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Mikolaj Rogowski

Socialistic Brands

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 28 2017

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The socialistic brands dilemma S. 73-74

„… The socialistic brands dilemma As it has been shown in this thesis, the current legislation might …” „… socialistic brands. This is mainly due to the fact that trademark law was not designed having in mind its …” „… amend the guidelines for trademark examiners, by including the category of socialistic brands and other …”

A brand new nostalgia? Case examples touch-down. S. 75-76

„… A brand new nostalgia? Case examples touch-down. Let us briefly come back to the case studies in …” „… constitutes an instance in which registration of the trademark corresponding to a socialistic brand should be …” „… unjustifiable appropriation of a socialist brand. There is no succession in this case. Thus, trademark …”

Justification for the call for protection of socialistic brands from unfair appropriation S. 29-50

„… differential treatment of socialistic brands. The dominance of the so-called emotional branding in the …” „… Comrade-branded commodities from the times of socialism. After the fall of socialism all socialistic brand have …” „… Justification for the call for protection of socialistic brands from unfair appropriation …”

Definitions, the scope of the thesis and case studies of the socialist brands S. 17-28

„… characteristics and their branding. This consistency strengthened the position of these brands even further …” „… exports of non-Unitra branded products and real estate management. The audio equipment brand was …” „… Definitions, the scope of the thesis and case studies of the socialist brands Socialistic brands …”

Unjustifiable appropriation S. 51-72

„… appropriation of a socialistic brand will occur in instances in which an entity gains legally sanctioned …” „… with some socialistic brands. For example, specific succession issues were raised in the case of …” „… bicycle and motorcycle brand Romet115. These fields of law have not been harmonised within the EU, and in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… scope of the thesis and case studies of the socialist brands II. 17 Socialistic brandsA. 17 Geographical …” „… MIPLC Studies Socialistic Brands Mikołaj Rogowski A Unique Category of Vintage Brands 28 Nomos …” „… Rogowski Socialistic Brands A Unique Category of Vintage Brands Nomos BUT_Rogowski_3548-8.indd 3 24.02.17 …”

Conclusion S. 77-78

„… Conclusion Socialistic brands are a unique group of signs that have gained substantial ‘selling …” „… power’ through use in peculiar historical circumstances. Numerous instances of use of socialistic brands …” „… strong preference towards brands that are characterised by unique magnetism. Socialistic brands, due to …”

Introduction S. 15-16

„… Introduction This dissertation is dedicated to the subject of socialistic brands, a specific group …” „… of vintage brands which share certain unique characteristics. As the name of this group suggests …” „… , these brands were widely used within the territories of countries which belonged to the Eastern Bloc …”

List of Works Cited S. 79-86

„… Carolina Law Review 2, 471. Jennifer Davis “Between a Sign and a Brand”, L. Bently, Jennifer Davis & J.C …” „… . Ginsburg (eds) Trademarks and Brands (Cambridge 2008), 65. Kristofer Erickson, Paul Heald, Fabian Homberg …” „… . Matt Haig, “Brand Royalty: How the World's Top 100 Brands Thrive & Survive” (Kogan Page Publishers …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845278810

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Eva Riemann

Contextual Brand Valuation

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 15 2012

Results in this title

Strategic and Operative Brand Management and Brand Controlling S. 85-91

„… with brand value on a considerable scale induced by the mid-1980s brand-focussed corporate takeover …” „… ’ minds enables a successful long-term brand-consumer relationship and thereby positive cash flow …” „… the brand.224 This definition is not able to comprehend all items influencing the value of an IP right …”

Brand Transactions S. 91-96

„… brand-focussed divisions, their share in brandrelated profits needs to be calculated. This can be carried out by …” „… situations.257 In the course of corporate restructuring by means of brand-related M&A deals, which are often …” „… certainly true with respect to brand-focussed businesses and shall not belie the fact that patents may play …”

Brand Finance S. 96-99

„… quality of the branded goods or services. 2.3.2.2 Licencing In the last two decades, trade mark and brand …” „… know-how (which would often be deemed to be part of the brand) in order to assure a certain level of …” „… object, e.g. a brand, needs to be determined. Royalty rates are computed on the basis thereof. 266 The …”

Brand Protection S. 99-102

„… and brands. First IP-backed securitisations and collateralisations took place as early as in the 1990s …” „… only unfold their maximum benefit and potential in combination with the other brand elements as well as …” „… value of the respective company’s (acquired) brands can play an important role in this regard …”

Development of Brand Valuation S. 77-80

„… brand-focussed companies sparked this process. Many businesses sought to enlarge their brand portfolios for …” „… What is more, a strong brand may constitute an enabling platform for new products or services in …” „… the course of brand extensions, line extensions193 and other strategic options such as new …”

