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Michael O'Hanlon - Military History for the Modern Strategist

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Michael O'Hanlon

Military History for the Modern Strategist

2023

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1. The American Civil War S. 1-52

„… 1ONE The American Civil WarThe American Civil War is a tragic tale of combat that decimated and …” „… about the nature of modern warfare. The American Civil War was arguably the first modern conflict of …” „… that the American Civil War holds for current policymakers and strategists. It is a warning about the …”

Notes S. 327-376

„… (Boston: Beacon Press, 2006), p. 154.1. The American Civil War1. Russell F. Weigley, A Great Civil War: A …” „… . McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom (Oxford University Press, 1988), pp. 306–07; History . net, “Civil War …” „… Battles,” Arlington, Va., 2020, historynet . com / civil - war - battles; and National Park Ser vice, “The …”

Index S. 377-402

„… Iraq and, 263; on Korean War, 200–01United States Civil War. See American Civil WarUnited States grand …” „… against, 285; al- Zarqawi, U.S. killing of, 273Ambrose, Stephen, 12American Civil War, 1–52; attack and …” „… WarAmin, Hafizullah, 251Anglo- Russian Convention (1907), 65Antisubmarine warfare: WWI and, 68, 103; WWII …”

Preface

„… vii1 The American Civil War 12 World War I 533 World War II 1154 Korea and Vietnam 1915 America’s …” „… States marked the beginning of industrialized and large- scale com-bat, the U.S. Civil War. It examines …” „… , designed to seize Richmond during the spring and early summer of 1862 in the U.S. Civil War. Or consider …”

2. World War I S. 53-114

„… American Civil War, militaries had not really grappled with the likely characteristics of war-fare in an …” „… (except Rus sia, with an estimated 170 million).4 By contrast, the American Civil War, itself con-sidered …” „… nation descending into revolution and civil war and no longer able to mount meaningful military re sis …”

5. America’s Wars in the Middle East since 1990 S. 239-314

„… , “Train and Equip,” and Civil WarAs an increasing number of tragic events unfolded, the American strategy …” „… answers to sectarian conflict and the growing sense of a Sunni- Shia civil war.By the time the year 2006 …” „… half century. They have included civil war, from 1975 to 1990; Israeli incur-sions and occupation …”

6. Three Lessons S. 315-326

„… could very easily have won the Civil War—in the sense of persuading the Union to give up the strug gle …” „… courage and resilience)— these types of wild cards do much to determine who wins a war.The Confederacy …” „… warning: The history of war is rife with overconfident leaders, espe-cially those who choose to start …”

4. Korea and Vietnam S. 191-238

„… reunification was never to come. When Mao’s Communists won the Chinese civil war in 1949, North Korean dictator …” „… twentieth- century warfare.As the U.S. military machine started to scrape off the World War II dust and …” „… 300 600 milesKorean WarGulf ofTonkinSouthChina SeaGulf …”

3. World War II S. 115-190

„… nese advance— made that advance an urgent priority.”36For China, well into a long-standing civil war by …” „… passionate and ambitious warrior class.Accordingly, World War II ultimately dwarfed World War I in scale …” „… Schlieffen Plan of World War I. He also sought to pick off victims one by one— making sure France was out of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815739845

Nicolas Rost - Trapped in a Vicious Circle

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Nicolas Rost

Trapped in a Vicious Circle

Series: Demokratie, Sicherheit, Frieden

Volume 206 2012

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Repression as a Harbinger of Civil War S. 65-86

„… , and, on the other hand, a clear early warning sign of wars to come. Introduction Civil wars rarely …” „… escalatory process and an early warning sign of civil war onset. In this study, I do not argue that …” „… and state weakness coexist are especially civil war-prone, as weak governments trying to repress …”

A Global Risk Assessment Model for Civil Wars (with Gerald Schneider and Johannes Kleibl) S. 87-109

„… Part II: Early Warning – Assessing the Risk of Repression and Civil Wars to Come 89 In this …” „… assessment, early warning and civil war, and laying out theoretical expectations about factors that are …” „… Warning and Risk Assessment, Civil War and Human Rights Violations Early warning and risk assessment …”

Mediating Civil War Settlements and the Duration of Peace (with Mehmet Gurses and Patrick McLeod) S. 189-213

