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Marco Wagner - Challenges to the Multilateral Trading System

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Marco Wagner

Challenges to the Multilateral Trading System

Series: Integration Europas und Ordnung der Weltwirtschaft

Volume 36 2010

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References S. 123-133

„… Regional Trade Agreements,'' World Trade Organization, Discussion Paper No. 8, 2005. Crawford, Jo-Ann and …” „… : EFTA Secretariat. Herz, Bernhard and Marco Wagner, "Do the World Trade Organization and the Generalized …” „… Least-Developed Countries,'' World Trade Organization, WT/COMTD/LDC/W/31, 2003. WTO, "The GATT years: from Havana …”

Introduction and Motivation S. 11-13

„… 1947 and came into force in 1948. It was succeeded by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. In …” „… challenge in preparing the foundation of the World Trade Organization which succeeded GATT in 1995. Since …” „… . Additionally, during the last six decades world trade has grown astonishingly faster than world GDP. While in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… WeltwirtschaftMarco WagnerChallenges to the Multilateral Trading SystemWorld Trade Organization, Generalized System …” „… on Trade and Development US United States VAR Vector auto-regressive WTO World Trade Organization …” „… of Preferences, and Regional Trade AgreementsNomos1. Auflage 2010© Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft …”

Stylized Facts about Regional Trade Arrangements S. 78-84

„… World Trade Organization (WTO) and the WTO (2009d) expects close to 400 RTAs by 2010. At first sight …” „… Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA), the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), the ASEAN Free Trade …” „… 78 3.3 Multilateralism versus Regionalism?! During the last two decades regional trade agreements …”

Intermediate Conclusion S. 76-78

„… the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the WTO (2009d) expects close to 400 RTAs by 2010. At first …” „… trade preferences finding that recipients' exports generally profit from preferential agreements …” „… interests of the US. GSP schemes of New Zealand and Turkey substantially foster trade flows in both …”

Empirical Model S. 41-48

„… 153 countries participate in the World Trade Organization with further countries striving for WTO …” „… International Trade Since the 1950s, world trade has grown dramatically faster than world GDP. While in 2007 …” „… real world output was about nine times higher than in 1950, trade increased more than 20-fold. In this …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845224190

Trung Nguyen - Judicial Activism in the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization

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Trung Nguyen

Judicial Activism in the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization

Series: Successful Dispute Resolution

Volume 12 2023

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Bibliography S. 245-317

„… , Elsig M and Puig S, ‘The World Trade Organization’sDispute Settlement Body – Its Extensive but Fragile …” „… the WTO’ in Debra Steger(ed), Peace Through Trade: Building the World Trade Organization(Cameron May …” „… Agreementon Tariffs and Trade 1994, Annex 1A, Marrakesh Agreement Establish‐ing the World Trade Organization …”

Chapter III: The Comparative Assessment of Judicial Activism in the WTO Appellate Body and the European Court of Justice S. 77-174

„… Activism at the World Trade Organization:Development Principles of Self-Restraint (2002); Steinberg …” „… proper even when the panel349 Howse, The World Trade Organization 20 Years On (2016), 59.350 Australia …” „… Settlement (2002), 338.291 Article 16.4 DSU.292 Articles 16.4, 17.14 DSU.293 Cho, How the World Trade …”

Chapter I: Introduction S. 13-28

„… reached acrescendo in December 2019 when the World Trade Organization (‘WTO’)Appellate Body, the “jewel in …” „… Release, WTO Disputes Reach 400 Mark (2009).5 Howse, The World Trade Organization 20 Years On (2016 …” „… United States Trade Representative, Report on the Appellate Body of the WorldTrade Organization (2020 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… UniversityVolume 12Trung NguyenJudicial Activism in the Appellate Body of the World Trade OrganizationA Comparative …” „… the World Trade OrganizationA Comparative Analysis with the European Court of JusticeTrung Nguyen317 …” „… NomosSuccessful Dispute Resolution 12Judicial Activism in the Appellate Body of the World Trade …”

Chapter IV: The Justifications for Judicial Activism in International Adjudication S. 175-240

„… of the World Trade Organization (2004); Tratchman, TheDomain of WTO Dispute Resolution (1999)753 …” „… .” See World Trade Organization, How the Negotiations are Organized.800 See eg., Sykes, The WTO Agreement …” „… ), 101; Marceauand Tratchman, A Map of the World Trade Organization Law of Domestic Regu‐lation of Goods …”