Relation to Brand Value S. 247-248

„… in order to maintain the mark.769 5.8.2 Findings – Relation to Brand Value Like registration, correct …” „… action against the mark. In this context, again, the negative side has stronger adverse effects on brand …” „… more than an enabler for brand value generation. 766 Marx, Deutsches,europäisches und internationales …”

Relation to Brand Value S. 246-247

„… Brand Value In analogy to registered trade marks, the value-related factor here is whether the …” „… order to maintain the mark.769 5.8.2 Findings – Relation to Brand Value Like registration, correct trade …” „… action against the mark. In this context, again, the negative side has stronger adverse effects on brand …”

Systematisation of Brand Valuation Methods S. 116-118

„… little as 37.2% of the surveyed brand-focussed companies had valued their brands (in a monetary and/or …” „… ). 344 Semion Brand-Broker GmbH; http://www.semion.com/ (last accessed March 14, 2007). 345 …” „… As highly complex as they are, brands demand in-depth and well-informed management. Since one can …”

Findings - Relation to Brand Value S. 259-260

„… or brand, the existence of the licence can be an impediment for the proprietor, as it does not …” „… or brand may get less in consideration than in case the trade mark or brand was not licenced. Whether …” „… , acquiring a non-exclusively licenced brand, appreciates this already existing income stream. This shows that …”

Findings - Relation to Brand Value S. 225-226

„… , accordingly, for the influence on brand value of this issue. Hence, existing graphical representability should …” „… enough to be a deal breaker.707 5.2.6 Findings – Relation to Brand Value In case any one of the absolute …” „… the respective brand needs to obtain and defend its market position without the strong means of trade …”

Findings - Relation to Brand Value S. 228-229

„… to whether there are certain classes which hint at an especially valuable trade mark or brand cannot …” „… – Relation to Brand Value Similar to the quantitative scope of protection, the general rule is that a trade …” „… goods and/or services marked with a brand or brands containing the trade mark in question. For instance …”

Findings - Relation to Brand Value S. 250-251

„… and the less cost needs to be subtracted from (potential) revenue streams derived from the brand the …” „… maintenance cost, of which prosecution and litigation cost is part. An economic study has found that “brand …” „… . von Graevenitz, Which Reputations Does a Brand Owner Need? Evidence from Trade Mark Opposition, pp. 3 …”

Findings - Relation to Brand Value S. 227-228

„… 11 services classes. 5.3.2 Findings – Relation to Brand Value In theory, a mark is more valuable the …” „… an especially valuable trade mark or brand cannot be made as this depends on the respective market …”

Definition and Origins of Brand Value S. 80-84

„… in business. Widespread takeover bids for and acquisitions of large brand-focussed companies sparked …” „… It was not until the late 1980s that brand valuation became a concept which was increasingly used …” „… this process. Many businesses sought to enlarge their brand portfolios for reasons such as cost savings …”

Important Brand Valuation Developments and Issues . S. 170-172

„… ness. This means that brands such as Mars, which is privately held, cannot be valued.537 Neither …” „… can young brands, since they usually do not bring about a positive EVA.538 All in all, even though the …” „… Interbrand brand valuation tool comprises noteworthy advantages, the list of drawbacks prevails. Especially …”

Wesensart von Marken und Brands S. 275-276

„… Charakteristika berücksichtigen, da gewerbliche Schutzrechte genauso wie Brands eine Untergruppe der …”

Findings - Relation to Brand Value S. 223-224

„… As with any other brand device, its use in branding and marketing, as frequent as it may be, must …” „… increasingly popular in branding in recent years, as companies seek new ways of product positioning and …” „… application of sounds in branding is not confined to advertisements but can also be found as mobile ringtones …”

Findings - Relation to Brand Value S. 245-246

„… distinctive character over time by means of its use in trade or commerce. 5.7.4 Relation to Brand Value In …”

The Term `Trade Mark' as Opposed to `Brand' S. 56-77

„… , manage and control this brand-intrinsic potential of successfully generating revenue and profit, the …” „… relating to marketdriven design of branded products and/or services.170 Brand achievements, therefore …” „… under one brand. Sony is a good example of such a so-called ‘branded house’ (as opposed to a ‘house of …”

Relation to Brand Value S. 239-240

Relation to Brand Value S. 244-245

Implications on Brand Value S. 254-255

Financial-Behavioural (Hybrid) Models S. 157-169

„… indicator model, ‘Semion Brand ➾valuation’ by Semion, ‘Brand Equity Frame’ (‘Brand-Equity- Modellrahmen’) by …” „… margin are assumed. Thirdly, Brand Steering System can be applied to determine brand-specific qualitative …” „… branded product or service. It is therefore an important complement of indicators relating to mere brand …”

