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Joseph Braude

Broadcasting Change

2017

doi.org/10.5771/9781538101292

Ben Martin Irle - Convergence of Communications

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Ben Martin Irle

Convergence of Communications

Series: Materialien zur rechtswissenschaftlichen Medien- und Informationsforschung

Volume 62 2009

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Public Broadcasting S. 133-138

„… British BroadcastingCompany founded in 1923, which was a commercial alliance of radio manufacturers. The …” „… broadcasters will cope with the oncoming developments.C. Private Commercial BroadcastingPrivate commercial …” „… and conducted by nationwide responsible authorities.The broadcasting sector in the United Kingdom is …”

Public Broadcasting S. 180-183

„… Contract1046 and theHamburg Media Act.1047D. Public BroadcastingAs the BBC served as a role model for the …” „… , namely the BroadcastingCouncil and the Administrative Council.1056 The Broadcasting Council is …” „… Commercial BroadcastingPrivate commercial broadcasting is offered by a variety of different operatorswhich …”

Digital Broadcasting S. 29-36

„… necessity of reshaping current media and telecommunication markets. B. Digital BroadcastingApplications …” „… 29broadcasting.72 Although the quality is still poor, it will be possible within thenext five to …” „… broadcasting standard.73 Thus the user isin the position of receiving audio and visual content from …”

Private Commercial Broadcasting S. 138-175

„… Commercial BroadcastingPrivate commercial broadcasting consists of TV and radio broadcasting. As thesetwo …” „… telecommunications and broadcastingservices, this aggravated the market entry conditions. A broadcasting licence …” „… the licensing regime of the cable sector governed by BroadcastingAct 1990 was the distinction between …”

Private Commercial Broadcasting S. 183-187

„… 183E. Private Commercial BroadcastingPrivate commercial broadcasting is offered by a variety of …” „… , in contrast to the traditional U.K. law, there is no separateregulator on sound broadcasting.The …” „… context of broadcasting.At the beginning of this thesis, the indefinite meaning of the term …”

The “Concept of Broadcasting” S. 178-179

„… Broadcasting”The “Concept of Broadcasting” determines the scope of applications that are subject to the applicable …” „… , “broadcasting”is “...the organisation and dissemination of any kind of performances directed tothe public and …” „… 178Remarkable about the development of the German broadcasting system is theinfluence of law and …”

Conclusion on German Broadcasting S. 194-195

„… regulation.G. Conclusion on German BroadcastingAs the regulatory objectives in Germany are identical with those …” „… 194Media-services equated with broadcasting services are to the full extent subjectto the …” „… regulatory principles of the Interstate Treaty on Broadcasting and thus tothe respective market entry control …”

Federalist Fragmentation and the Systematic of Broadcasting Law S. 179-180

„… theHamburg Media Act.1047D. Public BroadcastingAs the BBC served as a role model for the restructuring of …” „… licence duty, the Germany approach is more open. Any services covered by the “Concept of Broadcasting” are …” „… Systematic of Broadcasting LawSince legislation and regulatory supervision of broadcasting fall within the …”

The Role of Telecommunications Market Entry Regulation within Broadcasting S. 175-176

„… 175D. The Role of Telecommunications Market Entry Regulation within BroadcastingThe …” „… 1990 nor the amendments of the BroadcastingAct 1996 dealt with broadcasting systems.1035 These Acts …” „… concepts it is important to note the distinction between services and systems. Neither the Broadcasting Act …”

Introduction S. 177-178

„… commercial broadcasting and the market entry procedure applied therein.B. The “Concept of Broadcasting”The …” „… , “broadcasting”is “...the organisation and dissemination of any kind of performances directed tothe public and …” „… ., the broadcasting law of Germany has not been subject toa regulatory reform. The following analysis …”

Introduction S. 130-133

„… BroadcastingCompany founded in 1923, which was a commercial alliance of radio manufacturers. The BBC is not just a …” „… the traditional broadcasting sector but also the information technology (IT) sector which offers, in …” „… market entry regulation applied in the broadcasting sector.Besides examining the underlying principles of …”

Conclusion S. 176-177

„… broadcasting applications would meanthat those services would be subject to different regulatory regimes and …” „… provided an insight into the conventional broadcasting regulation of the U.K. Introducing the regulators …” „… so far applied broadcasting regulation wouldsignificantly hinder operators from offering new …”

The Dual Concept of Market Entry Regulation S. 269-327

„… servicesTerrestrial television remains operated by the BBC and “Television BroadcastingServices”. ”Television …” „… broadcasting services as a result of convergence. In a nutshell, due to the different regulatory objectives …” „… to separate concepts of communications networks and services on the one hand and broadcasting and …”

