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Franz Marhold, Ulrich Becker, Eberhard Eichenhofer, Gerhard Igl, Giulio Prosperetti - Arbeits- und Sozialrecht für Europa

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Franz Marhold (ed.), Ulrich Becker (ed.), Eberhard Eichenhofer (ed.), Gerhard Igl (ed.), Giulio Prosperetti (ed.)

Arbeits- und Sozialrecht für Europa

2020

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Raffaello Santagata de Castro Workplace Bullying in Italy. Malicious Intent and Role of Anti-discrimination Law S. 287-306

„… Workplace Bullying in Italy. Malicious Intent and Role of Anti-discrimination Law Raffaello …” „… . Workplace Bullying in Italy. Malicious Intent and Role of Anti-discrimination Law 289 unlawfully injures or …” „… noted that these requirements could be better fulfilled by using remedies in anti-discrimination law …”

Antonio Ojeda-Avilés Religious freedom versus company freedom: adjustment techniques S. 229-250

„… anti-discrimination rules; the trend companies and the ministerial exception, and others, have been gradually …” „… Law of Restoration of Religious Freedom that allows exemptions to federal laws for sincere religious …” „… tive Bargaining under Federaland State Labor Laws: Freedom from and Freedom for”, Villanova Law Review …”

Stefano Giubboni Il diritto sociale europeo alla ricerca dell’autonomia perduta S. 495-516

„… European Court of Justice and the Development of the European Social Model in Anti-Discrimination and …” „… profonde e complesse e s’intreccia con la complessiva «shift in location of labour law from the classic …” „… dell’Europa sociale (Kilpatrick 2018). Quando venne eletto a strumento generale d’integrazione via soft law …”

Massimiliano Delfino The ‘puzzle’ of workers’ mobility in Italy S. 31-46

„… constitution of a further obligatory relation with a third party. 1. * Full Professor of Labour law, University …” „… reference is to Law Decree n° 317/1987 confirmed and amended by Law 398/1987, according to which national …” „… . 593/2008 of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I), thus derogating to the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748909231

Victoria Asaba Chege - Multidimensional Discrimination in EU Law: Sex, Race and Ethnicity

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Victoria Asaba Chege

Multidimensional Discrimination in EU Law: Sex, Race and Ethnicity

Series: Arbeits- und Sozialrecht

Volume 118 2011

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Redressing the social context through anti-discrimination law S. 335-338

„… 335II. Redressing the social context through anti-discrimination law Structural intersectionality …” „… – structural intersectionality at the interface of anti-discrimination law and other policies – The European …” „… it ‘denotes that nondiscrimination law is meant to change society and to overcome discrimination in …”

Beyond equality law – structural intersectionality at the interface of anti-discrimination law and other policies – The European Employment Strategy (EES) S. 338-347

„… – structural intersectionality at the interface of anti-discrimination law and other policies – The European …” „… anti-discrimination policies, for example in the form of legal proceedings combating school segregation and the …” „… . It argues that shortcomings inherent in the present anti-discrimination framework restrict the …”

Legislative framework S. 231-250

„… anti-discrimination law statutes on the grounds of sex include the Equal Pay Act of 1970 (EqPA),1 and the Sex …” „… , ‘Anti-Discrimination Law in Britain’, in B. Rudolf and M. Mahlmann (eds), Gleichbehandlungsrecht, 1 ed., Baden-Baden …” „… , Cases and Materials; Malik, ‘Anti-Discrimination Law in Britain’, in Rudolf and Mahlmann (eds …”

Literature S. 377-412

„… anti-discrimination law’ in A Morris and T O´Donell (eds) Feminist Perspectives on Employment Law, London: Cavendish …” „… . Bamforth, N., ‘Conceptions of anti-discrimination law’, OJLS, 2004, vol. 4, 693-716. 386Barnard, C. and …” „… Anti-discrimination Law in Europe. The 25 Member States compared, Belgium: Migration Policy Group, September 2005 …”

Racial or ethnic origin S. 142-150

„… , ‘Anti-Discrimination law in Britain’, in B. Rudolf and M. Mahlmann (eds), Gleichbehandlungsrecht, 1 ed., Baden-Baden …” „… , at 321-326; M. Bell, Anti-Discrimination Law and the European Union, Oxford: OUP, 2004; D. Chalmers …” „… discrimination on the basis that they constituted an ethnic group. See M. Malik, ‘Anti-Discrimination law in …”

