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Elisa Hoven, Thomas Weigend - Consent and Sexual Offenses

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Elisa Hoven (ed.), Thomas Weigend (ed.)

Consent and Sexual Offenses

Series: Sexualität in Recht und Gesellschaft

Volume 3 2022

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Linnea Wegerstad Sweden S. 251-270

„… SwedenLinnea WegerstadBackgroundGeneral attitude in society toward sexual relationsIn Swedish …” „… , 'Support to battered women in Sweden. Non-profits and public authorities collaborating, counteracting and …” „… Sweden', 9 BJCLCJ 61, 62 (2021).251While reporting rape to the police is strongly encouraged in official …”

Linnea Wegerstad Sense and Caution. A Comparative Perspective on Sweden’s Negligent Rape Law S. 119-126

„… Sense and Caution. A Comparative Perspective on Sweden’s Negligent Rape LawLinnea …” „… steps’ provision in Canada – other countries, like Sweden, have introduced negligence as a sufficient …” „… in Sweden as one instance of a trend: a move in sex crimes law towards introducing a duty of …”

Thomas Weigend, Elisa Hoven Synopsis S. 327-346

„… Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United States of America. Australia and the U.S …” „… variously defined as sexual integrity, sexual autonomy, or a combination of both (Austria, Sweden). It is …” „… , Sweden, Switzerland). If a legally protected interest implies the individual’s right to dispose of II.7 …”

Wojciech Jasiński Defining Rape. In Quest of the Optimal Solution S. 11-24

„… , Austria, England and Wales, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the USA in the scope of …” „… , Poland, Sweden); others differentiate among types of penetration (e.g., Switzerland)19. Some draw a …” „… not (e.g., Sweden).20 The classification of criminal offenses does not, however, necessarily result …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Perspective on Sweden’s Negligent Rape Law 119Linnea Wegerstad5National Reports 127Australia 129Andrew …” „… KremensSweden 251Linnea WegerstadSwitzerland 271Nora ScheideggerTurkey 285R. Barış AtladıUnited States 299Aya …”

Sebastian Mayr, Kurt Schmoller Particularized Consent and Non-Consensual Condom Removal S. 95-102

„… Sweden in this volume. Restrictions seem to exist in some Australian states, see chapter on Australia. By …” „… extension of the sexual act. In Sweden, for example, it is argued that consent to a new sexual act may …” „… would have to apply, however, B.I.14 Chapter on Poland. in this volume.15 Chapter on Sweden, in this …”

Karolina Kremens Regulating Expression of Consent in Sexual Relations S. 43-56

„… good example is Sweden, which just recently replaced the original definition of rape focusing on …” „… this project, namely: Australia, Austria, England and Wales, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden …” „… states in that regard (Australia, US, England and Wales, and Sweden), through those standing somewhere in …”

Nora Scheidegger Of Nagging and Guilt-Tripping. Lack of Consent in One’s Own Activities? S. 83-94

„… scholarship and practice is a phenomenon for which in Sweden the term “nagging sex” (“tjatsex”) has been …” „… Communication and the New Definition of Rape in Sweden, 22 German Law Journal 734, 745 (2021).6 See e.g., Tomas …” „… consent” standard in rape law, like Sweden, tacit or nonverbal consent to a sexual interaction is …”

Biographical Notes S. 347-350

„… since 2019 she is a senior lecturer in criminal law at Lund University, Sweden. Her central research …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748930242

Alberto De Franceschi, Reiner Schulze - Harmonizing Digital Contract Law

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Alberto De Franceschi (ed.), Reiner Schulze (ed.)

Harmonizing Digital Contract Law

2023

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Jori Munukka Sweden S. 649-678

„… SwedenA. Introduction …” „… organisations. Without any EU initiative on the matter this is most unlikely to happen in Sweden.D. Delivery …” „… by January 1, 2022. Sweden was unable to meet these expectations. The implementations turned into …”

Alberto De Franceschi,, Reiner Schulze Harmonizing Digital Contract Law – an Introduction S. 1-30

„… necessary for the completion of repair or replacement.87 In other Countries (e.g. Sweden88) the consumer …” „… Slovenia, in this volume.87 Art. 82 (2) CPA-1.88 See the country report on Sweden, in this volume.89 See …” „… Directives (for some exceptions, see e.g. Cyprus123, Spain,124 Portugal,125 Romania126 and Sweden127), mostly …”

