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Rebecca Tiessen, Benjamin J. Lough, Tiffany S. Laursen, Sadat Khursheed - Innovations in Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment

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Rebecca Tiessen (ed.), Benjamin J. Lough (ed.), Tiffany S. Laursen (ed.), Sadat Khursheed (ed.)

Innovations in Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment

2021

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Nnenna Okoli The Intricacies of Transnational Relationships in the Promotion of Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment S. 154-162

„… equality-promoting programs such as child-care services during trainings and workshops to enable women to …” „… Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Nnenna Okoli 1� Introduction This special issue examined the …” „… work of transnational actors in gender equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE) programming. The …”

Rebecca Tiessen, Benjamin J. Lough Innovations in Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment: Understanding the Role of International Development Volunteers as Transnational Actors S. 7-26

„… 7 INTRODUCTION Innovations in Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment: Understanding the Role of …” „… volunteers (IDVs) to gender equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE) programming in the Global South …” „… Development Goal (SDG) #5, achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls is essential to …”

Rika Mpogazi Power In All Its Forms: Women’s Political Participation, Activism, and Advocacy to Promote Gender Equality Facilitated by International Development Volunteers S. 123-137

„… in All Its Forms: Women’s Political Participation, Activism, and Advocacy to Promote Gender Equality …” „… strides towards positive global development has been through the promotion of Gender Equality and Women …” „… , women’s urban associations became a vehicle for solidarity in the pursuit of gender equality and …”

Lan Thi Nguyen Organizational Commitments to Gender Equality Programming: Resistance, Externalizing, and Opportunities for Gender Mainstreaming S. 58-75

„… , particularly Goal 3: To Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women) and the updated international priorities …” „… women’s empowerment and gender equality. As a signpost of the global solidarity needed to achieve SDG 5 …” „… increasing organizational commitments to gender equality pointed to observations that women are treated …”

Pascale Saint-Denis International Volunteers as Empowerment Agents: Challenges and Opportunities of IDV Contributions to Women’s Empowerment Programs in Partner Communities S. 138-153

„… of gender equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE) programming. In this paper, I argue that the nature …” „… actors (Eyben/Napier-Moore 2009) as GEWE (gender equality and women’s empowerment). The issue of …” „… of the SDG in question, “Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls”, employs the term …”

Rebecca Tiessen, Tiffany Laursen, Benjamin J. Lough, Tabitha Mirza Gender-focused Social Innovation and the Role of International Development Volunteers in Promoting Women’s Economic Empowerment S. 91-107

„… equality and women’s empowerment are an essential advancement in international development solutions. As …” „… insights into the nature and extent of IDVs’ support to gender equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE …” „… gender equality and women’s empowerment when tasked with working on GFSI projects. While technical …”

Somed Shahadu Bitamsimli Resistance, Cooperation and Collaboration with International Development Volunteers: Considering Masculinities and Transnational Feminism S. 108-122

„… invaluable contribution to promoting Gender Equality and Women Empowerment (GEWE) in partner organizations …” „… equality and women’s rights in their own communities, including scholars, human rights defenders and civil …” „… women are trying to come to the same level through equality and all that then there is a lot of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Innovations in Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Understanding the Role of International …” „… (Eds.) Innovations in Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment Understanding the Role of …” „… . Lough Innovations in Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment: Understanding the Role of International …”

Leva Rouhani Creating Cosmopolitan Identities in Transnational Spaces to Advance Gender Equality S. 44-57

„… to Achieve Gender Equality and Empower all Women and Girls. These global priorities reflect the …” „… embrace outsider interventions on gender equality and women’s empowerment, particularly when local men are …” „… knowledge and mutual learning are important for advancing gender equality and women’s empowerment because …”

About the Authors S. 163-164

„… educator, researcher, and consultant, specializing in gender equality and women’s empowerment issues. For …” „… . Her research explores the intersection of transnational action, feminism, gender equality and …” „… over 13 years, Leva Rouhani has worked with Canadian and International organizations on women’s rights …”

Khursheed Sadat Capacity Building and Capability Development: Understanding the Relations of Power and Exchange Between International Development Volunteers and Partner Organizations and Communities S. 27-43

„… equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE) work. As one study participant from Malawi noted: “I think we …” „… , the data on Malawi demonstrate that women were trained in dairy farming, which included tools and …” „… transferring entrepreneurial skills, IDVs supported the strengthening of women’s economic voice, where farmers …”

Tiffany Laursen Strings Attached? How Global South Partner Organizations’ Perceptions of Feminism Shape their Relationships with Feminist Foreign Policy Donors from the Global North S. 76-90

„… � Introduction As part of a larger global movement to promote gender equality and women’s empowerment (GEWE …” „… advancing equality and opportunities for women and girls, some critics claim that FFPs (particularly FIAP …” „… equality promotion, but it doesn’t mean that we are very strong in women’s issues.” Still, others were …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748924951

Steve Peers, Tamara Hervey, Jeff Kenner, Angela Ward - The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

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Steve Peers (ed.), Tamara Hervey (ed.), Jeff Kenner (ed.), Angela Ward (ed.)

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2014

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Dagmar Schiek Article 23 – Equality between Women and Men S. 676-703

„… Article 23Article 23Equality between Women and Men Equality between women and men must be ensured …” „… Bettio et al, The Impact of the Economic Crisis on the Situation of Women and Men and on Gender Equality …” „… equality between women and men thus affects any activity the EU engages in, as well as any implementing …”

Cathryn Costello Article 33 – Family and Professional Life S. 934-969

„… to reconcile work and family life are essential for the achievement of equality between men and women …” „… women and men’: ‘Equality between women and men must be ensured in all areas, including employment, work …” „… , Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR Committee) has produced a General Comment on equality for women.64 …”

Mark Bell Article 20 – Equality before the Law S. 606-621

„… underlying message is that women could only receive equality in termination payments by conforming to male …” „… Article 20Article 20Equality Before the LawEveryone is equal before the law.Text of Explanatory …” „… University Press, 1999) 517.L Waddington, ‘The expanding role of the equality principle in European Union law …”

Shazia Choudhry Article 7 – Right to Respect for Private and Family Life (Family Life Aspects) S. 226-265

„… addition, according to Article 8 of that Treaty, equality between women and men is a fundamental principle …” „… http://europa.eu/familyalliance/about/index_en.htm.5 See also the chapters of this commentary on Art 23 (equality between women and men) and Art 33 …” „… commitment to equality between women and men came in 2010 when it adopted the ‘Women’s Charter’15 which …”

Shazia Choudhry Article 9 – Right to Marry and Right to Found a Family S. 310-333

„… on assessment of the results of the 2006–2010 Roadmap for Equality between women and men, and …” „… the law (Art 20), the right to equality between men and women under Article 23 and the right to …” „… equality and non-discrimination (Art 2). It also establishes the right of men and women to marry and found …”

