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Christopher Hodges, Stefaan M. Voet

Delivering Collective Redress

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

Results in this title

Collective Actions S. 43-144

„… 3 Collective Actions I. Introduction The fi rst technique is going to court. The (judicial …” „… ) collective action is a representative or non-representative action brought by a group representative acting …” „… issues. The scope of these collective actions can be universal (in the sense that they apply to all fi …”

European Policy and Mechanisms for Collective Redress S. 11-42

„… European model on collective redress. 1 Consumers argue for collective actions to be permitted, and …” „… business argues that collective actions will lead to abuse and harm the economy. Fourth, major scandals …” „… Class Actions to Collective Redress ’ ( 2009 ) 28 ( 1 ) Civil Justice Quarterly 41 – 66 . 30 C …”

Index S. 343-352

„… also deterrence Belgium: Belmed, 231 – 3 collective actions, 308 admissibility criteria, 44 …” „… Bulgaria: collective actions: appeals, 49 case study, 50 compensation orders, 49 jurisdiction …” „… Pfl eiderer case, 37 – 8 collective actions, 60 – 1 , 62 , 63 , 77 – 8 , 117 corporate …”

Conclusions S. 283-312

„… 1 R Money-Kyrle and C Hodges , ‘ European Collective Action : Towards Coherence ? ’ ( 2012 …” „… recommendations for future policy. I. Overview of the Mechanisms A. Collective Actions An increasing number …” „… of Member States have introduced domestic collective actions especially since 2005, and the rate has …”

Introduction: The Scope and the Criteria S. 1-10

„… is the courtbased civil procedure mechanism of some form of collective action. That assumption has …” „… , consumer advocates arguing for collective actions in order to achieve redress for multiple small claims …” „… collective actions because they give rise to blackmail through unmeritorious cases with massive fi nancial …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… .........................................................................................................40 3. Collective Actions …” „… ..............................................................................283 A. Collective Actions …” „… DELIVERING COLLECTIVE REDRESS: NEW TECHNOLOGIES This book charts the transformative shifts in …”

Reassessing the Objectives S. 261-282

„… , ‘ Collective Action and Class Action ’ in C Pich é (ed), The Class Action Effect : From the Legislator ’ s …” „… Consumer Collective Redress, COM(2008) 794, 27.11.2008, para 48 (US-style class actions are unacceptable …” „… (collective actions ‘ must not attract abusive litigation or have effects detrimental to respondents …”

Annex S. 313-342

„… preexisting law on collective actions it was required that all defendants should opt-in, which the defendants …” „… May 2003, the loan debts signifi cantly exceeded the share values. Various collective actions were …” „… later, the consumer association OCU fi led a collective action claiming undetermined individual …”

Regulatory Redress S. 153-210

„… rejected a litigation approach to consumer redress (and a collective action procedure) and favoured …” „… 1 See R Money-Kyrle , ‘ Collective Enforcement of Consumer Rights in the United Kingdom ’ in …” „… Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft , 2015 ) ; C Hodges , ‘ Mass Collective Redress : Consumer ADR and …”

Ombudsmen S. 211-260

„… standing to initiate a class action and to negotiate a collective settlement. 16 If a settlement cannot be …” „… court procedures in resolving individual claims. In relation to collective consumer redress, however …” „… typically able to deliver collective redress. This is a simple issue of system design. Schemes and …”

Criminal Compensation: Stand-alone and Consecutive Piggy-back S. 145-152

„… capacity is ‘ the authority (the power), the basis of which allows an action to be initiated. ’ The …” „… : http://unia.be/en/about-unia . 9 Act of 30 July 1981 for the punishment of certain actions motivated by racism of xenophobia …” „… parties to the criminal proceedings. 4 Besides the general conditions to commence an action, 5 the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845292359

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell, Olaf Deinert, Sophie Robin-Olivier - International and European Labour Law

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Edoardo Ales (ed.), Mark Bell (ed.), Olaf Deinert (ed.), Sophie Robin-Olivier (ed.)

International and European Labour Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

Results in this title

Olaf Deinert Introduction: Collective Organisation and Action S. 1454-1457

„… PART 7 COLLECTIVE ORGANIZATION AND ACTION Introduction: Collective Organisation and Action The …” „… previously was reluctant to recognise the right to bargain collectively3 and the right to collective action,4 …” „… contracting parties of the right of workers and employers to take collective action in cases of conflicts of …”

Daniel Ulber Article 28 CFREU Right of collective bargaining and action S. 1457-1492

„… CHAPTER I EU LAW Article 28 CFREU Right of collective bargaining and action Literature …” „… ; Novitz, Tonia, Collective Action and Fundamental Freedoms in Europe, Striking the Balance (Intersentia …” „… Gruyter 2015); Veneziani, Bruno, ‘Right of Collective Bargaining and action (Article 28)’ in B Bercusson …”

Article 28 CFREU Right of collective bargaining and action S. 218

„… collective bargaining and action For Article 28 CFREU, see the comment by D Ulber on Part 7, Chapter I …” „… contemplating collective redundancies’, ‘before the transfer is carried out’ and, as for the transferee, ‘in any …” „… ’ representatives within the collective redundancies and the transfer of undertaking procedures from their very …”

Henner Gött Article 6 RESC The right to bargain collectively S. 286-297

„… disputes; and recognise: 4 the right of workers and employers to collective action in cases of conflicts of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 V. Recognition of the right to collective action (para 4 …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 1. Collective action …”

Anne Trebilcock ILO Convention 87 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87), Convention 98 – Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) and Convention 154 – Collective Bargaining Convention, 1981 (No. 154) S. 1492-1513

„… assembly and association) and 28 (collective bargaining and action). 4 The UN Guiding Principles were …” „… expression of collective action as well as individual rights in the context of change. How freedom of …” „… 7 Collective Organization and Action 1494 Anne Trebilcock 6 7 8 include external experts, may be …”

Adam Sagan Article 11 ECHR Freedom of assembly and association S. 1513-1534

„… Collective Action under Article 11 ECHR’ in Dorssemont, Lörcher and Schömann (eds), The European Convention …” „… Collective Action – in Particular the Right to Strike – as a Fundamental Right’ in Rönmar (ed), Labour Law …” „… ECHR Part 7 Collective Organization and Action 1514 Adam Sagan I. Foreword …”

Etienne Pataut Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations (Rome II) S. 674-677

„… issues may arise in case of collective industrial action. Three type of legal procedures are most common …” „… : (i) actions on the validity of the collective action; (ii) actions on the impact of the collective …” „… jurisdiction.3 In this case, the action started after a collective action that took place in Sweden against a …”

Antonio Lo Faro Article 155 TFEU S. 165-176

„… direction of Union action. 3. If, after such consultation, the Commission considers Union action advisable …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 I. Two possible ways to start the European collective bargaining process . . . . . . 2 1 …” „… . Voluntary European collective agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 …”