Multimedia – The Regulation of Media-Services and Tele-Services S. 187-194

„… multimedia services only arises in the context of broadcasting.At the beginning of this thesis, the …” „… be one of the cornerstones of future regulation.G. Conclusion on German BroadcastingAs the regulatory …” „… radiospectrum. Following the concept that broadcasting is within the remit of the statesand beyond the sphere of …”

Statutes, Regulations and E.U. Directives S. 382-391

„… . broadcasting/app_guidance/RLCSguidancev2.pdf> (lastvisited October 2004)• Office of Communications (Ofcom). (2004). A Statement on …” „… Wales. (1999). 4th ed. Vol. 45. 1999 Reissue. Telecommunications and Broadcasting, Theatres and Other …” „… Statutes of England and Wales. (1999). 4th ed. Vol. 45. 1999 Reissue. Telecommunications and Broadcasting …”

Conclusion S. 195-196

„… advantages. First, it is an efficient means to separate broadcasting from the federal state’s control. This …” „… programmes and thus effectively promotes one of the main objectivesof broadcasting regulation. Another …” „… broadcasting regulation are identical in both countries, the German approach has more clarity andis by far less …”

The Internet – Gateway to Multimedia S. 27-29

„… necessity of reshaping current media and telecommunication markets. B. Digital BroadcastingApplications …” „… multimedia applications by a larger public.62 Especially remarkable are thebenefits for broadcasting. Here …” „… Select Committee Inquiry into audiovisual communications and theregulation of broadcasting. Beyond the …”

Introduction S. 133

„… British BroadcastingCompany founded in 1923, which was a commercial alliance of radio manufacturers. The …” „… and conducted by nationwide responsible authorities.The broadcasting sector in the United Kingdom is …” „… divided into public and commercial private broadcasting. These two types are based on different legal …”

Reassessment of Sector Specific Regulation S. 44-48

„… discussed.B. Reassessment of Sector Specific RegulationTelecommunications, broadcasting and information …” „… traditionally been governed by sector-specificregulation. While the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors …” „… regulation introduced byand based on European law. Broadcasting regulation rests on policy and publicinterest …”

Final Conclusion S. 357-364

„… conventionallyseparated sectors of telecommunications, broadcasting and information technologies, neither makes regulation …” „… regulatory objectives pursued by telecommunications and broadcasting regulators. As convergence results in …” „… German conceptsof telecommunications and broadcasting regulations not only revealed the shortfallings of …”

Regulatory Issues Raised by Convergence S. 48-54

„… , on the one hand and to broadcasting, on the other hand, andonly rudimentary regulation on information …” „… technologies. Convergence blurs thelines between broadcasting, telecommunications and IT, specific …” „… argument of broadcasting content control, will diminish. Thecriteria of future regulation has to be …”

Monographs & Law Books S. 371-372

„… ). Broadcasting Law – A Comparative Study. New York: Oxford UniversityPress• Beesley M E / Goyder D / Matson M J …” „… / Smits J. (1999). Digital Video Broadcasting: Technology, Standards, and Regulations. Boston: Artech …” „… Press• Crisell A. (1997). An Introductory History of British Broadcasting. London / New York:Routledge …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… elimination of the traditionally existing separation of the telecommunications, broadcasting and information …” „… TechnicalConvergence 27A. The Internet – Gateway to Multimedia 27B. Digital Broadcasting 29C. Universal Mobile …” „… 130II. United Kingdom 133A. Introduction 133B. Public Broadcasting 1331. Introduction 1332. Legal …”

The Reformatory Process S. 246-253

„… frameworks on telecommunications and broadcastingregulation such as the Broadcasting Act 1996 had only …” „… restructuringtheir traditional regulatory regimes of telecommunications and broadcasting andhave thus furthered the …” „… regimes applicable to the distinguishedtelecommunications and broadcasting sectors. It is – at least for …”

The Reformatory Initiative S. 200-210

„… responsibilities for communications and broadcasting between thefederal state and the states, this section will …” „… existing regulatory regimesgoverning the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors, both on the European …” „… whilst maintaining the conventional telecommunications and broadcasting regulation. While this …”

Introduction S. 78-83

„… In 1992 British Sky Broadcasting(BSkyB) operated 29 satellite and cable services.338 The broadcaster …” „… the broadcasting and telecommunications markets.326The successof the liberalization process was …” „… . Telecommunications and Broadcasting: Convergence or Collision? Paris Cedex:1992, p. 226323 König C / Kühling J. (2000 …”

