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David F. Schmitz

Brent Scowcroft

2011

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Ch02. Constructing a Post–Vietnam War Foreign Policy S. 29-62

„… American foreign policy. Finally, given that he was not elected to be president or vice president but was …” „… War, the nature of American foreign policy, and the direction of the na-tion’s relations with the …” „… to reassess American foreign policy and the nation’s role in the world, and called for the United …”

Introduction: Internationalism and Post–Vietnam War Foreign Policy S. 1-6

„… moments in American foreign policy: the Viet-nam War and the end of the Cold War. Both brought forth sharp …” „… debates about what direction American foreign policy should take. The Vietnam War shattered the post–World …” „… War II consensus on containment. Ques-tions were raised about the nature of American foreign policy …”

Ch06. Elder Statesman S. 171-202

„… about the direction American foreign policy would take under President Bill Clinton. His greatest …” „… the direction of American foreign policy led him to publicly oppose the Bush administration’s policies …” „… , Tony Smith published an overview of American for-eign policy from President William McKinley to the …”

Bibliographic Essay S. 203-208

„… triumphalist under-standing of recent American foreign policy.Douglas Little, American Orientalism: The United …” „… American Foreign Policy (New York: Basic Books, 2008) is also valuable. In addition, see Scowcroft’s …” „… Present (New York: Norton, 2007) are excellent accounts of American foreign policy and the Middle East and …”

Preface

„… POLICYJoseph A. Fry, University of Nevada, Las VegasSeries EditorThe Biographies in American Foreign Policy …” „… , and Power in U.S. Foreign PolicyThomas W. Zeiler, Dean Rusk: Defending the American Mission …” „… against WarJeff Woods, Richard B. Russell: Southern Nationalism and American Foreign PolicyRussell D …”

Ch01. Accidental Policy Maker S. 7-28

„… the central paradox for American foreign policy, according to Scowcroft, was to reconcile the position …” „… communism had to be the basis of American foreign policy. Policy makers agreed that the Soviet Union was an …” „… which Scowcroft subscribed, held in Washington and guided American foreign policy. The main tenets of …”

Ch03. Internationalism Under Fire S. 63-90

„… World, and his apparent direction in American foreign policy. At the same time, he had been on the …” „… of American foreign policy represented a rejection by a significant part of the Republican Party of …” „… humane purposes. We can also have a foreign policy that the American people both support and, for a …”

Ch04. Internationalism Triumphant: The Fall of the Berlin Wall and the End of the Cold War S. 91-136

„… under the prudent leadership of Bush and Scowcroft guided American foreign policy making at this …” „… of Europe was driving American policy.Still, Scowcroft saw a need for caution. Although the …” „… understanding of foreign policy, and that he understood the world better than any other president. The two men …”

Ch05. The Gulf War and the New World Order S. 137-170

„… context of American foreign policy, and that diplomacy and economic sanctions, while necessary steps …” „… changed but still dangerous world.60Two strategic objectives should guide American foreign policy. First …” „… speech on foreign policy, Scowcroft convinced Bush that Iraq’s conquest of Kuwait was a major crisis and …”

Index S. 209-214

„… foreign policy, 32–42, 72, 79–80; and Gulf War, 150–51, 155–56containment generation, 15, 27containment …” „… , 163–67, 171–73; and foreign policy, 176–80, 182, 189–90, 195–96, 198Nicaragua, 68, 72, 78, 87–88North …” „… foreign policy, 70–88; and Iran-Contra, 81–86; and Lebanon, 82; and Panama Canal treaties, 65; and Reagan …”

About the Author S. 215-216

„… U.S. Foreign Policymaking.About the Author10_617_Schmitz.book.indb 215 1/5/11 12:55 PM10_617 …” „… . Christopher Jespersen, Architects of the American Century: Individuals and Institutions in Twentieth-Century …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780742570429

Andrew S. Natsios, Andrew H. Card, Jr. - Transforming Our World

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Andrew S. Natsios (ed.), Andrew H. Card, Jr. (ed.)