Klaus Viitanen Finland S. 229-248

„… regulated by separate acts. In Sweden the sale of goods was regulated in year 1734 by the Commercial Book …” „… discovered the defect. This means that 15 Also Sweden has adopted the same rule in their general sales law …” „… based on fixed time limits. In this question the Finnish system differs also from Sweden, where the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625Sweden …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748941415

Thomas Fischer - Neutral Power in the CSCE

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Thomas Fischer

Neutral Power in the CSCE

Series: Wiener Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 12 2009

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Sweden S. 40-45

„… location of the country on the outskirts of Western Europe, bordering the Iron Curtain.51Sweden Sweden’s …” „… unilateral declaration, and a longstanding practice of such a policy. Sweden has always been careful to avoid …” „… century, Sweden was one of Europe’s leading powers. Finland was an integral part of Sweden, and the …”

Sweden S. 69-71

„… political means under the label of “active neutrality”. Sweden In Sweden, as in Austria, a Social Democratic …” „… international détente, Sweden practised a rather prudent low-key foreign policy towards states directly involved …” „… ., 66. 150 Malmborg, Neutrality and State-Building in Sweden, 159f. 151 Leatherman, Engaging East and …”

Sweden S. 135-138

„… substance of the talks and almost render superfluous the conference proper.425Sweden Until 1972 …” „… , preparations in Sweden for the European security conference can be characterized as rather passive compared to …” „… Sweden most at the time but rather the concerns of the UN.428 This preoccupation with global rather than …”

Austria S. 36-40

„… . Austria Whereas in Switzerland and, as we shall see, in Sweden, neutrality developed as a long process …” „… Status Similar To and Different from Sweden’s ‘Not-Alignment’.” In Bo Huldt (ed.). Neutrals in Europe …” „… Switzerland, Sweden, and later Finland, signed in 1972. To further compensate for the lack of possibilities …”

Summary and Conclusions S. 357-376

„… , Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland, together with non-aligned Yugoslavia, Cyprus, Malta, and the two …” „… states under specific scrutiny here (Austria, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia) varied quite …” „… Switzerland and Sweden was deeply anchored at the national and international levels long before the beginning …”

Five Times Neutral and Non-Aligned S. 54-55

„… Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, and Finland followed the path of developed and market-oriented industrial …” „… international law) of Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, and Finland referred to a code of international law …” „… undertaking (Austria). The de facto permanent neutralities of Sweden and Finland, by contrast, were the …”

Finland S. 71-73

„… intermediary between East and West (like Kreisky). The possibilities for Sweden to take on that role had …” „… positions on international issues.159 Consequently, Sweden’s interest in multilateral détente in Europe – at …” „… Swedish notion of an “active policy of neutrality”, see Malmborg, Neutrality and State-Building in Sweden …”

Switzerland S. 128-135

„… , Sweden, Finland and Austria, had been the first to learn about the details of the proposal. Yet reaction …” „… . The only neutral state that seriously considered co-sponsoring the SRPD proposal was Sweden. The …” „… Swedes had been friendly to the idea from the beginning and were basically prepared to co-sponsor.401 Yet …”

Performance of the Neutral and Non-Aligned States S. 169-173

„… Ministry in Berne stated that the cooperation between the neutrals Switzerland, Austria, and Sweden at the …” „… , so far had played a rather unassuming role in Helsinki. Instead, Sweden, who had taken a reluctant …” „… attitude was “rather dry and droughty”556 and closer to the Western position, the Swedes had chosen a more …”

Finland Joins in the Neutral Consultations S. 226-228

„… that the three neutrals Switzerland, Sweden, and Austria had assumed on a regular basis in the informal …” „… 29-31 August that the Swedes will prove less robust than in Helsinki;790 and the fact that the Finns are …” „… encourage the neutrals in this direction.791So far, states such as Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland had …”

Bibliography S. 379-392

„… 2006. Sweden: Axel Edelstam, by email, 10 July 2006; Kaj Falkman, Stockholm, 31 July 2006. Switzerland …” „… Articles af Malmborg, Mikael. Neutrality and State-Building in Sweden. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave …” „… : Almquist & Wiksett, 1967. Andrén, Nils. “The Neutrality of Sweden.” In Karl E. Birnbaum and Hanspeter …”

