward deregulation so as to leave communications to the forces of …”

The New Framework and its Implications on Market Entry S. 210-241

„… , i.e., the regulatory model,institutional arrangements, market entry and frequency allocation.B. The …” „… 210The key elements of future regulation introduced by the 1999 CommunicationsReview and the …” „… Direc-1226 Communication from the Commission. The results of the public consultation on the 1999 …”

Reassessment of Sector Specific Regulation S. 44-48

„… difficult since theface of the communications world is still in a state of flux and any change of existing …” „… regulation, the regulatory objectives, and principlesapplied have to be grasped.Communications regulation has …” „… the peculiarities of communications and thus may be more detailed and go beyond competition rules.160 …”

Regulierungsbehörde für Telekommunikation und Post (RegTP) [renamed as Bundesnetzagentur] S. 103-110

„… British Concurrency Regulations 2000 and with regard to models of regulating the converging communications …” „… withregard to the convergence of communications. The German Government is severely behing schedule of …” „… implementing the newEuropean directives on communications.478 Although drafts for a new Telecommunications Act …”

Public Broadcasting S. 133-138

„… BBC today, the fitness of the publicbroadcasting model in convergence times is a crucial question. In …” „… activities, in the long term theBBC model along with many other public broadcasters in Europe will be …” „… Communications Act 2003, which willbecome fully operative at the end of the year 2003 also in this chapter for …”

Introduction S. 177-178

„… 177reformatory principles of Communications Act 2003 are transferable to Germanregulation and which …” „… order. Shaping a new broadcasting system, the BBC served as a role model for impartial broadcasting …” „… thatwas only determined to be for the public good. Thus from the BBC model Germany derived the key points …”

Office of Communications (Ofcom) S. 253-269

„… forms of communications including bothof the hitherto separated telecommunications and broadcasting …” „… communications systems and services. As will be analysed in more detail below, theU.K. legislator followed the …” „… Communications Act 2003 provides for revised concepts of market entry regulation and frequency allocation …”

Introduction S. 99-103

„… will be met by the Communications Act 2003.V. GermanyA. IntroductionThe German telecommunications …” „… German Marks and accord-447 see for some examplementary figures: OECD. Communications Outlook 2001 …” „… .460 The vertical allocation of powers also followed theBritish model as the newly-founded …”

Former Monopolistic Structure of Telecommunications S. 63-65

„… communications have been a decisive motivating force furthering the developments and market activities in the …” „… telecommunications sector and thus smoothing the way forconvergence.A new set of directives on communications that …” „… new forms of nework utilisation. Second, it provided the model for sector-specific regulation and set …”

Radiocommunications Agency (RA) S. 87-89

„… ). Public Law. London / New York: Longman, pp. 58-59387 The advantages resulting from this regulatory model …” „… like transport, broadcasting,fixed and mobile communications, air traffic control, satellite navigation …” „… e-commerce sector may be regarded as one of the major developments innew communications. Wireless signal …”

The Dual Concept of Market Entry Regulation S. 269-327

„… objectives to be pursued in the regulationof communications networks and services and content services, there …” „… the relevant concepts of market entry regulation. Although the EU communications framework pointed out …” „… services, dual concepts of market entry regulation emerged for communications in the Member States applying …”

Conclusion S. 195-196

„… theconventional U.K. model only has limited potential to deal with convergenceapplications if at all. As regards …” „… followed by implementations in national laws. TheU.K. legislator adopted the new Communications Act 2003 …”

New Formation of the Multimedia Industry S. 41-44

„… for futureregulation models.148 European Commission. (1997). “Convergence Green Paper”, op. cit., ch …” „… communications world is still in a state of flux and any change of existing structures has to overcome the …”

Introduction S. 59-61

„… regimes, obliging prospectiveoperators wishing to become active in the communications business to obtain …” „… monitor whether the licensee complies with these regulations.Throughout communications including …” „… ed. Vol. 2: L-Z. London: Sweet& Maxwell Ltd., p. 109560the different traditions of the communications …”

Wireless Telegraphy Licensing S. 94-99

„… transmission in thedigital age of communications. Secondly, there will be even greater need to manage the …” „… of communications sys-418 Directive 97/13/EC, op. cit., Art. 11419 For a detailed insight of the fee …” „… . 1(1)95tems. Thus the Communications Act 2003 maintained the licence duty for services making use of radio …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845218571