Index S. 1904-1937

„… matters, 343see also Equality between women and men (Article 23); gender equality; Non-discrimination …” „… unjustifi ed dismissal, 805–32young people:protection at work, 869–89see also Equality between men and women …” „… sources, 567–68UN treaties, 567Equality between women and men (Article 23)Defrenne II ruling, 642division …”

Tamara Hervey, Jean McHale Article 35 – The Right to Health Care S. 994-1011

„… assistance (Art 34). Certain classes of people (women (Art 23), children (Art 24), the elderly (Art 25 …” „… provisions for children (education, immunisation), women (maternity leave, pay, pregnancy dismissal …” „… , including against scientific and technological innovations. ‘Equitable’ does not mean ‘absolute equality …”

Claire Kilpatrick Article 21 – Non-Discrimination S. 622-647

„… equality before the law, and Article 23 on equality between men and women. Both Article 20 and Article 23 …” „… Article 3 TEU include equality between men and women, and combating discrimination. Moreover, the …” „… to Non-discrimination in the ECHR’ (2009) 29 Legal Studies 211.S Peers, ‘Implementing Equality? The …”

Gabriel N Toggenburg The EU Fundamental Rights Agency and the Fundamental Rights Charter: How Fundamental is the Link Between them? S. 1656-1669

„… survey on gender-based violence against women, the Agency interviewed 42,000 women across the 27 EU …” „… Member States, collecting data on the extent, frequency and severity of violence against women in the EU …” „… , including data on women’s access to and experience of police, healthcare and victim support services.14 The …”

Charlotte O’Brien Article 26 – Integration of Persons with Disabilities S. 752-791

„… .——, ‘Equality’s False Summits: New Varieties of Disability Discrimination, “Excessive” Equal Treatment and …” „… obvious that the Charter itself elevates laws dealing with the equality/non-discrimination principle …” „… , which 119 Art 2 of the TEU.120 C O’Brien, ‘Equality’s False Summits: New Varieties of Disability …”

Heli Askola Article 5 – Prohibition of Slavery and Forced Labour S. 144-163

„… Review 546.H Askola, Legal Responses to Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation in the European …” „… Union (Oxford, Hart Publishing, 2007).——, ‘Violence Against Women, Trafficking, and Migration in the …” „… International Relations 37.——, ‘Biopolitical Management, Economic Calculation and “Trafficked Women”’ (2010 …”

Rachael Craufurd Smith Article 22 – Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Diversity S. 648-675

„… , non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail’. Article 2 TEU not …” „… TEU, and include ‘respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect …” „… somewhat on the previous Article 6(1) TEU by adding the explicit reference to human dignity, equality and …”

Appendix S. 1868-1903

„… diversity.Article 23Equality between women and menEquality between women and men must be ensured in all areas …” „… Union.Explanation on Article 23—Equality between women and menThe first paragraph has been based on Articles 2 and …” „… III—EQUALITYExplanation on Article 20—Equality before the lawThis Article corresponds to a general principle of law which …”

Niilo Jääskinen Fundamental Social Rights in the Charter—Are They Rights? Are They Fundamental? S. 1746-1757

„… state. Secondly, the Defrenne case law of the Court of Justice raised equality between sexes in the …” „… Scandinavian, the Anglo-Saxon, and the Continental. 8 I recall that despite equality before law being one of …” „… notion of real economic equality underpinning the protection of certain workers’ rights as fundamental …”

Lorna Woods Article 54 – Abuse of Rights S. 1582-1599

„… Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) requires states to incorporate the principle of equality …” „… of men and women in their legal system, abolish discriminatory laws and adopt appropriate ones …” „… prohibiting discrimination against women, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental …”

Robin White Article 34 – Social Security and Social Assistance S. 970-993

„… and women is avoided; and (3) an emerging set of entitlements linked to citizenship of the Union. Each …” „… the progressive implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of …” „… provision:C102 Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention 1952.C118 Equality of Treatment (Social …”

Jeff Kenner Article 30 – Protection in the Event of Unjustifi ed Dismissal S. 848-875

„… on non-discrimination and Article 23 on equality between men and women provide specific reference …” „… , Minster for Justice, Equality and Law Reform (21 December 2011).14 Council Directive 2001/23/EC on the …” „… unjustified without the need to look at motive or to use EU gender equality law to establish unequal treatment …”

Violeta Moreno-Lax, Cathryn Costello The Extraterritorial Application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: From Territoriality to Facticity, the Effectiveness Model S. 1700-1727

„… , nondiscrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men prevail.Article 6 TEU1. The …” „… , democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons …” „… human dignity, the principles of equality and solida rity, and respect for the principles of the United …”

Colm O’Cinneide Article 25 – The Rights of the Elderly S. 736-751

„… for Older Persons’ (2011) European Human Rights Law Review 398–418.S Fredman, ‘The Age of Equality’ in …” „… S Fredman and S Spencer (eds), Age as an Equality Issue: Legal and Policy Perspectives (Oxford, Hart …” „… Policy Group, 2005).——, ‘Age Discrimination and the European Court of Justice: EU Equality Law Comes of …”

Pekka Aalto, Herwig CH Hofmann, Liisa Holopainen, Elina Paunio, Laurent Pech, Debbie Sayers, Dinah Shelton, Angela Ward Article 47 – Right to an Effective Remedy and to a Fair Trial S. 1240-1319

„… equality set out in Article 20 overlaps with the rule that remedies for breach of EU law rules should be …” „… specified. In General Recommendation No 525 the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women …” „… action, preferential treatment, or quota systems to advance women’s integration into education, the …”

Catherine Dupré Article 1 – Human Dignity S. 44-67

„… Charter6 Catherine Duprétreatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training …” „… and promotion, and working conditions;7 Directive 75/117/EEC on equal treatment for men and women;8 …” „… Union is founded on the indivisible, universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity …”

Alan Bogg Article 31 – Fair and Just Working Conditions S. 876-911

„… in its requirement that ‘equality between women and men must be ensured in all areas, including …” „… Article 31 must be construed by reference to the requirement in Article 23 that ‘equality between women …” „… ) in the domain of EU equality law as specified, for example, in Article 2(3) of the Equal Treatment …”

Diamond Ashiagbor Article 15 – Freedom to Choose an Occupation and Right to Engage in Work S. 466-479

„… and 23 of Title III on Equality. Article 21 specifies the grounds on which discrimination is …” „… discrimination based on any ground such as …’. Article 23, with a focus solely on gender equality, makes clear …” „… the wide scope of the equality guarantee, extending the gender equality guarantee to ‘all areas …”