Marco Peruzzi Article 175 TFEU S. 188-195

„… Integration: Role of and (Questionable) Limits on Collective Action’ (2008) 63 WP CSDLE “Massimo D’Antona” INT …” „… : Role of and (Questionable) Limits on Collective Action’ (2008) 63 WP CSDLE “Massimo D’Antona” INT 4. 14 …” „… Council Directive 96/71/EC. By limiting collective actions contrasting the worsening of wage standards …”

Teun Jaspers Article 5 RESC The right to organise S. 277-286

„… bargaining resulting in collective agreements as well as more indirectly to the right to collective action as …” „… disputes; and recognise: 4 the right of workers and employers to collective action in cases of conflicts of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 V. Recognition of the right to collective action (para 4 …”

Jean-Philippe Lhernould Directive 2008/104/EC on temporary agency work S. 894-906

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3. Access to employment, collective facilities and vocational training . . . . . . . 29 2. 40 Case …” „… came in 1995 (where the Commission consulted management and labour on the course of action to be …” „… legislation, regulations, administrative provisions, collective agreements and/or other binding general …”

Ellen Birkhahn, Ulla Gläßer Directive 2008/52/EC on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters S. 1650-1678

„… procedure in conciliation attempts prior to industrial actions.41 Other collective labour law disputes that …” „… C 29 36 – application 1 II Art. 51 CFREU 1, 11 – collective actions 1 II Art. 51 CFREU 4 et seqq …” „… Code of conduct for mediators 9 Dir. 2008/52 5 Collective actions 1 I Art. 151 TFEU 9; 7 I Art. 28 …”

Teun Jaspers Article 21 RESC The right to information and consultation S. 319-330

„… adopt, but the Committee has indicated these might include national action plans or requiring individual …” „… integration of a gender perspective into labour market policies.23 Positive action is one mechanism for …” „… Contracting Parties cannot be framed so as to exclude measures of positive action in favour of one gender if …”

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell, Olaf Deinert, Sophie Robin-Olivier General Introduction

„… . – Collective Organisation and Action: • fundamental freedom to organise; • right to collective bargaining …” „… collective agreements and collective actions; and social security apart from coordination of social security …” „… Robin-Olivier 36 37 38 trative action, collective agreement or otherwise’.47 Reservations are not permitted when …”

Adalberto Perulli The Declaration of Philadelphia (DoP) S. 361-375

„… ; Adalberto Perulli, ‘Fundamental Social Rights, Market Regulation and EU External Action’ (2014) 30 IJCLLIR …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2. Freedom of expression, of association and collective bargaining . . . . . . . . . . 13 3 …” „… th 1944, adopted unanimously the Declaration of Philadelphia, where the aims inspiring the actions of …”

Sylvaine Laulom Directive 98/59/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to collective redundancies S. 981-996

„… Directive 98/59/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to collective …” „… . Notification of the collective redundancies to public authorities . . . . . . . . . . 45 4. Conclusion …” „… States relating to collective redundancies is the consolidated version of Directives 75/129/EEC and 92/56 …”

Anna Alaimo Article 101 TFEU S. 97-107

„… rights (right to collective bargaining and collective action). The different outcome of the latest cases …” „… rights – and in particular the right of collective action – are now expressly recognized in the EU …” „… in favor of the right of collective bargaining and action. In judging the conflicting aspects of the …”

Massimiliano Delfino Article 51 CFREU Field of application S. 234-239

„… example, undertaken in good time. In contrast, Article 28 on the right to take collective action is a …” „… context you cannot say much more15 about the right to collective action referred to in Article 28 …” „… collective action, but it also refers to the right to negotiate and conclude collective agreements, which is …”

Teun Jaspers Article 29 RESC The right to information and consultation in collective redundancy procedures S. 354-361

„… collective redundancy procedures With a view to ensuring the effective exercise of the right of workers to be …” „… informed and consulted in situations of collective redundancies, the Parties undertake to ensure that …” „… employers shall inform and consult workers’ representatives, in good time prior to such collective …”

Massimiliano Delfino Article 52 CFREU Scope and interpretation of rights and principles S. 239-244

„… of Union competences prevents that the right to take collective action (for the fact that it is a …” „… the right to negotiate and conclude collective agreements, and of the right to take collective action …” „… collective action were to be understood as a principle, its implementation in the European Union would be …”

Edoardo Ales ILO Convention 187 Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 2006 (No. 187) S. 1437-1454

„… EU Work C 187 Edoardo Ales 1453 59 60 61 PART 7 COLLECTIVE ORGANIZATION AND ACTION Introduction …” „… : Collective Organisation and Action The freedom to organise is one of the most important fundamental …” „… bargain collectively3 and the right to collective action,4 because this right is recognised by the …”

Edoardo Ales Article 27 CFREU Workers’ right to information and consultation within the undertaking S. 214-218

„… 28 CFREU Right of collective bargaining and action For Article 28 CFREU, see the comment by D Ulber …” „… As in Article 157(4) TFEU, positive action shall be in favour of the underrepresented sex. This …” „… entails two important consequences: on one side, positive actions can be addressed to men, e.g. to …”

Alexandre Defossez Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services S. 643-664

„… “Britania judgment” which prohibited collective actions against a foreign company if this company was …” „… already bound by a collective agreement and if such collective action was prohibited by the foreign …” „… was that collective actions were possible against foreign companies posting workers on the Swedish …”

Tzehainesh Teklè ILO Convention 100 Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100) S. 602-612

„… Weinberger (eds), ‘Mind the Gap: Collective Bargaining and Wage Inequality’, in The Role of Collective …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2. Legally established or recognised machinery for wage determination . . . . 15 3. Collective …” „… applies when the term pay instead of remuneration is used in national laws or collective agreements …”

Edoardo Ales Article 153 TFEU S. 155-165

„… controversial case law of the CJEU on the right to collective action,30 when these issues assume a transnational …” „… other than Labor Law. As just remembered, this has occurred with collective action and Economic Freedoms …” „… ) representation and collective defence of the interests of workers and employers, including co-determination …”

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell Fundamental Provisions: Introduction S. 1-7

„… where the Court of Justice held that, in certain circumstances, collective action by trade unions could …” „… Article 28 (collective bargaining and action) is located in the chapter on Collective Organisation and …” „… chapter on Collective Organisation and Action; and Article 6 (fair trial) in the chapter on Dispute …”

Sylvaine Laulom Directive 2001/23/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the safeguarding of employees’ rights S. 996-1012

„… directive of 2002 on the information and consultation of workers, that of 1998 on collectives redundancies …” „… ) Transfer of undertaking and collective agreement applicable . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 c) Protection …” „… by Council Directive 98/50/EC. After the adoption of the Collective Redundancies Directive in 1975 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . .Article 27 CFREU 214 Right of collective bargaining and action …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ILO Convention 187 1437 PART 7 COLLECTIVE ORGANIZATION AND ACTION Introduction: Collective …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1454 CHAPTER I EU LAW Right of collective bargaining and action …”