Introduction S. 197-200

„… traditionally separated sectors of telecommunications, broadcasting and computing is not only a process confined …” „… shortcomings in conventional broadcasting marketentry regulation. In contrast to telecommunications the …” „… regulatory objectives pursued in broadcasting are less affected by convergence. Diversity, programmequality …”

Network Convergence S. 20-21

„… terms this means that telecommunications networks will be able to distribute broadcasting programmes …” „… classical telecommunicationsand broadcasting networks but also comprises other utility networks such as …” „… ). An Introductory History of British Broadcasting. London: Routledge,p. 21912 European Commission …”

Conclusion S. 327-329

„… establish digital TV and audio broadcasting and thereby makingconvergence-based technologies and …” „… technology, wide spread circulation of digital broadcasting, promotes a variety of different services …” „… , resulting in competition within the new digital broadcasting markets. Altogether, the new regulatory regime …”

Technical Convergence S. 18-20

„… and Sports Select Committee Inquiry into audio-visual communications and theregulation of broadcasting …” „… , broadcasting and informationtechnology, in order to form new sectors.5To get a real understanding of …” „… new consumer devices that enable the user to use the5 Telecommunications and Broadcasting: Convergence …”

Office of Communications (Ofcom) S. 253-269

„… 253networks, services and spectrum; and the modification of broadcasting regulationagainst the …” „… forms of communications including bothof the hitherto separated telecommunications and broadcasting …” „… , Radio Authority, Broadcasting Standards Commission and theRadiocommunications Agency through which the …”

Transferability of the U.K. Regulatory Model to German Communications Markets S. 348-357

„… broadcasting.2271 The constitutional allocation of legislative and administrative competences also prohibits …” „… production of equipment as regards digital broadcasting, the introductionof must-carry provisions and …” „… deficitscould remedied by improving cooperation. In order to tighten the federal structureof broadcasting …”

Key-Role of New Technologies S. 23-26

„… ’s.27 However, the interaction of telecommunications and broadcasting cannot be regarded as an …” „… of transcontinental telephone calls. Similarly, coaxial copper cables are used for broadcasting.28 …” „… broadcasting. Beyond the Telephone, the Television and the PC – II. London:OFTEL, Annex 129 Ibid.30 cf. Squire …”

Market Convergence S. 22-23

„… telecommunications initiated by European law and – to a lesser extent – also of the broadcasting sector. This …” „… . Garzaniti L. (2000). Telecommunications Broadcasting and the Internet: E.U. Competition Law and Regulation …” „… However, the interaction of telecommunications and broadcasting cannot be regarded as an innovation of …”

Service Convergence S. 21-22

„… the same time, one of the crucial limitations of telecommunications and even more of broadcasting has …” „… telecommunications,broadcasting and information technology. Beyond that, completely new kinds ofservices are created such as home …” „… ; Marsden C / Verhulst S, op.cit., p. 420 cf. Garzaniti L. (2000). Telecommunications Broadcasting and the …”

Introduction S. 329-331

„… digital broadcasting to a different extent to TV and audio broadcasting taking into account the …” „… telecommunications and broadcasting sectors. In fact,there have been debates regarding a complete overhaul of the …” „… responsibilities for telecommunications and broadcasting, any reform reaching across the communications sectors …”

Bibliography S. 371

„… ). Broadcasting Law – A Comparative Study. New York: Oxford UniversityPress• Beesley M E / Goyder D / Matson M J …” „… / Smits J. (1999). Digital Video Broadcasting: Technology, Standards, and Regulations. Boston: Artech …” „… Press• Crisell A. (1997). An Introductory History of British Broadcasting. London / New York:Routledge …”

Changing Markets and Services S. 37-41

„… , i.e. telecommunications and broadcasting, differentlaws and the areas of responsibility of different …” „… , communicate and enjoy entertainment. As the barriers between telecommunications, broadcasting and IT blur, the …” „… their separation from each other.Since telecommunications and broadcasting are the industries most …”

Telecommunications Licensing S. 89-94

„… broadcasting providers also disseminate their programs via cable and therefore still had to obtain a second …” „… Broadcasting Act 1990,Schedule 21, s. 3892wishing to broadcast media-services also needed to acquire a further …” „… licenceunder the Broadcasting Act 1990407 for those services.408 As will be explained inthe following chapter …”

Issues Of The Thesis S. 54-57

„… forregulatory guidance are, for instance, multi-channel broadcasting, Pay-TV and itsunderlying conditional …” „… multi-channel broadcasting marketrequires new forms of broadcasting financing since the decrease of the …” „… . The decrease of market shares onthe national markets resulting from multi-channel broadcasting makes …”

