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Uwe Backes

Autocracies

Series: NomosTextbook

Volume 2024

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VII. Authoritarianism S. 69-84

„… AuthoritarianismSummary:Authoritarian regimes compensate for their lack of dynastic tradition with …” „… authoritarian and totalitarianVII. Authoritarianism70regimes as different subtypes of autocracy in his later …” „… Fritz W. Scharpf's model of legitimacy (2009: VII. Authoritarianism72173) – as an independent source of …”

Bibliography S. 149-182

„… , in: History and Anthropology, May, pp. 1–25.Bellin, Eva (2004): The Robustness of Authoritarianism in …” „… , Matthijs (2009): How to Classify Hybrid Regimes? Defective Democracy and Electoral Authoritarianism, in …” „… Politics 59, pp. 595–628.Brownlee, Jason (2007 a): Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization …”

X. System transformation S. 121-142

„… authoritarianism ("democracy regression", "demo-cratic recession", "democratic backsliding", "de-democratization …” „… first to speak of a change to "post-totalitarian" (Löwenthal 2009 a: 596) authoritarianism. In the …” „… the threshold from post-totalitarianism to authoritarianism.2. Forms of Transformation129The degree …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Structures of rule3. 67AuthoritarianismVII. 69Historical-terminological classification1. 69Legitimation of …” „… re-totalitarianization2.3 128Hybridization2.4 132Transitory authoritarianism and liberalization2.5 133Conclusion and …”

III. Autocracies in the theory of state forms S. 35-40

„… "author-itarianism") according to the type and characteristics of the ruling ideology, participation and (limited …” „… de-pluralization with a high degree of depoliticization.Linz's typology of authoritarianism combines system …”

I. Introduction S. 9-12

„… "despotism", "abso-lutism", "authoritarianism" and "ideocracy". The following two chapters, which deal with …”

Index of Subjects S. 183-187

„… transition, negotiated 133transitional authoritarianism 134, 135, 138, 140triangular dependency 126tsardom 62 …”

XI. Conclusion and Outlook: Autocracies in the 21st century S. 143-148

„… authoritarianism. We know today that this synthesis is even capable of at least giving the appearance of …”

IV. Analytical categories and typology S. 41-48

„… differentiation of autocracy types. The typological differen-tiation into despotism, absolutism, authoritarianism …”

IX. System stability S. 103-120

„… means only valid in "competitive authoritarianism", but also in ideocracies because parties capable of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748942672

Osvaldo Hurtado - Dictatorships in Twenty-First-Century Latin America

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Osvaldo Hurtado

Dictatorships in Twenty-First-Century Latin America

2022

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Part IV Perspectives on Authoritarianism S. 231-264

„… 231PART IVPerspectives on Authoritarianism233Chapter 19The International CommunityThe international …” „… freedoms, particularly freedom of expression, and persecuted those who criticized their authoritarianism …” „… International Community 235“no type of authoritarianism or totalitarianism deserves to be presented as a …”

Preface

„… st century. | Authoritarianism—Latin America—History—21st century. | Political culture—Latin …” „… 18: Free Elections 221PART IV: PERSPECTIVES ON AUTHORITARIANISM 231Chapter 19: The International …” „… present my reflections on the new forms of authoritarianism that were emerging in the region.Unlike in the …”

Part I New Forms of Dictatorship S. 1-102

„… democratic institutions and the repudiation of the reigning authoritarianism.Chávez increased the number of …” „… recur-rent Latin American authoritarianism, occurred at a time when, with only one 12 Chapter 2 exception …” „… different reasons, related to the authoritarianism in which caudillo governments tend to end up.Although …”

About the Author S. 293-294

„… , institutionalize democracy, defend rights and freedoms, and fight against military and civil authoritarianism.Since …”

Index S. 281-292

„… , 230nn3–5, 238; Alianza PAIS membership, 210, 224, 227, 229; authoritarianism and, 33, 36; Chávez and …” „… , 252; authoritarianism in, 29, 89, 250; caudillo rule, 22, 250; Violeta Chamorro presidency, 255, 256n3 …”