Transforming Our World

2021

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Introduction S. 1-10

„… international order to another. It is a collection of essays by the practitioners of foreign policy recruited …” „… (with one excep-tion) by George H. W. Bush to manage the foreign policy apparatus of the U.S. government …” „… written on their subjects before. Some of those chosen by Bush to carry out his foreign policy have since …”

2 The Compassionate Realist S. 17-30

„… capitalism. He rejected the isolationism that had characterized American foreign policy in the run-up to …” „… intellectual challenge before the Bush administra-tion. For forty years, American foreign policy had revolved …” „… of opportunity) or had signifi-cant foreign policy failures.Few of the thus far forty-five American …”

1 Ten Foreign Policy Maxims of a Great President S. 11-16

„… of the American people. Absent such support, a president can Ten Foreign Policy Maxims of a Great …” „… 111Ten Foreign Policy Maxims of a Great PresidentJames A. Baker IIIWhen George H. W. Bush was sworn …” „… one came into the Oval Office better prepared for such complex foreign policy challenges than …”

About the Contributors S. 263-268

„… published several books on presidential history and American foreign policy, including Germany Unified and …” „… author or editor of fourteen books on U.S. foreign About the Contributors 265policy or international …” „… George H. W. Bush. During his tenure at the State Department, Baker traveled to ninety foreign countries …”

5 The End of the Cold War and German Reunification S. 57-80

„… internal and not mar the conduct of American foreign policy. Scowcroft had served most recently as a member …” „… German Reunification 77for American foreign policy in Europe should be the fate of the Federal Republic …” „… the Western Alliance” because the Soviet policy was “to diminish American influence, if not to expel …”

7 President George H. W. Bush’s China Policy S. 89-100

„… with all presidents, Reagan’s time was his most precious asset, and foreign policy aides had to …” „… undertook a review of foreign policy generally and reshuffled the staff serving under them. The Asia …” „… assistance Beijing gave for the American policy in the Persian Gulf “will not be forgotten and the meaning of …”

4 The Remaking of National Security Council Staff S. 41-56

„… , there was some good news: as far as anyone could tell, foreign policy had played no role in the results …” „… new administration. He and Scowcroft agreed that the president’s foreign policy program would stay …” „… private advice he would need from his top foreign policy aide. Having served as deputy national security …”

15 Somalia Revisited S. 203-220

„… are perceptually linked and this linkage residually shapes American foreign policy to this day. Second …” „… the first place? What were the implications for U.S. foreign policy in 1992, and are there any lessons …” „… U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA) engaged a number of Somali and Somali-American academics and …”

10 Constructing the Alliance to Liberate Kuwait S. 137-0

„… are demonstrated throughout his foreign policy. Some of the key decision points in this realm include …” „… political foreign policy coalition that led to the Madrid Conference which, for the first time ever, brought …” „… substantively very gratifying. His extensive experience in foreign policy as am-bassador to China and the United …”

8 “This Will Not Stand” S. 101-120

„… the finest foreign policy presidents in American history. He was informed and instinctive; experienced …” „… especially the case in the field of foreign policy, which was a particular, even unique, strength of the new …” „… , even as these historic events unfolded, there was a broad-scale foreign policy review process being …”

3 The Accidental Diplomat S. 31-40

„… execution of American foreign policy.A former White House chief of staff, Cheney was wise in the business of …” „… 313The Accidental DiplomatStaffing Foreign PolicyChase UntermeyerGeorge Herbert Walker Bush was the …” „… ap-proach to foreign policy and the people he chose to run it. He acquired not only a worldview but also an …”

9 George H. W. Bush S. 121-136

„… relationship with Saddam. He was an integral part of the foreign policy/security establishment and someone I …” „… intend to make the Middle East the centerpiece of his foreign policy when he became president in 1989. As …” „… Israel was emotional. This was not Bush. He was not a sentimentalist when it came to foreign policy. He …”

