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Till Blume

Framing Peace

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Politik

Volume 179 2011

Results in this title

Methods and Peace Operations S. 79-80

„… Tracing Framing in Peace Operations: Methods and CaseSelectionMethods and Peace OperationsAs in …” „… many areas of social sciences, data for peace operations are unsystematic,complex, and difficult to …” „… peace operations, these problemsincrease due to difficult access to post-conflict areas, security …”

Peace Operations: Independent Variables S. 62-68

„… independent variablesfor explaining the selection of frames by peace operations.Periods of crisis – which can …” „… operations,cooperation agreements between the various components of the peace operationand the willingness to employ the …” „… Peace OperationsIn an exploratory study (for details see 3.4.2.3), I have identified six …”

Framing and Peace Operations S. 34-42

„… operations.Setting the Context: Actors, Levels, and Events in UN Peace OperationsUN Peace Operations as …” „… information and political communication in peace operations.In Chapter 2, I review literature on framing …” „… Sciences and Peace OperationsIn political science research, there are three broad fields with relevance for …”

UN Peace Operations as Organizations S. 42-44

„… a special outlook on public information structuresin UN peace operations.Setting the Context: Actors …” „… , Levels, and Events in UN Peace OperationsUN Peace Operations as OrganizationsIn the field, peace …” „… shed a brief look into the structures and different environments of UN peace operations.The complex …”

Environments of UN Peace Operations S. 47-52

„… are different environments that influence peace operations.Environments of UN Peace OperationsThe …” „… factors that influence UN peace operations reside on different levels (compareFigure 3 below): the local …” „… level, the intra-organizational level, and the internationallevel. While peace operations as …”

Public Information Offices (PIO) in Peace Operations S. 44-47

„… organizational structure of contemporary peace operationsshows the internal organization of peace operations. The …” „… technicaldepartment for public information.Public Information Offices (PIO) in Peace OperationsThe Department of …” „… factors of organization, there are different environments that influence peace operations.Environments of …”

The Context: Peace Operations in the Field S. 61-62

„… explaining the selection of frames by peace operations.Periods of crisis – which can be similar to what is …” „… chosen by peace operations in different kinds of critical situations.Organizational Framing and Frame …” „… Selection in Peace Operations. Towardsa ModelThis section discusses the contexts and situations peace …”

Frames as Dependent Variables – Prototypical Frames in Peace Operations S. 68-72

„… Variables – Prototypical Frames in Peace OperationsIn an exploratory study (for details see 3.4.2.3), I have …” „… and Expected Resonance in UN Peace OperationsFrames Expected ResonanceCountering rumoursContain …” „… the two groups and master frames.71Table 5: Groups of Frames in UN Peace OperationsGroup …”

First Step: Hypothesizing Frame Selection Mechanisms in Peace Operations S. 87-91

„… step.First Step: Hypothesizing Frame Selection Mechanisms in Peace OperationsBefore starting the empirical …” „… 8.Table 8: Groups of Frames in UN Peace OperationsGroup FramesCounterframes Countering …” „… VariablesThe ability of peace operations to design, choose and implement frames is influenced by four …”

Summing Up: Hypotheses and Independent Variables for Frame Selection in UN Peace Operations S. 77-78

„… priorities.Summing Up: Hypotheses and Independent Variables for Frame Selection inUN Peace OperationsIn this section …” „… operation’s resources, thenthe peace operation will select frames according to bureaucratic considerations,not …” „… , I have laid out the theoretical framework for researching frameselection in UN peace operations …”

From ‘Security First’ to Development: The Different Phases of Peace Operations S. 340-342

„… section show that frame selection does play an important role in peace operations’ responses in the local …” „… peace operations. However, in certain situations and under certain circumstances the cases presented …” „… showed that the course of a peace operation and itsorganizational framing could be successfully oriented …”

Organizational Framing and Strategic Peacebuilding S. 27-34

„… Secretariat in New York (DP-KO), that steers and supervises UN peace operations.Therefore, organizational …” „… peace operations.In Chapter 2, I review literature on framing research, on which basis I …” „… well as public security and police reforms.Political Sciences and Peace OperationsIn political science …”