Psychographic Models S. 150-157

„… a basis for increased attention to brand-related aspects on the management level.462 However, the …” „… approach is separation of brand-related income streams. A number of derivative methods have emerged in …” „… is mirrored in brand-connected knowledge structures within the target audience.464 As brand value …”

Financial Techniques S. 129-150

„… brand-specific earnings.413 The dependence on other assets for cash flow generation often makes the isolation of …” „… brand-specific cash inflows and cash outflows. Due to the fact that the brand proprietor may be in a stronger …” „… bargaining position both on the buy and the sell side than without the brand, brand-related savings with …”

Empirical Data on Distribution Rates: Surveys S. 118-126

„… Hybrid valuation models combine the two aforementioned methodical categories. Brand-related consumer …” „… , ‘BrandMonopolies’ by Konzept & Analyse, ACNielsen’s ‘Brand Balance Sheet’ and ‘Brand Character’ by Grey.363 ‘Brand …” „… Iceberg’, ‘BrandMonopolies’ and ‘Brand Character’ are psychographic tools whereas ‘Brand Balance Sheet’ is …”

General Issues and Trends S. 113-116

„… and an identity, part of which – the brand achievements – comprise signage elements which may be …” „… speak of trade marks, the implications of its practical application usually affect the brand as a whole …” „… , as it relates to freedom to operate the brand.336 Due to their nature as intangible assets, brands …”

Summary and Perspectives S. 263-270

„… distinctiveness of his marks and therefore their scope of protection. The impact on brand value would be …” „… “This Apple’s latest features . . . ”. Hence, the brand appraiser needs to assess whether the proprietor …” „… the respective brand(s). If applied consistently, the proprietor could save money in the long term by …”

Introduction S. 201-206

„… most industry branches in developed economies, companies have become increasingly brand-focussed.604 It …” „… legal side of brand-related freedom to operate. For instance, WIPO received the record number of 39,975 …” „… 4.3 Summary The Systematic Integrated Methodology, or SIM, is a business process oriented brand and …”

Introduction S. 127-129

„… an application rate of 77.8%. However, even though a number of providers of proprietary brand …” „… valuation tools are known to many brand experts and some such techniques have been newly developed, they …” „… have not gained market share compared to 1999.383 In the area of financial brand valuation tools, the …”

Findings S. 84-85

„… (future-related) valuation of a house and of a brand are both, in essence, estimates, the major difference being …” „… than the brand. This is due to the nontradable nature of brands and other intangible assets.221 There …” „… are no markets for trade marks or brands which show an acceptable degree of minimum transparency …”

Conclusions S. 169-170

„… like brand sympathy, which are needed for purposes of efficient brand management, are not sufficiently …” „… to operationalise the seven factors in the course of the brand strength analysis are not completely …” „… . While the Interbrand model attains the highest market share of all hybrid proprietary brand valuation …”

Contents S. 7-14

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 1.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 2 Brand Valuation …” „… Fundamentals 43 2.1 Nature of Trade Marks and Brands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.1.1 Intangible Assets …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2.1.2 The Term ‘Trade Mark’ as Opposed to ‘Brand’ . . . . 56 2.1.2.1 Trade Marks – Definition and …”

Objectives S. 21-25

„… advantages of which brands are core drivers. There are more and more products which are so similar that …” „… brands. For instance, consumers find petrol of comparable quality at most petrol stations. Hence, the …” „… major means of making the product unique and attractive to buyers is the brand. This shows why brands …”

Findings S. 126-127

„… – obtaining an overview of what kind of brand valuation methods were recently and are currently most widely …” „… carried out in 1999. The former deals with proprietary tools (with one exception, the Brand Essence …” „… determination of brand related profit or revenue and of acquisition costs of the relevant brand. Hybrid and …”

Bibliography S. 289-304

„… : Developing meaningful brands, http://www. brandchannel.com/papers\ review.asp?sp\ id=1291 (last viewed July 3 …” „… ) Manning-Schaffel, Vivian: Branding that Makes Scents, article of August 14, 2006 on brandchannel.com …” „… paper, http://www.brandchannel.com/images/papers/374 White Paper-BrandSensePartners.pdf (last viewed …”

Findings S. 77

„… What is more, a strong brand may constitute an enabling platform for new products or services in …” „… the course of brand extensions, line extensions193 and other strategic options such as new …” „… brand functions from a customer’s point of view. As set out above, the information a brand conveys and …”

Structure S. 25-27

„… successfully concern himself with the theory and practice of both brand and IP valuation. 1.1 Objectives and …” „… importance of the extremely complex art and science of brand valuation is increasingly being recognised …” „… aspects of brand valuation and exploitation. Keeping in mind this fact, which is reflected by the more …”