Neutral and Non-Aligned Reactions to the Finnish CSCE Memorandum S. 100-111

„… among Finland, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Iceland. See Dänische Antwort auf das finnische Memorandum …” „… Ministry had a somewhat more positive response to the Finnish memorandum. The Swedes first heard of a …” „… states participated. Sweden, he continued, had always advocated broader consultations on the subject …”

Assuming Responsibility as Coordinators of Basket III S. 240-243

„… Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland on promoting conditions for the increase of sales on foreign markets …” „… submitted by the Delegations of Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland, Draft resolution concerning the promotion …” „… states Austria and Sweden, while the other two items would be coordinated by a Western country (France …”

The Role of a Neutral/Non-Aligned State and Possible Forms of Cooperation S. 141-150

„… the task of the neutrals to induce the West into one-sided agreements with the East.460The Swedes …” „… Swedes were basically satisfied with maintaining close bilateral contacts between the neutral states on …” „… too active and ambitious a role”462 at the conference. The Swedes, like the Swiss, saw no particular …”

The Swiss-Austrian Quarrel over Neutrality S. 254-263

„… Sweden and Finland, lent it strong rhetorical support, but were not inclined to be identified as …” „… and Sweden, as well as Italy commented favourably on this new proposal, but were careful to remind the …” „… initiative would have required a further coordination with Sweden on the matter, which raised additional …”

Neutral and Non-Aligned Agenda Proposals S. 177-181

„… three neutrals Sweden, Switzerland, and Austria held a separate meeting – apart from their regular …” „… brief meeting on 16 January, Switzerland, Sweden, and Austria entered their names first on the list of …” „… security. Finally, Sweden introduced a document on the military aspects of security, proposing a separate …”

Growing Mutual Respect and Understanding S. 343-347

„… . For Sweden, however, the CSCE meant first and foremost a “Europeanization” of their traditional …” „… regarded themselves as “the only ‘real’ neutrals”,whereas Austria, Finland, and Sweden were seen as …” „… and the Swedes in the CSCE in order to strengthen international credibility of their own neutrality …”

Introduction S. 17-28

„… elaborated by the Swiss delegation to the Multilateral Preparatory Talks in Helsinki. The Swedes and the …” „… , Sweden, and Switzerland. When negotiations in summer 1974 stalled over Basket III, the neutral and …” „… the CSCE, the four neutral states Austria, Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland, together with non-aligned …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… left in the third row, Sweden and Switzerland next to each other somewhat farther up in the hall, just …” „… ), Jaakko Iloniemi, Paavo Keisalo, Markku Reimaa (Finland), Kerstin Asp-Johnsson, Göran Berg (Sweden …” „… Switzerland 32Austria 36Sweden 40Finland 45Yugoslavia 50Five Times Neutral and Non-Aligned 54A Changing …”

Austria S. 65-69

„… had never quite been up to the standard of its neutral companions, Sweden and Switzerland. 132 The …” „… of “active neutrality”. Sweden In Sweden, as in Austria, a Social Democratic government was mainly …” „… , Sweden practised a rather prudent low-key foreign policy towards states directly involved in the …”

Other Military Aspects of Security S. 191-193

„… of April 1973. On 15 March Sweden presented a document prepared in the mini-group which proposed that …” „… Soviet Union, and France to this demand, on 28 March the Austrian delegation followed up Sweden’s …” „… step forward on the matter. The Swedes, who actually called for the CSCE to establish certain …”

Finland S. 45-50

„… , and such is the history of its neutrality.77 As with Sweden, neutrality was never based on a legally …” „… discussion. Finland also was able to use the League to settle its outstanding conflict with Sweden over the …” „… union with Sweden, but the neighbour refused after German and Soviet opposition. Häikiö, “Finland’s …”

Bilateral Superpower Détente S. 55-60

„… facto permanent neutralities of Sweden and Finland, by contrast, were the result of political decisions …” „… profile between East and West. The neutrality of Sweden and Finland was developed within a sub-regional …” „… independence, whereas in neighbouring Sweden, the main function of neutrality was maintaining a Nordic balance …”