Implications and Advantages S. 26-27

„… remarkable are thebenefits for broadcasting. Here there is a much larger divergence in performancebetween …” „… audiovisual communications and theregulation of broadcasting. Beyond the Telephone, the Television and the PC …” „… Committee Inquiry into audiovisual communications and theregulation of broadcasting. Beyond the Telephone …”

The Significance of Telecommunications S. 61-63

„… broadcasting sector and the online sector.The purpose of this chapter and Chapter Three is initially to convey …” „… , telecommunications in its widest sense includes broadcasting, online communications and telecommunicationsin its …” „… necessary as part of the discussion to refer at times to broadcasting and online communications. These …”

Official Publications S. 376-381

„… November 2000. COM (2000) 761• Danby G. (2002). Broadcasting and the Communications Bill. Research Paper …” „… broadcasting. Beyond the Telephone, the Television and the PC - II. London: OFTEL• Office of Telecommunications …” „… regulation of broadcasting. Beyond the Telephone, the Television and the PC – III. London: OFTEL• Office of …”

New Formation of the Multimedia Industry S. 41-44

„… opportunities haveinsprired broadcasting and telecommunications companies to form cooperations,alliances, joint …” „… extraordinary potential.138 Mergers and alliances between the broadcasting and telecommunicationsindustry are …” „… of Sector Specific RegulationTelecommunications, broadcasting and information technologies, also …”

Introduction S. 17-18

„… known as the phenomenon of“convergence” of telecommunications, broadcasting and information …” „… and Sports Select Committee Inquiry into audio-visual communications and theregulation of broadcasting …”

Universal Mobile Telecommunications Services (UMTS) S. 36-37

„… regards the convergenceof communications sectors, i.e. telecommunications and broadcasting, differentlaws …” „… information, communicate and enjoy entertainment. As the barriers between telecommunications, broadcasting and …”

Conclusion S. 127-129

„… which will analyse the national systems ofmarket entry within the broadcasting sector. Chapter Three …” „… will not only illustratethat there is a market entry procedure in broadcasting which multiplied with …”

Introduction S. 59-61

„… Broadcasting and the Internet. E.U. CompetitionLaw and Regulation. London: Sweet & Maxwell Ltd., p. 18, 1-52207 …” „… will be undertaken as to the broadcasting sector and the online sector.The purpose of this chapter and …”

The New Telecommunications Act S. 331-348

„… telecommunications, whereas theGerman states continue to have sole authority for broadcasting regulation. 1 …” „… following conditions which illustrate the progressing convergence of telecommunications and broadcasting are …” „… of inefficient apparatus.2235 As regards frequencies to be usedfor the dissemination of broadcasting …”

Gradual Liberalization and Harmonisation of the Telecommunications Markets S. 65-74

„… separated telecommunications and broadcasting sectors.After the first measures of liberalization had been …” „… wereoriginally designated for broadcasting to be used now for the transportation ofthose telecommunications …” „… playersformerly engaged in the broadcasting sector could enter the telecommunicationsbusiness. This required all …”

The New Framework and its Implications on Market Entry S. 210-241

„… comprises broadcastingnetworks. However, as pointed out above, this does not include broadcasting content …” „… concerning thepursuit of television broadcasting activities, OJ 1989 L 298/23-30 as amended by Directive97/36 …” „… purpose of transmitting signals, networks used for radio and television broadcasting, and cable …”

Introduction S. 44

„… discussed.B. Reassessment of Sector Specific RegulationTelecommunications, broadcasting and information …”

Lecture Materials S. 375

„… / Jürgens U / Held T / Dreyer S.(2002). Regulation of Broadcasting and InternetServices in Germany – A brief …”

Former Monopolistic Structure of Telecommunications S. 63-65

„… more details, see below.219 Garzaniti L. (2000). Telecommunications Broadcasting and the Internet: E.U …”

Conclusion S. 76-78

„… over the interconnected network. Permitting broadcasting andutility networks to provide …”

Key Principles of Market Entry Regulation S. 74-76

„… network. Permitting broadcasting andutility networks to provide telecommunications services made similar …”

Radiocommunications Agency (RA) S. 87-89

„… like transport, broadcasting,fixed and mobile communications, air traffic control, satellite navigation …”

Wireless Telegraphy Licensing S. 94-99

„… broadcasting sector.The auction system hitherto applied in the U.K. had therefore at least potential torun …”

