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Patrick Rosenow - Die Ständigen Vertreter der USA bei den Vereinten Nationen

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Patrick Rosenow

Die Ständigen Vertreter der USA bei den Vereinten Nationen

Series: The United Nations and Global Change

Volume 15 2019

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8 Literaturverzeichnis S. 405-451

„… .): Multilateral Diplomacy and the United Nations Today. 2. Aufl., Cambridge, S. 15–22. 8 Literaturverzeichnis 407 …” „… "Other" State Department. The United States Mission to the United Nations - Its Role in the Making of …” „… of the United States Congress (2018): Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr. Online verfügbar unter …”

1 Einleitung S. 17-49

„… . Manchmal lautet die englischsprachige Bezeichnung „Permanent Representative of the United States to the …” „… United Nations“; in Regierungsdokumenten der USA hingegen ist die Bezeichnung „United States Permanent …” „… United States speaking. It is very difficult to get politicians to understand that“ (zit. nach Zitka 1997 …”

5 Fallstudien S. 230-387

„… Beichman 1968] […]. Lodge increased the stature of the United States in the UN, and of the UN in the United …” „… United States Congress 2018). Konzeptionelles Denken Das konzeptionelle Denken Henry Cabot Lodge Jrs …” „… beanspruchten (United States Senate 2018). Dennoch bezeichnete er sich nicht als einen Ideologen, der sämtliche …”

4 Der US-UN-Botschafter im individuellen, konzeptionellen, nationalen und internationalen UN-Kontext S. 143-229

„… sie 2011 forderte: „The United States needs a national strategic narrative […] more and more Americans …” „… are asking in the world: Where is the United States going in the world? How can we get there? What are …” „… 1845 in einem Artikel der Zeitschrift „The United States Magazine and Democratic Review“ geprägt, als …”

2 Theoretischer Rahmen S. 50-129

„… effects of anarchy on state behavior, the definition of state interests, the nature of power, and the …” „… meaning; state interests are part of the process of identity construction; power is both material and …” „… Beziehungen. In seinem Aufsatz „Anarchy is what states make of it: the socialconstruction of power politics …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748900313

Dennis L. Kampschulte - Transatlantische Wahrnehmungsunterschiede im Umgang mit Internationalen Konflikten?

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Dennis L. Kampschulte

Transatlantische Wahrnehmungsunterschiede im Umgang mit Internationalen Konflikten?

2008

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Literatur- und Quellenverzeichnis S. 207-238

„… . Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] 1992. Blackburn, Paul P., The Post-Cold War Public Diplomacy of the United States …” „… War on Terrorism: An Analysis of the United States’ »Shared Values« Public-Diplomacy Campaign after …” „… Diplomacy: Challenges for Germany and the United States. Washington D.C. 2006 …”

Entwicklung nach dem Ende des Ost-West-Konflikts S. 90-105

„… ineffizient eingeschätzt; vgl. United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy 1995, S. 4. 101 Bereich …” „… Vgl. Arndt 2005, S. 536. 508 Vgl. United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy 1996, S. 8 …” „… . 522 Vgl. Burn 1996, S. 84. 523 Vgl. United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy 1995, S. 2 …”

Umstrukturierung der kultur-, bildungs- und informationspolitischen Instrumente der USA S. 105-110

„… Public Diplomacy 1995, S. 5. 526 Vgl. United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy 1995, S. 5 …” „… Operations (1997). 535 Vgl. United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy 1995, S. 2. 536 Vgl. Hook …” „… . 541 Vgl. Muravchick 2002, S. 28. 542 Vgl. United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy 2000 …”

Bildungspolitische Strategien im Rahmen der Public Diplomacy S. 121-136

„… beauftragt.615 Auch innerhalb der United States Information Agency arbeiteten zahlreiche Marketingexperten …” „… Außenministeriums aus: „Its not the hard policy argument but its telling people about the United States in a way …” „… betonte die »National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (9-11 Commission)« die …”

USA S. 158-164

„… United States after the horrific losses of September 11 about »why these people hate us so much« ended …” „… the United States not for what it did but for what it was, that the issue was essentially existential …” „… United States from an authoritarian and to a dramatically open and democratic society. If we apply the …”

Amerika als exzeptionalistische Macht S. 181-197

„… therein lies the great irony of the post-Cold War era: at the very moment that the United States has more …” „… 2005, S. 230. 188 broadcasting, and in our educational assistance, the United States will promote …” „… the sake of both its interests and its ideals, the United States has a special responsibility to …”