The Two Main Hypotheses S. 335-338

„… results with regard to framing and frames in peace operations.Testing Hypotheses on Framing and Peace …” „… recent research on public information in peace operations,which argues that local perceptions and …” „… by UN peace operations.Kind of PeriodI argued that peace operations have different response patterns …”

Implications for Peacekeeping Research: Sketching an Agenda for further Research S. 347-376

„… My book represents the first application of frame theory to UN peace operations’strategies on the …” „… projects on peace operationsas organizations. On top, research on public information in peace operations …” „… , Annika S. (2002): From Congo to Kosovo: Civilian Police in Peace Operations.London, Oxford University …”

Bureaucratic Efficiency as Alternative Main Hypothesis S. 74-77

„… organizational part of peace operations?The argument developed above states that bureaucracy hinders the …” „… : Hypotheses and Independent Variables for Frame Selection inUN Peace OperationsIn this section, I have laid …” „… introduces a further independent variable forframe selection: bureaucratic efficiency. Peace operations …”

Liberia: Rebuilding a Failed State S. 331-334

„… Framing Peace. Organizational Framing in UN Peace OperationsThe research in this book was directed …” „… in ThreePeace OperationsWhen looking at the case studies of this book (see Table 59), it becomes …” „… towards the question of whether peace operations use frames resonating with local expectations if their …”

Data S. 97-100

„… necessary,I found out more about the framing processes by looking at the peace operation’spress releases and …” „… peace operations.First, all peace operations were categorized into traditional peace …” „… operations,transformational peace operations, integrated peace operations, and executivepeace operations (see the list in …”

Theoretical Considerations: Framing Theory, Frame Selection and Organizational Framing S. 345-347

„… peace operations.Peacekeeping research will – despite recent advances – require further embedded …” „… frames.For the different peace operations, there were different frequencies of framesavailable: Most press …” „… framing of UN peace operations in their local contexts. The resultsof my research have some interesting …”

Framing and Organizational Framing S. 53-54

„… frames by UN peace operations.I conceptualize frames as one major component of public information, as …” „… behaviour of peace operations.This chapter seeks to construct a theoretical framework based on the …” „… Organizational Framing in UN Peace Operations: Theory,Concepts, and HypothesesFraming and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… BlumeFraming PeacePublic Information and Security in UN Peace OperationsNomosBUT_Blume_6873-1.indd 3 27.09.11 …” „… Sciences and Peace Operations1.2 34Framing and Peace Operations1.2.1 41Setting the Context: Actors, Levels …” „… , and Events in UN PeaceOperations1.342UN Peace Operations as Organizations1.3.1 42Public Information …”

Kind of Period S. 338-339

„… operations.Kind of PeriodI argued that peace operations have different response patterns in different kindsof …” „… planning and implementationof peace operations – the case studies in this project have shown that attempts …” „… toinclude local perspectives into the implementation of peace operations remainscarce and scattered …”

Hypotheses S. 72-74

„… Table 5: Groups of Frames in UN Peace OperationsGroup FramesCounterframes Countering …” „… formulate hypotheses for the selectionof frames by peace operations. The two groups delineated in the …” „… peace operations are in a crisis situation, they are more likely to choosecounterframes.Certainly, this …”

Case Selection S. 100-102

„… used on the population of all UN peace operations.First, all peace operations were categorized into …” „… traditional peace operations,transformational peace operations, integrated peace operations, and …” „… different peace operations,covering eleven sub-case studies. From a structural point of view, all chapters …”

Fourth Step: Structured and Focused Comparison of Hypotheses and Frame Selection S. 94-97

„… at the peace operation’spress releases and other public appearances, such as radio broadcastings.60 …” „… presence of the peace operation).Table 11: Merging FramesPrototypical Frames Frames in UNMIK, 2007 …” „… of how and when certain theoretical oranalytical concepts, such as framing in peace operations, work …”

Framing Peace and Security in Liberia S. 329-330

„… 2006, he stressedthat one of the main challenges of UN peace operations is the management …” „… . With regard to the impactof peace operations on local conditions, UNMIL ranges among the cases that …” „… of peace operations, but also that framing can succeedin any phase of peace operations. Bureaucratic …”

Kosovo S. 334-335

„… to general results with regard to framing and frames in peace operations.Testing Hypotheses on …” „… Framing and Peace OperationsIn Chapter 2, I developed a set of eight hypotheses with regard to framing …” „… task for UN peace operations of7.1.2334running an entire country, responses to local expectations and …”