Regulierungsbehörde für Telekommunikation und Post (RegTP) [renamed as Bundesnetzagentur] S. 103-110

„… broadcasting requirements, and to monitor the public safety interests (Telekommunikationsgesetz (TKG …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845218571

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris - The Olympic Games of the European Union

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Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

The Olympic Games of the European Union

2011

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Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympics and Broadcasting S. 282-283

„… sors?of?the?Games.?Of?course?this?would?not?mean?that?ambush?marketing?practices?would?not?appear?during?the?Olympics.?However,?it?is?states?thatin?this?way,?the?spectators?would?not?be?confused?and?would?easily?recognize?anyambush?marketing?phenomenon.Olympics and Broadcasting”Dear Friends, we in the IOC have done well without TV for 60 years and we …” „… In?an?era?where?the?broadcasting?of?sport?is?being?driven?further?and?further?bypay-per-view?television,?the?question?has?to?be?asked?as?to?how?long?the?OlympicGames?can?withstand? the?pressure?on?one? of? its?fundamental? principles? that …” „… ? alltelevision?agreements?be?based?on?free-to-air?broadcasting.624Final …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Special Issues-Olympics, IP Protection and Broadcasting Rights S. 258

„… Chapter?12Special Issues-Olympics, IP Protection and Broadcasting RightsProtection of the Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law, Mass Media and Sport S. 193-195

„… ram?for?example?constitutes?a?powerful?framework?of?support?of?the?European?radio?broadcasting?or?TV?airings.Sport?is?very?important?for?the?audiovisual?policy?of?the?Community?as?well?asthe?various?social?policies.?A?has?been?mentioned?above?sport?is?caught?by?the?EClaw?ambit?in?so?far?as?it?constitutes?an?economic?activity?under?article?2?EC.418 …” „… ?orderto?gain?profit?of?the?exclusive?broadcasting?of?sporting?events.?These?kind?of?exclusivities,?though,?of?ambiguous?legality?under?the?EC?law.420 …” „… ?of?organizations,?which?will?be?broadcasted?by?thefree?television?without?charging?the?viewers?proportionally?to?the?interest?that?theseorganizations?attract.The?broadcasting …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Responses to Ambush Marketing S. 270-272

„… ?million?dollars?for?beingan?official?sponsor,?obtaining?the?right?to?use?the?official?symbols?of?the?tournament.There?was?no?right?though?for?Cocal?Cola?to?advertise?during?the?broadcasting …” „… ?ofthe?Games.?So,?Pepsi?was?sold?the?right?to?be?the?exclusive?advertiser?of?soft?drinksduring?the?broadcasting?of?the?Games.?So,?although?Pepsi?was?not?an?official?sponsor?of?the?NHL?Playoffs,?it?managed?to?be?connected?with?the?Games?by?being?thesponsor?of?the?broadcasting …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Final Remarks S. 283-284

„… In?an?era?where?the?broadcasting?of?sport?is?being?driven?further?and?further?bypay-per-view?television,?the?question?has?to?be?asked?as?to?how?long?the?OlympicGames?can?withstand? the?pressure?on?one? of? its?fundamental? principles? that …” „… ? alltelevision?agreements?be?based?on?free-to-air?broadcasting.624Final …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and the Olympic Charter S. 90-95

„… ? of?organization,?exploitation,television?broadcasting,?reproduction?by?any?means?whatsoever?etc.Through?the?Host?City?Contract,?the?IOC?cedes?to?the?Organizing?Committeethat?will?be?created?and?to?the?National?Olympic?Committee?the?following:?a?percentage? of? the? television? and? radio? broadcasting? rights? related? to? the …” „… Besides,?the?Host?City?Contract?is?a?contract?referring?to?economic?quantities,rights?and?obligations?and?obviously?concerns?a?serious?and?significant?transactionof?economic?nature.?This?focuses,?in?particular,?on?the?broadcasting …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The commercialization of the Games and the early violations. S. 259-262

„… s?onwards.?People?were?becoming?aware?of?the?commercial?potential?of?the?Olympic?Games.?and?by?1968(Mexico?City),?ABC?paid?over?$4?million?for?the?broadcasting?rights?directly?to?the561 Knight …” „… hereafter,?the?IOC?took?control?of?broadcasting?rights?and?revenue?is?now?sharedbetween?the?IOC?and?the?organising?committee.Severe?infringements?of?the?Olympic?insignia?were?noticed?in?1968,?at?the?WinterOlympic?Games? of?Grenoble.?As? there? was? not? the? slightest? protection? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Compulsory?purchase?and?consistency?with?the?ECHR 255Final?Remarks 25611Chapter?12 258Special?Issues-Olympics,?IP?Protection?and?Broadcasting …” „… Ambush?marketing?legislation?and?freedom?of?expression 280Non-judicial?protection?against?ambush?marketing 280Olympics?and?Broadcasting 282Final?Remarks …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Special legislation introduced by the hosting states S. 272-280