Presentation of Neutral and Non-Aligned Proposals in Basket I S. 228-238

„… are shared to some extent by the Austrians and the Swedes, while Malta and Cyprus have their own …” „… Mediterranean slant on the problem. Even the Spanish claim to feel directly involved.793The Swedes were likely …” „… welcome in the West than did the Yugoslav demands.828Sweden followed up on 25 October with their proposal …”

Austria under Soviet Pressure S. 86-89

„… , but considering the current situation with approaching elections in Sweden, he did not think …” „… Switzerland and Sweden, with their long-standing and widely respected policy of neutrality, and their …” „… Switzerland 213 Ibid. 214 Ibid. 87and Sweden, applied for an associated member status within the European …”

Neutral and Non-aligned Cooperation at the MPT S. 216-218

„… of the year 1973. The role assumed by the three neutrals Sweden, Austria, and Switzerland as …” „… gave sympathy and support to Western positions: The Austrians, Swedes and Swiss worked closely together …” „… three neutrals Austria, Sweden, Switzerland (and if possible also with Yugoslavia) before the second …”

Switzerland S. 32-36

„… (Portugal, Sweden, and Spain) signed the Declaration later. 30 Cited in Davidson, The Role of the …” „… . Austria Whereas in Switzerland and, as we shall see, in Sweden, neutrality developed as a long process …” „… Status Similar To and Different from Sweden’s ‘Not-Alignment’.” In Bo Huldt (ed.). Neutrals in Europe …”

Continued High-Level Contacts among the Neutrals S. 293-297

„… the neutral secretaries general (Åström from Sweden, Töttermann from Finland, Haymerle from Austria …” „… of the CSCE documents. The Swedes and the Finns agreed to call for such a meeting of the neutrals at …” „… their own project on peaceful settlement (SRPD).1106 In addition, the Swedes suggested discussing …”

No N+N Cooperation in Basket II S. 238-240

„… Switzerland and Sweden in trade with the East, were more active in the second committee than the other two …” „… in standards and trade, and by Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland on promoting conditions for the …” „… , Committee II, D. Sub-Committee 3, Proposal submitted by the Delegations of Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland …”

Yugoslavia S. 50-54

„… was larger than that of Sweden, Finland, and Switzerland combined. The number of men in its armed …” „… favourable trade conditions.110 After the Second World War, whereas Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, and Finland …” „… (either de facto or under international law) of Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, and Finland referred to a …”

Helsinki-Geneva-Helsinki: Deciding on the Venue of the Conference S. 201-216

„… end, the mandate on the military aspects of security was certainly not what the neutral states Sweden …” „… Foreign Ministry were safeguarded in discussions on the venue for the conference. That the Swedes now …” „… Foreign Ministry knew that Ryding had recently told his Swiss colleague Campiche in Helsinki that Sweden …”

The N+N Package Deal S. 278-293

„… of concessions from the East in Basket III,1065 and the Swedes insisted on the inclusion of an …” „… Minister Sorsa complaining to his Swedish counterpart Palme that the Swedes were adopting an uncooperative …” „… Austrian delegate Ceska. Sweden did not want to be fully identified with the proposal at the time, as it …”

Reactions to the Neutral and Non-Aligned Proposals on Security Matters S. 181-185

„… MBFR sought by Sweden, Austria, and Yugoslavia. Mendelevich believed that the most Moscow would be …” „… January only proved detrimental. The next day, Switzerland, Sweden, and Austria defended their proposals …” „… once again played an active part in the proceedings. The Swiss, the Swedes and Austrians consult …”

The Soviet Njet to the Swiss SRPD Project S. 250-254

„… cases. However, only Austria, Sweden, and Canada responded positively in their statements to these …” „… Austria and to a lesser degree Sweden and Finland, lent it strong rhetorical support, but were not …” „… consultation with the other neutrals. Austria and Sweden, as well as Italy commented favourably on this new …”

Prelude to the N+N: The “Group of Nine” S. 76-82

„… Romania), two Western states (Belgium and Denmark), three neutrals (Austria, Finland, and Sweden),185 and …” „… , Finland and Sweden, made use of their engagement in the Group of Nine to promote negotiations on …” „… Finland’s own national interest.194Sweden viewed the Group of Nine’s efforts also as part of broader …”