Bosnia-Herzegovina S. 335

„… results with regard to framing and frames in peace operations.Testing Hypotheses on Framing and Peace …” „… detail, they refer to the impact different situational factors on theability of peace operations to …” „… – can neither be confirmednor rejected. This means that from a global view peace operations chose …”

Towards Consolidation: Frame Selection in 2006/2007 S. 312-321

„… sense of ownership to their operations.LNP was also lauded – framed as progress - for “a lot of …” „… significant disruptions to the peace process in general are dealt with firmly and resolutely and Ithink we are …” „… disruptions to theinauguration, and the peace process in general. No serious threat existed, and UN-MIL was …”

List of Acronyms S. 23-26

„… Concept of OperationsCPA Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement (Liberia)CST County Support Teams (UNMIL)DDRR …” „… Information Office (in UN peace operations)PISG Provisional Institutions of Self-Governance (Kosovo)PR Press …” „… Civil-Military CooperationCIVPOL Civilian Police (old term for police components in UNpeace operations)CONOPS …”

From Deployment to DDRR: Press Briefings and Frames S. 269-274

„… and monitor theimplementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and investigate violationsof the …” „… their responsibility for taking the quest for peace andwelfare of their country. He strongly warned …” „… spoilers of all kinds not to disrupt thenascent peace process. Later that day, the first incident occurred …”

Second Step: Tracing Frames in the Empirical Material S. 91-92

„… frames as depicted in Table 8.Table 8: Groups of Frames in UN Peace OperationsGroup FramesCounterframes …” „… typically selected by peace operations. Furthermore, I combined the frames intolarger clusters of …” „… laid out in Chapter 2. An excerpt of Table 4 is shown belowin Table 9.Table 9: Frames in UN Peace …”

Four Steps S. 85-87

„… strategicframe selection by peace operations.Looking for processes is easier when a set of variables and scope …” „… furtheron each step.First Step: Hypothesizing Frame Selection Mechanisms in Peace OperationsBefore starting …” „… material.3.485Four StepsIn order to trace framing processes in peace operations across various cases, I …”

Assessment of Framing and Hypotheses S. 156-161

„… efficiency had an impact on the functioningof peace operations and the definition of priorities. Frame …” „… conclusion I argue that peace operations with a difficult and low rate ofacceptance – as was the case with …” „… becomes clearthat progress seems to be the more plausible frame for finalizing peace operationsthan …”

Independent Variables S. 112-117

„… peace operations,such as UNMIK.Due to his determination and leadership, Peter Fitzgerald was also able …” „… whole operation suffered fromthe impression of lawlessness, leading to a huge loss of credibility of …” „… any larger operation (Hansen 2003:73-78). While the transfer of the Bosnian-Serb Sarajevo suburbs to …”

Independent Variables S. 238-240

„… plays a role especiallyin peace operations in Europe due to the close linkages with European …” „… operation of the UN and the generally high level of crime in Kosovo – is that securitypolicies were …” „… international operationsthere. But in 2005, the general acceptance of UNMIK as well as the politicalprospectus …”

Generalization in Process Tracing S. 84-85

„… on the conditions that enable or disable strategicframe selection by peace operations.Looking for …”

Summing Up: Testing Hypotheses of Framing Peace S. 339-340

„… Context CredibilityThe results are similar for the context credibility of a peace operation. H2a …” „… incrisis situations seem to be an important tool of peace operations to respond to localriots and political …” „… crises. Similarly, peace operations employ less strong programmatic and normative frames when context …”

What are Frames? S. 54-56

„… how peace operations attempt to maintain credibility despite thefact that they often lack critical …” „… , reads as follows:If situational challenges surpass the peace operation’s resources, then the …” „… theselection of frames as the dependent variable. Frames are chosen by peace operations according to their …”

Context Credibility S. 339

„… Context CredibilityThe results are similar for the context credibility of a peace operation. H2a …” „… incrisis situations seem to be an important tool of peace operations to respond to localriots and political …” „… crises. Similarly, peace operations employ less strong programmatic and normative frames when context …”