Andreas Bücker Directive 91/533/EEC on an employer’s obligation to inform employees of the conditions applicable to the contract or employment relationship S. 948-958

„… stances the Greek authorities may oppose projected collective redundancies: the situations are …” „… such a directive in its action programme2 relating to the implementation of the Community Charter of …” „… employment of every worker of the European Community shall be stipulated in laws, a collective agreement or a …”

Jeff Kenner Article 151 TFEU S. 143-150

„… both cases trade unions had embarked upon strike action, or other forms of collective action, in …” „… take collective action to preserve jobs as a fundamental right sourced from both the EU and Council of …” „… to strike within the scope of EU law, the collective action must be suitable for the achievement of …”

Massimo Pallini Article 62 TFEU S. 77-94

„… ’ Regulation on the Exercise of the Right to Take Collective Action within the Context of the Freedom of …” „… ); Kilpatrick, Claire, ‘Laval’s Regulatory Conundrum: collective standard – setting and the Court’s new approach …” „… , or collective labour agreements entered into by both sides of industry, to any person who is employed …”

Elaine Dewhurst Article 19 RESC The right of migrant workers and their families to protection and assistance S. 313-316

„… , “excluding or limiting the right to collective bargaining or action with respect to foreign undertakings, for …” „… benefits of collective bargaining; c accommodation; Foreword …” „… Trade Unions and Enjoyment of the benefits of Collective Bargaining …”

Claire La Hovary ILO Convention 95 The Protection of Wages Convention, 1949 (No. 95) S. 1093-1106

„… special circumstances, or where a collective agreement or arbitration award so provides, or, where not so …” „… order. It can also do so where a collective agreement or arbitration award so provides, or, where not so …” „… , collective agreements or arbitration awards may authorise the partial payment of wages in the form of …”

Antonio Lo Faro Article 152 TFEU S. 150-155

„… Agreement and its related institutionalisation of European collective bargaining, the lack of social …” „… ), the way collective bargaining has been institutionalised within the European legal order by the …” „… Amsterdam Treaty was indeed not fully coherent with the paradigm of collective autonomy historically and …”

Antonio Riefoli ILO Convention 189 Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) S. 916-934

„… recognition of the right to collective bargaining; (b) the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory …” „… domestic workers enjoy freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective …” „… collective bargaining, elimination of forced labour, abolition of child labour, elimination of discrimination …”

Vito Leccese Directive 2003/88/EC concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time S. 1285-1321

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 XIV. Art. 18: Derogations by collective agreements …” „… the judgment of 12.11.1996 on the action brought by the United Kingdom for annulment of Directive …” „… sides of industry; or (ii) by collective agreements or agreements concluded between the two sides of …”

Daniel Ulber ILO Convention 94 Labour Clauses (Public Contracts) Convention, 1949 (No. 94) S. 840-848

„… many states, labour law only establishes minimum standards that can be raised by collective agreements …” „… damages labour standards as well as systems of collective bargaining, especially when it concerns …” „… Anglo-American legal system.5 After 1949, other legal systems that focused on collective agreements with a broad …”

Sylvaine Laulom Article 30 CFREU Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal S. 942-948

„… : Constitutionalisation in Action’, in S Gutwirth, Y Poullet, P Hert, C Terwangne, S Nouwt (eds), Reinventing Data …” „… not mention the third directive regulating restructuring at Community level, the collective dismissal …” „… freedom to effect or refrain from effecting collective dismissals. Its sole object is to 5 Croatia, Czech …”

Jean-Philippe Lhernould Directive 97/81/EC concerning the Framework Agreement on part-time work S. 872-882

„… management and labour on the possible direction of Community action – and then on the substance of the …” „… account of special difficulties or implementation by a collective agreement. (Art. 2). The Directive …” „… , collective agreement or practice in force in each Member State. 2. Member States, after consultation with the …”

Maria Teresa Carinci ILO Convention 158 Termination of Employment Convention, 1982 (No. 158) S. 1149-1165

„… ; Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining convention n° 98, 1957; Equal Remuneration Convention n° 100 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 11. Supplementary procedures for collective terminations due to economic, technological, or …” „… affective by means of collective agreements, arbitration awards or court decisions or in such other manner …”

Marta Otto Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation – GDPR) S. 958-981

„… Member State law or a collective agreement pursuant to Member State law providing for appropriate …” „… protection rights) and unambiguous (by a statement or by a clear affirmative action) indication of data …” „… employment context seem to be oral or collective (information displayed in the workplace) forms of notice …”

Elias Felten Directive 2001/86/EC supplementing the Statute for a European company with regard to the involvement of employees S. 1535-1551

„… employees’ side is not allowed to take up collective action to defend their interest. That is the common …” „… the fundamental right to take collective action. In fact, the same applies to the representative body …” „… is going too far to presume that Art 9 would impose a total ban on collective action. The rights …”

Naj Ghosheh, Martine Humblet, Valerio De Stefano Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (MLC, 2006) S. 1179-1200

„… Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87); – the Right to Organise and Collective …” „… and global action and cooperation in the marine sector, and that its integrity needs to be maintained …” „… , it must satisfy itself that the laws, regulations, collective agreements, or other implementing …”

Article 29 CFREU Right of access to placement services S. 218-219

„… collective bargaining and action For Article 28 CFREU, see the comment by D Ulber on Part 7, Chapter I …” „… contemplating collective redundancies’, ‘before the transfer is carried out’ and, as for the transferee, ‘in any …” „… ’ representatives within the collective redundancies and the transfer of undertaking procedures from their very …”

Anna Alaimo Pre. Articles 101–106 TFEU S. 94-97

„… services) and fundamental social rights (right to collective bargaining and collective action). The …” „… of Collective Bargaining Agreements Under EC Antitrust Law’, in ECLR 2006, 27 (1) 28-39; Lianos …” „… economic constitution’, in Concorrenza e mercato, 2011, 491-507; Ichino, Pietro, ‘Collective Bargaining and …”

Edoardo Ales ILO Convention 161 Occupational Health Services Convention, 1985 (No. 161) S. 1413-1428

„… establish the principles of national policy and action at the national level. At the present, the Convention …” „… action to be taken in consultation with representative organizations of employers and workers, as opposed …” „… individual and collective protective equipment; (f) surveillance of workers’ health in relation to work; (g …”

Tzehainesh Teklè ILO Convention 111 Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) S. 612-630

„… International Perspective on Affirmative Action’, in Ockert Dupper and Kamala Sankaran (eds), Affirmative Action …” „… equal rights in practice and to take action to eliminate existing disadvantages. In light of this …” „… employers to adopt affirmative action. The reference to the “effects” of the treatments mentioned in art. 1 …”