Begriffliche und strukturelle Operationalisierung S. 41-47

„… Mitglieder gehören der demokratischen Partei, vier den Republikanern an. Der Direktor der United States …” „… democracy by broadcasting accurate and objective news and information about the United States and the world …” „… Diplomacy beeinflussen. Dadurch soll ein Beitrag zum Schließen dieser Forschungslücken geleistet werden. 1.7 …”

Forschungsstand S. 35-41

„… Diplomacy bis 1999 hauptverantwortliche Institution, die »United States Information Agency« (USIA), steht im …” „… Diplomacy-Strategien nach dem 11. September 2001, die in dem Versäumnis der Regierung begründet liege, eine …” „… Bildungspolitik und Public Diplomacy fungiert als ein Instrument, mit dem Meinungen und Einstellungen der …”

Erläuterung des thematischen Kontextes S. 15-19

„… interpretiert. Neben dem 1 Vgl. ausf. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States 2004. 2 …” „… Diplomacy« beziehungsweise »auswärtige Kultur- und Bildungspolitik« bezeichnet.23 Auswärtige Kultur- und …” „… vor dieser Umbenennung verwendet; so wird der Begriff Public Diplomacy von Klöckner (1993) mit …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 11-12

„… S. Seite sen. Senior Tab. Tabelle u.a. unter anderem U.S.C. United States Code vgl …” „… . Millionen Mrd. Milliarden o.J. ohne Jahr o.S. ohne Seite o.V. ohne Verfasser PD Public Diplomacy …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845210995

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Anna Locher

Crisis? What Crisis?

2010

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Bibliography S. 295-314

„… Struggle: The United States and Western Europe in the 1960s,” in The Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade …” „… 295 BibliographyArchival Sources NATONATO Archives (NA), Brussels, Belgium United States Harry S …” „… Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS) 1961-1963: 12, West Europe and Canada (Washington: US …”

Introduction S. 11-32

„… United States and Europe Since 2000 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008); David M. Andrews, ed., The …” „… See Frédéric Bozo, Two Strategies for Europe: De Gaulle, the United States, and the Atlantic Alliance …” „… : Palgrave, 2002). 7 Lawrence S. Kaplan, NATO and the United States: The Enduring Alliance (New York …”

Interpreting de Gaulle: “Why He Does It Is A Riddle” S. 129-134

„… diplomacy that have fascinated, perplexed, frustrated and even angered the Government of the United States …” „… United States and Recommendations,” no date [March 1964], FRUS 1964-68: 12, 44-7. 203 Memorandum from …” „… the US State Department, identified a number of deep cleavages resulting from divisions between Europe …”

Conclusion S. 235-236

„… Gaulle and the United States: A Centennial Reappraisal, ed. Robert O. Paxton and Nicholas Wahl (Oxford …” „… state and in transatlantic relations at large. In early summer, the Canadian idea to discuss in a …” „… NATO’s critical state. Starting in May, and up to the French withdrawal from NATO’s military command of …”

Atlantic Tensions Go Public in Foreign Affairs S. 101-107

„… the United States and Western Europe which can, one hopes, be evolved but may not exist prima facie …” „… Affairs that were characteristic of the state of flux in the Atlantic alliance: an essay by Belgian …” „… and Alastair Buchan, British expert on strategy and policy adviser, each addressed the state of …”

Reflecting the Crisis – Observers’ Views S. 72-76

„… Alliance,” in The United States and European Alliance Since 1945, ed. Kathleen Burk and Melvyn Stokes …” „… worrisome state also brought into the arena observers and commentators. As de Gaulle’s information minister …” „… news about the critical state of the Atlantic alliance, be it in a dramatizing or a thoughtful way, the …”

Damage Control à la NATO Council S. 76-82

„… , named and then banished once and for all:”230 Doubts that the United States would meet its commitment to …” „… defend Europe in the event of an attack; the assertion that the United States wished to dominate NATO …” „… ; the accusation that the United States was seeking a settlement with the Soviet Union at the expense of …”

French Reform Claims and Nuclear Weapons S. 37-41

„… ,” in De Gaulle and the United States: A Centennial Reappraisal, ed. Robert O. Paxton and Nicholas Wahl …” „… (only) once Western Europe united. Costigliola, “Failure to Consult,” 108; Bowie, “Tensions Within the …” „… Gaulle to accelerate the program and use it with great skill in his diplomacy.23 In a memorandum to …”