Part III Democratic Institutions in an Autocratic Regime S. 147-230

„… the institutionalization of presidential authoritarianism in the 2008 constitution were the measures …” „… authoritarianism. Judges and magistrates who heeded requests and complied with orders issued personally or through …” „… tyrannical authoritarianism experienced by other countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.The media were …”

Part II The Government of Rafael Correa S. 103-146

„… delivered to the National Congress upon taking office, he foreshadowed the authoritarianism with which he …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538171097

Michal Bobek, Adam Bodnar, Armin von Bogdandy, Pál Sonnevend - Transition 2.0

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Michal Bobek (ed.), Adam Bodnar (ed.), Armin von Bogdandy (ed.), Pál Sonnevend (ed.)

Transition 2.0

Series: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht

Volume 320 2023

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Authoritarianism, Judicial Independence and Democratic Transition S. 91-112

„… Authoritarianism, Judicial Independence and Democratic TransitionDiego García-SayánI. Introduction …” „… 91II. Major Global Threats to Judicial Independence 92III. A Growing Threat of Authoritarianism and …” „… the threats of the growing wave of authoritarianism and corruption. Special emphasis is put on Latin …”

Reversing Authoritarianism in the EU: Transformative Politics and the Role of Opposition S. 59-90

„… Reversing Authoritarianism in the EU: Transformative Politics and the Role of OppositionMaryhen …” „… constitutional and democratic order? Which strategies can opposition parties pursue to reverse authoritarianism …” „… .Reversing Authoritarianism in the EU61The second section looks more at the role of leadership, more …”

The Liberation of Illiberal Democracy: On Limits of Democratization after the Authoritarian Backlash S. 33-58

„… : illiberal democracy, authoritarianism, democratization, democratic constitutionalism, populism …” „… democracy based on the rule of law, human I.33rights and liberties. The opposites of authoritarianism and …” „… reforms dismantling authoritarianism and replacing it with democracy. Constitution-making and democratic …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Jiménez and Dario CastiglioneReversing Authoritarianism in the EU: Transformative Politics and the Role of …” „… Opposition 59Diego García-SayánAuthoritarianism, Judicial Independence and Democratic Transition 91Armin von …”

Court-Unpacking: A Preliminary Inquiry S. 323-360

„… Supreme Court.7I.2 Ergun Özbudun, ‘Turkey’s Judiciary and the Drift Toward Competitive Authoritarianism …” „… Authoritarianism in Turkey’, Third World Quarterly 37 (2016), 1581–1606; Ozan O. Varol, Lucia D. Pellegrina and …”

Centralized Judicial Review and the Problem of its ‘Over-Centralization’ S. 277-296

„… to authoritarianism.Constitutional courts in the region claimed exclusive authority to review the …”

Poland After Elections in 2023: Transition 2.0 in the Judiciary S. 299-322

„… , illiberalism, democratic backsliding, authoritarianism, judicial independence, courts, European Union …”

How to Return from a Hybrid Regime into a Constitutional Democracy? Hypothetical Constitutional Scenarios for Hungary and a Few Potential Lessons for Poland* S. 145-226

„… Authoritarianism Is Becoming More Formidable’, Survival (2017/5), 57–68.7 Or to put it differently, the elections …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748914938

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Javier Corrales

Autocracy Rising

2023

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6. Comparisons S. 121-150

„… , 1999–2013Backsliding (transition to semi- authoritarianism)Nicolás Maduro, 2013–present …” „… AutocratizationDaniel Ortega, 2006–2011Backsliding(transition to semi- authoritarianism)N/A(Ortega re- elected, 2011 …” „… - AuthoritarianismCases*Party VariablesState Capture Variables **Non- state VariablesAsymmetrical Party System …”

8. Conclusion S. 175-186

„… to full authoritarianism.Without necessarily denying the importance of other possible causes, this …” „… illiberal.On the Political Economy of Development and AuthoritarianismThis book also contributes to debates on …” „… - authoritarianism to full- fledged autocracy between 1999 and 2016. To aid in that transition, the regime was forced …”