Alexia Gardin Directive 1999/70/EC concerning the Framework Agreement on fixed-term work S. 882-894

„… of Community action with regard to flexibility in working time and security for workers, then on the …” „… , if necessary, to take account of special difficulties or implementation by a collective agreement …” „… contract or employment relationship as defined in law, collective agreements or practice in each Member …”

Pascale Lorber Directive 2002/14/EC establishing a general framework for informing and consulting employees in the European Community S. 1551-1567

„… situations concerning restructuring, in case of economic dismissals (the Collective Redundancy Directive)1 or …” „… States relating to collective redundancies, OJ L 225, 12.8.1998, 16; originally adopted in 1975 …” „… councils or via other forms) with a view to understanding the health, operation and future actions of the …”

Vincenzo Pietrogiovanni ILO Convention 171 Night Work Convention, 1990 (No. 171) S. 1428-1437

„… after consulting the most representative organisations of employers and workers or by collective …” „… collective agreements. Art. 1 sets two important definitions for the purposes of this Convention: the first …” „… workers or by collective agreements, defines it so. The convention, in this way, is recognising the …”

Samantha Velluti Article 146 TFEU S. 135-136

„… common concern and shall coordinate their action in this respect within the Council, in accordance with …” „… employment policy at national level with the proviso that collective bargaining and social dialogue processes …” „… the autonomy of collective bargaining and social dialogue processes at national level raises …”

Ségolène Barbou des Places Directive 2014/54/EU on measures facilitating the exercise of rights conferred on workers in the context of freedom of movement for workers S. 800-806

„… applicable, including the right to take action on behalf of a collective interest, under national law or …” „… actions taken by the EU to encourage mobility within the EU, only 3% of the EU population is mobile. The …” „… to EU citizens’ rights’ of 27 October 2010,6 the Commission announced its intention to take action to …”

Hélène Tissandier Article 25 RESC The right of workers to the protection of their claims in the event of the insolvency of their employer S. 339-343

„… with a view to the collective reimbursement of his creditors. Nonetheless, the protection should also …” „… law provides some collective proceedings, a request has been made for the opening of such a collective …” „… , proceedings have been opened relating to an employer's assets with a view to the collective reimbursement of …”

Achim Seifert ILO Convention 144 Tripartite Consultations, 1976 (No. 144) S. 391-403

„… widespread ratification and effective implementation of the Governance Conventions Plan of Action (2010-2016 …” „… , ‘Employee Voice outside Collective Bargaining’ in Guy Mundlak and Matthew Finkin (eds), Research Handbook in …” „… Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949, and the Consultation (Industrial and National Levels …”

Fabienne Jault-Seseke Regulation (EC) No 1215/2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Brussels I Recast) S. 1643-1650

„… within the scope of the Regulation. The text does not apply to issues relating to collective actions or …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1. The action brought by the worker …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2. The action brought by the employer …”

Elaine Dewhurst Introduction: Labour Rights of Third-Country National Workers in the European Union S. 806-840

„… certain seasonal workers and the important role that collective action plays in protecting basic working …” „… clearly pervading aided by recent legislative and judicial action at an EU level. The general existing …” „… realise these benefits of immigration through legislative action at a pan-European level emerged. At the …”

Edoardo Ales Article 1 RESC The right to work S. 253-255

„… shall undertake various typologies of action listed within Article 1 RESC. First, the Parties “accept as …” „… to set aside discriminatory provisions in collective agreements, employment contracts or company …” „… (unreasonably long) military or, as alternative, conscriptive service: FIDH vs. Greece, Collective complaint No …”

Claire La Hovary ILO Convention 131 The Minimum Wage Fixing Convention, 1970 (No. 131) S. 1120-1124

„… sanctions. 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article, the freedom of collective bargaining …” „… collective agreement). The CEACR has specified that this provision does not imply that Convention No. 131 …” „… giving the force of law to provisions of collective agreements). The CEACR has noted that the fixing of …”

Elaine Dewhurst Article 18 RESC The right to engage in a gainful occupation in the territory of other Parties S. 310-313

„… . 81/12 ESCR European Action of the Disabled (AEH) v France Article 18 RESC The right to engage in a …” „… employment and working conditions; b membership of trade unions and enjoyment of the benefits of collective …” „… Trade Unions and Enjoyment of the benefits of Collective Bargaining …”

A.C.L. Davies ILO Convention 181 Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997 (No. 181) S. 911-916

„… to freedom of association for home workers (paragraph 11) and to promote collective bargaining among …” „… ’. Paragraph 10 suggests that agencies should be ‘encouraged’ to engage in affirmative action to promote …” „… engaged in industrial action. Although this does not affect the fundamental rights of agency workers, it …”

Jeff Kenner Article 9 TFEU S. 13-21

„… principles and objectives of the Union’s external action”. In July 2015 the Commission (DG Trade) published …” „… point of reference, or impulse, for legislative and programmatic action cutting across all fields of …” „… policies and activities. Article 9 has been applied mainly within programmatic action of the Union in …”

Vania Brino ILO Convention 142 Human Resources Development Convention, 1975 (No. 142) S. 387-391

„… , http://www.oecd.org/ edu/learningforjobs. 8 European Commission, New skills for new jobs: Action now, 2010 …” „… of Convention No. 142, Member States are required to operate in diversified spheres of action in …” „… Art. 1 of the Convention, which refers to “policies and programmes” and envisages a variety of actions …”

Hélène Tissandier Directive 2008/94/EC on the protection of employees in the event of the insolvency of their employerOJ 2008 L 283/36-42. S. 1012-1026

„… collectives redundancies and that of 2001 on transfers of undertakings.48 One of the main contributions of the …” „… to the Collective Dismissal Directive, has to be defined at European level. If both Directives were …” „… collective agreements (see above). However it does not seem to be at the agenda of the European Commission …”

Silvia Borelli Article 157 TFEU S. 176-188

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 VI. Positive actions …” „… is at the same time intended, by common action, to ensure social progress and seek the constant …” „… one of the priorities of the first social action programme approved in 1974.9 Based on this programme …”

Carla Spinelli ILO Convention 47 Forty-Hour Week Convention, 1935 (No. 47) S. 1332-1336

„… be taken in due account in any action the ILO shall adopt to update international regulations on this …” „… through every source consistent with the national practice (laws, regulations, collective agreements …” „… in pursuance of laws or regulations, collective agreements or arbitration awards. In case of default …”

Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella ILO Convention 156 Workers with Family Responsibilities Convention, 1981 (No. 156) S. 1142-1149

„… resolution concerning a plan of action with a view to promoting equality of opportunity and treatment for …” „… provisions of this Convention may be applied by laws or regulations, collective agreements, works rules …” „… implemented by other means such as collective agreements or enterprise policies that are capable of easy …”