„… ? thepreventative?measures?taken?by?the?ATHOG.?The?most?important?precaution?wasthe?clean?venue?policy.?So,?every?field?of?play?and?its?perimeters,?including?theairspace,?any?object?visible?from?the?TV?broadcasting …” „… ;• editorial?or?journalistic?use?when?publishing?or?broadcasting …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Protection of the Olympic Insignia-Ambush Marketing S. 258

„… Chapter?12Special Issues-Olympics, IP Protection and Broadcasting RightsProtection of the Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 258-259

„… Chapter?12Special Issues-Olympics, IP Protection and Broadcasting RightsProtection of the Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Cassandras which were denied S. 48-49

„… e?organization?regarding?security?matters.The?city?got?full?of?cameras,?which?remained?even?after?the?end?of?the?Games?andmade?the?life?of?the?citizens?a?scene?for?television?broadcasting.In 2008 the world athletic society is hosted to Beijing. The importance of the Asiancontinent and the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova In 2008 the world athletic society is hosted to Beijing. The importance of the Asian continent and the human rights crisis S. 49-50

„… e?organization?regarding?security?matters.The?city?got?full?of?cameras,?which?remained?even?after?the?end?of?the?Games?andmade?the?life?of?the?citizens?a?scene?for?television?broadcasting.In 2008 the world athletic society is hosted to Beijing. The importance of the Asiancontinent and the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Non-judicial protection against ambush marketing S. 280-282

„… vance?well?aware?of?theofficial?sponsors?of?the?Games.?Of?course?this?would?not?mean?that?ambush?marketing?practices?would?not?appear?during?the?Olympics.?However,?it?is?states?thatin?this?way,?the?spectators?would?not?be?confused?and?would?easily?recognize?anyambush?marketing?phenomenon.Olympics and Broadcasting”Dear Friends, we in the IOC have done …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relationship among the Olympic Movement rules and the state rules and the institutional balancing of each Olympic Organization S. 110-112

„… they?would?no?longer?exist?during?the?broadcasting?of?the?Games.217 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Community law and sport S. 149-152

„… S.,?Governance?of?Sport?:?National,?European?andInternational?Perspectives.?Sports?Law,?Cavendish,?London?2006.319 As?to?broadcasting …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic symbol protection and fight against ambush marketing S. 245-249

„… ords?only?in?the?course?of?publishing?or?broadcasting …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Union S. 137-141

„… ue?that?nowadays?the?explosion?of?the?TV?broadcastingrights …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233499

Álvaro Morcillo Laiz - Contentious Regions in the European Union: Nationalist Parties and the Coordination of European Policies in Federal Member States

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Álvaro Morcillo Laiz

Contentious Regions in the European Union: Nationalist Parties and the Coordination of European Policies in Federal Member States

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Politik

Volume 170 2009

Results in this title

Public Broadcasting and Film Promotion S. 84-92

„… policy dimension of regional public broadcasting.Interestingly, the regional collective lobbying effort …” „… aid forpublic broadcasters and the MEDIA programme.Public Broadcasting and Film PromotionAs a …” „… therespective central governments eventually adopted their concerns.Public Broadcasting and Competition …”

The Defence of Regional Minorities in the EP S. 103-112

„… Socialist coordinator for the committee and drafted a report in defence ofpublic broadcasting.In spite of …” „… thank.State Aid to Public BroadcastingThe EP has traditionally adopted steadfast resolutions on public TV …” „… the position of the EP regarding public broadcasting and the reform of theMEDIA programme enacted in …”

Majority versus Minority Cultures in the CoR S. 93-99

„… Unionand cultural autonomy.State Aid to Public BroadcastingIn contrast to their disputes over the Directive …” „… opinions to analyse theregion’s agenda on broadcasting and film. After examining the main characteristics …” „… Directive, public broadcasting, and MEDIA.The Television DirectiveMost European regions have backed the …”

Regional Agendas S. 71-78

„… : 81). Infact, the broadcasting powers assigned to the regional level in post-war Germany …” „… broadcasting authority. Apart fromexclusive legislative power to regulate both public and private broadcasters …” „… German corporations began to cooperate in the ARD. In 1961, an additional broadcasting corporation, ZDF …”