Security Policies S. 339

„… Context CredibilityThe results are similar for the context credibility of a peace operation. H2a …” „… incrisis situations seem to be an important tool of peace operations to respond to localriots and political …” „… crises. Similarly, peace operations employ less strong programmatic and normative frames when context …”

Assessing Hypotheses for UNMIBH S. 163-168

„… indicatesthat programmatic and normative frames play a larger role in peace operations inthe development phases …” „… peace operations, did hardlyplay any role in UNMIBH’s public information strategies. I therefore …” „… happen for peace operations in periods in which contextcredibility was low or shrinking. Bosnia is an …”

Organizational Framing: Strategy and Design S. 58-61

„… , peace operations – select certainframes in certain situations. I define situations by referring to the …” „… windows of opportunity(1984). The term has already been conceptualized for peace operations, with a focus …” „… researching and explainingwhich frames are chosen by peace operations in different kinds of critical …”

Personality in Peacekeeping: The Role of Leadership S. 342-343

„… influenceon bureaucratic efficiency of peace operations. Furthermore, it seems to also influence the variable …” „… credibility ofthe peace operations. A positive example is UNMIL: all SRSGs had high credibilityand showed …” „… Mission DesignThe three peace operations under study here had different mission designs, whichalso played …”

Independent Variables S. 261-269

„… an uneasy peace. Nevertheless, inthe days after UNMIL started a cordon and search operation in …” „… kick-start LNP operations. Additionally, UNMIL reliedon improvisation and experiences from other peace …” „… peace operation. Due to thededication of UNMIL’s leadership as well as the relatively smooth planning …”

Mission Design S. 343-344

„… Mission DesignThe three peace operations under study here had different mission designs, whichalso …” „… transitional administration, securitypolicies seem to be run more efficiently: If peace operations have no …” „… is the first attempt to trace framing processes based on qualitative datain peace operations …”

Mixing Methods: Frame Analysis and Process Tracing S. 344-345

„… based on qualitative datain peace operations. Therefore, a more exploratory method seemed to be …” „… indicates the high value of fine-grained, qualitative data on frames.For the different peace operations …” „… amplification played a role in UN peace operations, the maindeterminants seemed to be considerations of local …”

Assessing Hypotheses Across the Periods S. 328-329

„… stressedthat one of the main challenges of UN peace operations is the management ofexpectations. “And a journey …” „… impactof peace operations on local conditions, UNMIL ranges among the cases that have– despite the lack of …” „… operations, but also that framing can succeedin any phase of peace operations. Bureaucratic efficiency …”

Tables S. 19-22

„… Table 3: Events on the Local Level 65Table 4: Frames and Expected Resonance in UN Peace Operations 69 …” „… Table 5: Groups of Frames in UN Peace Operations 72Table 6: Summary of Hypotheses 78Table 7: Independent …” „… and Dependent Variables 80Table 8: Groups of Frames in UN Peace Operations 91Table 9: Frames in UN …”

Frames Over Time S. 163

„… indicatesthat programmatic and normative frames play a larger role in peace operations inthe development phases …” „… peace operations, did hardlyplay any role in UNMIBH’s public information strategies. I therefore …” „… to the fundamental research question of this thesis isthat UNMIBH – as a multidimensional peace …”

UNMIBH’s Mandate: Monitoring and Reforming Police in BiH S. 103-107

„… peace operation and the resulting bureaucratic efficiency – may have an impact on whatkind of frames …” „… Prevlaka (a small peace operation on the Prevlaka peninsula disputed between Croatia and Serbia, UNMOP),and …” „… integrated into the UN peace operation (Williams 1998: 61). However, OHR– as will be seen in the subsequent …”

UNMIBH’s Media Policy S. 110-111

„… CommanderRupert Smith that information management was a crucial part for the implementation of peace operations …” „… officer also workingon military information operations in peace operations, the first proper campaign4.487 …” „… sophisticated media environment ever to host a major international peace-building mission” (Thompson and De Luce …”

Independent Variables S. 278-284

„… facilities and staff for intelligence operations, acommon problem in UN peace operations (UNMIL Police 2004 c …” „… Towards Peace? The Monrovia Riots 2004Independent VariablesKind of PeriodSince the restart of the …” „… situation as well. EspeciallyLURD660, but also MODEL and GoL forces attempted to disrupt the peace …”