Kees Groenendijk Article 40 – Right to Vote and to Stand as a Candidate at Municipal Elections S. 1100-1111

„… Article 3. But the Strasbourg Court held that this article implies ‘the principle of equality of treatment …” „… of the will of the electors; (c) To have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in …” „… Article 7 CEDAW (‘ensure to women, on equal terms with men, the right … to vote in all elections and …”

Mats Lindfelt Article 44 – Right to Petition S. 1194-1203

„… Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality and the Committee on Foreign Affairs with its subcommittee …”

Lorna Woods Article 11 – Freedom of Expression and Information S. 354-383

„… , Marine and Natural Resources, Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, The Commissioner of the …” „… equality of all cultures, states are nonetheless permitted to adopt measures aimed at protecting and …” „… Women (CEDAW), the CEDAW Committee has suggested that women should be entitled to information about …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-43

„… .................................................................................................................630Article 23 – Equality between Women and Men …” „… equality), the need for subjecting the EU’s decision-making to human rights review has become ever more …” „… ..............................................................................183 I. Gender Equality …”

Ruth Lamont Article 24 – The Rights of the Child S. 704-735

„… exclusion and discrimination, and shall promote social justice and protection, equality between men and …” „… women, solidarity between generations and protection of the rights of the child.’ In addition to this …” „… trafficking can include specific measures to combat trafficking in women and children under Article 79(2)(d …”

Manfred Nowak, Anne Charbord Article 4 – Prohibition of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment S. 104-143

„… Department and ME and Others v Refugee Applications Commissioner and Minister for Justice, Equality and Law …” „… Human Rights Council of 15 January 2008 focusing on strengthening the protection of women from torture …” „… Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (2011)64 and the Convention on the Protection of Children …”

Jens Vested-Hansen Article 7 – Respect for Private and Family Life (Private Life, Home and Communications) S. 196-225

„… referred to Article 20 CFR on equality before the law as a basis for justifying the public policy aim of …” „… [71]–[77].61 Ibid [71].62 Case C-127/08 Metock and Others v Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform (CJEU …” „… Commissioner and Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform (CJEU, Judgment 21 December 2011) [86], [94 …”

Ian Harden Article 43 – European Ombudsman S. 1164-1193

„… should also be made of the EU equality directives, which require each Member State to designate a body or …” „… principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and services [2004 …” „… opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast) [2006] OJ L …”

Steve Peers, Sacha Prechal Article 52 – Scope and Interpretation of Rights and Principles S. 1498-1565

Olivier De Schutter The Implementation of the Charter by the Institutions of the European Union S. 1670-1699

„… which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men …” „… dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights …”

Paul Gragl Agreement on the Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights S. 1768-1867

„… conviction, the principle of double jeopardy or ne bis in idem and the equality between spouses, was not …” „… the equality of all High Contracting Parties.’101 The EU should thence, as a matter of principle …”

Article 12 – Freedom of Assembly and of Association S. 384-421

„… Member State shall enjoy equality of treatment as regards membership of trade unions and the exercise of …” „… combined responsibility on the of both Russia as well as Cyprus for the transnational trafficking of women …”

Angela Ward Article 51 – Field of Application S. 1456-1497

„… Articles 23 (equality between men and women) 33 (family and professional life) and 34 (social security and …”

Koen Lenaerts, José Antonio Gutiérrez-Fons The Place of the Charter in the EU Constitutional Edifice S. 1600-1637

„… Swedish law, which sought to implement Regulation 3950/92, complied with the principle of equality.27 That …” „… and women of marriageable age have the right to marry and to found a family, according to the national …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259055

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Steve Peers (ed.), Tamara Hervey (ed.), Jeff Kenner (ed.), Angela Ward (ed.)

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

2022

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Dagmar Schiek, Biljana Kotevska Article 23 – Equality between Women and Men S. 667-692

„… Article 23 Article 23 Equality between Women and Men Equality between women and men must be …” „… equality between women and men thus affects any activity the EU engages in, as well as any implementing …” „… explicitly aimed at equality of women and men, partly preceded by competences contained in the Social Policy …”

Jeff Kenner, Katrina Peake Article 33 – Family and Professional Life S. 943-984

„… and family life are essential for the achievement of equality between men and women, which of course …” „… equality between women and men ‘ in all areas ’ , which includes in the private sphere. A rights-based …” „… gender equality ’ by ‘ promoting the participation of women in the labour market, equal sharing of …”

Index S. 1927-1968

„… , 988 – 91 equality between women and men positive action, 683 – 84 European Ombudsman, 1187 …” „… ) gender equality, see Equality between women and men (Article 23) positive discrimination measures, 683 …” „… labour and protection of young people at work (Article 32) see also Equality between men and women …”

Steve Peers Article 9 – Right to Marry and Right to Found a Family S. 291-312

„… on assessment of the results of the 2006 – 2010 Roadmap for Equality between women and men, and …” „… equality under the law (Art 20), the right to equality between men and women under Article 23 and the right …” „… Women, 63 which includes provisions on marriage and nationality (Art 9), equality and consent, rights …”

Miriam Kullmann Article 7 (Family Life Aspects) – Right to Respect for Private and Family Life S. 195-230

„… http://europa.eu/familyalliance/about/index_en.htm . 5 See also the chapters of this commentary on Art 23 (equality between women and men) and Art …” „… to Article 8 of the TFEU, equality between women and men is a fundamental principle of the EU to be …” „… – 2005) ’ , COM (2000) 335. 15 ‘ A Roadmap for Equality between Women and Men 2006 – 2010 ’ , COM …”

Claire Kilpatrick, Hanna Eklund Article 21 – Non-Discrimination S. 613-638

„… movement for workers] should take into consideration the principle of equality between women and men and …” „… Muir , EU Equality Law: The First Fundamental Rights Policy of the EU ( Oxford , Oxford University …” „… Non-Discrimination in the ECHR ’ ( 2009 ) 29 Legal Studies 211 . S Peers , ‘ Implementing Equality ? The …”

Charlotte O’Brien Article 26 – Integration of Persons with Disabilities S. 743-778

„… : from charity to equality ’ ( 2011 ) 6 European Human Rights Law Review 638 . C O ’ Brien …” „… , ‘ Union Citizenship and Disability: Restricted Access to Equality Rights and the Attitudinal Model of …” „… , 2017 ). — — ‘ Equality ’ s False Summits: New Varieties of Disability Discrimination, ‘ Excessive …”

Tamara Hervey, Jean McHale Article 35 – The Right to Health Care S. 1007-1024

„… (women (Art 23), children (Art 24), the elderly (Art 25), people with disabilities (Art 26)) often have …” „… , three beds per 1000 population). Special provisions for children (education, immunisation), women …” „… and technological innovations. ‘ Equitable ’ does not mean ‘ absolute equality ’ , but primarily …”