Addressing inconsistencies S. 317-326

„… behaviour. Moreover, that the sex 145 See Report prepared by Bell et al, Developing Anti-discrimination law …” „… examination of the background to the Race Directive in M. Bell, Anti-Discrimination Law and the European Union …” „… , Anti-discrimination Law, pp. 32-53; S. Prechal, ‘Equality of treatment, non-discrimination and social policy …”

Enforcement S. 205-217

„… Commission, ibid; also Bell et al, Developing Anti-Discrimination Law in Europe (2006), p. 88 f. 177 See § 25 …” „… Non-Discrimination-Annual Report 2006, p. 27. 182 Bell et al, Developing Anti-Discrimination Law in Europe (2006), p. 89 …” „… anti-discrimination legislation’, Eur J Migrat Law, 2003, vol. 5, 249-257; Tobler, Remedies and Sanctions in EU …”

Concept of discrimination S. 156-164

„… , 2002, p. 92 ff. 142 E. Ellis, EU Anti-Discrimination Law, 1 ed., Oxford: OUP, 2005, p. 103 ff.; J …” „… Ltd [1981] ECR 767. For a discussion see Ellis, EU Anti-Discrimination Law, p. 90. 147 Bell, ‘Direct …” „… Non-Discrimination Law, p. 236 ff.; Ellis, EU Anti-Discrimination Law, p. 103 f.; M. Miné, ‘Les concepts des …”

The inconsistent levels of protection S. 189-205

„… prepared by M. Bell, I. Chopin, F. Palmer, Developing Anti-Discrimination Law in Europe. The 25 Member …” „… M. Bell, Anti-Discrimination Law and the European Union, Oxford: OUP, 2004, p. 77 and p. 83; ENAR …” „… ’, p. 6-7. 114 Bell, Anti-Discrimination Law and the European Union, p. 83. 115 ENAR, Commission …”

Research question S. 23-26

„… critique of anti-discrimination law doctrine, feminist theory, and anti-racist politics’, University of …” „… principle allowing multiple-consciousness in anti-discrimination law?’, in D. Schiek and V. Chege (eds …” „… ), European Union Non-Discrimination Law. Comparative Perspectives on Multidimensional Equality Law, UK …”

Peculiarities of EU equality law S. 217-220

„… outside Employment, p. 12; Bell, Extending EU Anti-Discrimination Law, p. 15; FRA, Annual Report 2008, p …” „… . 344 f.; Ellis, EU Anti-Discrimination Law, p. 217 and p. 218. 266 Case 129/79 Macarthys [1980] ECR …” „… ; Barnard, EC Employment Law, p. 344 f.; Ellis, EU Anti-Discrimination Law, p. 217 f. 268 See also Burrows …”

Legislative framework S. 256-270

„… see Monaghan, Equality Law; Malik, ‘Anti-discrimination law in Britain’, in Rudolf and Mahlmann (ed …” „… implementation of Anti-discrimination legislation’, Eur J Migrat Law, 2003, vol. 5, 249-257, p. 253. 239 A. Marsh …” „… study of the multidimensional discrimination in the UK,196 and case law reveal that UK courts are not …”

Legislative framework S. 276-279

„… UK anti-discrimination law at the moment contains no explicit prohibition on multidimensionality and …” „… inconsistencies and incoherence in the working of the UK anti-discrimination laws have in the past led to …” „… ineffectiveness and have opened anti-discrimination to various criticisms, which in turn called for review of the …”

Interim assessment S. 155-156

„… Anti-Discrimination Law, 1 ed., Oxford: OUP, 2005, p. 103 ff.; J. Bowers QC and E. Moran, ‘Justification in direct sex …” „… Anti-Discrimination Law, p. 90. 147 Bell, ‘Direct discrimination’, in Schiek et al, Cases, Materials and Text on …” „… National, Supranational and International Non-Discrimination Law, p. 236 ff.; Ellis, EU Anti-Discrimination …”

Introducing a provision on multidimensionality S. 293-317

„… discrimination and EU law’, European Anti-Discrimination Law Review, October 2005, issue no. 2, 13-18, p. 17; O.M …” „… – the Canadian perspective’, European Anti-Discrimination Law Review, 2008, no. 6/7, 23-31, p. 27. 21 …” „… . Palmer, Developing Anti-discrimination Law in Europe. The 25 Member States Compared, Migration Policy …”

Table of Contents S. 9-16

„… equality in EU anti-discrimination law 182 a. Formal equality and substantive equality 182 b. Conceptions …” „… . Redressing the social context through anti-discrimination law 335 1. Indirect discrimination 335 2. Positive …” „… anti-discrimination law and other policies – The European Employment Strategy (EES) 338 1. Any impact? 340 2 …”