The Role of Media in Bosnia-Herzegovina S. 108-110

„… peace-building mission” (Thompson and De Luce 2002: 205). UNPROFOR, the predecessor of international operations …” „… implementation of peace operations’ mandates, and that UNPROFOR could no longer affordto be downplayed by largely …” „… priorities. According to a military staff officer also workingon military information operations in peace …”

Media in Kosovo and Public Information S. 175-177

„… spokespersons from UNMIK,OSCE, the EU, and KFOR. This is different to other peace operations, in which thepolice …” „… mandate.Inevitably, the setup phase always presents a critical period for UN peace operations.304 For security, UNMIK …” „… start-up phases of peace operations are often crucial for establishing credibilityfrom the outset (as …”

What is Framing? S. 56-58

„… Entman 1993). Therefore, a large number of the frames namedabove will be applicable to research on peace …” „… operations. Frames are normativedevices, which can stress core messages, or which provide a meaning to …” „… a target audience perceivesissues, problems, and recommendations. The speaker – in our case, a peace …”

Assessing Framing and Hypotheses S. 191-194

„… Kosovo-wide elections yield mixed results.HMain proposed that when the peace operation’s capacities are low …” „… indications that peace operations frame to-wards certain local expectations, when there is not further way of …” „… peace operations are in a crisis situation. As soon ascrisis situations normalize, counterframes are …”

Structured and Focused Comparison of Independent Variables S. 161-163

„… normative frames play a larger role in peace operations inthe development phases. The increase of the local …” „… mandate frames,originally included in the set of six model frames for peace operations, did hardlyplay any …” „… question of this thesis isthat UNMIBH – as a multidimensional peace operation with little context …”

UNMIL’s Mandate S. 256-259

„… information tool of UNMIL, however, was UNMILRadio. Key lessons learned in previous peace operations were …” „… – majorparts of international efforts towards bringing peace to Liberia. The UN forceshould furthermore support …” „… peace and security as well as counteringattempts, which could destabilize the situation through its …”

Independent Variables S. 305-312

„… country support”.772 This initiative was a new approachwithin UN peace operations to rebuild local …” „… IG of Operations, theDeputy IG of Administration, and the various commissioners were appointed inthe …” „… streamlined into departments of Training, Administration, Research andPlanning, Operations, and Crime Services …”

UNMIK between 2001 and 2005 S. 177-179

„… always presents a critical period for UN peace operations.304 For security, UNMIK largely depended on …” „… UNMIK had remained the same. Therefore, a5.2304 Although the start-up phases of peace operations are …” „… KFOR, but it was able toestablish its own operations and presence relatively quickly, especially after …”

Framing Towards Transition: Press Briefings and Frames in 2004 S. 284-289

„… high context credibility was slightly lower than in 2003,as the famous “peace dividend” took longer to …” „… strongly condemned renewed attempts by various factions to derailthe peace process, and announced that the …” „… those that[…] plan actions that would undermine the NTGL and slow down the peace andreconciliation …”

The Accra Peace Agreement 2003 S. 254-256

„… multidimensional United Nations peacekeeping operation.568 In the months preceding the Accra Peace Agreement, the …” „… little funding available for media reforms and trainingfor journalists.565The Accra Peace Agreement 2003 …” „… UNMIL was deployed after the Accra Peace Agreement, which was the first of aseries of over fourteen …”

Assessing Frames during the March Riots 2004 S. 221-224

„… reflection of thegeneral clarity of direction and strategy of a peace operation. Therefore, whileoverall …” „… what consequences thelack of political direction for peace operations can have. UNMIK was without …” „… all other operations were put to a halt.The assessment of H3b reflects the – again – mixed assessment …”

Frames Over Time S. 325-328

„… (Percentages, 2003-2007)UNMIL’s framing strategy showed clearly the main phases of a peace operation:first, a …” „… percent of all frames – a valuehardly maintained in the other peace operations under study, which could be …”

Assessing Framing and Hypotheses S. 289-293

„… way.H2b: n.a.H3a: n.a.H3b: Confirmed: The situation in October 2004 surpassed the peace opera-tion’s …” „… in the Monroviariots in 2004.Both incidents, however, showed how easy the peace process in Liberia …” „… promoting peace andsecurity as a main message to the Liberian population. In a way, this was also amessage …”