Sara Benedi Lahuerta Directive 2000/43/EC implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin S. 495-520

„… . Positive action …” „… , Making anti-racial discrimination law: a comparative history of social action and antiracial …” „… , they have prompted the European Commission to start infringement actions against the Czech Republic and …”

Helen Stalford Article 32 CFREU Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work S. 219-225

„… consultation within undertakings. 28 Right of collective bargaining and action. 29 Protection in the event of …” „… Communication ‘A Special Place for Children in EU External Action’, its accompanying Staff Working Paper on …” „… ‘Children in Emergency and Crisis Situations’ (2008), its ‘EU Action Plan on Children's Rights in External …”

Paola Saracini Article 53 CFREU Level of protection S. 244-248

„… giurisprudenza multilivello, (2011) 1 WPMD Collective Volumes, respectively, 85 and 41. 20 This is the text of …” „… anti-discrimination laws in these areas of Member State or private action, nor does it lay down a sweeping ban of …” „… in collective bargaining and freedom of association are fundamental rights recognized by the legal …”

Marie-Ange Moreau ILO Convention 29 Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) S. 1049-1073

„… Geneva; Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour: http://www.ilo.or …” „… en Asie: réflexion sur l’action de l’OIT’, Dr. soc. 2014, p. 413; R Plant, ‘Modern Slavery, The …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 IX. Evaluation of the actions against forced labour …”

Orsola Razzolini Directive 2010/41/EU on the application of the principle of equal treatment between men and women S. 586-602

„… . Article 5 and 6: Positive action and establishment of a company . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 1. General …” „… antidiscrimination protection relating to access to the market and to collective organizations. On the contrary, the …” „… for excluding a collective negotiation between employers and ‘false self-employed’ from the scope of …”

Jule Mulder Directive 2006/54/EC on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast) S. 547-586

„… , ‘Positive Action for Women in Employment: Time to Align with Europe?’ (2006) 33(1) Journal of Law and …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2. Scope of positive actions …” „… maternity leave4 and positive actions now allowed under Article 3.5 Substantive equality as opposed to …”

Siska Dubbert, Franz Christian Ebert ILO Convention 150 Labour Administration Convention, 1978 (No.150) S. 403-427

„… guaranteeing rights of association, organisation and collective bargaining--and particularly the Freedom of …” „… Siska Dubbert and Franz Christian Ebert Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949--which forbid any …” „… Convention, 1948 (No. 87), and the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98 …”

Article 145 TFEU S. 134-135

„… , requiring action at European level. Five key priority areas for tackling unemployment emerged in the …” „… common concern and shall coordinate their action in this respect within the Council, in accordance with …” „… employment policy at national level with the proviso that collective bargaining and social dialogue processes …”

Elise Muir, Lisa Waddington Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation S. 520-547

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 VIII. Positive action …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 1. Positive action measures …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 2. Positive action measures and disabled persons …”

Iacopo Senatori Directive 2009/38/EC on the establishment of a European Works Council S. 1601-1636

„… Commission consulted management and labour at Community level on the possible direction of Community action …” „… in this area. (5) Following this consultation, the Commission considered that Community action was …” „… part of the Community framework intended to support and complement the action taken by Member States in …”

Vincenzo Pietrogiovanni ILO Convention 89 Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised) and P 89 – Protocol of 1990 to the Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948 S. 1343-1355

„… action. 3. Each such Member will, if it obtains the consent of the authority or authorities within whose …” „… activity at national or pluriregional level, the collective bargaining extended to a national or …” „… specific branch or occupation have signed a collective agreement or otherwise given their consensus. The …”

David Fennelly International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Article 26 (ICCPR) S. 433-438

„… 435 6 7 firmative action in order to diminish or eliminate conditions which cause or help to …” „… complained of discrimination in the context of a collective bargaining agreement, the State party argued that …” „… the complaint was inadmissible because it related to a collective agreement over which the State had …”

Mark Bell Article 20 RESC The right to equal opportunities and equal treatment in matters of employment and occupation without discrimination on the grounds of sex S. 316-319

„… extends to collective agreements and employment contracts, so the ECSR requires the possibility that their …” „… of class action on the part of persons in whose interest it would be to have this nullity declared …” „… choose to adopt, but the Committee has indicated these might include national action plans or requiring …”

Samantha Velluti Article 147 TFEU S. 136-138

„… policy regulation. Para 2 of Article 146 TFEU while preserving the autonomy of collective bargaining and …” „… , complementing their action. In doing so, the competences of the Member States shall be respected. 2. The …” „… level of employment by way of supporting and if necessary complementing Member States’ action. The 1993 …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 45 TFEU S. 41-66

„… nationals of that State laid down by law, regulation or administrative action; (d) to remain in the …” „… only to the actions of public authorities but also to rules of any other nature aimed at regulating in …” „… a collective manner gainful employment”.8 The European workers can therefore invoke Article 45 TFEU …”

Directive 89/391/EEC on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work Edoardo Ales S. 1210-1242

„… commitment of the EEC. The Social Action Programme adopted in that year indicated various objectives to be …” „… indeed should have been and should still be one of the main drivers of Community/Union action according …” „… to Article 117 TEC (now Art. 151 TFEU). More specifically, the idea was to establish an action …”

Ryszard Cholewinski ILO Conventions 97 and 143 Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 97) and Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975 (No. 143) S. 848-868

„… of young persons; (ii) membership of trade unions and enjoyment of the benefits of collective …” „… conditions; trade union membership and enjoyment of the benefits of collective bargaining; accommodation …” „… of the benefits of collective bargaining” mirrors similar provisions in the ILO Freedom of …”

Silvia Borelli Article 23 CFREU Equality between women and men S. 209-214

„… referred to. EU action on equality between women and men is as well inspired by other important …” „… 's Day in commemoration of the 15th anniversary of the adoption of a Declaration and Platform for Action …” „… such treatment is objectively justified”,13 Article 23(2) legitimates positive action in favour of the …”

Silvia Borelli Article 8 TFEU S. 7-13

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6. Gender equality in external actions …” „… proceedings for failure to act (Article 265 TFEU). However, this action does not represent an effective remedy …” „… institutions may bring an action for failure to act before the ECJ and the ECJ’s decision can only declare the …”

Edoardo Ales ILO Convention 155 Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981 (No. 155) S. 1392-1413

„… effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; (b) the elimination of all forms of forced or …” „… and Collective Bargaining, 1948 (No. 98); Equal Remuneration, 1951 (No. 100); Abolition of Forced …” „… that Members have to implement. The third to the action to be carried on at the level of the …”

Felix Welti ILO Convention 159 Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Convention, 1983 (No. 159) S. 635-641

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3. Action at the national level for the development of vocational rehabilitation and employment …” „… and workers making decisions, e.g. in collective agreements, that effect the employment and …” „… and regulation in workers representations.18 Action at the national level for the development of …”