„… 189 Chapter 9: Mediating Civil War Settlements and the Duration of Peace with Mehmet Gurses and …” „… mediation attempts during civil war on the duration of peace once the war has ended. Several aspects of the …” „… distinct impact on the duration of peace after a civil war. In empirical tests on civil wars from 1945 to …”

Taking Matters into Their Own Hands: An Analysis of the Determinants of State-Conducted Peacekeeping in Civil Wars (with J. Michael Greig) S. 163-189

„… theoretical framework empirically by pairing civil war-countries with potential providers of peacekeeping …” „… peacekeepers to civil wars with multiple warring factions. Increasing the number of factions in a civil war …” „… dissertation, I illustrated how threats to human security accumulate in civil wars, and examined several links …”

Vicious Circles S. 11-24

„… independent in 1962. One year later, a civil war broke out between Tutsi rebels based in Burundi and the …” „… autocracy, political instability, civil war, repression and mass killings, rarely come alone. Rather, they …” „… to another: Repression is a strong sign of an increased risk of civil war; civil wars are sometimes …”

Links between Threats to Human Security S. 25-37

„… country-years with data available between 1976 and 2004 (793 out of 4,264), and war-years (civil war only) for 6 …” „… Part I: Analysis – How Authoritarianism, Repression and Civil War Are Interlinked 27 …” „… the process that leads to civil war, as well as the situation in post-war environments. These …”

References S. 219-242

„… . «Warming increases the risk of civil war in Africa.» Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the …” „… . Acemoglu, Daron, Davide Ticchi, and Andrea Vindigni. 2011. «Persistence of Civil Wars.» Journal of the …” „… , Jean-Paul, and Anke Hoeffler. 2002. «Violence Against Civilians in Civil Wars: Looting or Terror?» Journal …”

Conclusion S. 213-218

„… process leading to civil war and (2) that repression is a clear early warning sign of an increased risk of …” „… assessment and early warning of internal conflict and civil war has intensified in recent years (e.g …” „… strongest risk factors and early warning signs of future civil war. This can help policymakers to identify …”

Determinants of Regime Type in Newly Independent States (with John A. Booth) S. 37-65

„… thresholds. 59 count for a large part of democratic civil war-years (49 of 132 or 37%). In Myanmar and …” „… Variables on Autocracy/ Democracy over Time -8-6-4-20246Change in Polity2Cold War endsCivil WarGDP per …” „… , a clear early warning sign of wars to come. Introduction Civil wars rarely erupt. Rather, they …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Harbinger of Civil War 65 Part II: Early Warning – Assessing The Risk of Repression and Civil Wars o Come …” „… Shikano Prof. Dr. Thomas ElbertBUT_Rost_7744-3.indd 4 13.07.12 08:275 Summary Civil war, repression …” „… circles: Repression is a strong sign of an increased risk of civil war; civil wars are sometimes used as …”

Will it Happen Again? On the Possibility of Forecasting the Risk of Genocide S. 131-162

„… people killed in civil wars between 1945 and 1999 according to Fearon and Laitin 2003a).67 Military …” „… sustained policies by governing elites or their agents – or, in the case of civil war, either of the …” „… research (Harff 2003), I do not find civil war or adverse regime change to be a necessary condition for …”

Assessing Risk and Opportunity in Conflict Studies: A Human Rights Analysis (with Steven C. Poe and Sabine Carey) S. 109-131

„… civil wars have been active and at least somewhat successful in building forecasting systems. Why …” „… well as certain state behaviors such as past repression and involvement in international and civil war …” „… , Gelleny, and Sacko 2001). Similarly, governments that are fighting in international or civil wars have …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845242453

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Jem Duducu

Hollywood and History

2023

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Chapter 7 The Not So Civil War S. 113-126

„… 113Chapter 7The Not So Civil WarThe civil war that erupted in Russia during World War I lasted …” „… longer than America’s civil war and killed at least seven million people. The political aftermath of the …” „… communist victory changed the course of the twentieth cen-tury. But that civil war is all about Russians and …”

Index S. 233-246

„… ; as US Civil War film, 113–15Black Death, 39, 45BlacKkKlansman (2028), 199–200Black Lives Matter (BLM …” „… (2022), 204Emma (1996, 2020): as social history films, 100–101; textiles in, 100–101English Civil War …” „… , Andrew, 163Gere, Richard, 23Gérôme, Jean-Léon, 8Gerwig, Greta, 106Gettysburg (1993): Civil War reenactors …”