Preface

„… American foreign policy / edited by Andrew S. Natsios and Andrew H. Card Jr. Other titles: Transforming …” „… Transforming Our World Transforming Our World President George H. W. Bush and American Foreign …” „… collection of foreign policy practitioners– career and political–who participated in the unfolding of …”

Index S. 245-262

„… American policy approach of, 61; Cheney relationship with, 39, 71, 109; chief strategists for, 64; CSCE …” „… programs role and approach of, 68–70; foreign policy approach of, 19, 61, 63–66, 70; on formal policy …” „… . Agency for International Developmentforeign policy, U.S. See specific topicsForeign Service officers …”

6 President George H. W. Bush S. 81-88

„… was celebrated by the West and the East as the beginning of a far-reaching policy of détente. Due to …” „… most determined supporters of the policy of détente between East and West.In response to the Soviet …” „… the Soviet Union did not dismantle their missiles, NATO would deploy American intermediate-range …”

14 President George H. W. Bush and the Exercise of U.S. Power for Human Rights and Humanitarian Purposes S. 183-202

„… purpose, leadership, innovation, and results. While much of the focus of his foreign policy concerned …” „… mid-April, the president started unveiling his foreign policy with a major speech in Hamtramck, Michigan, by …” „… intelligence or foreign policy actions against us.”3 Though Hamtramck was mainly about Eastern Europe and a …”

17 The Morning After S. 235-244

„… 23517The Morning AfterJean BeckerDespite all his foreign policy successes as president—and a …” „… out of the way and out of the business of the sitting president and not have his own foreign policy …” „… the best career for-eign service officers, city managers, policy experts, nonprofit leaders, and more …”

16 “To Make Kinder the Face of the Nation and Gentler the Face of the World” S. 221-234

„… , https://www.csmonitor.com/1992/1216/16092.html.20. Natsios, U.S. Foreign Policy, 49.21. Marilyn Quayle, “South Africa’s …” „… measures, signed a Clean Air Act, played a leadership role in the development of the Americans for …” „… stated as a policy, “The United States should urge nations to provide military units for possible …”

12 President George H. W. Bush’s Historic Contributions to Open Trade S. 159-166

„… U.S. policy was to encourage command economic systems to adopt more market principles and to agree to …” „… of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). He had a long-term vision of free trade from the …” „… intention to seek a North American Free Trade Agreement, and on that date President Bush officially advised …”

13 President George H. W. Bush and the United Nations S. 167-182

„… only be effective in U.S. foreign policy interests if we are prepared to convince its members, and …” „… by a helpful deputy; Secretary Baker was in Russia, then working closely with Foreign Minister …” „… assist—the “dream team” of any American ambassador in New York.Our strategy was to use the Security Council …”

11 Saving the Kurds S. 143-158

„… . Andrew Natsios, U.S. Foreign Policy and the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (Washing-ton, DC: Center for …” „… Natsios, director of USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), to ask when the DART was …” „… consis-tent in strategy, public messaging, and policy. Sometimes Deputy Secretary of State Larry Eagleburger …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538143452

Gregory D. Cleva - John F. Kennedy's 1957 Algeria Speech

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Gregory D. Cleva

John F. Kennedy's 1957 Algeria Speech

2022

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The Need to Change American Foreign Policy toward North Africa S. 213-232

doi.org/10.5771/9781666901313

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Peter Rudolf

Imperiale Illusionen

Series: Internationale Politik und Sicherheit

Volume 61 2007

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Literatur S. 197-219

„… War“, in: Eugene R. Wittkopf/James M. McCormick (Hg.), The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy …” „… , (September/ Oktober 2004) 144, S. 22–28 --- „9/11 and the Past and Future of American Foreign Policy“, in …” „… American Foreign Policy: Insights and Evidence, 4. Auflage, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004, S …”