Lorna Woods Article 54 – Abuse of Rights S. 1691-1708

„… against Women (CEDAW) requires states to incorporate the principle of equality of men and women in their …” „… which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women and men …” „… women, so that women can enjoy all their human rights and fundamental freedoms (Art 3), including …”

Heli Askola Article 5 – Prohibition of Slavery and Forced Labour S. 93-114

„… , Legal Responses to Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation in the European Union ( Oxford , Hart …” „… Publishing , 2007 ). — — , ‘ Violence Against Women, Trafficking, and Migration in the European Union …” „… and “ Trafficked Women ” ’ ( 2010 ) 48 ( 4 ) International Migration 84 . A Bosma and C Rijken …”

Rachael Craufurd Smith Article 22 – Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Diversity S. 639-666

„… basis that it protected gender equality, in that the practice was supported by some women, or human …” „… include ‘ respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human …” „… previous Article 6(1) TEU by adding the explicit reference to human dignity, equality and, of particular …”

Appendix S. 1891-1926

„… diversity.Article 23Equality between women and menEquality between women and men must be ensured in all areas …” „… Functioning of the European Union.Explanation on Article 23—Equality between women and menThe first paragraph …” „… objective of promoting equal-ity between men and women on the Union, and on Article 157(1) of the Treaty on …”

Mark Bell Article 20 – Equality Before the Law S. 597-612

„… progressive concept of equality. Historically, justifi cations for less favourable treatment of women and …” „… 1 Case C-292/97 Karlsson [ 2000 ] ECR 2737 . Article 20 Article 20 Equality Before the Law …” „… , Reconceptualising European Equality Law — a Comparative Institutional Analysis ( Oxford , Hart Publishing , 2017 …”

Oxana Golynker Article 34 – Social Security and Social Assistance S. 985-1006

„… and women is avoided; and (3) an emerging set of entitlements linked to citizenship of the Union. Each …” „… implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security [1979] OJ L …” „… ) Convention 1952. C118 Equality of Treatment (Social Security) Convention 1962. C130 Medical Care and …”

Niilo Jääskinen Fundamental Social Rights in the Charter – Are They Rights? Are They Fundamental? S. 1855-1870

„… Title III, equality between men and women under Article 23, the rights of children and elderly persons …” „… , namely the Scandinavian, the Anglo-Saxon and the Continental. 8 I recall that despite equality before …” „… refl ects the notion of real economic equality underpinning the protection of certain workers ’ rights …”

Lorna Woods Article 11 – Freedom of Expression and Information S. 333-370

„… , Marine and Natural Resources, Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, The Commissioner of the …” „… on violence against, its causes and consequences on online violence against women and girls from a …” „… reference to the abuse of rights doctrine under Article 5 ICCPR. Hate speech, including that against women …”

Gabriel N Toggenburg The Implementation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights by the EU Member States (as Refl ected in the Work of the EU Fundamental Rights Agency) S. 1791-1808

„… Roman Wieruszewski and Katarzyna S ę kowska-Koz ł owska, ‘ Violence against Women: How FRA ’ s approach …” „… equality and non-discrimination, racism and xenophobia, Roma inclusion, asylum and migration, information …” „… against women within the EU urged the EU Council to take steps towards the EU ’ s accession to the …”

Colm O’Cinneide Article 25 – The Rights of the Elderly S. 725-742

„… ), Age as an Equality Issue: Legal and Policy Perspectives ( Oxford , Hart Publishing , 2003 ) 21 …” „… . For example, aspects of EU employment and equality law protect the right of older persons to …” „… and cultural life. The provisions of Article 25 also refl ect the concept of substantive equality that …”

Jeff Kenner Article 30 – Protection in the Event of Unjustifi ed Dismissal S. 837-874

„… Undertakings Directive. 56 Article 21 on non-discrimination and Article 23 on equality between men and women …” „… gender equality law to establish unequal treatment. The legislator ’ s rationale is the need to guarantee …” „… treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast) [ 2006 ] OJ L204/23 . 42 …”

Kees Groenendijk Article 40 – Right to Vote and to Stand as a Candidate at Municipal Elections S. 1113-1124

„… article implies ‘ the principle of equality of treatment of all citizens in the exercise of their right …” „… ; (c) To have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in his country. The UN Human …” „… to women, on equal terms with men, the right … to vote in all elections and public referenda and to …”

Alan Bogg, Michael Ford Article 31 – Fair and Just Working Conditions S. 875-922

„… . Article 23 is also relevant in its requirement that ‘ equality between women and men must be ensured in …” „… ‘ equality between women and men must be ensured in all areas, including employment, work and pay ’ . This is …” „… 147 Yodel (n 146) [32]. 148 For an example of this problem in UK law, in an Equality Act 2010 …”

Catherine Dupré Article 1 – Human Dignity S. 3-24

„… Reports refl ect the growing attacks on dignity due to racism, hate crime and violence against women. 6 …” „… indivisible, universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity ’ ), the other rights …” „… , especially privacy (Art 7). Moreover, all rights included under the Equality title are most certainly …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ............................................................................................................................... 666Article 23 – Equality between Women and Men …” „… , and equality), the need for subjecting the EU ’ s decision-making to human rights review Editor’s …” „… ............................................................................................ 195 I. Gender Equality …”

Eleni Frantziou, Virginia Mantouvalou Article 15 – Freedom to Choose an Occupation and Right to Engage in Work S. 449-462

„… and 23 of Title III on Equality, which enshrine an open-ended right to non-discrimination and a more …” „… specifi c protection of gender equality, respectively. Exclusions from the labour market attributable to a …” „… All Forms of Discrimination against Women; — Article 32 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child …”

Ruth Lamont Article 24 – The Rights of the Child S. 693-724

„… justice and protection, equality between 24.01 1 [2010] OJ C83/13. Part I – Commentary on the Articles …” „… women, solidarity between generations and protection of the rights of the child. ’ In addition to this …” „… immigration and traffi cking can include specifi c measures to combat traffi cking in women and children under …”

Mats Lindfelt Article 44 – Right to Petition S. 1199-1210

„… The Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, the Committee on Women ’ s Rights and …” „… Gender Equality and the Committee on Foreign Affairs with its subcommittee on human rights dealing with …”

Angela Ward Article 51 – Field of Application S. 1553-1610

„… (equality between men and women) 33 (protection with respect to family and professional life) and 34 …”

Maria-Teresa Gil-Bazo Article 4 – Prohibition of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment S. 59-92

„… Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform [ 2011 ] OJ C274/21 and OJ C13/18 (CJEU). 3 Eg the CATS …” „… focusing on strengthening the protection of women from torture (UN Doc A/HRC/7/3, paras 56 – 58) and the …” „… Beings (2005), 55 the Convention on Preventing and Combatting Violence against Women and Domestic …”