Confrontation or No Confrontation? Allied Strategies toward France S. 245-254

„… , The United States, 28; Schwartz, Lyndon Johnson, 96f. 35 MemCon between Hood, Leddy, and Schaetzel …” „… , Nuclear Sharing [1/3]. See also Ellison, TheUnited States, 27f.38 FO to Paris 1886, 7 October 1965, UKNA …” „… 1965, ibid. On the British attitudes, see also Ellison, The United States, 25 and 32. 45 Letter from …”

Avoid Confrontation, Study the Future: The December 1964 Meeting S. 177-185

„… Briefing Book 1, “The United States, China, and the Bomb,” at http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv /NSAEBB/NSAEBB1 …” „… state of the alliance at the ministerial gathering was therefore voided to a remarkable extent. 2.3 …” „… Communist world is split we are not united.”155 Indeed, when ministers assembled for their annual meeting in …”

Assuming Leadership – the US at the May 1965 Meeting S. 206-215

„… against the United States” as the French elections approached. He considered it indispensable that the US …” „… , George Vest, the ministerial gathering should be “business as usual.”64 Similarly, in May, the State …” „… but enthusiastic.65 Indeed, State Department officials predicted that the ministerial convention would …”

Institutionalizing the Debate on the State of the Alliance? S. 215-221

„… agreeable solutions among the other 14 NATO states. The US in particular had come a long way. There was a …” „… after his expected re-election in December 1965. The State Department reiterated that it wanted …” „… review.97 Preparing for a visit by German Chancellor Erhard to Washington, the State Department foresaw …”

The MLF Controversy and its Impact on the Vigor of NATO S. 157-164

„… had a decisive bearing on the perception of NATO’s state among Western governments: While some saw the …” „… Nevertheless, US State Department officials had been pushing for the MLF throughout 1963, and the project …” „… gained some momentum in the spring of 1964, when high-ranking State Department advisers convinced …”

Conclusion S. 281-292

„… , 187-218; Ellison, The United States, 188, with reference to Martin, “Untying the Gaullian Knot,” 263-72 …” „… state of the Atlantic alliance overall, but had also begun to prepare for this broadside against NATO …” „… spring 1966, this sharp immediate reaction fed into a pronounced and penetrating debate over the state …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845222486

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Jeanette Schade

Soft Superpower

Series: Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik

Volume 9 2010

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NGOs als Werbeträger der Regierung S. 235-238

„… Statesicherstellen, dass„in cooperation with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) andother …” „… provided by the United States, nongovernmental organizations, and private entities of the United States is …” „… identified as provided by the people of the United States” (Pub. L. 108–458, Sec. 7109).178Dies zog 2005 eine …”

Literatur und Datenquellen S. 523-578

„… DiplomacyProgram, September 2000b; www.state.gov/www/global/human_rights/labor/acld_report/acld_labdip.html (LZ …” „… , Sec. 2382.22 U.S.C. 2532, Restriction Relating to United States Accession to Any New International …” „… U.S.C. 262d, Human Rights and United States Assistance Policies with International FinancialInstitutions …”

(Public) diplomacy zu Gunsten von NGOs S. 249-253

„… vorrangigen Thema der bilateralenBeziehungen zu machen:„The United States must continue to stand up for what …” „… fundamental rights and freedoms, including fostering relationships with the251United States Government and the …” „… . […] The original separation of Church and State in the United States wascertainly not an effort to ban all …”

Zentralisierung der public diplomacy im State Department S. 196-199

„… . USAID/Whitepaper 2004: 12).Zentralisierung der public diplomacy im State DepartmentPublic diplomacy ist ein …” „… gewünscht sind. So gehört es seit1999 zur Doktrin, dass „United States international broadcasting shall …” „… include [...] the capability to provide a surge capacity to support United States foreign policy …”

„Internationale“ core labor standards zum Schutze amerikanischer Arbeiter S. 463-465

„… objectives of the United States for agreements subject to the provisions ofsection 2103 [trade agreements …” „… 378—In order to address andmaintain United States competitiveness in the global economy, the President …” „… mechanisms among parties to trade agreements to strengthen the capacity of United States trading partners to …”

Politische Regulierungen und Einschränkungen von NGOs S. 238-244

„… and sensitive physician-patientrelationship would be intolerable in the United States and is an …” „… grievances’is essential to a thriving democracy and is protected under the United States Constitution.(3) The …” „… promotion of democracy is a principal goal of United States foreign policy and critical to …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 13-18