Chapter II: The Definition and Assessment of Judicial Activism in International Law S. 29-76

„… , Reflections on the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organi‐zation (2003), 81–5; Ehlermann, Tensions between …” „… .66 As such, charges of judicialactivism exist in the civil law world.Though there are some …” „… ), the legislative function (eg., participat‐ing in rounds of trade negotiation, granting waivers or …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748917175

Thomas Gerassimos Riedel - Rechtsbeziehungen zwischen dem Internationalen Währungsfonds und der Welthandelsorganisation

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Thomas Gerassimos Riedel

Rechtsbeziehungen zwischen dem Internationalen Währungsfonds und der Welthandelsorganisation

2008

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Agreement between the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization (WTO-IWF-VA) vom 9. Dezember 1996 S. 264-268

„… 264Annex IVAgreement between the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization …” „… Fund ("Fund") and theWorld Trade Organization ("WTO"), and the call in the Marrakesh Agreement for …” „… relatedfields";HAVING REGARD to Article III.5 of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World TradeOrganization, which …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 269-280

„… van den – The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, Cambridge 2005 Bree, Axel …” „… Review Commission regarding China´sWorld Trade Organization compliance: Industrial subsidies and the …” „… . September 2006The IMF and the World Trade Organization, 6. September 2006The IMF at a Glance, 18. Oktober …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 19-24

„… International Monetary and Financial CommitteeITO International Trade OrganizationIWF Internationaler …” „… Trade NegotiationsN.J. New JerseyOTC Organization for Trade CooperationPRGF Poverty Reduction and Growth …” „… World Economy, Ecology & Development WEO World Economic OutlookWISU WirtschaftsstudiumWTO World Trade …”

Das Verwaltungsabkommen zwischen der WTO und dem IWF S. 164-170

„… Streitbeilegungsorgans (Paragraph 7 WTO-IWF-VA).628 Siehe IMF, A Factsheet, The IMF and the World Trade Organization, 6 …” „… : Siegel, AmJIntL 2002, 561 (571).617 Ahn, Journal of World Trade (08/2000), 1 (13). 618 Annex IV dieser …” „… the World Bank with the GATT/WTO, in: Krueger (Hrsg.), TheWTO as an international organization, S. 82 …”

Die Säulen der Nachkriegsarchitektur: das Übereinkommen in Bretton Woods S. 37-44

„… a changing world, S. 7.57 Silard, Recent Developments in International Organizations, AmUnv.JILP …” „… Internationale Handelsorganisation (International Trade Organization – ITO)zu gründen, mit erheblichen …” „… , Journal of World Trade (08/2000), 1 (23); Deutsche Bundesbank, Weltweite Organisationen, März 2003, S. 154 …”

Die Etablierung der dritten Säule: vom GATT zur WTO S. 44-47

„… 336,S. 3f (Text der englischen Fassung des Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization in BGBl …” „… Welthandelsorganisation. Diese wurde damals noch als »Multilateral Trade Organization«bezeichnet und ging auf den …” „… Vertragsparteienwiederholt der Schaffung einer diesmal als OTC (Organization for Trade Cooperation – OTC) bezeichneten …”

Rechtsquellen und Rechtsordnung der WTO S. 114-122

„… (Text der englischen Fassung des Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization in BGBl. 1994 II …” „… law, in: Matsushita/Schoenbaum/Mavroidis(Hrsg.), The World Trade Organization, S. 53 (56f); Puth, WTO …” „… und Umwelt, S. 178. Mita.A.: Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organization, S. 44; Höher …”

Empfehlungen im Rahmen der geltenden Rechtslage S. 240-245

„… Neuüberarbeitung der Rechtsnormendienen. 945 Siehe IMF, A Factsheet, The IMF and the World Trade Organization, 6 …” „… the Multilateral Environmental Agreements and the World Trade Agreements, S. 475; Neumann, in …” „… Perspectives, S. 36f.934 Ahn, Journal of World Trade (08/2000), 1 (28); Vitzthum, Reformvorschläge für eine …”

Empfehlungen im Rahmen einer Ergänzung der Rechtsnormen S. 245-249

„… . 945 Siehe IMF, A Factsheet, The IMF and the World Trade Organization, 6. September 2006.946 Vgl …” „… Ahn, Journal of World Trade (08/2000), 1 (26). 949 Gramlich, ArchVR 2000, 399 (402).950 Ahn, Journal …” „… of World Trade (08/2000), 1 (27). 951 WTO, WT/GC/M/50.247Dezember 1999) dienten, verliefen ebenfalls …”