Elisa Morgera, Gracia Marín Durán Article 37 – Environmental Protection S. 1041-1064

„… as indigenous peoples and local communities, women and children). 60 Knox cautioned that ‘ not all …” „… Durán 1055 113 Which is used in Art 8 TFEU (gender equality) and Art 10 TFEU (non-discrimination …” „… Environmental Law 285 , 289. Before the Lisbon Treaty, environmental integration, together with gender equality …”

Valsamis Mitsilegas, Emmanouil Billis Article 49 – Principles of Legality and Proportionality of Criminal Offences and Penalties S. 1473-1508

„… of its impact on the rights of women who wish to wear the full-face veil for religious reasons, a …” „… public place is traumatising for women who have chosen to wear the full-face veil for reasons related to …” „… for private life (Article 8) of women who wish to wear the full-face veil for reasons related to their …”

Ian Harden Article 43 – European Ombudsman S. 1173-1198

„… the principle of equal treatment between men and women in the access to and supply of goods and …” „… opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast) [2006] OJ L …” „… also be made of the EU equality directives, which require each Member State to designate a body or …”

Steve Peers, Sacha Prechal Article 52 – Scope and Interpretation of Rights and Principles S. 1611-1674

Filip Dorssemont Article 12 (1) – Freedom of Assembly and of Association S. 371-394

„… is employed in the territory of another Member State shall enjoy equality of treatment as regards …” „… traffi cking of women between those countries. II. Scope of Application (a) The Freedom of Peaceful …”

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Andrea-Hilla Carl, Stefanie Kunze, Yasmin Olteanu, Özlem Yildiz, Aysel Yollu-Tok - Geschlechterverhältnisse im Kontext von Unternehmen und Gesellschaft

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Geschlechterverhältnisse im Kontext von Unternehmen und Gesellschaft

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Volume 70 2020

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Stefanie Kunze, Mirko Bendig Missing Entrepreneurial Women? Eine Analyse zur Gender Equality im deutschen Unternehmertum S. 97-130

„… Stefanie Kunze und Mirko BendigMissing Entrepreneurial Women? Eine Analyse zurGender Equality im …” „… kommen. Missing Entrepreneurial Women? An analysis of gender equality in German …” „… Indikator neutralisiert.Missing Entrepreneurial Women? 111Gender Equality als politisches ThemaLaut …”

Anna Kasten, Kerstin Raule Maßnahmen zur Umsetzung der Geschlechtergerechtigkeit am Beispiel der Caritas als lernende Organisation S. 207-220

„… Geschlechtergerechtigkeit und Viel-falt – stellen wir dar. Measures to implement gender equality exemplified by Caritas as a …” „… learning orga-nisationAbstractWomen's and gender studies have been addressing the problems of …” „… question of what measures Caritas as a learning organi-sation is taking to implement gender equality. We …”

Irem Güney-Frahm Fluch oder Segen? Mütter und die flexible Erwerbsarbeit von Zuhause – Eine kritische Auseinandersetzung aus Geschlechterperspektive S. 35-54

„… of National Machineries for Gender Equality to Shape Migration Policies and Pro-tect Migrant Women …” „… information and communication technologies, this type of workprimarily addresses women and especially mothers …” „… mothers and promoting gender equality. Thus, a special emphasis isplaced on the consequences that working …”

Ulrike Marx, Albrecht Becker Geschlechterverhältnisse steuern: Zahlen und Feminismus S. 165-180

„… equality were woven intothe fabric of women’s lives, though admittedly often at the level of a sharedstock …” „… Gouverne-mentalitä. Berlin: Argument Verlag.Marx, U. (2019). Accounting for equality: Gender budgeting and moderate …” „… & Society,12(3), 366-388.Squires, J. (2007). The new politics of gender equality. Houndsmills: Palgrave …”

Anna Brüning-Pfeiffer Die Bedeutung von Gender-Achtsamkeit für eine nachhaltige Energiewirtschaft S. 237-252

„… ): Women, Gender Equality and the Energy Transition in the EU;Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and …” „… question, what role women do play in en-ergy economics and outlines the recent state of research to the …” „… topic “Wom-en and Energy”. The focus is here on the global North, especially Germany.Until now only a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Entrepreneurial Women? Eine Analyse zur GenderEquality im deutschen Unternehmertum 97Yasmin OlteanuRather be …”

Andrea-Hilla Carl, Aysel Yollu-Tok Editorial Geschlechterverhältnisse im Kontext von Staat, Markt und Gesellschaft S. 11-14

„… Gründungen kennen. StefanieKunze und Mirko Bendig setzen in ihrem Beitrag „Missing Entrepreneurial Wo-men …” „… ? Eine Analyse zur Gender Equality im deutschen Unternehmertum“ die da-malige Studie neu auf, und sie …”

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Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell, Olaf Deinert, Sophie Robin-Olivier - International and European Labour Law

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Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Silvia Borelli Article 23 CFREU Equality between women and men S. 209-214

„… Equality between women and men Equality between women and men must be ensured in all areas, including …” „… 15 I. Foreword Since 1978 the principle of equality between women and men has been recognised by the …” „… referred to. EU action on equality between women and men is as well inspired by other important …”

Silvia Borelli Article 8 TFEU S. 7-13

„… Union shall aim to eliminate inequalities, and to promote equality, between men and women. I. Foreword …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 I. Foreword The Treaty of Amsterdam listed the promotion of equality between men and women among …” „… promote equality, between men and women” (Article 3 (3) (2) of the Treaty establishing the European …”

David Fennelly Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: Articles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 11 (CEDAW) S. 449-455

„… , irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental …” „… distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex” and “on a basis of equality of men and women …” „… equality of men and women in their national constitutions or other appropriate legislation if not yet …”

Jule Mulder Directive 2006/54/EC on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast) S. 547-586

„… refers to equality between men and women. This suggests a shift away from the symmetrical approach …” „… the concept of substantive equality could then possibly provide extra support to women with childcare …” „… that women are often not considered equally qualified and thus fails to ensure ‘full equality in …”

Tzehainesh Teklè ILO Convention 111 Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) S. 612-630

„… guaranteed equality of opportunity in practice. All other measures purportedly meant to protect women (such …” „… , International Labour Conference, 101st Session, Report III(1B) (ILO, Geneva 2012); ILO, Equality at Work: The …” „… Rights at Work (ILO, Geneva 2011); ILO, Equality in Employment and Occupation, Special Survey by the …”

Tzehainesh Teklè ILO Convention 100 Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100) S. 602-612