Bibliography S. 229-232

„… and Civil War 1917–21. London: W&N, 2022.Benbow, Mark E. “Birth of a Quotation: Woodrow Wilson and …” „… South Lost the Civil War.” Historynet, August 19, 1999, https: // www .historynet .com /why -the -south …” „… -lost -the -civil -war -cover -page -february -99 -american -history -feature /. …”

Chapter 8 How the West Wasn’t Won S. 127-148

„… of cowboys were Black, and after the Civil War, many of them were freed slaves looking to start life …” „… in a lifetime, but the Wild West era, which lasted perhaps twenty years from post–Civil War America …” „… American Civil War, a key part of the plot, but it is not a war film. Then there’s the biggest-grossing …”

Chapter 9 Oh! What a Lovely War S. 149-172

„… looking at the films about the world wars (and a little about Korea and the Russian Civil War, too) and …” „… World War and the subsequent Russian Oh! What a Lovely War 153Civil War. What Lean did with sand in …” „… a number of sides in the civil war. These were vital as the distances were vast.The Russian Civil …”

Chapter 5 Eastern Promise S. 75-94

„… the country was constantly in the throes of civil war. It was a lawless time and vil-lages like the …” „… ) in the Boshin War. The background to the war began with the constant civil strife of the Sengoku …” „… the shogunate to its stagnation. The subsequent Boshin War was not just a civil war but an argu-ment …”

Chapter 11 I Have a Dream? S. 195-208

„… blighted the American South a century after the Civil War.While many of the stories told in the films …” „… 195Chapter 11I Have a Dream?The story of civil rights is a specifically American one. While there …” „… relations with either indigenous or immigrant communities, but each story is different. The civil rights …”

Chapter 6 Little Wuthering Prejudice S. 95-112

„… the purple” (this did lead to civil wars, but that’s another story).2The Chinese had the same problems …” „… mother. The story is set during the US Civil War, and their father is a chap-lain in the Union army. Like …” „… written to depict the time of civil war and its aftermath, it could just as easily be about women during …”

Chapter 12 ’Nam S. 209-226

„… lots of proxy wars, mainly civil wars where the great powers picked a side believed to be amenable to …” „… utterly bleak, unrelent-ingly honest portrayal of the civil war in El Salvador. As soon as he made that …” „… of the Cold War.Fighting in Vietnam started with French colonial forces in the 1800s. It would …”

Chapter 4 To Bard or Not to Bard S. 57-74

„… of England’s King Henry I) fought a twenty-year civil war with the usurper King Stephen to get her …” „… in the chapter on the US Civil War. Shakespeare’s plays also have their problems. Even defenders of …” „… happening in the fifth century BC (at roughly the same time as the Greco-Persian Wars), when Rome was little …”

Preface

„… So Civil War 113Chapter 8: How the West Wasn’t Won 127Chapter 9: Oh! What a Lovely War 149Chapter …”

Chapter 1 It’s All Greek to Me S. 1-18

„… outrageous, but he was better than civil war.Two brief points: First, the core of the movie is the argument …” „… Trumbo never received when facing the HUAC.The events of what has become known as the Third Servile War …” „… historical drama to disaster movie.Why is Richard Burton in the World War II movie The Longest Day? Because …”

Chapter 10 Badfellas S. 173-194

„… impos-sible to summarize. But let’s start with what is meant by the “Cold War.” A “hot war” means actual …” „… combat is taking place between the two sides. After World War II the world generally fell into two camps …” „… outlook such as Australia and Turkey.At the conclusion of World War II, the so-called Cold War broke out …”

Chapter 3 The Bloody Tudors S. 39-56

„… civil war and was eventually beheaded. These are big moments in British history, but there aren’t many …” „… campaign of warfare against the French (known as the Hundred Years’ War). His first major clash took place …” „… all the World War II movies on TV on Sunday afternoons. The Bloody Tudors 41I was steeped in the war …”

Chapter 2 Ye Olde Middle Ages S. 19-38

„… thing he had nearby, a wooden stool). His father was captured during a civil war, and Edward kept on …” „… . Shooting in Scotland created an almost World War I atmosphere of constant cold and damp, with mud …” „… other countries became more stable, with fewer wars, windows were the order of the day. So please …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538177075

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Jurgen Brauer

War and Nature

2009

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Chapter 04. Civil War and Borderland Effects S. 119-154