Licencing Agreements S. 255-258

„… well-known marks, transferred to the national German level. 5.12.4 Implications on Brand Value As shown above …” „… skill and investment, creating significant goodwill around the registered sign. Brand awareness is a …” „… basic prerequisite for the formation of brand image.803 Brand image, in turn, steers buyer behaviour804 …”

Trade Mark Surveillance and Genericide Prevention S. 260-262

„… this circumstance. Delimitation agreements can have a positive impact on brand value if they resolve …” „… help reduce cost, which would be a brand value detractor. 5.13.3 Findings – Relation to Brand Value A …” „… licencing agreement can be conducive or detrimental to brand value, depending on its content, mode of …”

Delimitation or Coexistence Agreements S. 258-259

„… brands and trade marks can be licence objects. It is up to the parties to each agreement to negotiate the …” „… the long term by transferring the brand image and its values on the licensee’s products or services …” „… number of types of licence agreements specific to the brand area such as brand and line extensions are …”

First Steps Towards a Possible Solution S. 172-174

„… shares. Hence, one of the main reasons why hybrid brand valuation tools have not yet been accepted more …” „… Outlook In the following, the most important brand valuation aspects, developments and trends derived from …” „… . 3.3.1 Important Brand Valuation Developments and Issues As seen above, business leaders have come to …”

The Law in General S. 248-250

„… .771 5.9.2 Relation to Brand Value A full owner is enabled to utilise and exploit the trade mark in any …” „… services as part of a brand, sale, licencing, securitisation, cancellation or other. A licensee’s rights …” „… and exploitation of the brand are prerequisites for and cornerstones of value generation, full trade …”

Distinguishing Reporting from Forecasting Valuations S. 27-29

„… valuation into the overall strategy of a company. With respect to brands, for example, this means that the …” „… effectiveness of marketing and brand management strategies can thus be controlled and managed.17 References as …” „… this book. The author hopes to give interested brand managers, investors and other strategic decision …”

Prismatic Evaluation S. 180-191

„… behind the curve. In analogy to this, technical brand aspects include questions pertaining to the branded …” „… In the course of a scenario involving two or more parties, each side assesses the respective brand or …” „… value of an asset in a forecasting context. The above definition of financial (brand) value567 can thus …”

Conceptual and Methodical Soundness S. 31-38

„… and situation. For example, a brand can be used as a marketing means in order to increase sales yet …” „… . In every situation, the brand creates a different degree of positive utility effects, be it increased …” „… definition of brand value, which shall not be anticipated at this point, can be found at 2.2.2.1. 31 …”

Summary and Conclusions S. 110-112

„… , especially in R 93, yet merely relate to inventions and copyrights. 109 2.3.6 Findings The fact that brands …” „… affect almost every section of a business is reflected in the many different reasons for brand valuation …” „… . Brand valuation is required, amongst others, in the course of strategic and operative brand management …”

Einführung in die Markenbewertung S. 276-277

„… berücksichtigen, da gewerbliche Schutzrechte genauso wie Brands eine Untergruppe der immateriellen Güter …” „… (beispielsweise Patente und Marken). 274 7.2.2 Wesensart von Marken und Brands Eine Marke ist das einzige von …” „… und das Image der Brand ausmachen und somit entscheidend sind für den Markterfolg. In Kombination mit …”

Überblick Über die momentane Markenbewertungslandschaft S. 277-278

„… 7.2.2 Wesensart von Marken und Brands Eine Marke ist das einzige von staatlicher Seite gewährte …” „… mit Marketing-Elementen, die zusammen mit der Marke die Identität und das Image der Brand ausmachen …” „… Marketinginstrument Brand. Daher ist eine Brand eine Marke (nur) insoweit, als sie durch das Markenrecht geschützt …”

Anlässe zur Markenbewertung S. 277

„… 7.2.2 Wesensart von Marken und Brands Eine Marke ist das einzige von staatlicher Seite gewährte …” „… mit Marketing-Elementen, die zusammen mit der Marke die Identität und das Image der Brand ausmachen …” „… Marketinginstrument Brand. Daher ist eine Brand eine Marke (nur) insoweit, als sie durch das Markenrecht geschützt …”

Well-Known Marks S. 241-243

„… brand-related freedom to operate but does not show how well the brand is in fact utilised to enhance its value …” „… renewal, Art. 46 CTMR. 5.6.3 Relation to Brand Value Proper trade mark registration is a “yes or no” issue …” „… freedom to operate for the corresponding brand is missing. The eBay example mentioned above at 5.6.1 …”