Mark Bell Article 21 CFREU Non-discrimination S. 203-209

„… twins, the Court deferred to the national legislature, which was accorded a ‘wide freedom of action’.17 …” „… . Article 21(1) Relationship to Article 19 TFEU Article 19 TFEU permits the Union to take appropriate action …” „… action, nor does it lay down a sweeping ban of discrimination in such wide-ranging areas. Instead, it …”

Vania Brino ILO Convention 168 Employment Promotion and Protection against Unemployment Convention, 1988 (No. 168) S. 427-431

„… provide for integrated and coordinated actions (art. 2) involving their social partners (art. 3 …” „… strengthening their collective organisation and/or through setting minimum standards on remuneration and other …”

Sophie Robin-Olivier Non-Standard Work: Introduction S. 868-872

„… social partners in accordance with national law, collective agreements or practice, and/or the social …” „… management and labour on the possible direction of Community action – and then on the substance of the …”

Iacopo Senatori Directive 2003/72/EC supplementing the Statute for a European Cooperative Society with regard to the involvement of employees S. 1567-1592

„… actions published by the Commission.56 XIV. List of cases Date Case no Court Parties ECLI European Court …” „… proposed action, as outlined above, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States, in that the …” „… , by reason of the scale and impact of the proposed action, be better achieved at Community level, the …”

David Fennelly International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Articles 2 and 7 (ICESCR) S. 438-444

„… protection for collective action on the part of workers, in particular through trade unions. While the …” „… seniority and competence, and thus preclude affirmative action, a purposive interpretation of the provision …”

Valérie Michel Directive 2005/36/EC on the recognition of professional qualifications S. 713-785

„… intervention of European law, in order to avoid the situation where the States’ action would affect the regime …” „… include collective agreements if they govern “in a general way, (…) the right to take up or pursue a …” „… profession”.20 Given that collective agreements are viewed differently in the various Member States and that …”

Laura Tebano Article 107 TFEU S. 117-125

„… . One side, someone believes that – starting from SAAP (State Aid Action Plan)4 – the introduction of a …” „… action to reduce the difference in social security charges between men and women was qualified as aid …” „… applied.18 So in the Maribel bis-ter Case the Court repealed the action for annulment brought by Belgium …”

Karin Lukas Article 7 RESC The right of children and young persons to protection S. 297-304

„… , collective agreements or equivalent legal frameworks. The Committee assesses the fairness of the wage and the …” „… .47 – A national action plan to combat the sexual exploitation of children.48 Protection from the …”

Alexandre Defossez Directive 2014/67/EU on the enforcement of Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services S. 677-692

„… partners may seek to engage the service provider to enter into collective bargaining within the host Member …” „… social-welfare collective agreements”.45 In Rani Slovakia, the Court confirms this prohibition regarding posting …” „… Article 18, 2 TEC: “If action by the Community should prove necessary to attain this objective and this …”

Siska Dubbert, Franz Christian Ebert ILO Convention 129 The Labour Inspection Convention (Agriculture), 1969 (No. 129) S. 1106-1120

„… implementation of the plan of action for the governance Conventions, Governing Body, 316th Session, Geneva …” „… and regulations, arbitration awards and collective agreements upon which the force of law is conferred …” „… workers; (b) persons participating in a collective economic enterprise, such as members of a co-operative …”

Franz Christian Ebert ILO Convention 182 Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) S. 1165-1179

„… Labour in a Globalized World. A Legal Analysis of ILO Action (Ashgate, Aldershot 2008) pp. 177-199; Bonet …” „… Marco Pertile (eds.), Child Labour in a Globalized World. A Legal Analysis of ILO Action (Ashgate …” „… a Globalized World. A Legal Analysis of ILO Action (Ashgate, Aldershot 2008) pp. 151-175; Rishikesh …”

Martina Benecke Directive 92/85/EEC on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding S. 1252-1268

„… possibility, but not the obligation to inform the representatives of the workers. Article 5 Article 5 Action …” „… ”, in short, the benefit paid by an employer under legislation or collective agreements to a woman on …” „… industry introduce the requisite provisions by means of collective agreements, with Member States being …”

Silvia Borelli Article 33 CFREU Family and professional life S. 225-234

„… consultation of the social partners at European level under Article 154 TFEU on possible action addressing the …” „… However, national legislators have “wide freedom of action when establishing the parental leave regime …” „… contributo della giurisprudenza multilivello, (2011) 1 WPMD Collective Volumes 26; Massimiliano Delfino, ‘The …”

Ségolène Barbou des Places Regulation (EU) 492/2011 on freedom of movement for workers within the Union S. 785-800

„… , administrative action or practices. EU law forbids rules that limit applications for offers of employment, or …” „… waiting for that clause to be abolished by collective negotation or some other procedure. The Court also …” „… ; implementing joint methods of action at administrative and technical levels; carrying out the bringing together …”

Siska Dubbert, Franz Christian Ebert ILO Convention 81 Labour Inspection Convention, 1949 (No. 81) S. 1073-1093

„… development of victims’ exploitation. The general evolution requires rethinking policy actions in …” „… actors having a link with victims, and horizontal multiples actions for the defense of victims, through …” „… freedom of action and movement”.23 Similarly, a tripartite committee has emphasized the need to take …”

Sudabeh Kamanabrou, Anne Christin Wietfeld Directive 2010/18/EU implementing the revised Framework Agreement on parental leave concluded by BUSINESSEUROPE, UEAPME, CEEP and ETUC S. 1026-1049

„… employment contract or employment relationship as defined by the law, collective agreements and/or practice …” „… Globalization, Geneva 2012; The Social Dimension of Free Trade Agreements, 2013 Geneva; Special Action Programme …” „… en Asie: réflexion sur l’action de l’OIT’, Dr. soc. 2014, p. 413; R Plant, ‘Modern Slavery, The …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845266190

Laura Luise Wanner - In Search of Collective Action

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Laura Luise Wanner

In Search of Collective Action

Series: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht

Volume 330 2024

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… Shipping in the Arctic OceanIn Search of Collective ActionBeiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht …” „… Arctic OceanIn Search of Collective ActionThe Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the …” „… Cataloging-in-Publication DataWanner, Laura LuiseIn Search of Collective ActionThe Case of Shipping in the Arctic OceanLaura …”

Chapter 8: Concluding Remarks on the Regulatory Framework for Arctic Shipping S. 349-356

„… private ordering. Both have been recognised asensuring for collective action.Classification societies are …” „… as effective collective action measures. Effectiveness understoodas legitimacy and compliance was …” „… (effective or not so effective) collective action measures described willbe given.I Working Internationally …”