The Mandate on Military Aspects of Security – Disarmament and CBM S. 200-201

„… April the Swedes had injected the discussion on disarmament and CSCE with a paper invoking three points …” „… of security was certainly not what the neutral states Sweden and Austria, with their demand to …”

The Declaration of Principles and Basket III S. 193-198

„… state sovereignty and individual human rights took place. On 28 April the Swedes brought up the …” „… . The committee shall also consider to what 195 and the Swedes welcomed the revised paper as a good …” „… rights of states and the rights of individuals”. The Swedes supported the Yugoslav amendment, but …”

A Swedish Proposal to Break the Negotiation Impasse S. 273-278

„… satisfactory with the Finns responding to Eastern pressure and the Swedes (and to a lesser extent the Austrians …” „… cautioned that such an initiative usually led to spectacular failure. Ambassador Hichens-Bergström of Sweden …” „… next programme”.1023 Sweden in fact saw reason enough for an adequate summer break, which would also …”

The Bucharest Appeal of 1966 on the Neutral States S. 84-86

„… current situation with approaching elections in Sweden, he did not think Stockholm was ready to pick up …” „… reason to anticipate a further move by the Soviets in their direction. For Switzerland and Sweden, with …”

The Austrian Middle East Proposal – First to Fail S. 189-191

„… , Sweden, and Switzerland, together with non-aligned Yugoslavia, played a prominent role by performing …” „… recommendations of the Dipoli consultations at the end of April 1973. On 15 March Sweden presented a document …”

A Special Body for the Swiss Proposal on a System for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes S. 198-200

„… proposal at serious risk.673 The neutrals Sweden and Austria continued to support the Swiss draft of 30 …” „… Schweiz nach Helsinki, 94. 678 On 18 April the Swedes had injected the discussion on disarmament and CSCE …”

Other Reference Groups S. 354-356

„… the conference, which are described elsewhere in this study. The northern neutral states Sweden and …” „… an early stage the Nordic cooperation was also the first reference group for Sweden and Finland at …”

Opening Statements S. 162-164

„… 162 With their active involvement in the procedural debate, neutrals Switzerland, Sweden, and …” „… previous experience during the initial debate on procedure, Sweden and Switzerland were again instrumental …”

Neutral Coordinators for the Informal Minigroups S. 185-187

„… Yugoslavia, Sweden, and Austria, as well as from the Soviet Union. Despite initial resistance from the EC …” „… . Instead, the neutral states Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland were assigned the task of coordinating the …”

Neutral Caucus with a View to the Continuation of Stage II and the Follow-Up S. 243-245

„… Sweden and Finland by their heads of delegation, Ambassadors Richard Hichens-Bergström and Iloniemi …” „… might be an option. While Sweden announced its desire to reconsider these questions, Finland supported …”

Rules of Procedure S. 155-162

„… , however, supported by the neutral states Switzerland, Sweden, and Austria, that made a surprise entry …” „… . the same day, the three neutral states Switzerland, Sweden, and Austria held a meeting on the premises …” „… , Sweden, and Austria had for the first time demonstrated their ability to play an independent and …”

Yugoslavia S. 138-141

„… 138 Overall, the impression remains that of the four neutral states, Sweden was least interested in …” „… Sweden), Yugoslavia stressed the need for the security conference project not to undermine the work of …”

Technical Preparations S. 151-155

„… coordinated policy for the conference itself. This development first embraced the three neutrals Sweden …” „… Switzerland, Sweden, and Austria, that made a surprise entry, catching the Finns somewhat off guard. With …”

Operation Baskets S. 173-177

„… three neutrals Sweden, Switzerland, and Austria held a separate meeting – apart from their regular …” „… brief meeting on 16 January, Switzerland, Sweden, and Austria entered their names first on the list of …”

Drafting a First Common Proposal in the Military Sub-Committee S. 246-250

„… reached an agreement on a common text. On 20 February 1974, Ambassador Eckerberg of Sweden, on behalf of …” „… Austria, Cyprus, Finland, Switzerland, Sweden, and Yugoslavia, presented the first co-sponsored N+N …”