Third Step: Refining Causal Mechanisms by Iteration Between Theory and Data S. 92-94

„… presence of the peace operation).Table 11: Merging FramesPrototypical Frames Frames in UNMIK, 2007 …” „… below. The same is valid for the peace and progress frames.This increases the conceptual breadth for …” „… + MaturityCooperation CooperationMandate / International norms -Progress -+ Peace- Independence- International …”

Independent Variables S. 194-201

„… UNMIK’s presencewere taken. While it was not the first peace operation to have any kind of implementation …” „… , new peace operations. Among the municipaladministrators, many still felt that they needed to govern …” „… humanitarian aid-backed one to needing true incomes. KFOR andUNMIK were already scaling back their operations …”

Independent Variables S. 293-299

„… established in the first years of peace operations to the newchallenges arising when reorienting towards …” „… 2005.723 The NTGL was not on track concerning the implementation of the peace agreement.724 Despite this …” „… assigned to certain areas, both in operations and administration. One of the first co-location sites was …”

Assessing Framing and Hypotheses S. 274-278

„… appeals to the factionsin October and November to stop skirmishes and keep peace, as well as the …” „… to be as inclusive as possible – to counter those, whoseriously sought to derail the peace …” „… . UNMIL enjoyed a high credibility, as it was the first full-fledgedpeace operation in place since the …”

Assessment of Framing and Hypotheses S. 136-138

„… the Bonn powers shows that self-perception of peace operations has an influence on framing: The more …” „… actors made clear thatthere was no other way of continuing this peace process. There was no …”

Framing towards Ownership? S. 230-235

„… for an excellent conduct ofthe operation. In the same press briefing, the first rumours about an …” „… Kosovopolitical leaders did the same, people must maintain calm and peace and prove thatKosovo is indeed …” „… others (Lyck, ‘International Peace Enforcers’; Wood, ’Tale of Two Worlds for Kosovo Politician’).527 One …”

Critical Periods during UNMIL’s tenure S. 259-261

„… an uneasy peace. Nevertheless, inthe days after UNMIL started a cordon and search operation in …” „… areas of operation, although voluntary disarmament had already takenplace in some places and in the CPA …” „… find a modus operandi with theNTGL. The U.S. remained passive in terms of military operations: and its …”

UNMIK Police in 1999 S. 173-175

„… other peace operations, in which thepolice component’s press officers often play a marginal role, often …” „… operations: On 1 July 1999, about 35 UNMIK policeofficers were in place, of which the majority had trained …” „… functioning until well into 2000 (Caplan 2002: 70, 77): First, UNMIK Police was the firstUN police operation …”

Framing a Difficult Heritage: UNMIBH’s First Year S. 117-121

„… counter these spoilers. Fitzgerald argued that therewas strong progress on its operations, especially in …” „… relation to foot patrolling anda 24-hour scheme of operations, which effectively countered spoilers in …” „… to inform the public about its operations supportingOSCE, which was tasked with the technical …”

Independent Variables S. 124-132

„… operational level, coordination forums were created such as the Joint Elections Operations Center comprising …” „… Licensing Commission was also discussed at the Peace Implementation Council in Bonn. Despite the fact that …” „… far fromlikely, the mutual lack of trust was a realistic threat to the peace process in Bosnia,and the …”

Illustrations S. 17-18

„… Department of UNMIL (2009), A/63/734: 98. 44Figure 3: UN Peace Operations: Levels and Actors 49Figure 4: From …”

The Mandate: Resolution 1244 S. 169-173

„… administrations, see Caplan2005; Chesterman 2004; Knoll 2005; 2008). What had led to the Dayton PeaceAccords in …” „… population.There was no formal peace agreement, and the positions of the warring factionswere irreconcilable …” „… arrived to start operations: On 1 July 1999, about 35 UNMIK policeofficers were in place, of which the …”

Independent Variables S. 209-215

„… capacity in intelligence and analysis capacities” (HRW 2004), a problem not foreignto other peace …” „… operations (Chesterman 2006 a; Shetler-Jones 2008).As a first reaction after the end of the riots, a Conflict …” „… “static, inward-looking,fragmented, and routine operation“, which was also due to lack of political …”