Bedeutung der rechtlichen Wechselbeziehungen an aktuellen Beispielen S. 25-29

„… Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization in BGBl. 1994 II, 1443); Viadrina International Law …” „… (IMF, World Bankand WTO), Journal of World Trade (08/2000), 1 (1); Jackson, The Jurisprudence of …” „… of World Trade (08/2000), 1 (17). 24 Bericht des Panels, Korea – Measures Affecting Trade in …”

Organisatorischer Aufbau der WTO S. 108-114

„… the World Trade Organization in BGBl. 1994 II, 1443); Viadrina International Law Project …” „… für Handelsverhandlungen (Trade NegotiatingCommittee-TNC) damit beauftragt, als oberstes …” „… Organisationsstruktur der WTO (Quelle: www.wto.org) 414414 WTO, Organization chart, Webseite: Stand 1. März 2008 …”

Kohärenz und Zusammenarbeit nach Unterzeichnung des WTO-IWF-VA S. 170-171

„… 2003).644 Siehe IMF, A Factsheet, The IMF and the World Trade Organization, 6. September 2006;WTO …” „… , WT/TF/COH/S/11 (16. Februar 2006).645 IMF, Review of Fund Work on Trade, S. 30; WTO, WT/TF/COH/S/8 (12. Febr …” „… organizations granted observer status to WTO bodies, Webseite: Stand 1. März 2008 (http://www.wto.org; The WTO …”

Einführung S. 171-173

„… 2003).644 Siehe IMF, A Factsheet, The IMF and the World Trade Organization, 6. September 2006;WTO …” „… , WT/TF/COH/S/11 (16. Februar 2006).645 IMF, Review of Fund Work on Trade, S. 30; WTO, WT/TF/COH/S/8 (12. Febr …” „… organizations granted observer status to WTO bodies, Webseite: Stand 1. März 2008 (http://www.wto.org; The WTO …”

Aufgaben und Ziele der »Bretton Woods Zwillinge« im GATT S. 152-163

„… . XI GATT). 574 Ahn, Journal of World Trade (08/2000), 1 (6). 575 Hahn, Währungsrecht, S. 345.576 Siehe …” „… Ahn, Journal of World Trade (08/2000), 1 (9). 584 Siehe dazu: Zweiter Teil, Abschnitt D. II. dieser …” „… Einfuhrbeschränkungen599 Stein/von Buttlar, Völkerrecht, Rdn. 475.600 Bossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade …”

Auf dem Weg zu einem »neuen Bretton Woods« S. 47-48

„… Übereinkommen beitreten müssen.110 Ahn, Journal of World Trade (08/2000), 1 (1f, 29); Jackson, The Jurisprudence …” „… Pläne von Renato Rug-105 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, ABlEG 1994 L 336, S. 11; Text vom …” „… Trade in Services (Text der amtlichen deutschen Übersetzung inBGBl. 1994 II, 1643 = ABlEG 1994 L 336, S …”

Frühere und derzeitige Aufgaben und Handlungsmöglichkeiten S. 80-99

„… konnte nicht verhindern, dass es282 IMF, Pamphlet Series No. 45, Financial Organizations and Operations …” „… Verhältnissen teilnehmen könnten. 293 IMF, Pamphlet Series No. 45, Financial Organizations and Operations of the …” „… : http://www.imf.org/external/np/tre/trad/extcred1.cfm.84Kredite von ca. 9,8 Mrd. SZR ausstanden.296 Zur Finanzierung dieser Kredithilfenstehen dem …”

Frühere und derzeitige Aufgaben und Handlungsmöglichkeiten S. 127-140

„… : Matsushita/Schoenbaum/Mavroidis (Hrsg.), The World TradeOrganization, S. 53 (56f). 523 Puth, WTO und Umwelt, S. 89. 136bb) Das …” „… and Trade (ABlEG 1994 L 336, S. 11; Text vom 30.10.1947in der vom 01.03.1969 an geltenden Fassung in …” „… Übereinkommen von524 General Agreement on Trade in Services (Text der amtlichen deutschen Übersetzung inBGBl …”

Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten im Rechtsvergleich S. 141-148