Negotiation Deadlock in Basket III S. 263-267

„… restrictive interpretation of the catalogue of CSCE principles.952 In late January 1974 Sweden and Finland …” „… , and Sweden attempted a way out of the impasse by inviting representatives of the Western camp and the …”

The Role of Personalities S. 330-340

„… between the two blocs of east and west, the four neutrals in the middle, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland and …” „… countries, Sweden was the only one that did not produce a similarly key figure for the CSCE negotiations …” „… question. That Sweden did not offer a personality to play a key role in the talks reflects the lower …”

Moving from Helsinki to Geneva S. 219-226

„… give”,755 the other three neutrals were more demanding in their outlooks. Sweden, anxious to prevent …” „… strengthen the connection between security and disarmament in Europe. As Wickman pointed out, Sweden did …”

N+N Discussions on a Yugoslav Follow-Up Proposal S. 267-273

„… day the neutral delegations Sweden, Austria, Switzerland, and Finland basically stated their support …” „… Finland towards considering the Yugoslav ideas, in contrast to the more reserved approach by Sweden and …”

Appendix: List of Key N+N Delegation Members S. 377-378

„… Delegation Geneva) Sweden Göran Ryding (Head of Delegation Helsinki) Richard Hichens-Bergström (Head of …”

The N+N at the Helsinki Summit (30 July – 1 August 1975) S. 317-324

„… conveyed similar words. He stressed that “for Sweden there [was] no alternative to the politics of détente …” „… document of the CSCE, he regretted that other proposals promoted by Sweden to build confidence and reduce …”

Dispute on the Christmas Break S. 164-165

„… during the initial debate on procedure, Sweden and Switzerland were again instrumental in finding a …”

Ralph Enckell’s Mission (and the Second Finnish Memorandum) S. 111-120

„… (including Sweden, which had not been separately enlisted in the initial round of Enckell’s mission), as well …” „… Enckell’s talks in Sweden and Switzerland in UMA, 7 B, Kansio 9: Muistiinpano suurlähettiläs Enckellin …”

Austria S. 120-128

„… up to the standard of its neutral companions Sweden and Switzerland, and considering the limits …” „… neutral states Sweden, Finland, and Switzerland.364 By that time, the Warsaw Pact had voiced initial …”

Final Deals on Basket III and the Follow-Up S. 307-316

„… progress of the working group on the follow-up. The Swedes and the Finns had previously tried to break up …” „… non-aligned concerns, and joined the Nordic neutrals Sweden and Finland who had never displayed much interest …”

A Breakthrough on CBM Parameters S. 297-307

„… formulation was very much in line with the N+N positions on military aspects, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria …” „… 16 May, on behalf of Austria, Cyprus, Sweden, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia,1142 Finland introduced a …”

Organization of the Work S. 165-167

„… to be considered. The Swiss statement was backed up by Sweden once again, and then by Malta.538 There …”

The Catalogue of Principles S. 187-189

„… during February and March 1973, the three neutrals Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland, together with …”

Early Discussions on the Venue of the Conference S. 167-169

„… neutrals Switzerland, Austria, and Sweden at the Dipoli consultations had taken another direction 549 …”

Basic Terms S. 29-32

„… followed by international recognition. By contrast, Sweden and Finland’s neutral status is devoid of any …”

The Principle of Equal Participation and the Rule of Consensus S. 324-327

„… , Sweden, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia had originally envisaged the role of negotiators primarily for …”

East-West Polarization and the N+N Dual Role Strategy S. 327-330

„… neutral and non-aligned states Austria, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland, and Yugoslavia had originally …”

Making Their Own Instructions S. 340-343

„… whole situation was less sensitive for Sweden than for Finland: “It was rather a continuous dialogue …”

The Inclusion of the Mediterranean Small States and European Microstates in the N+N Group S. 351-354

„… , which are described elsewhere in this study. The northern neutral states Sweden and Finland, however …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845217703

Claus Kreß, Bruce Broomhall, Flavia Lattanzi, Valeria Santori - The rome statute and domestic Vol.II

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Claus Kreß (ed.), Bruce Broomhall (ed.), Flavia Lattanzi (ed.), Valeria Santori (ed.)