Background S. 43-45

„… critique of the single-ground or single-issue approach, that anti-discrimination law and other human rights …” „… antidiscrimination law doctrine, feminist theory, and anti-racist politics’, University of Chicago Legal Forum 1989 …” „… discussion of the concepts of equality see the works of S. Fredman, Discrimination Law, Oxford: OUP, 2002, p …”

Conceptual structure S. 182-189

„… of equality in EU anti-discrimination law a. Formal equality and substantive equality Various …” „… concepts of equality have been attributed to anti-discrimination law.17 There is the formal concept of …” „… in 15 C. McCrudden, ‘Thinking about the discrimination directives‘, European Anti-Discrimination Law …”

Provisions on multidimensionality S. 179-182

„… of equality in EU anti-discrimination law a. Formal equality and substantive equality Various …” „… concepts of equality have been attributed to anti-discrimination law.17 There is the formal concept of …” „… in 15 C. McCrudden, ‘Thinking about the discrimination directives‘, European Anti-Discrimination Law …”

Methodology S. 32-34

„… ) Basic Law. 75 Anti-discrimination Act (Antidiskriminierungsgesetz (ADG)) of 16.12.2004, BT-Drs 15/4538 …” „… Discrimination. 80 Ibid. 81 Also N. Bamforth, ‘Conceptions of anti-discrimination law’, OJLS, 2004, vol. 4 …” „… non-discrimination and most notably, EU equality law, cannot be limited to a particular field.81 Apart from …”

Conclusion and final theses S. 349-376

„… , Extending EU Anti-Discrimination Law: Report of an ENAR Ad Hoc Expert Group on Anti-Discrimination Law …” „… /MediaArchive;e/pdf/Extending%20EU%20Anti-Discrimination%2 0Law%20final.pdf> (accessed 20 May 2010). 9 Proposal for a Council …” „… discrimination. See further M. Malik, ‘Anti-Discrimination law in Britain’, in B. Rudolf, M. Mahlmann (eds …”

Canada S. 76-85

„… . Vizkelety, ‘Discrimination law – the Canadian perspective’, European Anti-Discrimination Law Review, 2008 …” „… Rights Act. Duclos’295 investigation mentioned above finds that Canadian anti-discrimination law to a …” „… protected from multidimensional discrimination by three main anti-discrimination provisions in Canada. These …”

Intersectionality revisited S. 53-61

„… effectively address discrimination, law needs to be embedded into the social reality. Studies from the USA …” „… 53the Danish Institute for Human Rights, and overlapping discrimination seem to be variations of …” „… the additive approach, in which the time factor and source of discrimination play a role, this work …”

Approach of UK Courts S. 250-256

„… Courts As seen in the previous chapter, UK anti-discrimination law has contained several prohibited …” „… Non-Discrimination Law, 73-89; Britton, ‘Developing UK legislation; K. Monaghan, ‘Anti-discrimination legislation …” „… decided against by the need to keep ‘the essentially comparative nature of British discrimination law …”

Final remarks S. 229-230

„… Anti-Discrimination Legislation, Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2000. 356 Bell, Extending EU Anti-Discrimination Law, p. 6 …” „… relevance to EU equality law, since multidimensional discrimination has been acknowledged by the legislator …” „… for singleground discrimination law. This in particular refers to the conceptual framework (concep …”

Religion or belief, disability, age, sexual orientation S. 150-155

„… This of course has ramifications for EU anti-discrimination law, which has been said to be an element …” „… , Anti-Discrimination Law and the European Union, p. 32. 129 Recital 3 Council Directive 2000/78/EC. 130 Resolution on …” „… The proposal reciprocates the above-mentioned reference to multiple discrimination.108 2. Soft law …”

Identifying the socio-context S. 333-335

„… address this context; (iii) identifying relevant policies beyond anti-discrimination law and integrating …” „… anti-discrimination law Structural intersectionality as such does not explicitly feature in EU equality law. Inherent …” „… 333B. Addressing structural intersectional discrimination in EU equality law Structural …”

Methods S. 34-36

„… Discrimination. 80 Ibid. 81 Also N. Bamforth, ‘Conceptions of anti-discrimination law’, OJLS, 2004, vol. 4 …” „… non-discrimination and most notably, EU equality law, cannot be limited to a particular field.81 Apart from …” „… , Discrimination and Anti-Discrimination of the 15 Member States of the European Union, Luxembourg: OOPEC, October …”