1. Introduction S. 1-22

„… democratic institutionsSemi- authoritarianismCausal mechanism:Grants the executive branch the power to carry …” „… regimes descend into full- blown author-itarianism, the Ve ne zue lan case emerges as a puzzle worth …” „… dynamics after semi- authoritarianism.2 AUTOCRACY RISINGTo explain Ve ne zue la’s democratic backsliding …”

References S. 191-226

„… Authoritarianism in the Mid-dle East: Lessons from the Arab Spring.” Comparative Politics 44 (2): 127–49.Benítez, P …” „… .de la Torre, C. 2014. “The People, Democracy, and Authoritarianism in Rafael Correa’s Ecuador …” „… Authoritarianism: The Organization of the Military State and Its Effects on Federalism in Argentina and Brazil …”

Preface

„… AUTOCRACY RISINGAUTOCRACY RISINGHow Ve ne zue la Transitioned to AuthoritarianismJAVIER …” „… of Ve ne zue la’s transition to semi- authoritarianism in the 2000s, we could foresee that the regime …” „… managed to stay the course in its path toward deeper authoritarianism. By almost every measure used by …”

7. Function Fusion S. 151-174

„… is a form of pretense. Recent scholarship on the new forms of authoritarianism often makes the point …” „… other cases of regime transition from semi- authoritarianism discussed in the previous chapter faced …” „… culmination of authoritarianism into a “stationary bandit.” In Olson’s analysis, autocracy takes two forms …”

5. Rising Autocracy S. 97-120

„… transition from semi to full authoritarian-ism in the 2010s. This outcome was not preordained. As shown in …” „… Linz’s (1975) idea that authori-tarianism survives when it offers “limited pluralism.” When they face …” „… semi- authoritarianism. …”

2. Rethinking Democratic Backsliding S. 23-46

„… early stages of backsliding, when the regime is transitioning from democracy to semi- authoritarianism …” „… - authoritarianism depends precisely on these variations.Finally, this chapter emphasized two variables that were …”

3. The Worst Economic Crisis outside of War S. 47-72

„… Central de Venezuela, BCV). Authoritarianism: Yes = Scoring an average below 3.0 in V- Dem’s Liberal …” „… from the Central Bank of Venezuela (Banco Central de Venezuela, BCV). Authoritarianism: Yes = Scoring …”

Index S. 227-242

„… aggrandizement and, 39–41; regime comparisons, 133–134, 134f; semi-authoritarianism and, 135–137; variations in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815738084

Narain D. Batra - The First Freedoms and America's Culture of Innovation

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Narain D. Batra

The First Freedoms and America's Culture of Innovation

2013

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6 China’s Authoritarianism Challenges American Democratic Exceptionalism S. 139-164

„… Chapter SixChina’s Authoritarianism ChallengesAmerican Democratic ExceptionalismTHE ROAR OF THE …” „… 2012, making it the second largest economy today. For the past threeChina’s Authoritarianism Challenges …” „… thousandscientists, engineers, and technologists. Instead of paying the salaries of sci-China’s Authoritarianism …”

Conclusion: Free Speech as Energy S. 187-194

„… Europeanmind from the doctrine of infallibility and medieval papal authoritarianism,and it enabled Europeans to …” „… speech can lead only to one-party authoritarianism of the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and modern Chi-na …”

Preface

„… Do You Call When Nothing Works? 1356 China’s Authoritarianism Challenges American …”

Introduction: The Making of the Aspirational Society S. 1-12

„… America andinvestors.China’s market-oriented authoritarianism challenges American democrat-ic …”

Index S. 219-234

„… Cognitive science, 113authoritarianism, 9; phenomenal Cognitive Surplus, 84economic growth, 192; Politburo …”

5 Free Press and Marketplace Fundamentalism S. 119-138

„… authoritarianism, noton internal checks and balances. In contrast, the U.S. political system isbased on a healthy …”

Notes S. 195-218

„… , http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/9368430/Libor-scandal-How-I-manipulated-the-bank-borrowing-rate.html.6. CHINA’S AUTHORITARIANISM …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442225886

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