Die Bewahrung amerikanischer Suprematie S. 37-47

„… ; siehe Charles Krauthammer, Democratic Realism: An American Foreign Policy for a Unipolar World …” „… American Foreign Policy“, in: International Affairs, 79 (2003) 5, S. 1045–1063; ders., „Bush’s Foreign …” „… : Neocons“, in: Foreign Policy, (Januar/Februar 2004) 140, S. 20–28. 6 Zu den Ideen der Neokonservativen …”

Strategische Unabhängigkeit und instrumenteller Multilateralismus S. 47-54

„… International Peace Conference: „After September 11: American Foreign Policy and the Multilateral Agenda …” „… . Condoleezza Rice, „A Balance of Power That Favors Freedom“, in: U.S. Foreign Policy Agenda, 7 (Dezember 2002 …” „… , S. 22–34. 35 Richard N. Haass, Defining U.S. Foreign Policy in a Post-Post-Cold War World, Remarks …”

Amerika als Imperium oder amerikanische Hegemonie? S. 183-188

„… States Foreign Policy and the Language of Empire, Stanford: Stanford Institute for International Studies …” „… , American Style, 1890–1916“, in: Gordon Martel (Hg.), American Foreign Relations Reconsidered, 1890–1993 …” „… politischer Kontrolle: „Control of both foreign and domestic policy characterizes empire, control of only …”

Die Förderung von Freiheit und Demokratie S. 65-79

„… , . 110 Siehe Under Secretary of State Paula J. Dobriansky, „The Core of U.S. Foreign Policy“, in …” „… Siehe Maria Ottaway/Thomas Carothers, „Think Again: Middle East Democracy“, in: Foreign Policy …” „… Not Democratization per se], Philadelphia: Foreign Policy Research Institute [FPRI], 11 [Mai 2003] 2 …”

Grundlegende Interessen und die regionale Rolle der USA S. 82-90

„… . 148–196. 17 Steve A. Yetiv, Crude Awakenings: Global Oil Security and American Foreign Policy, Ithaca …” „… U.S. Foreign Policy“, in: Political Science Quarterly, 109 (Winter 1994/95) 5, S. 811–841. 11 Siehe …” „… and Foreign Policy, Boulder, CO/San Francisco/ Oxford, 1993, S. 185–204. 12 Siehe dazu am Beispiel …”

Bushs Hegemonialismus in der Krise S. 188-191

„… dieser Erfahrung siehe William B. Quandt, „The Electoral Cycle and the Conduct of American Foreign Policy …” „… “, in: Eugene Wittkopf/James M. McCormick (Hg.), The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy …” „… - 24 Siehe G. John Ikenberry, „Illusions of Empire: Defining the New American Order“, in: Foreign …”

Der „Krieg gegen den Terror“ als Deutungsrahmen S. 13-21

„… of Bush’s Pre-9/11 Foreign Policy, Washington: Center for American Progress, 3.5.2005. Daalders These …” „… .), The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy: Insights and Evidence, 4. Auflage, Lanham, MD: Rowman …” „… ; Robert M. Entman, Projections of Power: Framing News, Public Opinion, and U.S. Foreign Policy …”

Bushs imperiale Kriegspräsidentschaft S. 21-36

„… . Wittkopf/James M. McCormick (Hg.), The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy: Insights and Evidence, Lanham …” „… gegenübersehen, nannten im Sommer 2004 41% der Wähler „War/Foreign Policy/Terrorism“. Das bedeutete eine Rückkehr …” „… Foreign Policy: Insights and Evidence, 4. Auflage, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004, S. 97–115 (99f …”

Einleitung S. 7-12

„… . 5 „Remarks by National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice on Terrorism and Foreign Policy“, Paul H …” „… über den Stand der Forschung in der Außenpolitikanalyse siehe etwa Valerie M. Hudson, „Foreign Policy …” „… Analysis: Actor-Specific Theory and the Ground of International Relations“, in: Foreign Policy Analysis, 1 …”