Chapter 1: Setting the Scene: The Arctic S. 27-58

„… instrument as valid in order for the instrument to ensure collective action.Legitimacy in this sense lays the …” „… Institutions for Collective Action(1990), p. 2. Others see the idea traced back to David Hume in the 18th …” „… different underlying collective-action problems namely being overuse andfree-riding Nicolás Brando and …”

Chapter 2: The International Law of the Sea and Arctic Shipping S. 60-94

„… .III International Law of the Sea and Effective Collective ActionThe first part of this chapter has …” „… ensuring collective action.274 Art. 211 (2) and (3) UNCLOS.275 Mukherjee and Brownrigg (2013), p. 268.276 …” „… International Lawyer 28(4), 879, p. 890.III International Law of the Sea and Effective Collective Action791 …”

Chapter 6: Ships’ Classification and Arctic Shipping S. 273-302

„… follow the question whether classification soci‐eties can help to ensure effective collective action.I …” „… private actors to promote maritime safety and to ensureeffective collective action will be assessed.1 …” „… Collective Action Through Classification SocietiesThere is no denying that the regulation of maritime safety …”

Chapter 7: The International Marine Liability and Insurance Law in the Arctic S. 303-346

„… Insurance Ensuring Collective ActionThe previous parts provided a general introduction to the law of …” „… Insurers as Regulators to Ensure Collective ActionThe insurance market is believed to ensure risk avoidance …” „… collective action andwhether they can contribute to the protection of the Arctic environment.1) Marine …”

Chapter 5: Regional Cooperation in the Circumpolar Arctic S. 219-270

„… Part IV:Regional ActionBoth the polar regions are of utmost importance for the world and therewere …” „… collective actionamong states as they may agree more easily on management and enforce‐ment on a regional …” „… at the actions of non-Arctic states. Since the1990s, a number of regional cooperation forums were …”

Chapter 3: The IMO as an International Organization and the Regulation of Arctic Shipping S. 95-156

„… effective collective action.II The Regulations by the International Maritime OrganizationInternational …” „… work to view international organizations as actors that can induceand facilitate the collective action …” „… , functionalist thought fits very well withthe understanding of collective action upon which this work is based …”

Chapter 10: An Outlook for Arctic Shipping Regulations S. 375-376

„… accept that other informal instruments can beeffective collective action measures that have to be taken …”

Chapter 4: Canadian and Russian Regulations for Arctic Shipping S. 159-216

„… contribute to the overall collective action andregulatory framework regarding Arctic shipping.I The Role of …” „… Part III:Unilateral ActionAs the Oceans are used internationally and as the Arctic is of vast …” „… themselves and to intro‐duce national regulations which are seen here as unilateral actions even ifthey do …”

Conventions and Legislation S. 379-431

„… Responsi‐ble Corporate Action’ (1991) 18 Alternatives: Perspectives on Society, Technology andthe Environment …” „… ) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_3541.European Union External Action, ‘Barents Euro-Arctic Region: Joint Statement of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748941859

Benedikt Zanker - On the Viability of an International Lender of Last Resort

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Benedikt Zanker

On the Viability of an International Lender of Last Resort

Series: Aktuelle Materialien zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 73 2007

Results in this title

Collective Action Clauses S. 297-300

„… 297 simultaneous implementation of collective action clauses would overcome this problem. 11.3.2 …” „… Collective Action Clauses Collective action clauses allow binding a creditor minority to restructuring terms …” „… . Eichengreen argues that the fact that sovereign bonds issued under New York law still lack collective action …”

Concerns on the Effectiveness of Collective Action Clauses S. 303-309

„… and relying solely on collective action clauses. Central to its functioning would be the establishment …” „… collective action clauses and a code of good conduct as drafted by the syndicate of private lender interest …” „… groups. A more balanced approach would see collective action clauses modelled after bonds issued under …”

A Code of Good Conduct S. 294-297

„… collective action problem by forcing minority hold-outs to accept agreements backed by a majority of …” „… internationally agreed code of conduct and the inclusion of collective action clauses in sovereign debt issues …” „… inclusion of collective action clauses in future debt issues and the establishment of a formal bankruptcy …”

Market-based Approach as the Way Forward S. 309-310

„… concentrating efforts on fostering the inclusion of collective action clauses in all new sovereign debt issues …” „… for a universal adoption of collective action clauses has been strengthened by Mexico becoming the …” „… first emerging market borrower to include collective action clauses in three sovereign bond offerings …”

General Membership S. 315-317

„… themselves to include standardised collective action clauses in all sovereign debt issues to facilitate a …” „… Monetary Fund 316 Collective action clauses facilitate the restructuring process in case member countries …” „… preferably before defaulting on their obligations. Collective action clauses allow to reach restructuring …”

A Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism S. 300-303

„… mechanism would have to include some form of collective action provision to prevent dissenting minority …” „… conduct and collective action clauses. The ability to prevent renegade creditors from litigating in …” „… creating a SDRM and relying solely on collective action clauses. Central to its functioning would be the …”

Need for Reform S. 293-294

„… , collective action problems and information asymmetries arising in large and incoherent creditor groups make …” „… collective action problem by forcing minority hold-outs to accept agreements backed by a majority of …” „… internationally agreed code of conduct and the inclusion of collective action clauses in sovereign debt issues …”

Successful Restructurings S. 287-290

„… much of the developing world, the London Club process was able to overcome the collective action …” „… problems that international creditors face today. The limited role of collective action problems during the …” „… service obligations. Collective action problems are exacerbated by the large number of different issues …”

Public Choice Theory S. 25-33

„… wide range of issues in the public domain such as voting behaviour, collective action problems …” „… problems of individual and collective decision- 15 See …” „… ordered preferences. Individuals’ actions are based on rational calculations aiming at the maximization of …”

Bibliography S. 347-374

„… Collective Action Clauses Costly? IMF Working Paper WP/01/92. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund …” „… Collective Action Clauses Raise Borrowing Costs? An Update and Additional Results. Update to NBER Working …” „… Collective Action Clauses Raise Borrowing Costs? NBER Working Paper 7458. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of …”

The Brady Plan S. 286-287

„… able to overcome the collective action problems that international creditors face today. The limited …” „… role of collective action problems during the 1980s can be attributed to the fact that developing …”

Problems due to Renegade Creditors S. 290-293

„… Need for Reform Even in the absence of hold-out creditors, collective action problems and information …” „… . March 3, 2005 8 “Tough Deal.” The Economist. March 3, 2005 291 creditors and debtors9. Collective …” „… action clauses, aggregation provisions and exit consents all aim at addressing the problems posed for …”

Structure of the Analysis S. 42-46

„… suggested that an increasing introduction of collective action clauses in combination with a widely accepted …” „… restructuring mechanism. The examination of a number of empirical studies suggests that collective action …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… 11.3.2 Collective Action Clauses …” „… Concerns on the Effectiveness of Collective Action Clauses ................... 304 11.4.2 Market-based …”