„… remuneration for men and women and the promotion of equality”.22 As the CEACR has also clarified, the concept …” „… Discrimination against Women in Law and Practice (the Working Group): Economic and Social Life, available at …” „… : http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Women/WGWomen/Pages/ESL.aspx; Damian Grimshaw, ‘Equal pay for work of equal value’ in Francesca Bettio and Silvia Sansonetti …”

Silvia Borelli Article 157 TFEU S. 176-188

„… . With a view to ensuring full equality in practice between men and women in working life, the principle …” „… fully implement equality between women and men. Indeed, it allows to deal with horizontal gender …” „… application of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of …”

Orsola Razzolini Directive 2010/41/EU on the application of the principle of equal treatment between men and women S. 586-602

„… 586 Orsola Razzolini 1 2 and modernize equality of treatment between men and women law by creating a …” „… (Edward Elgar, 2012) 109 et seq. 4 Commission, A Roadmap for equality between women and men. New …” „… Union with a view to ensuring full equality in practice between men and women in working life, for …”

Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella ILO Convention 156 Workers with Family Responsibilities Convention, 1981 (No. 156) S. 1142-1149

„… terms of the Declaration on Equality of Opportunity and Treatment for Women Workers and of the …” „… is needed to achieve full equality between men and women", and Recognising that the problems of …” „… equality of opportunity and treatment between men and women workers, it is necessary to promote equality …”

Mark Bell Article 20 RESC The right to equal opportunities and equal treatment in matters of employment and occupation without discrimination on the grounds of sex S. 316-319

„… , Council of Europe, ‘Equality between women and men in the European Social Charter’ (2nd edn, Council of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 IV. Promoting Gender Equality …” „… right of women and men to equal opportunities and equal treatment in employment. Article 4(3) recognised …”

Anna Lawson United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) S. 455-461

„… binding non-discrimination and equality provision that unequivocally outlaws discrimination against women …” „… with disabilities and promotes equality of opportunity and equality of outcomes. Women and girls with …” „… women in this context, not to reducing the protective standards which may be required under …”

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell Fundamental Provisions: Introduction S. 1-7

„… equality, between men and women. I. Foreword …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 I. Foreword The Treaty of Amsterdam listed the promotion of equality between men and women among …” „… promote equality, between men and women” (Article 3 (3) (2) of the Treaty establishing the European …”

Silvia Borelli Article 33 CFREU Family and professional life S. 225-234

„… professional and family life and gender equality “Protection of women within family life and in the course of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Link between reconciliation of professional and family life and gender equality …” „… gender equality; the exigency to design work organisation to facilitate WLB; the need to take a …”

Annick Masselot, Bridgette McLellan Directive 79/7/EEC on the progressive implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security S. 466-481

„… treatment for men and women in matters of social security Foreword …” „… of equal treatment for men and women “in the field of social security and other elements of social …” „… of Directive 79/7/EEC relating to gender equality have been interpreted broadly by the Court of …”

David Fennelly International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination: Articles 1, 2 and 5 (ICERD) S. 444-449

„… Assembly Resolution 1904 (1963), A/RES/18/1904. ICERD Part 2 Equality Law 444 David Fennelly 1 2 4 …” „… , paragraph 109. ICERD Part 2 Equality Law 446 David Fennelly 6 7 The fourth subparagraph – Article 2(1)(d …” „… employment. In making its claim, the employer distinguished between Dutch women whom – it was said – stopped …”

Annick Masselot, Bridgette McLellan Directive 86/378/EEC on equal treatment in occupational social security and pension schemes S. 481-495

„… women in occupational social security schemes (Article 1). Article 2 sets forth the definition of …” „… Directive of 24 July 1986 on the implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in …” „… of equal treatment for men and women in occupational social security schemes [1997] OJ L046/20. 6 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 21 CFREU 203 Equality between women and men …” „… 15 CFREU 195 Equality before the law …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 7 RESC 297 The right of employed women to protection of maternity …”

David Fennelly International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Articles 2 and 7 (ICESCR) S. 438-444

„… equal pay as between men and women, the Committee has reiterated that “equality applies to all workers …” „… women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and cultural rights” set forth in the ICESCR Part 2 …” „… Equality Law 438 David Fennelly 14 1 2 Covenant.1 Article 6(1) recognises the right to work, “which …”

Mark Bell Article 21 CFREU Non-discrimination S. 203-209

„… 373/37. 7 ‘Equality between women and men must be ensured in all areas, including employment, work and …” „… women and men Equality between women and men must be ensured in all areas, including employment, work …” „… the general principle of equality before the law, found in Article 20 of the Charter. It may be …”

Mark Bell Article 19 TFEU S. 23-26

„… equal pay for women and men, the EU constructed an elaborate body of legislation and case-law on gender …” „… equality, in particular during the 1970 s and 1980 s. In contrast, the Union lacked any express legal …” „… 19 TFEU are the Racial Equality Directive4 and the Employment Equality Directive.5 It should also be …”

Mark Bell Equality: Introduction S. 431-433

„… PART 2 EQUALITY LAW Equality: Introduction One of the core rationales that underpins labour law is …” „… , the pursuit of equality is an objective that resonates throughout labour law. Contemporary law and …” „… policy on equality are often associated with the protection of particular social groups that are …”

Helen Stalford Article 32 CFREU Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work S. 219-225

„… the Charter (Article 23) refers explicitly to equality between men and women, implying its exclusivity …” „… professional and family life and gender equality “Protection of women within family life and in the course of …” „… campaign (and reinforced by Article 32) leaves limited scope for a more constructive narrative of equality …”

Jean-Philippe Lhernould Directive 2008/104/EC on temporary agency work S. 894-906

„… this agreement can therefore contribute to improving equality of opportunities between women and men …” „… opportunities for men and women since “more than half of fixed-term workers in the European Union are women and …” „… not agree on whether the principle of equality of treatment should apply to interim workers (compared …”

David Fennelly International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: Article 26 (ICCPR) S. 433-438

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 III. Equality before the law and the equal protection of the law …” „… . Article 26, which is the Covenant’s guarantee of equality and non-discrimination, occupies an important …” „… . In the words of the Human Rights Committee (‘the Committee’), non-discrimination and equality …”

Vania Brino ILO Convention 168 Employment Promotion and Protection against Unemployment Convention, 1988 (No. 168) S. 427-431

„… vulnerable categories (young people, women, elderly, etc.). Art. 6 of the Convention in particular represents …” „… that “each Member shall ensure equality of treatment for all persons protected, without discrimination …” „… lletin/docs/servais.pdf, 16. C 168 Part 1 Fundamental Provisions 430 Vania Brino 16 PART 2 EQUALITY LAW Equality …”

Ryszard Cholewinski ILO Conventions 97 and 143 Migration for Employment Convention (Revised), 1949 (No. 97) and Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions) Convention, 1975 (No. 143) S. 848-868