„… Labor DiplomacyACPD Advisory Committee on Public DiplomacyACRFA Advisory Committee on Religious Freedom …” „… Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade AgreementCAII Creative Associates InternationalCAP Capable …” „… Growth(Argentinien)CIRF United States Commission on International Religious FreedomCISS Center for International Strategic …”

NGOs als Alternative zu direkter bilateraler Hilfe S. 233-235

„… Secretary of Statesicherstellen, dass„in cooperation with the United States Agency for International …” „… relating toforeign assistance provided by the United States, nongovernmental organizations, and private …” „… entities of the United States is disseminated widely, and particularly, to the extentpracticable, within …”

Zentralisierung der US-Demokratieförderung S. 199-201

„… Department zugewiesen und steht unter der Aufsicht desneuen Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and …” „… United States assistance [...] include designing of an overall assistance strategy for countries in the …” „… programs are effectively integrated both at home and abroad andthe foreign policy of the United States is …”

Programmatischer Rahmen der US-Zivilgesellschaftsförderung S. 273-281

„… Genossenschaftswesens für Demokratie und Wohlstandsförderung hervor:278„The sustained participation of United States and …” „… risk important United States interests, jeopardize substantial savings in United Statesdefense that a …” „… that will result in trade and economic benefits to theUnited States, and heighten the risk that many …”

Rolle der Zivilgesellschaft bei der Förderung von AS-Standards S. 465-468

„… „impact of future tradeagreements on United States employment“. Ergänzt wird dieses Anliegen um das …” „… Monitoring anderer „legitimate United States domestic objectives including, but not limited to,the protection …” „… American work force. The ethnicand racial diversity of the United States should be reflected“ (ACLD 2000d …”

(Public) diplomacy zu Gunsten religiöser Akteure S. 261-266

„… Nichtregierungsquellenerstellte das ACRFA Mitte 1997 zunächst einen Bericht über die United States Policies inSupport of Religious …” „… Religious Freedom, and the ExecutiveSummary, United States mission personnel shall, as appropriate, seek out …” „… Führern zu interagieren und seine Beziehungen zu religiösen Gruppen zu pflegen.„United States chiefs of …”

Zentralisierung entwicklungspolitischer Kompetenzen im State Department S. 190-196

„… . Insbesondere die Auflösung der United States Information Agency (USIA) in das State Department, die endgültige …” „… (Richtlinien vgl. USAID/Whitepaper 2004: 12).Zentralisierung der public diplomacy im State DepartmentPublic …” „… Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, der Demokratisierungsaktivitäten und der public diplomacy an dasDOS bzw. an die außenpolitische …”

Aufbau der Middle East Partnership Initiative S. 419-425

„… towardthe United States and that key U.S. strategic interests would suffer” (Sharp 2006: 3).Der von G.W …” „… an,„that places the United States firmly on the side of change, on the side of reform, and onthe side of a …” „… exception that it enables the UnitesStates to fund civil society programs in states with Muslim populations …”

Die Verankerung von Arbeits- und Sozialstandards in Handelsabkommen S. 459-463

„… freetrade agreements such as the United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (Jordan FTA) isunfounded. The …” „… Arbeiterschaft auch darin zum Ausdruck, dass von ehemals 73 Vollzeitstellendes DOS für labor diplomacy in den …” „… gescheitert. Doch bereits im Januar 1999 hatte Clintonin seiner State of the Union Address angekündigt, „to …”

Zivilgesellschaft in handlungsrelevanten außenpolitischen Konzepten S. 144-149

„… non-partisanship they oftenbring from the NGO world in the United States: the notion that there is a clear line …” „… ) sowie die United States Information Agency, Voice of America, akademische Austauschprogramme und Aufbau …” „… spielen.„The top, military board is unipolar, with the Unites States far outstripping all other states …”

Boom der FBOs in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit S. 253-261

„… and State in the United States wascertainly not an effort to ban all religious conviction from the …” „… : Proposing an Amendment to the Constitution of the United States Restoring Religious Freedom; Committee on …” „… Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution’;The religious grantee or contractor retains control over …”

Demokratisierung S. 163-167

„… United States support this trend by remaining actively engaged in the world. This is the strategythat …” „… , theUnited States will use this moment of opportunity to extend the benefits of freedom across the globe. We …” „… evolution of today’s world. The United States continues to emphasize support fordemocracy and free markets …”