The Coordination of the Television Directive S. 78-84

„… Catalan, and rather than offering a quality public broadcasting service to theValencian population …” „… the regional media agencies.The rules regulating the broadcasting of major sporting events such as the …” „… the Directive their radicalrejection of any EU decision regulating the content of broadcasting, as the …”

Lobbying a Fragmented Commission S. 99-103

„… BroadcastingThe inclusion of the Protocol in the Amsterdam Treaty represented the most significantdevelopment on …” „… because they were perceived as both uncontroversial, at least as far as public broadcasting was concerned …” „… Directive, public broadcasting and MEDIA adopted by the differentCommissioners as well as the disagreements …”

European Audiovisual Policy and Regional Concerns S. 65-71

„… AmsterdamTreaty’s Protocol on Public Broadcasting Service, and the MEDIA programmes. Thefirst section provides the …” „… broadcasting monopolies and expansion of private television broadcasting, the boom of the audiovisual sector in …” „… television broadcasting, such as the mountingtrade deficit in audiovisual products with the United States …”

References S. 181-204

„… Proceedings on the Resolution on BroadcastingRights of Major Sport Events CdR 183/97 rev. Brussels, Committee …” „… Broadcasting andAudiovisual, 1982-1992." Journal of Common Market Studies 32(1): 89-102.Collins, Richard (1995 …” „… ). "Reflections Across the Atlantic: Contrasts and Complementarities inBroadcasting Policy and the European …”

Index S. 205-210

„… Service Broadcasting 27, 66, 67, 85–87, 91, 96, 97,101–103, 112, 160, 161public broadcasting– access to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-4

„… , broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of …”

Abbreviations S. 11-14

„… Broadcasting UnionEC European CommunityECJ European Court of JusticeECOFIN Council of the Economics and Finance …”

The Impact of the European Union on Regions S. 25-28

„… Frontiers Directive, the application of theAmsterdam Protocol on Public Service Broadcasting, and the MEDIA …”

Acknowledgements S. 5-10

„… Agendas 71The Coordination of the Television Directive 78Public Broadcasting and Film Promotion 84The …”

Research Design S. 48-53

„… ). However, the EU has extensive powers toregulate the broadcasting and film markets, which makes audiovisual …”

Conclusions S. 159-180

„… regarding the Broadcasting Protocol and thefailure of the Basque region to defend minority languages has …” „… television broadcasting, anactivity of the utmost importance for any language policy, and incidentally for …”

Regional Cases S. 53-64

„… extensive powers toregulate the broadcasting and film markets, which makes audiovisual policy the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845220932

Alexander Badenoch, Andreas Fickers, Christian Henrich-Franke - Airy Curtains in the European Ether

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Alexander Badenoch (ed.), Andreas Fickers (ed.), Christian Henrich-Franke (ed.)

Airy Curtains in the European Ether

Series: Historische Dimensionen Europäischer Integration

Volume 15 2013

Results in this title

Alexander Badenoch, Andreas Fickers, Christian Henrich-Franke Broadcasting and the Cold War: Some preliminary results S. 359-374

„… V. Conclusion 361 Broadcasting and the Cold War: Some preliminary …” „… volume have demonstrated the important role of broadcasting in shaping transnational European …” „… broadcasting spaces during the Cold War. Broadcasting was about far more than ideological competition across …”

Dana Mustata Geographies of Power: The case of foreign broadcasting in dictatorial Romania S. 149-174

„… 149 Geographies of Power: The case of foreign broadcasting in dictatorial Romania Dana …” „… Ceausescu exercised towards foreign broadcasting1 in Romania. Even though the Romanian regime in the 1980s …” „… Books, 1980), pp. 149. Geographies of Power:The case of foreign broadcasting in dictatorial Romania …”

Jennifer Spohrer Threat or Beacon? Recasting International Broadcasting in Europe after World War II S. 27-50

„… I. Regulation and Control of Broadcasting in Cold War Europe 29 …” „… Threat or Beacon? Recasting International Broadcasting in Europe after World War II Jennifer Spohrer …” „… Introduction Much of the historiography of international radio broadcasting focuses on Cold War political …”

Christoph Classen Jamming the RIAS. Technical Measures against Western broadcasting in East Germany (GDR) 1945–1989 S. 321-346

„… 321 Jamming the RIAS. Technical Measures against Western broadcasting in East Germany (GDR …” „… population to the respective political camps3. Radio broadcasting was initially of particular importance …” „… [Source: DRA Potsdam] Jamming the RIAS. Technical Measures against Western broadcasting in East Germany …”