Reasons for disadvantage: Beyond discrimination S. 131-133

„… equally relevant when addressing intersectional discrimination in EU equality law. This observation might …” „… employment and occupation [2000] OJ L303/16. 310 Monaghan, ‘Anti-discrimination Legislation’, para. 17. 311 …” „… Council Directive 2000/43/EC. See also Monaghan, ‘Anti-discrimination legislation,’ para. 17. 312 § 1 of …”

Concluding remarks S. 347-348

„… integration into the labour market include anti-discrimination policies, for example in the form of legal …” „… anti-discrimination framework restrict the ability of EU equality to fully impact on the socio-economic context of …” „… different rates. The strategies make mention of combating discrimination, but they however entail no …”

Reasons for restricted approach S. 279-291

„… Anti-Discrimination Laws Abroad – With Special Reference to Germany, St. Gallen, 2003, p. 53. 341 Burk, ibid; G-A …” „… example Burk, The Influence of U.S Anti-Discrimination Laws Abroad, p. 53 and p. 54. 354 Ibid. 355 Khanum …” „… the existing law is more fit for the first generation racial and sexual discrimination, which was more …”

Material scope S. 164-166

„… Law, p. 344 f.; Ellis, EU Anti-Discrimination Law, p. 217 and p. 218. In coming to this conclusion …” „… 2006/54/EC. For a discussion, see Ellis, EU Anti-Discrimination Law, p. 165 and p. 216 ff.; Barnard, EC …” „… accommodation as a concept of discrimination,221 the proposal to extend the grounds covered in this Directive …”

Assessment of conceptual structure S. 51-53

„… Chege (eds), European Union Discrimination Law, p. 32. 65 Case C-320/00 Lawrence and Others v. Regent …” „… intersectional discrimination prevail more in EU secondary and soft law equality instruments, though they remain …” „… EU Equality law capable of addressing multiple and intersectional discrimination yet?,’ in Schiek and …”

Growth of grounds and multidimensionality S. 26-28

„… , ‘Double trouble. Multiple discrimination and EU Law’, European Anti-discrimination Law Review, October …” „… 2005, no 2, 13-18; R. Nielsen, ‘EU law and multiple discrimination’, CBS Law Studies WP 2006-01, i.e. p …” „… . Nielsen, ‘Is EU Equality law capable of addressing multiple and intersectional discrimination yet …”

Possible reasons for the lack of attention S. 226-228

„… See for example Bell, Anti Discrimination Law and the European Union, p. 33; C. Hoskyns, Integrating …” „… successfully claim protection from discrimination under Community law, since sexual orientation was not a …” „… on National, Supranational and International Non-Discrimination Law, Chapter 2 (185-322), pp. 257 ff …”

Multidimensionality and the principle of equality and non discrimination S. 28-31

„… Evolution of EU Law. 42 M. Bell, Anti-Discrimination Law and the European Union, Oxford: OUP, 2004, p. 39 …” „… EU law? II. Multidimensionality and the principle of equality and non discrimination The above …” „… Community law’.39 In addition to the above, the principle of equality and non-discrimination underpins the …”

The United Kingdom S. 113-121

„… : Lessons for anti-discrimination law’, in A Morris and T O´Donell (eds), Feminist Perspectives on …” „… women, although at level 2, Bangladeshi women suffer less pay discrimination as compared to their male …” „… and that full-time employment might be induced by discrimination instead. To this extent, Black women …”

Personal scope S. 164

„… Law, p. 344 f.; Ellis, EU Anti-Discrimination Law, p. 217 and p. 218. In coming to this conclusion …” „… accommodation as a concept of discrimination,221 the proposal to extend the grounds covered in this Directive …” „… beyond the labour market explicitly treats the denial of reasonable accommodation as discrimination.222 …”

Exceptions S. 170-176

„… For practical implications see Bell, Extending EU Anti-Discrimination Law, p. 14. 1742. Genuine …” „… treatment Directive (2002/73)’, p. 363. 266 Tobler, Remedies and Sanctions in EU Non-Discrimination Law, p …” „… Directive 2000/78/EC. 280 I.e. Fredman, Discrimination Law, p. 124 f.; M. De Vos, Beyond Formal Equality …”

The concepts and conceptions in equality law S. 326-333

„… relevant conceptual framework for multidimensional discrimination, EU equality law needs to also reflect on …” „… suffered 187 C. McCrudden, ‘Thinking about the discrimination directives‘, European Anti-Discrimination …” „… Equality (2) Bux [2005] ET/2504529/03. 195 See for instance Moon, ‘Multiple discrimination’, p. 15. 196 Law …”

Sex S. 136-142

„… secondary Community law has existed in the field of sex equality and non-discrimination.23 From a …” „… intersectional cases’, in D. Schiek and V. Chege (eds), European Union Discrimination Law: Comparative …” „… and multiple discrimination’, CBS Law Studies WP 2006-01. Online. Available at

USA S. 61-76

„… anti-discrimination law is still being criticised for failing to adequately address discrimination suffered due to the …” „… social reality of different groups. This is relevant, because to effectively address discrimination, law …” „… VII plaintiff. Exponential discrimination against African-American males’, Nebr Law Rev, 2008, vol. 86 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845227825

Charl Hugo, Thomas M.J. Möllers - Legality and Limitation of Powers

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Charl Hugo (ed.), Thomas M.J. Möllers (ed.)