Zivilgesellschaftsförderung zur Beendigung des Ost-West-Konflikts S. 86-95

„… democratic governments can be considered legitimateand trusted friends of the United States; he argued that a …” „… Foundation to long-range UnitedStates foreign policy interests […] it is in the interest of the United States …” „… functioning of democratic institutions;– to facilitate exchanges between United States private sector groups …”

Das Paradox des Supermachtstatus, Zukunftsszenarien und Handlungsoptionen S. 158-161

„… decision-making, in contrast, have increased significantly. The United States has thus become less …” „… reduce the threat of nuclear, biological, and chemicalweapons attacks on the United States or its …” „… ein, wenn er problematisiert, „[that] autocratic governments and Islamic states or groups will …”

Die ambivalente Rolle privater Akteure für das nationale Interesse S. 156-158

„… Ost-West-Konflikts:„[…] the United States expended billions of dollars each year attempting to influence […]other …” „… American157decision-making, in contrast, have increased significantly. The United States has thus become …” „… NIC ein, wenn er problematisiert, „[that] autocratic governments and Islamic states or groups will …”

Zivilgesellschaft und Regimewechsel (pre-breakthrough countries) S. 367-381

„… of the United States to support the people of Zimbabwe in their struggle to effectpeaceful …” „… the United States executive director to eachinternational financial institution to vote against any …” „… outside the UnitedStates, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States …”

Der Millennium Challenge Act – Armutsbekämpfung durch Wachstum S. 201-206

„… thischapter [USAID] should have the responsibility for coordinating all United States development-related …” „… derUSIA durchgeführte public diplomacy. Über alledem aber steht der NSC, der diesen Bündelungsprozess …” „… guidanceof the Secretary of State, the agency primarily responsible for administering subchapter I of …”

Strategieentwicklung im Bereich democracy and governance S. 281-288

„… nongovernmental organizations, including research and educational institutions,in the United States and abroad for …” „… der skizzierten public diplomacy auch Spielräume,weiterhin politisch in einem Land involviert zu …” „… diplomacy einezentrale Rolle.Das Ziel der Demokratisierung und der Festigung demokratischer Institutionen …”

Partner des State Department S. 337-341

„… State DepartmentIm Rahmen seiner public diplomacy bzw. der neuerdings sogenannten …” „… „caucus of democracies at the United Nations“. Schon damals hatte der CCD für seine Bemühungen …” „… Secretaryof State (Ministerialdirektor), und David Popper, ehemals US-Botschafter in Chile. Gegenwärtig …”

Zivilgesellschaft und Regimewandel im postsowjetischen Raum S. 381-419

„… between professional associations of theUnited States and the FSU to foster continuing education among …” „… FSU for graduate study in the United States in the fields ofbusiness administration, economics, law …” „… transformation, the United States will enhance international peace andthereby avoid great expense for military …”

Partner der USAID S. 320-332

„… aid program of the United States” (ACDI: OurStory). VOCA wiederum war die erste …” „… Entwicklungszusammenarbeit als auch für die Durchführung der public diplomacy. Einen vollständigen Überblick über sie zu …” „… , die PSCU Financial Services, die State Employees Credit Union und die U.S. Central Credit Union …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845224282

Nico Fuhrig, Kevin Kälker - Israel und das Szenario eines Präventivschlags gegen den Iran

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Nico Fuhrig, Kevin Kälker

Israel und das Szenario eines Präventivschlags gegen den Iran

2017

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Anhang S. 245-303

„… United States, in: The Jerusalem Post, 20. November 2013 (www.jpost.com/Diplomacy …” „… United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon USAF United States Air Force USSOCOM United States Special …” „… Threat And United States Relations, New York 2012. Hürter, Johannes (Hrsg.), Terrorismusbekämpfung in …”

Die liberale Antwort: Über den innenpolitischen Entscheidungsprozess S. 107-175

„… , siehe Donald Neff, An Updated List of Vetoes Cast by the United States to Shield Israel from Criticism …” „… States Senate, Constitution of the United States, Washington D.C. 1992. 475 Die Idee, den Kongress …” „… USA entwickelte. Vgl. Robert O. Freedman, Israel and the United States, in: Robert O. Freedman (Hrsg …”

Die realistische Antwort: Sachzwänge des Sicherheitsdilemmas S. 176-205

„… United States, Center for a New American Security, Washington D.C., Oktober 2015, S. 69. 788 Auch …” „… abandoned by the United States in the aftermath of a deal, they may begin acting more independently and …” „… face a United States that does not unquestionably support them in every circumstance.«844 Eine …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845287195

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