Abbreviations S. 345-346

„… Strength Ratings BIS Bank for International Settlements BWI Bretton Woods Institution CAC Collective Action …” „… Stabilisation Fund EU European Union FATF Financial Action Task Force FCC Forward Commitment Capacity FLIRB …” „… to Initiate Action PPA Power to Prevent Action PRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility …”

Appendix S. 345

„… Strength Ratings BIS Bank for International Settlements BWI Bretton Woods Institution CAC Collective Action …” „… Stabilisation Fund EU European Union FATF Financial Action Task Force FCC Forward Commitment Capacity FLIRB …”

Voting Power at the IMF S. 264-275

„… winning coalitions lead to some action being taken which has a fixed profile of consequences for the …” „… Coleman’s Coleman’s Banzhaf Index Banzhaf Index Power to Power to (Penrose Index) Prevent Action Initiate …” „… Action Simple Majority Decisions United States 17.14 0.749426 0.240733 0.726652 0.773674 Japan 6.15 …”

The Lacking Clout of Developing Economies S. 336-337

„… Council is a point in case. The existence of collective action problems among developing countries is not …”

Principles for Effective Monitoring and Supervisory Work S. 313-315

„… commit themselves to include standardised collective action clauses in all sovereign debt issues to …”

A Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism S. 76-78

„… standstill period has passed. By including collective action clauses in sovereign debt contracts, the process …”

The Calomiris Proposal S. 78-80

„… standstill period has passed. By including collective action clauses in sovereign debt contracts, the process …”

New Money Approach S. 283-286

„… sustainability and solvency2: However, collective action and free rider problems were overcome without the …”

Regime Theory S. 20-25

„… objectives that cannot be achieved by unilateral action alone. Typically, such objectives arise in the …” „… actions among actors must clearly outweigh the coordination costs involved. The higher the net gains …” „… on economic concepts; it applies economic principles to problems of individual and collective …”

The Report by the Independent Task Force S. 80-84

„… collective action clauses in all debt securities issued to the public thereby ensuring that a majority of …”

Creditor Country Interests S. 255-259

„… overcome collective action problems. This allows for concerted and thus more effective lobbying efforts …”

Opposition by Developed Countries and the G-7 S. 331-336

„… Council is a point in case. The existence of collective action problems among developing countries is not …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845201122

Wenzel Matiaske, Dorothea Alewell, Ortrud Leßmann - The 'Betrieb' as Corporate Actor

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Wenzel Matiaske (ed.), Dorothea Alewell (ed.), Ortrud Leßmann (ed.)

The 'Betrieb' as Corporate Actor

2022

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Berndt Keller Works councils: collective action within corporations S. 228-250

„… company level, especially WCs, and ask for the prerequisites and outcomes of their collective action.In a …” „… Berndt Keller*Works councils: collective action within corporationsIntroductionThe assumption of …” „… . I am solely responsible for all remaining statements.228 Works councils: collective action within …”

Wolfgang Mayrhofer Institutionalization of personnel management and collective action S. 167-180

„… Wolfgang Mayrhofer*Institutionalization of personnel management and collective actionIntroductionAt …” „… different settings to gain credibility as basis for collective action; and they support power accumulation …” „… : wolfgang.mayrhofer@wu.ac.atInstitutionalization of personnel management and collective action 167management review, Vol. 33 (2022), Special …”

David P. Schweikard The Agential Profiles of Organizations S. 122-139

„… on Joint, Collective and Group Inten-tional Action, Malaga: Vernon Press.Lawford-Smith, H. (2019 …” „… , Oxford: Oxford University Press.Ludwig, K. (2013). Proxy Agency in Collective Action, Nous 48(1 …” „… ), 75–105.138 David P. SchweikardLudwig, K. (2017). From Plural to Institutional Agency – Collective Action II …”

Frank Schirmer Micropolitics in Organizational Change S. 181-197

„… competing goals and interests, potentially undermining collective corporate action. This character of change …” „… ”, which potentially lead to collective, i.e., corporate action and change. A further aim of this chapter …” „… collective action, but not a unified collective actor. Organizations represent specific solutions that actors …”

Wenzel Matiaske, Dorothea Alewell, Ortrud Leßmann The “Betrieb” as corporate actor S. 7-20

„… competing goals and interests, which potentially undermine collective corporate action, he argues that this …” „… potentially lead to collective, i.e., corporate action and change. He sheds light on how this perspective can …” „… theoretical research.Berndt Keller, in his chapter on “Works councils: collective action within corpo-rations …”

Rolf Brühl On the responsibility of corporate actors for human rights in the supply chain S. 60-83

„… as a dependent permanent establishment of the parent compa-ny in these specific actions.On the …” „… outlined action-theoretical discussions in philosophy and business ethics that help justify companies …” „… ) justificatory orders distinguish between seven worlds, each of which is a collective horizon of social actors …”

Bénédicte Zimmermann The Five Features of a Capability-Enhancing Organization: Bridging Organizational and Workers’ Capabilities S. 198-213

„… thought and action. Thus, the capability approach proves to be highly relevant for addressing the actual …” „… results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective …” „… , labor and continuing-training laws or sectoral and territorial collective agreements that firms are …”

Cécile Ezvan Cécile Renouard Responsible investment towards sustainable human development: The critical contribution of the capability approach S. 84-107

„… Ethics 115(4), 707–721.Gond, J. P. & Piani, V. (2013). Permettre l'action collective des investisseurs …” „… social justice and freedom (Nussbaum, 2006; Sen, 2014) as a driver of human empowerment and action …” „… (CSR) to multiple actors, and investment choices engage a collective and shared responsibility (Gond …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140Wolfgang MayrhoferInstitutionalization of personnel management and collective action …” „… . . . . . . . . 214Berndt KellerWorks councils: collective action within corporations …” „… refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Nomos or the …”

Hartmut Kliemt What should moral managers do? The moral virtues of shareholder value conceptions of management S. 108-121

„… according to the values endorsed by owner-group B the action should be y. A coherent ethical view cannot …” „… . Even if you – in view of the collective goods aspects of worldwide carbon control – deem it irrational …” „… particular, aims, ends or val-ues better than available alternatives.Friedman’s claim that an action like …”

David Marsden, Berndt Keller Organisational Ownership and Employee Well-being – A conversation S. 275-286

„… that there must be some kind of composition and selection effects. In other words perhaps collective …” „… perhaps through enhanced employee voice, through collective 278 David Marsden and Berndt Kellerbargaining …” „… individual and collective power and so on and so forth. So how do you cope with these issues in the …”

Charlotte Schmitt-Leonardy Criminal Responsibility for Corporate Crimes in Germany? The Never Ending Story to finally get (to) the Corporate Actor S. 46-59

„… actions is to be held criminally liable. This should allow to adequately take into account the economic …” „… collective intentionality and a system of attribution of responsibility more closely linked to the corporate …”

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