The rome statute and domestic Vol.II

2006

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Håkan Friman SWEDEN S. 410-453

„… HAKAN FRlMAN* SWEDEN I. The Ratification and Implementation Process 1. Ratification and …” „… Implementation in Sweden Immediately after the 1998 Rome Conference and Sweden's signature of the Rome Statute of …” „… . Furthermore, Sweden traditionally adheres to the dualistic principle regarding international treaties …”

Claus Kreb, Bruce Broomhall IMPLEMENTING COOPERATION DUTIES UNDER THE ROME STATUTE-, A COMPARATIVE SYNTHESIS S. 544-577

„… Sweden, the international admissibility ruling will lead to the discontinuation of national proceedings …” „… . It follows that Sweden does not consider the international proceedings to be a continuation of the …” „… Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland) have opted for a transformation of the international …”

Helen Duffy OVERVIEW OF CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES AND RECENT STATE PRACTICE S. 525-543

„… , ConsultlICC (2001) 18 of 13 luly 2001. See FRIMAN, Sweden, supra, in this volume, and the Norwegian …” „… See, e.g., FRIMAN, Sweden, supra, in this volume: "[d)ue to the principle of complementarity, such a …” „… conflict of norms can only occur if Sweden is either unwilling or unable to deal with the case itself …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-25

„… Maqungo), Spain (Hector Oläsolo), Sweden (Hakan Friman), Switzerland (Jürg Lindemann and Olivier Thormann …” „… 379 Conclusion 379 HAKAN FRIMAN SWEDEN I. The Ratification and Implementation Process 381 1 …” „… . Ratification and lmplementation in Sweden 381 2. A Memorandum - The First Draft 381 3. A Fast-Tracked …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258607

Dieter Nohlen, Philip Stöver - Elections in Europe

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Dieter Nohlen (ed.), Philip Stöver (ed.)

Elections in Europe

2010

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Anders Widfeldt Sweden S. 1841-1878

„… SWEDEN by Anders Widfeldt 1. Introduction 1.1 Historical Overview Sweden is one of the oldest …” „… in what now is Sweden can be traced back to before 10,000 BC, but little is known about the …” „… Norwegians and Danes, with Swedes playing a relatively minor role. Christianity started to make inroads in …”

Dieter Nohlen, Philip Stöver Elections in Europe S. 69-124

„… Sweden Unicameral – 349 4 25,874 Switzerland Bicameral Direct 200 / 46 4 / 4 37,295 Ukraine Unicameral …” „… ; Sweden, 1974; Croatia, 3 The Lords Spiritual, who, as clergymen of …” „… : Andorra, Belgium, Denmark, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Dieter Nohlen)....................................... 1803 Sweden (Anders Widfeldt …” „… degree at Göteborg University in Sweden, his research has focused on party membership, party …” „… People? Party Membership in Sweden 1960–1997 (1999), ‘Elite Collusion and Public Defiance. Sweden’s Euro …”

Dag Anckar, Carsten Anckar Finland S. 593-638

„… century Finland was an integral part of Sweden, and its inhabitants shared the right to participate in …” „… the exercise of state power with the inhabitants of Sweden. A shift in the development towards …” „… autonomy took place when Sweden ceded Finland to Russia as a consequence of the Finnish War from 1808 to …”

Charlotte Larsen Cadoret Norway S. 1421-1470

„… call for a constitutional assembly. Although soon forced into union with Sweden, Norway managed to …” „… the dissolution of the union with Sweden in 1905. As the king refused to sanction a law on separate …” „… union with Sweden was broken in 1905. At the beginning of the 20th century a cultural conflict …”

Ólafur Th. Hardarson, Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson Iceland S. 947-986

„… , and established his rule through the Old Treaty. In the late 14th century, Denmark, Sweden and Norway …” „… the towns. Class voting was in all likelihood weaker in Iceland than in Britain, Norway and Sweden …”

Jørgen Elklit Denmark S. 501-564

„… Sweden earlier in the 1950s where the ruling Swedish Social Democrats were looking for a mechanism to …” „… over-represen- Denmark 507 tation of the Social Democrats, problems considered particularly important in Sweden …”

Antonis Pantelis, Stephanos Koutsoubinas, George Gerapetritis Greece S. 807-872

Dieter Nohlen Elections and Electoral Systems S. 1-68

„… example, Spain), the national level (as in Germany), or at both levels (as in Sweden). (b) The stage of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845223414

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