„… vertraglichenAbkommen bestimmt das »Agreement between the International Monetary Fundand the World Trade Organization …” „… ), in: Krueger (Hrsg.), The WTO as an international organization, S. 271 (273).548 WTO, WT/L/195, 18 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-18

„… ) 262Annex IV:Agreement between the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization …”

Rechtsquellen und Rechtsordnung des IWF S. 65-74

„… , Normative Problems of a New International Economic Order, Journal ofWorld Trade Law, Vol. 16 (1982), 338 …” „… Organizations, S. 177.245 Kramer, Die Rechtsnatur der Geschäfte des IWF, S. 58f; Leyendecker …”

Rechtsstellung des IWF S. 48-59

„… (Annahme am 03. August 2005). 170 Ahn, Journal of World Trade (08/2000), 1 (29); Ahn/Matsushita, WTO and …” „… , Völkerrecht, Rdn. 813; Verdross/Simma, Universelles Völkerrecht,§ 415; Zuleeg, International Organizations …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845212319

Werner Meng, Georg Ress, Torsten Stein - Europäische Integration und Globalisierung

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Werner Meng (ed.), Georg Ress (ed.), Torsten Stein (ed.)

Europäische Integration und Globalisierung

Series: Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes - Rechtswissenschaft

Volume 84 2011

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Raimund Raith The Selection of the Members of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization – Process and recent experiences S. 413-424

„… 413 The Selection of the Members of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization – Process …” „… World Trade Organisation (WTO), which came into being as a result of the Uruguay Round of Trade …” „… dispute settlement see Raith, How does the World Trade Organisation’s dispute settlement system work in …”

Hasso Rieck Die Doha Development Agenda – ein Turmbau zu Babel? Zur Verhandlungsarchitektur der Welthandelsrunde S. 459-476

„… Trade Organization, GATT History, 1998, S. 2: „GATT: A provisional agreement rebuilds world trade“. 82 …” „… , (Fn. 8), S. 153 f., Rdnr. 34 ff.; Prieß/Berrisch, WTO-Handbuch, World Trade Organisation, 1. Aufl …” „… Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) Lamy v. 29.4.2011 vor dem informellen Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC): „This Round is …”

Reinhard Quick Grenzmaßnahmen oder Maßnahmen an der Grenze – Die Unterscheidung zwischen Artikel III und II (XI) GATT dargestellt an der Ausdehnung des Emissionshandels auf Importe S. 393-412

„… Klimawandel; Das Emissionshandelssystem der EU, 2009. Siehe auch Ahner, Final Instance: World Trade …” „… Organization – Unilateral Trade Measures in the EU Climate Change Legislation, EUI Working Papers RSCAS …” „… ’ Protectionism, in: Bronckers/Govaere/Quick (Hrsg.), Trade and Competition Law in the EU and Beyond, das im …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization – Process and recent experiences Raimund Raith 413 …”

Jörg Reinbothe Das geistige Eigentum und die Europäische Union S. 425-448

„… Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization v. 14.7.1967. 42 Davon sind 18 % Industrieländer …” „… provisions of the Agreement, including those relating to […] the protection of patents, trade marks …” „… 32 Keplinger, Enforcement of IP Rights in the Digital Enviroment: The Role of the World …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233161

Hélène Ruiz Fabri - International Law and Litigation

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Hélène Ruiz Fabri (ed.)

International Law and Litigation

Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law

Volume 15 2019

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Gabrielle Marceau, Clément Marquet Practices and Ways of Doing Things in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Law S. 513-550

„… Practices and Ways of Doing Things in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Law Gabrielle Marceau …” „… 1947) created the World Trade Organization (WTO). The GATT 1947 was not a formal international …” „… – ranging from the World Trade Organization (henceforth, WTO) Panels and Appellate Body to the International …”

Henok Birhanu Asmelash Domestic and Multilateral Forums for the Judicial Review of U.S. Trade Remedy Determinations: Complementary or Conflicting? S. 479-512

„… Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (the “SCM Agreement”) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) permit the …” „… World Trade Organization, Annex 1A, 1867 U.N.T.S. 154, (GATT 1994), Article I (providing that WTO …” „… Journal (2012), 195; C. P. Bown, Trade Remedies and World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement: Why Are …”

Rob Howse International Investment Law and Arbitration: A Conceptual Framework S. 363-446