List of Figures S. 15-16

„… 5.6.2.3 Community Trade Mark Registration . . . . . 237 5.6.3 Relation to Brand Value …” „… Through Use . . . . . . . . . . 243 5.7.4 Relation to Brand Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 5.8.2 Findings – Relation to Brand Value . . . . . . . . . . . 245 5.9 Title …”

Summary S. 262

„… for brand building and development. For example, an exclusive licencing agreement regarding a …” „… with the licenced brand to fall behind the quality the licensor envisages or provided before he …” „… licenced out the brand, as product and/or service quality problems can substantially damage the value of …”

Intangible Assets and Intellectual Property S. 43-56

„… scrutinise both presently applied brand valuation techniques as well as the newly introduced Systematic …” „… comprehensive as possible. The significance of trade mark law aspects in brand value could thereby be assessed …” „… . 41 Chapter 2 Brand Valuation Fundamentals 2.1 Nature of Trade Marks and Brands In order to …”

Introductory Remarks S. 206-207

„… Later in the life of a brand – once it has attained a certain degree of market penetration and …” „… brand. Even if the trade mark protection as such ceased to exist, the device, i.e. the signage, and all …” „… other elements of a brand would still be in place.617 These elements would have developed a certain …”

Introductory Remarks S. 229-230

„… adequate can only be included in either of these dimensions. 5.4.2 Findings – Relation to Brand Value …” „… a brand or brands containing the trade mark in question. For instance, a point score 716 An …” „… (upon application and payment of a renewal fee). 5.5.2 Findings – Relation to Brand Value The …”

Accounting and Tax S. 102-110

„… many businesses’ brand protection strategy – not only since the packaging itself can be protected …” „… , legal means are also crucial elements of any brand protection strategy. These mainly include online and …” „… law-related elements of a brand protection strategy will be dealt with in more detail below at 5.13. In the …”

Non-Descriptiveness S. 217-219

„… help businesses find brand names which are satisfyingly distinctive – a task which becomes increasingly …” „… difficult nowadays since numbers of trade mark registrations and brands soar. In the case of Flickr, the …” „… , together with all other elements of a brand, it provides for risk reduction on both proprietors’ and …”

Manageable Output S. 39-40

„… minimum. Not surprisingly, a study has shown that it belongs to the three brand valuation requirements …” „… as the most important requirement for brand valuation methods, cf. Günther/Kriegbaum-Kling …” „… brand valuation methods but none of them is generally accepted.48 49 Reasons for this are both …”

Scarcity S. 29-30

„… patents, brands and other intangible assets. Hence, not only the content-related but also the quantitative …” „… , be illuminated and discussed on the basis of (trade marks and) brands. 1.2 Distinguishing Reporting …” „… purchase price of a brand is in most cases not identical to the value of the respective brand as laid down …”

Table of Abbreviations S. 17-20

„… List of Figures 2.1 Brand image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 2.2 …” „… Brand identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 3.1 Brand valuation methods …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 3.2 Brand Iceberg by Icon Added Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 3.3 The four modules of …”

International, European and National Registration Systems S. 230-239

„… payment of a renewal fee). 5.5.2 Findings – Relation to Brand Value The interrelation of the duration of …” „… trade mark protection and brand value could be particularly distinct with regard to payment of renewal …” „… renewal and brand value is not as direct as it is being discussed with respect to patent renewal and …”

Findings S. 40-41

„… a plethora of brand valuation methods but none of them is generally accepted.48 49 Reasons for this …” „… discovering brand equity consulting as a lucrative area of business and therefore offer their own proprietary …” „… types of brands and ideally all IP and in the course of all forecasting valuation situations …”

Conceptual and Methodical Soundness S. 192-197

„… brands in the industry, is desired. In the course of the very first valuation, the mean will have to …” „… , they were used as benchmarks for current brand valuation tools in chapter three. Hence, the SIM also …” „… of brands to be evaluated,587 no matter, for example, whether the underlying trade mark is registered …”

Trade Marks With a Reputation S. 251-254

„… confuse the conflicting signs). 5.11.2 Findings – Relation to Brand Value Existing likelihood of confusion …” „… the corresponding brand is still juvenile,788 this has desastrous consequences for the utility and …” „… therewith the value of the brand, as legal (trade mark) freedom to operate ceases to exist. Hence, risk of …”

System of Trade Mark Classification S. 224-225

„… approved of or not at all. The same must apply, accordingly, for the influence on brand value of this issue …” „… – Relation to Brand Value In case any one of the absolute grounds for refusal of trade mark protection …” „… acquired distinctiveness), with the implication that the respective brand needs to obtain and defend its …”

Utility and Title S. 30-31

„… in combination with IAS 38.65. 24 Furthermore, the purchase price of a brand is in most cases not …” „… identical to the value of the respective brand as laid down on the balance sheet. Cases may arise in which …” „… the balance sheet value is zero whereas the brand is sold for a considerable sum. Examples which show …”