„… The CEACR has also addressed equality of treatment between women and men migrant workers, and provided …” „… Cholewinski, ‘Migrant Workers and the Right to Non-discrimination and Equality’ in C Costello and M Freedland …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. Article 6: Equality of treatment of migrant workers in a regular situation 11 2. Article 3 …”

Sudabeh Kamanabrou, Anne Christin Wietfeld Directive 2010/18/EU implementing the revised Framework Agreement on parental leave concluded by BUSINESSEUROPE, UEAPME, CEEP and ETUC S. 1026-1049

„… economic benefit of an active employment of parents – especially women – and to promote equality of men and …” „… States in seeking to achieve equality between men and women with regard to labour market opportunities …” „… different rules concerning the equality between men and women also Laulom, SSL Supplément 2014, 1640, 36. 12 …”

Jean-Philippe Lhernould Directive 97/81/EC concerning the Framework Agreement on part-time work S. 872-882

„… treatment against women (who are more likely to occupy part-time jobs), but intending to go beyond the …” „… gender equality matter, the signatory parties concluded a framework agreement on part-time work setting …” „… part-time work for men and women in order to prepare for retirement, reconcile professional and family life …”

Vincenzo Pietrogiovanni ILO Convention 89 Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised) and P 89 – Protocol of 1990 to the Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948 S. 1343-1355

„… affirmation of the principle of equality (between men and women), on the one side, and the protection of …” „… occupational safety and health, social services and equality of opportunity and treatment for women workers …” „… , social services and equality of opportunity and treatment for women workers have been verified by the …”

Eugenia Caracciolo di Torella Article 27 RESC The right of workers with family responsibilities to equal opportunities and equal treatment S. 346-348

„… provision is part of a broader and growing concern related to gender equality and intergenerational …” „… . Together these provisions acknowledge that the position of women in society has changed. The Material Scope …” „… of the article Article 27 With a view to ensuring the exercise of the right to equality of …”

Edoardo Ales Article 153 TFEU S. 155-165

„… ; (i) equality between men and women with regard to labour market opportunities and treatment at work …” „… • the information and consultation of workers • equality between men and women with regard to labor …” „… individual labor law, with reference to OHS, working conditions, equality between men and women, as for …”

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell, Olaf Deinert, Sophie Robin-Olivier General Introduction

„… society in which pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and equality between women …” „… ‘combat social exclusion and discrimination, promote social justice and protection, equality between women …” „… to eliminate inequalities, and to promote equality, between men and women’. In ad- 4 Art 3 TEU. 5 Cf …”

Mark Bell Article 10 TFEU S. 21-23

„… to eliminate inequalities, and to promote equality, between women and men’. This overlaps with …” „… referred to as ‘mainstreaming’. It is commonly linked to evolutions in gender equality policy during the …” „… echoes the way in which Article 8 TFEU (ex Article 3(2) EC) on gender equality has been used by the …”

Jeff Kenner Article 9 TFEU S. 13-21

„… orientation, to promote equality between men and women, to promote full employment and a high level of social …” „… Neighbourhood Policy40 pay attention to strengthening support for women’s rights and gender …” „… equality. Moreover, the Commission monitors and supports candidate countries’ compliance with the …”

Elise Muir, Lisa Waddington Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation S. 520-547

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Dir. 2000/78 Part 2 Equality Law 520 Elise Muir and Lisa Waddington V. Genuine occupational …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 I. General features Overview After the Racial Equality Directive1, the ‘Employment Equality …” „… regards employment and occupation’. The Directive partly builds on pre-existing EU gender equality law but …”

Ellen Birkhahn, Ulla Gläßer Directive 2008/52/EC on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters S. 1650-1678

„… . 2006/54 2 et seqq. Equality between women and men 1 II Art. 23 CFREU 6 et seqq.; 2 II Dir. 2010/41 1 et …” „… Gender employment gap – equality between women and men 1 I Art. 8 TFEU 13 et seqq. Index 1670 Gender …” „… equality 5 Introduction 5 Gender mainstreaming – equality between women and men 1 I Art. 8 TFEU 3; 1 II …”

Karin Lukas Article 26 RESC The right to dignity at work S. 343-346

„… provision is part of a broader and growing concern related to gender equality and intergenerational …” „… . Together these provisions acknowledge that the position of women in society has changed. The Material Scope …” „… of the article Article 27 With a view to ensuring the exercise of the right to equality of …”

Mark Bell Article 14 ECHR Prohibition of discrimination S. 461-466

„… , 12 April 2006). 10 App no 57325/00 (ECtHR, 13 November 2007). Art. 14 ECHR Part 2 Equality Law 462 …” „… 20). 25 App no 2700/10 (ECtHR, 10 March 2011). 26 Ibid. para 56. Art. 14 ECHR Part 2 Equality Law …” „… implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security Foreword …”

Martina Benecke Directive 92/85/EEC on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding S. 1252-1268

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 bb) Women who have recently given birth and are breastfeeding . . . . . . . 13 cc) Information of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 b) Consequences of the equal treatment of men and women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8. Article …” „… women (76/207/EEC) identifies “protection of women, particularly as regards pregnancy and maternity” as …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 48 TFEU S. 69-76

„… principle of equal pay of men and women, provided for by Article 157 TFEU, and to implement Directive 79/7 …” „… /EEC on equal treatment for men and women in the area of statutory social security schemes.5 The …” „… principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security [1978] OJ 1979 L6/24. 6 …”

Alexia Gardin Directive 1999/70/EC concerning the Framework Agreement on fixed-term work S. 882-894

„… are women and this agreement can therefore contribute to improving equality of opportunities between …” „… field of “employment conditions” could make gender equality instruments become secondary.30 The Wippel …” „… equality and part-time directives) apply simultaneously31. Gender equality instruments remain very useful …”

Teun Jaspers Article 21 RESC The right to information and consultation S. 319-330

„… Equality Article 20 refers to ‘equal opportunities’ and ‘equal treatment’. This dichotomy provides an …” „… indication that its goals are not limited to formal equal treatment, but extend to substantive equality in …” „… measures’ to bring about gender equality.21 States have some discretion over which measures they choose to …”

Olaf Deinert Introduction: Working Conditions S. 934-937

„… relating to health and safety at work and equality law. Furthermore, some additional cross industry …” „… out standards on working conditions. Besides equality law and health and safety at the workplace, it …” „… of the European Union, except for gender equality and mobility of workers. This goes back to the role …”

Felix Welti ILO Convention 159 Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Convention, 1983 (No. 159) S. 635-641

„… workers generally. Equality of opportunity and treatment for disabled men and women shall be respected …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 a) Rehabilitation and employment in the open labour market . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 b) Equality …” „… concerning disabled workers, including the recommendation of specialized guidance (para 41) and of equality …”

