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Felix Beck - Self-Spreading Biotechnology and International Law

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Felix Beck

Self-Spreading Biotechnology and International Law

Series: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht

Volume 316 2022

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Chapter 3: The Regulation of Biotechnology in International Law S. 131-246

„… LawThis chapter analyses the international regulation of biotechnology and genetically modified organisms …” „… application of biotechnology. In particular, international trade law under the auspices of the World Trade …” „… biotechnology product causes a transmissible disease in humans, international health law becomes relevant (I …”

Chapter 4: Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Biotechnology Under Customary International Law S. 247-316

„… Chapter 4:Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Biotechnology Under Customary International LawThe …” „… , which Chapter 4: Prevention Under Customary International Law260In the context of biotechnology …” „… International Law276how to regulate the use of modern biotechnology.190 Therefore, a case of significant …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-44

„… BeckSelf-Spreading Biotechnology and International LawPrevention, Responsibility, and Liability in a Transboundary …” „… Abbreviations 27Introduction 35Self-Spreading Biotechnology Challenges International LawPart One:45The Emergence …” „… Biotechnology in International LawChapter 3: 131Prevention of Transboundary Harm from Biotechnology Under …”

Concluding Remarks S. 665-670

„… law significantly limits the liberty of states to deny imports of commercial biotechnology products …” „… all, the rules of international law on liability for damage caused by biotechnology in a transboundary …” „… distinct branches of the law, […] but they are all aspects of the broader problem of the role of law …”

Summary of Results S. 671-688

„… transboundary harm for which it is not responsible.13The Regulation of Biotechnology in International Law12. At …” „… humanitarian law also applies to recent advances in biotechnology, includ21 Chapter 3, section C.III.22 …” „… Biotechnology Under Customary International Law22. The general customary obligation of states to prevent …”

Bibliography S. 743-808

„… Consent: Law-Making Under Multilateral Environmental Agreements, 15 (2002) Leiden J. Int’l L. 1–52 Of …” „… Law/World Wildlife Fund, Gland et al. 1996)Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World …” „… Biotechnology Perspective (2016), available at: https://static.scientificamerican.com/wv/assets/2016 …”

Chapter 9: State Responsibility for Transboundary Harm Caused by Biotechnology S. 495-594

„… Harm Caused by BiotechnologyChapters 6 to 8 have analysed the rules of international law relating to …” „… relation to the development and use of biotechnology products and LMOs. However, case law from other areas …” „… Transboundary Harm Through Human Rights Law?A special form of attribution could also result from the interplay …”

Chapter 2: Concepts and Terms Relevant to Transboundary Harm Caused by Biotechnology S. 107-128

„… Comparative Law Review 453; Kershen (n. 12); Stuart J. Smyth/Drew L. Kershen, Agricultural Biotechnology, 6 …” „… Supplementary Protocol.36 Moreover, the Biodiversity Compact is a private law instrument by which biotechnology …” „… customary40 international law under which states must take steps to ensure that products of biotechnology do …”

Chapter 1: The Emergence of Self-Spreading Biotechnology S. 47-106

„… Part One:Self-Spreading Biotechnology Challenges International LawChapter 1:The Emergence of …” „… Scovazzi (eds.), Biotechnology and International Law (2006) 285.202 Lanphier et al. (n. 201), 410.B. Genome …” „… Self-Spreading BiotechnologyLegal practitioners and scholars alike often tend to break down the facts of a case …”

Chapter 7: A Private Liability Scheme: The ‘Biodiversity Compact’ S. 461-476

„… , legislators should be cautious about rashly incorporating the Compact’s language into domestic law.In …” „… policies than conventional instruments of international law such as treaties.2 Self-regulation may also …” „… International Environmental Law (4th ed. 2018), 789.4 The Compact: A Contractual Mechanism for Response in the …”

Table of Treaties and Instruments S. 721-742

„… , available at: https://oxcon.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:ocw/law-ocw-cd1087-H2011-1.regGroup.1/law-ocw-cd1087 …” „… of Free Association (14 January 1986), US Public Law No. 99–239, 99 Stat. 1770, as amended by Public …” „… Law 108–188 of 17 December 2003, 117 Stat. 2720 (effective 30 June 2004), available at …”

Chapter 11: Compensation for Environmental Damage in International Law S. 617-664

„… Chapter 11:Compensation for Environmental Damage in International LawThe preceding chapters have …” „… biotechnology in a transboundary context. A remaining question is whether damage to the environment is subject …” „… international law are challenged’.1 These challenges result, at least in part, from the fact that there is still …”