Introductory Remarks S. 240-241

„… dual role with respect to trade mark and brand value. Firstly, within the overall branding strategy …” „… the filing date with the possibility of infinite renewal, Art. 46 CTMR. 5.6.3 Relation to Brand Value …” „… detractor since this crucial factor of securing legal freedom to operate for the corresponding brand is …”

Financial Income-Based Analysis S. 175-180

„… this work before attention has been turned to IP assets, particularly trade marks, and related brands …” „… tool. Furthermore, in the light of the definition of monetary (brand) value given in chapter two,554 …” „… elaborated in the preceding chapter, current brand valuation techniques do not fulfil these and other …”

Summary S. 199-200

„… in monetary terms, is applicable to all types of brands and intellectual property assets and in the …” „… SIM is applicable for all types of IP rights and brands. In addition, the Systematic Integrated …” „… Methodology, if applied consecutively, enables value comparison or tracking over time. For example, a brand’s …”

The Law S. 226-227

„… the degree of distinctiveness, the stronger the mark and the more positive the implication on brand …” „… value. In short, the more distinctive the sign, the more valuable the brand. However, it needs to be …” „… direct link to brand value but an indirect one. For example, should the registration of olfactory …”

Introductory Remarks S. 247

„… in order to maintain the mark.769 5.8.2 Findings – Relation to Brand Value Like registration, correct …” „… action against the mark. In this context, again, the negative side has stronger adverse effects on brand …” „… more than an enabler for brand value generation. 766 Marx, Deutsches,europäisches und internationales …”

Widespread Acceptance S. 38-39

„… . Expressing the value of a patent or a brand in an exact Euro and Cent amount is only possible in a reporting …” „… , a study has shown that it belongs to the three brand valuation requirements which are perceived to …” „… important requirement for brand valuation methods, cf. Günther/Kriegbaum-Kling, Schmalenbach Business …”

Graphical Representability S. 219-223

„… - 220 As with any other brand device, its use in branding and marketing, as frequent as it may be, must …” „… zero point score, as this score is reserved for deal breakers and a mature brand may well be able to …” „… – Canon, at no. 18. 674 Murphy, Brand Strategy, p. 130. 675 Above at 2.1.2.1.3. CFI, judgment of 27 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-4

„… Contextual Brand Valuation From Fundamental Issues and Analysis of the State of the Art to a Systematic …” „… Integrated Approach to Brand and Intellectual Property (E)Valuation Nomos BUT_Riemann_7637-8.indd 3 …”

Summary S. 41-42

„… found future orientation to be the fourth most important requirement to be met by a sound brand …” „… importantly, it could make a considerable contribution to building confidence in the quality of IP and brand …”

Abstract Distinctiveness S. 207-208

„… relatedness respectively) to brand value. Hence, the objectives of focussing on the examination of …” „… possible implications of certain trade mark law issues on brand value, thereby keeping the introduction of …”

Concrete Distinctiveness S. 208-217

„… trade mark and brand value. For this reason, it is not advisable to list this aspect as an issue in the …” „… businesses find brand names which are satisfyingly distinctive – a task which becomes increasingly difficult …” „… nowadays since numbers of trade mark registrations and brands soar. In the case of Flickr, the popular …”

Inhaberschaft und andere Rechtstitel S. 286

„… Marken und Brands keine immer zwingende Schlussfolgerung dar. 284 …”

Amts- und Gerichtsverfahren; Vergleich S. 286

„… Marken und Brands keine immer zwingende Schlussfolgerung dar. 284 …”

Beginning and Duration of Protection S. 228

„… to whether there are certain classes which hint at an especially valuable trade mark or brand cannot …”

Introductory Remarks S. 246

„… Brand Value In analogy to registered trade marks, the value-related factor here is whether the …”

Analyse gängiger Markenbewertungsmethoden S. 278-279

„… sich dieser Idealdefinition daher so gut wie möglich annähern. Bei Marken (im Sinne von Brand) und …”

Benutzung S. 285-286

„… Marken und Brands keine immer zwingende Schlussfolgerung dar. 284 …” „… herabsetzen oder zunichte machen kann. Was Düfte betrifft, kommt hinzu, dass diese im Rahmen des Branding …”

Verwechslungsgefahr und Markenschutz darüber hinaus S. 286-287

„… Marken und Brands keine immer zwingende Schlussfolgerung dar. 284 7.5.4 Entstehung des Markenschutzes …”

Vertragliche Einschränkungen S. 287-288

„… Wert der dazugehörigen Brand haben, da die rechtlich abgesteckte Handlungsfreiheit wegfällt. Daher …”