Imperiale Überdehnung und neuer „Isolationismus? S. 191-194

„… ., „Isolationism“, in: Alexander DeConde (Hg.), Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy. Studies of the Principal …” „… It Last?“, in: Eugene R. Wittkopf/James M. McCormick (Hg.), The Domestic Sources of American Foreign …” „… Cost of Empire“, in: The American Conservative, 3.10.2003. 36 Timothy Garton Ash, „Stagger On, Weary …”

Der Irakfrage im außenpolitischen Diskurs S. 90-95

„… , „Next Stop, Iraq“, Remarks, 30.11.2001, Foreign Policy Research Institute. Ähnlich entwickelt wurde der …” „… , „Cheney Is Fulcrum of Foreign Policy“, in: WP, 13.10.2003, S. A01. Der Text ist zugänglich unter American troops in the region …”

Der lange Schatten der Vergangenheit S. 118-126

„… : Robert J. Lieber (Hg.), Eagle Rules? Foreign Policy and American Primacy in the Twenty-First Century …” „… fear of Iran’s revolutionary Islamic ideology.“ (Edward G. Shirley, „The Iran Policy Trap“, in: Foreign …” „… Richard L. Armitage, Deputy Secretary of State, U.S. Policy and Iran, Testimony before the Foreign …”

Ideologie und Inkompetenz S. 108-113

„… Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy: Insights and Evidence, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999 …” „… made any number of foreign policy errors, particularly over Iraq.“ (Francis Fukuyama, „America’s Next …” „… security of the American people would be enormous. Our withdrawal from Iraq would allow the terrorists to …”

Kontinuitäten und Konstanten S. 79-81

„… Center, Foreign Policy Attitudes [wie Fn. 59], S. 25 und S. 21. 154 So Mann, Rise of the Vulcans [wie Fn …” „… . 9], S. 362ff. 155 So Moisés Naím, „Casualties of War“, in: Foreign Policy, (September/Oktober 2004 …” „… „crusaders“ stammt von John G. Stoessinger, Crusaders and Pragmatists: Movers of Modern American Foreign …”

Konfrontative Eindämmung S. 133-142

„… regime and its terrorist proxies have demonstrated their willingness to kill Americans, and now the …” „… gegründete Iran-Syria Policy and Operations Group zuständig, die geleitet wird von James Jeffrey, Principal …” „… Political Affairs, Testimony before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, 6.3.2007,

Rückbesinnung auf die Grundlagen liberaler Hegemonie? S. 194-196

„… : Eugene R. Wittkopf/James M. McCormick (Hg.), The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy: Insights …” „… , dem Progressive Policy Institute und dem Center for American Progress. Siehe etwa Ronald Asmus u.a …” „… vor allem vom libertären Cato-Institute und in den Spalten der Zeitschrift The American Conservative …”

Die Bush-Administration auf dem Weg in den Krieg S. 95-102

„… Siehe Robin Wright, „Bush’s Foreign Policy Team Is Split on How to Handle Hussein“, in: Los Angeles …” „… , 23.3.2003. 56 Zur Entwicklung der Irakpolitik siehe Kenneth I. Juster, „Iraq: An American Perspective“, in …” „… Washington Times, 18.1.2001. 59 Siehe Ben Barber, „Powell Defends Sanctions Policy“, in: The Washington …”

Abkürzungen S. 219

„… Großbritannien, Frankreich, Deutschland FPRI Foreign Policy Research Institute (Philadelphia) G 7 Gruppe der …” „… 219 6.2 Abkürzungen ABC Atomar, Biologisch, Chemisch AIPAC The American Israel Public Affairs …” „… Organization NSC National Security Council NYT The New York Times PIPA Program on International Policy …”

Offensive präventive Selbstverteidigung S. 54-65

„… International Criminal Court“, in: Patrick/Forman, Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy [wie Fn. 39], S …” „… gerechtfertigt; siehe The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, Foreign Policy Attitudes Now Driven …” „… (in gekürzter Version unter dem Titel „An Unnecessary War“ in: Foreign Policy, [Januar/Februar 2003 …”