Legality and Limitation of Powers

Series: Augsburger Rechtsstudien

Volume 88 2019

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Martina Benecke Discrimination in Working Life and Anti-Discrimination Law – Experiments and Experiences in Germany and Europe S. 99-118

„… 99 Discrimination in Working Life and Anti-Discrimination Law – Experiments and Experiences in …” „… Article 8 of the law dated 3 April Discrimination in Working Life and Anti-Discrimination Law 101 which …” „… Eastern Europe, the society seems to be more reluctant concerning anti-discrimination law, see Barbara …”

Radley Henrico Beyond Mere Rules and Regulatory Frameworks: A Reply to M. Benecke, “Discrimination in Working Life and Anti-Discrimination Law – Experiments and Experiences in Germany and Europe” S. 119-134

„… Working Life and Anti-Discrimination Law – Experiments and Experiences in Germany and Europe” Radley …” „… grounds upon which certain acts will constitute unfair discrimination translates into certainty in law …” „… unfair discrimination and the consequences that will result from an infraction of the law. The …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Anti-Discrimination Law – Experiments and Experiences in Germany and Europe 99 Radley Henrico Beyond Mere Rules and …” „… Regulatory Frameworks: A Reply to M. Benecke, “Discrimination in Working Life and Anti-Discrimination Law …” „… – Experiments and Experiences in Germany and Europe” 119 Thomas M.J. Möllers / Isabella Brosig Law-Enforcement …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845291635

Charl Hugo, Thomas M. J. Möllers - Legal Certainty and Fundamental Rights

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Charl Hugo (ed.), Thomas M. J. Möllers (ed.)

Legal Certainty and Fundamental Rights

Series: Augsburger Rechtsstudien

Volume 89 2020

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Martina Benecke Comment: Discrimination in Working Life and Anti-Discrimination Law – Experiments and Experiences in Germany and Europe S. 335-352

„… under anti-discrimination laws, one must differentiate between employment law legislation and …” „… Anti-Discrimination Law 351 Joanna N. Lahey, “International Comparison of Age Discrimination Laws”, 32 Research on …” „… Comment: Discrimination in Working Life and Anti- Discrimination Law – Experiments and Experiences …”

Kathleen van der Linde, Juanitta Calitz Equality, Legal Certainty and Insolvency S. 353-382

„… anti-discrimination and inclusion has been too limited to introduce the structural legal changes also required by …” „… Court’s tendency to focus on anti-discrimination and inclusion has been too limited to introduce the …” „… explained by the anti-discrimination focus of litigation before the Constitutional Court, often asserting …”

Charl Hugo, Thomas M. J. Möllers Introduction S. 11-18

„… the abuse of anti-discrimination laws. In the penultimate contribution, “Equality, Legal Certainty and …” „… collaboration between the law faculties of the University of Johannesburg and the Universität Augsburg. More on …” „… publication, Transnational Impacts on Law: Perspectives from South Africa and Germany (2017), in which we …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Anti-Discrimination Law – Experiments and Experiences in Germany and Europe 335 Martina Benecke Equality, Legal …” „… Law Nomos Augsburger Rechtsstudien Herausgegeben im Auftrag der Juristischen Fakultät der …” „… German and South African Law Nomos BUT_Hugo_6521-8_HC.indd 3 15.12.20 09:35 The Deutsche …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748906063

Markus Krajewski, Matthias Reuß, Tarik Tabbara - Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen des Rechts

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Markus Krajewski (ed.), Matthias Reuß (ed.), Tarik Tabbara (ed.)

Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen des Rechts

2015

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Gerard C. Rowe Basics of Antidiscrimination Law — An Essay on Some Structural and Analytic Elements S. 332-356

„… discrimination has occurred. As is virtually any field of law, the lawyer’s task in anti-discrimination law is …” „… Introduction Anti-discrimination law has become a settled part of the legal systems of at least most Western …” „… can scarcely be embodied in formal law. The purpose of this essay is to reduce anti-discrimination law …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845264035

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