Findings S. 198-199

„… all types of brands and intellectual property assets and in the course of all forecasting valuations …”

Grundlagen der Wertbildung jedes Vermögensgegenstands S. 271-273

„… platforms and live auctions, mainly related to patents rather than brands.833 Such projects are commendable …”

Conclusions S. 191-192

„… an industry benchmark in case a comparison with other assets, for instance other brands in the …”

Geographischer und zeitlicher Schutzbereich S. 284-285

„… herabsetzen oder zunichte machen kann. Was Düfte betrifft, kommt hinzu, dass diese im Rahmen des Branding …”

Entstehung des Markenschutzes: registrierte und nicht registrierte Marken S. 285

„… herabsetzen oder zunichte machen kann. Was Düfte betrifft, kommt hinzu, dass diese im Rahmen des Branding …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845241890

Holger Mühlenkamp, Frank Schulz-Nieswandt, Markus Krajewski, Ludwig Theuvsen - Öffentliche Wirtschaft

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Holger Mühlenkamp (ed.), Frank Schulz-Nieswandt (ed.), Markus Krajewski (ed.), Ludwig Theuvsen (ed.)

Öffentliche Wirtschaft

2019

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Till Ackermann, Harald Albuschkat, Daniel Brand, Marcus Gersinske, Heike Höhnscheid, Steffen Kerth, Folkert Kiepe, Reiner Metz, Martin Schäfer, Meinhard Zistel VerkehrAckermann, Albuschkat, Brand, Gersinske, Höhnscheid, Kerth, Kiepe, Metz, Schäfer, Zistel S. 427-525

„… C. Sektorale Betrachtungen Verkehr Till Ackermann, Harald Albuschkat, Daniel Brand, Marcus …” „… Bereich der öffentlichen Wirtschaft. Ackermann, Albuschkat, Brand, Gersinske, Höhnscheid, Kerth, Kiepe …” „… , Albuschkat, Brand, Gersinske, Höhnscheid, Kerth, Kiepe, Metz, Schäfer, Zistel 432 (BMVI) hat die VIFG mit der …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-22

„… | Daniel Brand | Dietrich Dickertmann | Christoph Gebele | Marcus Gersinske | Dorothea Greiling | André …” „… ...................................................................................................... 429 Till Ackermann, Harald Albuschkat, Daniel Brand, Marcus Gersinske, Heike Höhnscheid, Steffen Kerth …” „… ...................................................................................................... 429 Till Ackermann, Harald Albuschkat, Daniel Brand, Marcus Gersinske, Heike Höhnscheid, Steffen Kerth …”

Autorenverzeichnis S. 736-738

„… Brand, Verband Deutscher Verkehrsunternehmen e.V., Köln, Fachbereich Technik-, Energie- und Umweltrecht …”

Ulrich Scheele, Robert Holländer Wasserwirtschaft im WandelUlrich Scheele und Robert Holländer S. 526-573

Markus Krajewski, Kathrin Kraus, Nicolas Sonder Rechtliche Grundlagen der öffentlichen WirtschaftMarkus Krajewski, Kathrin Kraus und Nicolas Sonder S. 203-267

„… Bekanntmachung der Kommission, ABl. der EU v. 27.4.2004, C 101/81. 39 EuGH 14.2.1978, Rs. 27/76 (United Brands …”

Dietrich Dickertmann, Hans Gerhard Strohe Messung und Umfang der öffentlichen WirtschaftDietrich Dickertmann und Hans Gerhard Strohe S. 55-191

Ulrich Kirchhoff Öffentliche KreditinstituteUlrich Kirchhoff S. 659-705

„… Nordrhein-Westfalen und Brandenburg. Damit werden rd. 40% aller deutschen Sparkassen als Verbundbank betreut. Parallel …”

Oliver Rottmann, André Grüttner, LWB Leipziger Wohnungs-, Baugesellschaft mbH Kommunale Wohnungswirtschaft S. 639-658

„… , aber auch in einzelnen Regionen Thüringens, Berlins und Brandenburgs (wenngleich auf niedrigerem Niveau …”

Wolfgang Köck Der Rechtsrahmen für Wasserversorgung- und Abwasserentsorgung in Deutschland Verfassungsrecht – Europarecht – Verwaltungsrecht – Organisation S. 574-602

„… speziellen Indirekteinleiterverordnungen (Baden-Württemberg, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hessen …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845280837

Sebastian Domsch - Kanadische Gegenwartsliteratur

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Sebastian Domsch (ed.)