„… :119Scientific literature on the effects of civil war on nature is much dis-persed and …” „… environmental effects of civil war in Latin American countries have rarely been examined. For Asia, Afghani-stan …” „… , from the mid-1990s more attention and funding has been given to the study of civil war and biodiversity …”

Preface

„… 1053.4 In Sum 1083.5 Bibliographic Note 110CHAPTER 4Civil War and Borderland Effects 1194.1 Rwanda and …” „… trait.This book is about our wars—humans’ wars—and the environmental consequences they entail for the rest of …” „… , seemingly minor local wars also relate to the theme of globalization. For example, the civil war in Sri …”

Index S. 217-232

„… Soviet-Afghan War; Taliban, U.S. war againstAfrican civil wars, 26; decimation of large animals during, 159 …” „… Zone (CZZ), 166civil war: and biodiversity, 119–20; defined, 150n2; environmental effects of, xvi, 119 …” „… zones, business in, 178–81Congo, 121; civil war(s), 133, 134, 136–39; deforestation, 131–32, 139 …”

Chapter 05. War and Nature in a Globalized World S. 155-186

„… warfare, the evidence for war-related environmental effects is, while incomplete, clearly far more …” „… than fifty years of civil war in Colombia, twenty-five years in Sri Lanka, about forty years in Angola …” „… unsustainable ways. This is one of the major common themes arising from the civil war cases. Any single war’s …”

List of References S. 187-216

„… . 1996. “En-terovirus Load of the Nile River at the Aswan As a Result of the Rwandan Civil War, 1993 …” „… Role of the Oil and Banking In-dustries in Angola’s Civil War and the Plunder of State Assets. Report …” „… . 1997. “The Effects of the Rwandan Civil War on Poaching of Ungulates in the Parc National des Volcans …”

Chapter 01. Globalization, Nature, and War S. 1-44

„… Testing1.2.1 Nuclear WarSome forms of war or war-related production and consumption can carry particularly …” „… warfare.Arguing that parties in war might legally take aim at the first and second items—destruction of population …” „… threatened and killed in El Salvador in the 1980s. During the African civil wars of the 1990s, there were …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780759119291

Earl J. Hess - Civil War Torpedoes and the Global Development of Landmine Warfare

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Earl J. Hess

Civil War Torpedoes and the Global Development of Landmine Warfare

2023

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Chapter 12 Global Developments after the Civil War S. 175-184

„… 175Chapter 12Global Developments after the Civil War“The Effective Stigmatization of the Weapon”The …” „… Developments after the Civil War 177from the intense moral revulsion against torpedo warfare as practiced by …” „… Crimean War combined with the Civil War initiated a new phase in the history of antipersonnel weapons …”

Chapter 11 Developments in the United States after the Civil War S. 155-174

„… sudden exposure to modern warfare.The Civil War occurred at a time when improvement in the detonation of …” „… 155Chapter 11Developments in the United States after the Civil War“The Weapon the Father Prepared …” „… , May Turn Against the Son”The use of torpedoes in the Civil War created a great deal of resonance in …”

Preface

„… WarEarl J. Hess, Civil War Torpedoes and the Global Development of Landmine WarfareBrian D. Laslie, Air …” „… Civil War Torpedoes and the Global Development of Landmine WarfareWAR AND SOCIETYSeries Editors …” „… landmine warfare. Unlike Sebastopol, the Civil War led to theories about deployment and use of these …”

Bibliography S. 223-242

„… Historical Society, St. Paul George R. Buckman Civil War PapersMississippi Department of Archives and History …” „… , Civil War CollectionStanford University, Special Collections, Stanford, California Frederick Steele …” „… PapersTennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville Thomas B. Beggs Diary, Civil War CollectionTulane University …”

Notes S. 197-222

„… ,” 38; Youngblood, Development of Mine War-fare, 41.30. Sears, ed., Civil War Papers, 254, 256.31. Diary …” „… and Wideman, Civil War Torpedoes, 335, 337, 567–68, 582; Schiffer, Power Struggles, 14, 19, 75–79 …” „… Royal Expedition,” 687; OR, vol. 6, 18–20.8. Hess, Civil War in the West, 11–17.9. Nichols, Confederate …”

Conclusion S. 185-192

„… 185ConclusionThe Civil War was a watershed in the development of landmines. It saw the first large …” „… how to use the device in its tactical setting appeared during the Civil War. This doctrine, also …” „… using the device.The significance of the Civil War in the overall history of landmines has been muted …”