Chapter 10: Strict State Liability for Transboundary Harm? S. 595-616

„… transboundary harm, neither in general international law nor specifically in the context of modern biotechnology …” „… .21 However, such liability could be part of customary international law.It is generally accepted …” „… 2011.94Human Rights LawA recognition of strict state liability for transboundary harm could be seen in the …”

Chapter 5: The International Governance of Engineered Gene Drives S. 317-364

„… with Consent: Law-Making Under Multilateral Environmental Agreements, 15 (2002) Leiden J. Int’l L. 1 …” „… Engineered Gene Drives322COP Decisions as ‘Soft Law’Unlike some other multilateral environmental agreements …” „… International Law-Makers? Conferences of the Parties to Multilateral Environmental Agreements, 31 (2008) Mich …”

Chapter 6: The Nagoya – Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Redress and Liability S. 367-460

„… subject to an intentional (and lawful125) transboundary movement, Article 3(2) provides that the …” „… (LMOs) obtained through modern biotechnology. It complements the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety,3 …” „… Compensation, 6 (1997) RECIEL 293; Philippe Cullet, Liability and Redress for Modern Biotechnology, 15 (2006 …”

Chapter 8: A Customary Obligation to Ensure Prompt and Adequate Compensation for Transboundary Damage? S. 477-492

„… : Emerging Customary International Law?In its commentary, the ILC described the Allocation of Loss Principles …” „… shortcoming because its membership is limited to a few biotechnology corporations, it only applies to …” „… has been argued that there is a general obligation of states under customary international law to …”

Zusammenfassung in deutscher Sprache S. 689-712

„… Biotechnologie („self-spreading biotechnology“). Mit Gene Drives und ähnlichen molekularbiologischen Verfahren …” „… sog. weiches Völkerrecht („soft law“). Dies liegt auch daran, dass mit dem Beschluss nicht versucht …” „… werden, klare Bedingungen für ihren Einsatz in Gestalt von völkerrechtlichem soft law zu …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748913528

Niclas Kunczik - Geistiges Eigentum an genetischen Informationen

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Niclas Kunczik

Geistiges Eigentum an genetischen Informationen

Series: Schriftenreihe Recht, Ethik und Ökonomie der Biotechnologie

Volume 19 2007

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 245-265

„… (Hrsg.), Pharmaceutical Medicine, Biotechnology and European Law, Cambridge 2000, 157 ff. Blakeney …” „… Biotechnology´s Voyage Into the Twenty-First Century?, Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy Volume 10 …” „… : Intellectual Property Law and Biodiversity, EIPR 2003, 301 ff. Simon, Ilanah, The Biotechnology Directive: a …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 19-22

„… Journal of International Biotechnology Law (Zeitschrift) JIWLP Journal of International Wildlife Law and …” „… Regional Industrial Property Organization ASIL American Society of International Law AVR Archiv des …” „… Bundespatentgericht BSLR Bio-Science Law Review (Zeitschrift) BT-Drs. Bundestagsdrucksache BVerfG …”

Wirkungsweise eines sui-generis-Datenbankschutzes S. 224-225

„… Journal of Health Law 10 (2003), 27, 33; Lipton, EIPR 2003, 139, 141 ff.; Maurer/Hugenholtz/Onsrud …” „… Law, 268; Prieß/Berrisch/Pitschas, WTO-Handbuch, B. III. Rn. 21. 1229 Ellins, Copyright Law, 260 mwN …” „… Poetzsch, in: Rehm/Reed (Hrsg.), Biotechnology, 323 ff.; Reich, in: Raem (u.a. Hrsg.), Gen-Medizin, 93 ff …”

Würdigung/Lösungsvorschläge S. 115-116

„… Arbeit und Technik 1997, 286, 294; Straus, in: Rehm/Reed (Hrsg.), Biotechnology, 282, 295. Zu weiteren …” „… vertritt Indien; vgl. Sell, Private Power, Public Law, 145. 592 Callies/Meiser, JuS 2002, 426, 432 Fn. 82 …” „… ; Spranger, CML Rev. 39 (2002), 1147, 1155; Straus, in: Rehm/Reed (Hrsg.), Biotechnology, 282, 296. 593 EuGH …”

Bedeutung von „Gen-Datenbanken“ als Teil der Bioinformatik S. 225-226

„… Einsatzbereichen vgl. die Ausführungen von Poetzsch, in: Rehm/Reed (Hrsg.), Biotechnology, 323 ff.; Reich, in: Raem …” „… Poetzsch, in: Rehm/Reed (Hrsg.), Biotechnology, 323, 324; Saviotti/deLooze/Michelland/Catherine, Nat …” „… , 393, 413. 1242 Knoppers/Fecteau, European Journal of Health Law 10 (2003), 27, 33; Rimmer, IIC 2003 …”