Kanadische Gegenwartsliteratur

2020

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Dionne Brand S. 41-50

„… 41Brand Kirsten A. Sandrock Dionne Brand Dionne Brands schriftstellerische Werke sind untrennbar …” „… non-binären Personen weltweit. Brand schreibt Gedichte, Romane und Erzählungen genauso wie wissenschaftliche …” „… des postkolonialen Diskurses in Brands Werken wieder. So wird in ihren Romanen beispielsweise das …”

Biogramme S. 209-215

„… sie zwei Millionen Follower. Atwood lebt in Toronto, ist aber eine Vielreisende. Dionne Brand wurde …” „… Girls’ High School, bevor sie 1970 nach Kanada emigrierte. In Kanada studierte 210 Biogramme Brand …” „… Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE). Brand setzte sich umfassend für Menschenrechte ein und …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Titelfoto: © RBV Margaret Atwood, Dionne Brand, Douglas Coupland, Esi Edugyan, Sheila Heti, Thomas …” „… Kirsten A. Sandrock Dionne Brand 41 Jan Wiele Leonard Cohen 51 Alexander Greiffenstern Douglas Coupland 69 …”

Einführung S. 7-15

„… bereits Genannten gehört dazu auch Dionne Brand, die 1953 auf Trinidad und Tobago geboren wurde, und die …”

Esi Edugyan S. 86-96

„… Brandstifter verdächtigt werden, schlägt die Stimmung in offene Feindseligkeit um, Samuels Laden wird …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783967074086

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Leviathan

Browse Volumes: Leviathan

Leviathan Volume 49 (2021) Issue 2 ISSN Online: 1861-8588

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Ulrich Brand Ein kritisches Transformationsverständnis zur Überwindung der vagen Ansätze zu Nachhaltigkeit und Transformation Kommentar zu Karl-Werner Brand S. 215-223

„… DEBATTEN Ulrich Brand Ein kritisches Transformationsverständnis zur Überwindung der vagen Ansätze …” „… zu Nachhaltigkeit und Transformation Kommentar zu Karl-Werner Brand Karl-Werner Brand gibt in seinem …” „… . Brand unterscheidet seit Ende der 1990er Jahre drei sich herausbildende Diskussions- und …”

Karl-Werner Brand »Große Transformation« oder »Nachhaltige Nicht-Nachhaltigkeit«? Wider die Beliebigkeit sozialwissenschaftlicher Nachhaltigkeits- und Transformationstheorien S. 189-214

„… DEBATTEN Nachhaltigkeitsforschung in der Kritik Karl-Werner Brand »Große Transformation« oder …” „… Bau neuer Kanalisa- 1. 1 Vgl. Grober 2010; Radkau 2011; Seefried 2015. 190 Karl-Werner Brand …” „… »nachhaltiges Wachstum« zu ermöglichen. 4 Ebd., S. 41 (deutsch: Hauff 1987, S. 46). 192 Karl-Werner Brand Auf …”

Anna Henkel, Thomas Barth, Jens Köhrsen, Björn Wendt, Cristina Besio, Katharina Block, , Stefan Böschen, Sascha Dickel, Benjamin Görgen, Matthias Groß, Simone Rödder und, Thomas Pfister Intransparente Beliebigkeit oder produktive Vielfalt? Konturen einer Soziologie der Nachhaltigkeit. Kommentar zum Aufsatz von Karl-Werner Brand S. 224-230

„… Aufsatz von Karl-Werner Brand Lange Zeit schien es so, als würde die Definition des Brundtland-Berichts …” „… «,1 eine Art Grundkonsens des Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurses bilden. Auch Karl-Werner Brand votiert dafür …” „… , S. 46. 2 Vgl. Lele 1991. 3 Vgl. allein Buttel 1993; Brand 1997; Cohen et al. 2001. 4 Vgl. Henkel …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 153-154

„… ’ Klassenmodell n Karl-Werner Brand: »Große Transformation« oder »Nachhaltige Nicht-Nachhaltigkeit«? Wider die …” „… Ulrich Brand und Anna Henkel et al. n Albrecht Koschorke: Anpassung nach unten? Versuch über Vulgarität …” „… ............... 181 Nachhaltigkeitsforschung in der Kritik Karl-Werner Brand »Große Transformation« oder »Nachhaltige …”

Claudia Czingon Zu diesem Heft – Mittelklasse und Nachhaltigkeitsforschung in der Debatte S. 155-156

„… . Ausgangspunkt ist Karl-Werner Brands Kritik an diesem sehr heterogenen Forschungsfeld, mit der er die Absicht …” „… »konstruktivere, sachorientierte Transformationsdebatten zu ermöglichen«. Ulrich Brand denkt in seinem Kommentar …” „… zu K.-W. Brands Aufsatz noch einmal grundlegender über den in öffentlichen und wissenschaftlichen …”

doi.org/10.5771/0340-0425-2021-2

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