Emmanuelle Mazuyer Article 4 RESC The right to a fair remuneration S. 272-277

„… to exceptions in particular cases; 3. to recognise the right of men and women workers to equal pay …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 IV. The right of men and women workers to equal pay for work of equal value 8 V. The right of all …” „… work between men and women for instance. This particularity is strengthened by the fact that Article 4 …”

Vincenzo Pietrogiovanni ILO Convention 79 Night Work of Young Persons (Non-Industrial Occupations) Convention, 1946 (No. 79) S. 1336-1343

„… 18 years of age, of pregnant women and nursing mothers and of disabled people. The Recommendation …” „… ; Politakis, George P, ‘Night work of women in industry: Standards and sensibility’ 2001, ILR 140(4) 403-428 …” „… the text of this Convention are equally authoritative. ILO Convention 89 Night Work (Women) Convention …”

Elaine Dewhurst Article 19 RESC The right of migrant workers and their families to protection and assistance S. 313-316

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 IV. Promoting Gender Equality …” „… right of women and men to equal opportunities and equal treatment in employment. Article 4(3) recognised …” „… the right of ‘men and women workers to equal pay for work of 23 Complaint No. 85/2012 (n 6) para 142 …”

Antonio Riefoli ILO Convention 189 Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) S. 916-934

„… , domestic work is mainly carried out by categories of persons (women, young people and migrants) who are …” „… Domestic workers, most of whom are women and migrants, are particularly exposed to the risk of abuse …” „… low pay levels of women domestic workers are basically due to the gender-based underestimation of …”

Alexandre Defossez Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services S. 643-664

„… women or women who have recently given birth, of children and of young people; (g) equality of treatment …” „… between men and women and other provisions on non-discrimination. For the purposes of this Directive, the …” „… application to the undertakings referred to in Article 1 (1) ensures equality of treatment on matters listed …”

Antonio Lo Faro Article 155 TFEU S. 165-176

„… ensuring full equality in practice between men and women in working life, the principle of equal treatment …” „… the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. Gender Equality in the Treaties: from the Treaty of Rome until the Treaty of Lisbon …”

Edoardo Ales Article 27 CFREU Workers’ right to information and consultation within the undertaking S. 214-218

„… action is to reach an equal participation of women and men to any aspect of economic, political and …” „… principle of equality) that must be regarded as a general principle of EU law.38 At the time, the Court …” „… the achievement of equal treatment between men and women and thus was considered incompatible with …”

Claire La Hovary ILO Convention 131 The Minimum Wage Fixing Convention, 1970 (No. 131) S. 1120-1124

„… undervaluing work predominantly performed by women. The need to comply with this princi- 1 ILO, General Survey …” „… workers concerned, on a basis of equality; (b) persons having recognised competence for representing the …” „… , representatives of employers and workers concerned, on a basis of equality, shall be provided for. According to …”

Daniel Ulber ILO Convention 94 Labour Clauses (Public Contracts) Convention, 1949 (No. 94) S. 840-848

„… , ‘Migrant Workers and the Right to Non-discrimination and Equality’ in C Costello and M Freedland (eds …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. Article 6: Equality of treatment of migrant workers in a regular situation 11 2. Article 3 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2. Article 10: Equality of treatment of migrant workers in a regular situation …”

Antonio Lo Faro Article 152 TFEU S. 150-155

„… , without prejudice to Article 166; (i) equality between men and women with regard to labour market …” „… the Union’. Together with other provisions related to the principle of ‘democratic equality’ (Article …”

Karin Lukas Article 7 RESC The right of children and young persons to protection S. 297-304

„… necessarily imply that legislation and case-law should establish full legal equality” between the right to …” „… that this legislation is effective in practice.54 Article 8 RESC The right of employed women to …” „… discriminated against women. Article 8 (R)ESC must be read in conjunction with other provisions of the European …”

Sylvaine Laulom Article 30 CFREU Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal S. 942-948

„… articles of the Charter, including Article 21 on non-discrimination, Article 23 on equality between women …” „… equal treatment between men and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast) [2006] OJ L204/23 …”

Sara Benedi Lahuerta Directive 2000/43/EC implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin S. 495-520

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5. Equality bodies …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 b) The functions of equality bodies …” „… and sexual orientation, the Race Equality Directive (RED),2 was the first piece of secondary …”

Elaine Dewhurst Introduction: Labour Rights of Third-Country National Workers in the European Union S. 806-840

„… pregnant women or women who have recently given birth, of children and of young people; and equality of …” „… Migration and Law 283; Elise Muir, ‘Pursuing Equality in the EU’, Chap. 35, in Anthony Arnull and David …” „… ) 15 European Journal of Migration and Law 283, 283. 4 Elise Muir, ‘Pursuing Equality in the EU’, Chap …”

Adalberto Perulli The Declaration of Philadelphia (DoP) S. 361-375

„… Europe: A Comparative Study of 15 Countries 1945-2000 (Hart, Oxford 2009) 5; Bob Hepple, Equality: A …” „… formal – form of equality, within the relationship between employer and employee. Through the affirmation …” „… . 15 Bob Hepple, Equality: A global labour standard, International Labour Standards and Economic …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 45 TFEU S. 41-66

„… Others v Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform [2008] ECR I-6641, paras 57-59. 5 Regulation (EU …” „… the equality of treatment towards citizens of the host State, provided for by Article 24 of the …” „… and women. Therefore, both direct and indirect (or covert) discriminations are forbidden. The latter …”

Massimiliano Delfino Article 52 CFREU Scope and interpretation of rights and principles S. 239-244

„… occupation), Article 16 (Freedom to conduct a business),16 and, above all, Article 23, which ensures equality …” „… between women and men also in the areas of employment, work and pay. In Römer,17 the Court expressly …”

Marta Otto Article 8 CFREU Protection of personal data S. 937-942

„… distinction regarding the right to nondiscrimination (Article 21) and the equality of men and women (Article …”

Jeff Kenner Article 151 TFEU S. 143-150

„… exception would be to introduce equal pay between women and men in all Member States,4 without which there …” „… Social Model’ of individual employment rights, free collective bargaining, equality of opportunity …”

Massimo Pallini Article 62 TFEU S. 77-94

„… people; g) equality of treatment between men and women and other provisions on non-discrimination”. 31 …” „… conditions of employment of pregnant women or women who have recently given birth, of children and of young …”

Siska Dubbert, Franz Christian Ebert ILO Convention 150 Labour Administration Convention, 1978 (No.150) S. 403-427

„… protection of children at work”, the “promotion of equality of opportunity and treatment in employment”, “the …” „… training and upgrading of skills”, including “for women”, “young people”, persons with disabilities and …” „… considered important, such as: employing the same selection procedures for all public employees, “equality of …”

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