Die Vorgaben der Biopatentrichtlinie zu Patentierungsvoraussetzungen und Schutzumfang für Patente auf genetische Informationen S. 142-156

„… ; vorsichtiger Gold/Gallochat, European Law Journal 2001, 331, 355. 772 Flammer, Biotechnologische Erfindungen …” „… Biotechnology, 247; Grund/Vossius, 3 BSLR (1998), 106, 106. 780 Vgl. Barton, Nat. Biotechnol. 18 (2000), 805 …” „… Grubb, Patents for Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology, 248. 786 Vgl. Grubb, Patents for …”

Regelungsgehalt der Art. 21 und 22 BMÜ S. 116-117

„… vertritt Indien; vgl. Sell, Private Power, Public Law, 145. 592 Callies/Meiser, JuS 2002, 426, 432 Fn. 82 …” „… ; Spranger, CML Rev. 39 (2002), 1147, 1155; Straus, in: Rehm/Reed (Hrsg.), Biotechnology, 282, 296. 593 EuGH …” „… . bei Barton, Ordre Public, 255 ff. 594 Siehe Sell, Private Power, Public Law, 146 ff.; Queiroz …”

Patentierungsausschlüsse für genetische Informationen im EPÜ – Art. 52, 53 lit. a) und lit. b) EPÜ S. 123-137

„… . Biotechnology Newswatch Vol. 10 (1990), 1; Taupitz, VersR 1990, 369 ff. 131 seien - so Moore´s Argumentation …” „… Ursprungs sei ein Objekt „sui generis“ und als solches dem „general law of personal property“ nicht …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845200170

Simon Fink - Forschungspolitik zwischen Innovation und Lebensschutz

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Simon Fink

Forschungspolitik zwischen Innovation und Lebensschutz

Series: Staatslehre und politische Verwaltung

Volume 12 2007

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 185-207

„… UK’s Cloning Laws: A View from the Antipodes.Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law, 9.Goggin …” „… take on Risks. In: Bauer, Martin W. und George Gaskell (Hrsg.) Biotechnology1996-2000. The Years of …” „… (Hrsg.) (2001): Biotechnology 1996-2000. The Years ofControversy, London, Science Museum.Bauer, Martin W …”

Eine große Variation der Embryonenforschungsgesetze — das empirische Rätsel S. 55-62

„… . 100 On the Use of Biotechnology in Human Medicine (The Biotechnology Law)amending Law No.79 of …” „… 71994 NOR Law No. 56 of 5.8.1994. On Medical Applications of Biotechnology j 71995 NEL 1995 Government …” „… sich die Geschwindigkeit der Gesetzgebung einfachermitteln. Eine binäre Variable LAW zeigt an, ob ein …”

Internationale Harmonisierung S. 170-173

„… in Sicht.„Regulation [. . . ] is currently gridlocked, and the future of the biotechnology industry …” „… thepresent volatility of the biotechnology governance domain will continue.“ (Salterund Jones, 2002: 24)Auch …” „… Artikel 18: „Where the law allows research on embryos in vitro, it shall ensure adequateprotection of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845205519

Maximilian Becker, Anne Lauber-Rönsberg, Louisa Specht - Medienrecht im Medienumbruch

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Maximilian Becker (ed.), Anne Lauber-Rönsberg (ed.), Louisa Specht (ed.)

Medienrecht im Medienumbruch

Series: Assistententagung Grüner Bereich

Volume 1 2017

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Iryna Lishchuk Gene Patents: From Personal Rights to Intellectual Property Rights S. 175-204

„… implications of patent law in the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering,” Brussels, 07.10.2002 COM …” „… Parliament and to the Council, “Development and implications of patent law in the field of biotechnology and …” „… the Council, Development and implications of patent law in the field of biotechnology and genetic …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276137

José Martinez - Jahrbuch des Agrarrechts

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José Martinez (ed.)

Jahrbuch des Agrarrechts

Series: Schriften zum Agrar-, Umwelt- und Verbraucherschutzrecht

Volume 68 2012

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Margaret Rosso Grossman Genetically Modified Crops and Their Products in the Unites States: A Review of the Regulatory System S. 69-96

„… Nature Biotechnology 473 (2011). Arkansas law limits punitive damages to $1 million, and the Arkansas …” „… biotechnology. These laws help to promote specific state interests that include “health and environmental …” „… opportunities from biotechnology, as w ell as concerns about the adequacy 12o f existing laws, regulations …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845242170

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