Alexander Badenoch, Andreas Fickers, Christian Henrich-Franke Airy Curtains in the European Ether: Introduction S. 9-26

„… blocs was prevalent, but not without its challenges. When the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the …” „… two short examples among a number of complex and often contradictory ways in which broadcasting both …” „… waves cross borders as lightly as if they were made of air, but if we look more closely, broadcasting …”

Mari Pajala Intervision song contests and Finnish television between East and West' S. 215-270

„… existence of two separate broadcasting unions, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and the Organisation …” „… point of contact between them was the Finnish broadcasting company Yleisradio (YLE), the only European …” „… country, YLE provides an interesting viewpoint into Cold War broadcasting history. In this chapter I …”

Alexander Badenoch Between Rock and Roll and a Hard Place: ‘Pirate’ radio and the Problems of Territory in Cold War Europe S. 295-320

„… . Now, over half a century since the Danish Radio Mercur first began unlicensed commercial broadcasting …” „… broadcasting. How were ‘pirates’ defined in relation to the transnational regimes of broadcasting? What …” „… postwar broadcasting. In treating this period, historical accounts of offshore broadcasting, both …”

Andy O’Dwyer Interfering with Auntie. An Uncomfortable Reception – Jamming the BBC S. 347-358

„… maintain a broadcasting service. There was extensive use of foreign embassies and various offices of the …” „… Government existed as they liaised over broadcasting policy and dissemination. The Post Office was …” „… non-domestic broadcasting undertaken by the BBC. 1 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… [Hrsg.] Airy Curtains in the European Ether Broadcasting and the Cold War Nomos Schriftenreihe des …” „… Broadcasting and the Cold War Airy Curtains in the European Ether Nomos Alexander Badenoch | Andreas Fickers …” „… , re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and …”

Christian Henrich-Franke, Regina Immel Making Holes in the Iron Curtain? – The Television Programme Exchange across the Iron Curtain in the 1960s and 1970s S. 175-214

„… in East/West broadcasting. When television appeared as a leading mass media on both sides of the …” „… other side’, at least before the launch of direct broadcasting satellites in the 1980s. The ‘flow of …” „… information’ was controlled by government authorities, and television broadcasting did therefore not suffer …”

Nelson Ribeiro Undermining a Dictatorship: International Broadcasts to Portugal, 1945-1974 S. 51-76

„… the country. In order to explain the role that stations broadcasting from abroad had in both the …” „… African colonies where independence movements would materialize. Salazar’s Broadcasting Policy The …” „… smaller stations were forbidden from broadcasting news bulletins7 and all texts read in programs that …”

List of Acronyms (Organizations) S. 7-8

„… Rundfunkanstalten Deutschlands AT&T American Telephone & Telegraph BBC British Broadcasting Corporation CBS …” „… Columbia Broadcasting System CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee CFT French Television …” „… Recording Contest IBO International Broadcasting Organization List of Acronyms (Organizations) 8 IBU …”

Trever Hagen Calling Out to Tune in: Radio Free Europe in Czechoslovakia S. 123-148

„… broadcasting into the country, offering listeners a broad scope of programs, from news to music to plays. As …” „… : University Press, 1997). Nelson, Michael, War of the black heavens: the battles of Western broadcasting in …” „… history of American broadcasting in Europe, 1950-1989 (McFarland, 2009). Puddington, Arch. Broadcasting …”

Karin Bijsterveld Eavesdropping on Europe: The tape recorder and East-West relations among European recording amateurs in the Cold War era S. 99-122

„… primarily for themselves, but occasionally also for hospital, corporate or national broadcasting stations …” „… idea was that amateurs, while producing cheap radio content for broadcasting stations with limited …” „… both imitated and collaborated with official radio broadcasting and departed from it — by focussing on …”

James Schwoch “Removing Some of the Romantic Aura of Distance and Throwing Merciless Light on the Weaknesses of American Life”: Transatlantic Tensions of Telstar, 1961-1963 S. 271-294

„… 10 J. H. Felker, Assistant Chief Engineer, AT&T, “Satellite Relays and Broadcasting,” paper …” „… National Broadcasting Company (NBC) archival materials: 18 …” „… Fetter of the American Broadcasting Company (hereafter ABC), Fred Friendly of the Columbia Broadcasting …”

Andreas Fickers Cold War techno-diplomacy: Selling French Colour Television to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe S. 77-98

„… Broadcasting Union (EBU) had shown the validity and, barring some minor details, the equivalence of the three …” „… and broadcasting abroad.52 Furthermore, the promotional activities for the SECAM process had to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845236070

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