Matthias R. Hastall - Kommunikation von Gesundheitsrisiken in Massenmedien

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Matthias R. Hastall

Kommunikation von Gesundheitsrisiken in Massenmedien

Series: Gesundheitskommunikation | Health Communication

Volume 4 2013

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 285-322

„… . Clarke (Hrsg.), New models for mass communication research (S. 205-242). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Atkin …” „… , and processing. In P. Clarke (Hrsg.), New models for mass communication research (S. 245-268). Beverly …” „… ). Linking the heuristicsystematic model and depth of processing. Communication Research, 29(6), 705-732 …”

Ansätze der Informationssuche S. 115-120

„… viele bekannte Furchtappellansätze wie das revidierte Health Belief Model (Rosenstock et al., 1988), die …” „… revidierte Protection Motivation Theory (Maddux & Rogers, 1983)29 und das Extended Parallel Process Model …” „… - 29 Die Revisionen beziehen sich beim Health Belief Model und bei der Protection Motivation Theory …”

Zusammenfassung S. 28-31

„… EventsReinforcersCOGNITIVEAppraisalMeaning“Explanatory Models”SOCIOCULTURALSocial SupportCustoms, ValuesSanctionsEMOTIONIntuitionFeelingsKapitel 2 …” „… Prävention und Erstehung von Erkrankungen. Das Integrated Sciences Model of Health Care (ISM) von Carr (1998 …” „… 1: Erweitertes Integrated Science Model (Darstellung nach Carr, 1998, S. 5.; Ergänzung der …”

Nützlichkeit von Botschaften: Informational Utility S. 75-78

„… (Zillmann, 1985). Ein erstes Informational Utility Model wurde von Atkin (1973, 1985) postuliert. Das Modell …” „… ‘utility’ we mean that individuals use or anticipate using mass communications for manifold social and …” „… untility-Modelch ein leicl et al., 200hlichkeitnformationendes Gesamtm Knobloch-Wtility-Modelsätze erfüllt rtragen …”

Arbeitsdefinition S. 31-33

„… nonthreatening communications, where personal relevance increases efforts to accurately process information …” „… Nützlichkeit und Notwendigkeit einer separaten Modellierung der Rezeption und Wirkung von …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845230153

Rinaldo Kühne - Emotionale Framing-Effekte auf Einstellungen

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Rinaldo Kühne

Emotionale Framing-Effekte auf Einstellungen

Series: Reihe Rezeptionsforschung

Volume 33 2015

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 354-387

„… knowledge-based model of the persistence of framing effects. Communication Theory, 22(4), 359–382. Balmas, M …” „… models with interactions. Communication Methods and Measures, 6(1), 1–11. Hofer, M. & Wirth, W. (2012 …” „… on-line and memory-based model of framing effects. Communications, 32(1), 51–78. Matthes, J. (2007b …”

Begriffsbestimmungen S. 24-39

„… ; Simon & Xenos, 2000). Simon und Xenos (2000) postulieren: A model of framing can be built on the premise …” „… frames present in the system’s communications” (Entman et al., 2009, S. 176). 2 …” „… Definition auch als Grundlage für das Modell kognitiver und emotionaler Framing-Effekte verwendet, welches in …”

Ein Modell kognitiver und emotionaler Framing-Effekte S. 137-190

„… durch Wahrnehmungsprozesse legen – wie zum Beispiel dem Limited Capacity Model (Lang, Bolls, Potter …” „… falsch sein können. 61 Laut dem Limited Capacity Model beeinflusst die formale Aufbereitung …” „… 5. Ein Modell kognitiver und emotionaler Framing-Effekte In diesem Kapitel wird ein Modell …”

Einleitung S. 11-23

„… of communication processes” (S. 258). Ähnlich postuliert Lang (2013), dass …” „… Meinungsbildung als problematisch. Das liberale Modell basiert auf einem repräsentativen Demokratieverständnis …” „… Gedanken ist im partizipatorischen Modell zentral. Dieses lehnt ein repräsentatives Demokratieverständnis …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259383

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Jörg Matthes

Framing-Effekte

Series: Reihe Rezeptionsforschung

Volume 13 2007

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Literatur S. 319-340

„… . Political Communication, 19(1), 113-118. Hallahan, K. (1999). Seven models of framing: Implications for …” „… Communication, 15(3), 302-318. Hügel, R., Degenhardt, W. & Weiss, H.-J.-. (1989). Structural equation models for …” „… Communication, 18(3), 301-319. Pitts, S. C., West, S. G. & Tein, J.-Y. (1996). Longitudinal measurement models …”

Framing und Macht S. 42-44

„… channels of mediated communication thus reveals a power structure“ (S. 419). Das politische System übt, so …” „… – Interessengruppen stehen in der schwächsten Position.34 Auch Entmans (2003, 2004) „Cascading activation“-Modell geht …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845214344

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