Innenpolitische Erwartungen und Kalküle S. 148-151

„… Foreign Policy Matters“, in: CQ Weekly, 13.7.2003, S. 1893. 265 Siehe Jane Lampman, „New Scrutiny of Role …” „… einer zwischen dem 14. und 18. Mai 2003 durchgeführten Umfrage: Program on International Policy …” „… Attitudes (PIPA) Knowledge Networks, Americans on the Middle East Road Map, 30.5.2003, zugänglich über …”

Die „road map“ als Rahmen halbherzigen Engagements S. 144-148

„… American Century, . 238 Text der Rede in: NYT, 25.6.2003; zur Analyse siehe …” „… , „Bush’s Speech Quietly Declared a New U.S. Policy in the Middle East“, in: IHT, 2.7.2002. 239 Zur road map …” „… Organisation der jüdischen Israel-Lobby, AIPAC (American Israel Public Affairs Committee), reagierte auf die …”

Innenpolitische Mobilisierung S. 102-106

„… Kessler/Slevin, „Cheney Is Fulcrum of Foreign Policy“ [wie Fn. 53]. …” „… Public: Post Post-Vietnam American Opinion on the Use of Military Force“, in: International Studies …” „… . Post-Cold War American Public Opinion on the Use of Military Force“, in: Journal of Conflict Resolution, 42 …”

Taktische Flexibilität S. 130-133

„… / publication/7077/>. 183 Rede am 3.12.2003 vor dem Council on Foreign Relations in New York, Policy Responses …” „… terrorist proxies have demonstrated their willingness to kill Americans, and now the Iranian regime is …”

Einschwenken auf Israels unilaterale Politik S. 151-157

„… , . 267 Siehe hierzu die Umfrage des PIPA Knowledge Network, Americans on the …” „… „official“ als „a covert policy decision toward accepting natural growth“ bewertet. Siehe Steven R. Weisman …” „… Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs C. David Welch, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 30.6.2005 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204123

Dennis L. Kampschulte - Transatlantische Wahrnehmungsunterschiede im Umgang mit Internationalen Konflikten?

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Dennis L. Kampschulte

Transatlantische Wahrnehmungsunterschiede im Umgang mit Internationalen Konflikten?

2008

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Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis S. 207-238

„… . 913-936. Aguilar, Manuela, Cultural Diplomacy and Foreign Policy: German-American Relations, 1955 – 1968 …” „… (Hrsg.): The American Impasse: U.S. Domestic and Foreign Policy after the Cold War. Pittsburgh …” „… Geopolitics of American Identity: The Function of Foreign Policy in America’s Domestic Clash of Civilizations …”

Entwicklung nach dem Ende des Ost-West-Konflikts S. 90-105

„… Nachrichtenservice (wireless and cable service) sowie der »Foreign Film Service« unterhalten. Der für Aktivitäten im …” „… Maßnahmen in Lateinamerika fungierte das »Office of Inter American Affairs« (OIAA) unter Nelson Rockefeller …” „… akademischen Austausches forciert (u.a. durch das American Council on Education und das Institute of …”

Amerika als exzeptionalistische Macht S. 181-197

„… them. This apathetic internationalism is reshaping the politics of American foreign policy …” „… , implying that those who criticized American foreign policy were ignorant or uninformed, and that …” „… – encouraging the neglect of foreign affairs, distorting policy choices to favor the noisy few over the quiet …”

Bildungspolitische Strategien im Rahmen der Public Diplomacy S. 121-136

„… American Committee on Public Information während des Ersten Weltkrieges, den damaligen Leiter von J. Walter …” „… Element der Kritik an dieser inhaltli- 625 Vgl. El-Nawawy 2006, S. 197ff. 626 Vgl. Committee on Foreign …” „… und bedeutet »Morgen«. 628 Vgl. Committee on Foreign Relations (27. Februar 2003), S. 17. 629 Vgl …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845210995

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