„… agreements of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which allows the defendant state to argue that the …” „… Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) or UNCITRAL (The United Nations Commission on International Trade …” „… bilateral investment treaties (BITs) or trade and investment agreements (e.g., the North American Free Trade …”

Andrea Hamann The Use of Ex Curia Experts in International Litigation: Why the WTO Dispute Settlement Cannot Serve to Improve ICJ Practice S. 107-146

„… comparison with the practice in the dispute settlement system of the World Trade Organization (WTO), where …” „… find nothing in the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization […], the DSU or the …” „… auspices not of the WTO but of the World Customs Organization (Article 18 para. 2). The Technical Committee …”

Hélène Ruiz Fabri, Edoardo Stoppioni Introduction S. 5-18

„… ? 479 Henok Birhanu Asmelash Practices and Ways of Doing Things in the World Trade Organization (WTO …” „… is shown most notably in his 1976 book The Development of the Law of International Organizations by …” „… of the law of international organization by the decisions of international tribunals (1976 …”

Laurence Boisson de Chazournes Parallel and Overlapping Proceedings in International Economic Law: Towards an Ordered Co-existence S. 331-362

„… Forks in the Road, 5(2) Journal of World Investment and Trade (2004), 231; C McLachlan, Lis Pendens in …” „… Organization at the University of Geneva. 1 See for example M. Waibel, Coordinating Adjudication Processes, in …” „… , may occur when a measure impacts one or more regimes at the same time, such as trade and investment …”

Aravind Ganesh Distant Strangers and Standing in Polisario S. 625-658

„… of Justice: A Reset of EU-Morocco Trade Relations in the Offing' (2017), available at http …” „… /the-polisario-front-judgment-of-the-eucourt-of-justice-a-reset-of-eu-morocco-trade-relations-in-the-offing-2/ (last visited 29 September 2018), (observing that the “dismissal of the Polisario Front’s …” „… terrorist organizations. Kongra-Gel v. Council, Case T-253/04, Judgment of 3 April 2008, [2008] ECR II-46 …”

Dalia Palombo The Lack of Effective Remedies at the European Court of Human Rights after Opinion 2/13 S. 695-724

„… Commission; M. Möldner, Responsibility of International Organizations–Introducing the ILC’s DARIO, 16 Max …” „… the EU, they did not intend to set up a human rights system, but rather a trade and economic union …” „… . When EU trade and economic norms raised human rights concerns, however, the constitutional courts of …”

Edouard Fromageau Quasi-Judicial Bodies as Procedural Innovations: The World Bank Access to Information Appeals Procedure S. 551-568

„… Quasi-Judicial Bodies as Procedural Innovations: The World Bank Access to Information Appeals …” „… Procedure Edouard Fromageau* Introduction After years of criticism toward its mode of operation,1 the World …” „… accountability through access to information. In July 2010, the World Bank Access to Information Policy (the AI …”

André Nunes Chaib Due Process and Procedural Law in Accountability Mechanisms: The Case of the World Bank S. 569-602

„… this, even if mentioned briefly, see J. P. Gaffney, Due Process in the World Trade Organization: The …” „… Governments and international organizations’, A/CN.4/556, and ‘Comments of the World Bank (IBRD and IDA) on …” „… more attention recently, given the prominent role international courts and organizations play in world …”

Edoardo Stoppioni L’accès direct de la personne privée à la juridiction internationale : Une comparaison entre l’arbitrage d’investissement et le contentieux de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme S. 147-182

„… penser au mouvement ‘trade and …’, ayant été développé par mimétisme dans la doctrine ‘investment and …” „… International Trade (2005), et P-M Dupuy et al. (dir.), Human Rights in International Investment Law and …” „… embodied in the two fields of trade and human rights is helpful, perhaps even necessary, in developing an …”

Marco Benatar Cyber Espionage in Inter-State Litigation S. 271-300

„… global and regional organizations direct their energies toward the international regulation of ICTs, so …” „… and the theft of industrial secrets6 regularly make world headlines. Clandestine ICT activities have …” „… International Law: Controversies involving Government Acquisition of Trade Secrets through Cyber Technologies …”

Alain Zamaria La reconnaissance juridictionnelle des monnaies virtuelles S. 301-330

„… par le biais de l’association « National Organization for the Repeal of the Federal Reserve and …” „… determined to meet these threats through infiltration, disruption, and dismantling of organizations which …” „… utilisées dans des jeux vidéo, notamment Second Life et World of Warcraft, ainsi que des services de …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845299051

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