About the Author S. 251-252

„… , Tennessee, is the author or editor of twenty-six books on Civil War history. They include Civil War …” „… Logistics: A Study of Military Transportation (2017), Civil War Supply and Strategy: Feeding Men and Moving …” „… Armies (2020), and Animal Histories of the Civil War Era (2022). Hess’s study Civil War Infantry Tactics …”

Chapter 1 Before the War S. 1-12

„… 1Chapter 1Before the War“A Popular Aversion to Their Use”Long before the American Civil War …” „… the Civil War, Admiral David D. Porter wrote the article “Torpedo Warfare” for the North American …” „… rarely decisive and frequently unreliable.”10Nevertheless, military writers of the Civil War era devoted …”

Index S. 243-250

„… , 2Civil War: global landmine warfare, xiii–xv, 159, 166, 175, 177, 185, 190, 192; number of landmine …” „… ., 47Lamb, William, 99–102landmines, after the Civil War, 175–84; animals, 176; anti-vehicle mines, 177 …” „… , 176, 179–81; technology, 177–81landmines, before and during the Civil War: animals, 71, 78, 79, 110 …”

Appendix S. 193-196

„… Civil War–era America. The elder Gross was the subject of Thomas Eakins’s painting The Gross Clinic …” „… number of people killed or injured by landmines during the Civil War. There are partial lists for a few …” „… landmines during the Civil War. That figure is skewed because 191 of them, or 59.9 percent of the total …”

Chapter 6 Sheridan’s Raid, Petersburg S. 67-80

„… Union infantry raids across a large theater of operations. Each year of the Civil War brought with it …” „… been 2,163 yards long. This planting was by far the biggest torpedo field yet created in the Civil War …” „… know the pattern used by the Russians in 1854, but in the Civil War, the Petersburg minefield was the …”

Chapter 3 Yorktown S. 21-36

„… example of torpedo use on land in the Civil War. This exposure brought into play discussions about the …” „… Vermont, just before the outbreak of the Civil War. A staunch Southerner, he resigned his commission in …” „… about the Yorktown torpedoes would never die in the North until the passing of the Civil War generation …”

Chapter 2 Lexington, Port Royal, Columbus S. 13-20

„… major feature of the Civil War.LEXINGTONThe siege of Lexington was part of the early days of the war in …” „… Brutal”During the first year of the Civil War, only furtive efforts were made to use improvised landmines. In …” „… up that such devices are essentially mean.” It was typical for these early Civil War instances of …”

Chapter 10 Attacking Communications S. 131-154

„… the transport Sultana at the end of the conflict. This was the most famous boat wreck of the Civil War …” „… the most sophisticated torpedo developed during the Civil War. Exactly who created it is unclear, but …” „… Civil War. This photograph was taken sometime after the explosion, before all the damage to the …”

Chapter 9 Mobile S. 113-130

„… seen in the Civil War. It was, in other words, a more sophisticated example of torpedo warfare than any …” „… where they stepped. The plantings at Mobile ended the Civil War with a deadly flourish.When Gabriel …” „… of the Civil War. As he and the other two men were carried back through the communication trench to …”

Chapter 4 Vicksburg, Port Hudson, Jackson S. 37-50

„… participated in his first and only Civil War battle when Johnston attacked McClellan’s army near Seven Pines …” „… to the Civil War and to global history. Rains’s most important technical contribution was developing …” „… 37Chapter 4Vicksburg, Port Hudson, Jackson“Legitimate Weapons of Warfare”The fallout from the …”

Chapter 7 March to the Sea, Pooler Station, Fort McAllister S. 81-98

„… victim of a landmine in the Civil War to describe the incident and his recovery from the amputation of a …” „… to be hurt by a land-mine in the Civil War, and Hickenlooper undoubtedly saved his life by apply-ing …” „… 81Chapter 7March to the Sea, Pooler Station, Fort McAllister“This Was Not War, but Murder, and It …”

Chapter 5 Fort Wagner, Fort Esperanza S. 51-66

„… autumn of 1863 as a way to threaten the French, who were intervening in a civil war in Mexico, and to cut …” „… 51Chapter 5Fort Wagner, Fort Esperanza“Scarcely Civilized Warfare”Immediately following the limited …” „… one of military engineering,” Beauregard told Confederate Secretary of War James A. Seddon on July 20 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538174296

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