Herding Mice: Process Tracing and Qualitative Methods S. 80-81

„… methodological steps for tracing frames in critical junctures of peace operations, with thegoal of contributing …”

Excursus: UNMIBH and Political Developments 1998-2001 S. 138-139

„… self-perception of peace operations has an influence on framing: The more UNMIBH couldbe sure of its robust powers …”

Setup of Police Forces in Bosnia-Herzegovina S. 107-108

„… componentwas integrated into the UN peace operation (Williams 1998: 61). However, OHR– as will be seen in the …”

Frames Over Time S. 240-242

„… the side of the UN peace operation. Therefore, the framesemployed are always a mirror of the relations …”

Assessing Hypotheses for UNMIK 2001-2005 S. 242-244

„… difficult as soon as peace operations take over government functions, as all failure can be directly …”

Assessment of Framing and Hypotheses S. 121-124

„… the co-operation provided to IFOR andIPTF by the local police at the local level, as well as the level …” „… challenge to theagreement and the peace, we will take force robustly if necessary.”134Assessment of Framing …”

Epilogue: UNOSEK and the Status Proposal 2007-2008 S. 244-248

„… difficult as soon as peace operations take over government functions, as all failure can be directly …”

Planning Towards Exit: Framing in 2001 S. 148-156

„… inter-ethnic Bosnian military contingent for UN peace operations.262 Police Commissioner Coeurderoy was …” „… operations of the local police forces, also for Klein’s prestigious projectof deploying the first …” „… against any person serving in a United Nationspeacekeeping operation, from a State not party to the …”

Inference in Process Tracing S. 81-84

„… junctures of peace operations, with thegoal of contributing to the discussion of process-tracing methods: 1 …”

Framing Standards in Kosovo S. 201-204

„… had difficulties explaining theefficiency of its operations in the North.384When SRSG Steiner arrived …” „… crimes and contributing to peace.396 SRSG Steiner, in a speech broadcasted via TV, appealed toall …”

Independent Variables S. 139-148

„… Police Commissioner’s Project in2000 to ensure impartial day-to-day operations by local police forces …” „… building and Inter-Police ForceCooperationThe weakest link in the regulations of the Dayton Peace Agreement …” „… , and special programs. The Special Tracking Operations Program (STOP), created in July 2000, enhanced …”

Independent Variables S. 224-230

„… for peace operations can have. UNMIK was without directions on what to do; its SRSG at the time, while …”

Assessing Frames 2004/2005 S. 235-238

„… responsibility of Kosovar leaders to maintain peace and stability, and that the implementation ofstandards would …” „… operationsthere. But in 2005, the general acceptance of UNMIK as well as the politicalprospectus – at least for …”

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Elisabeth Schöndorf

Against the Odds

2011

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Rules for United Nations Peace Operations S. 47-49

„… Nations Peace OperationsThe rules of the UN’s organization for peace operations make up their own …” „… operations and the rules and routines ofengagement in such ventures.The rules for UN peace operations are …” „… , Dennis. 2001. The Conjurers' Hat: Financing United Nations Peace-building inOperations Directed by …”

Capacities for United Nations Peace Operations S. 49-50

„… come to be known for.107Capacities for United Nations Peace OperationsWith the rise of international …” „… rising again, but given the likewiseincreasing number of peace operations, missions’ strain is still a …” „… the parties to the conflict and peace may be “enforced”.106All of those rules are vital to UN ventures …”

Bound to Fail? Inherent Problems of UN Peace Operations S. 19-23

„… on 6 March2009.19Bound to Fail? Inherent Problems of UN Peace OperationsAre UN peace operations …” „… peace operations.“Their study was in fact distributed to peacekeepers and -builders on-the-ground …” „… United Nations, “Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations,” UN Doc. A/55/305– S/2000/809 …”

Bibliography S. 457-481

„… IGOs, NGOs, and the Military in Peace and Relief Operations. Washington, DC: United States Institute of …” „… : JeanKrasno et al., eds., Leveraging for Success in United Nations Peace Operations. Westport:Praeger, pp …” „… Security & Development Group at King’s College (CSDG). 2003. A Review of PeaceOperations: A Case for Change …”

Why this Book? S. 23-25

„… performance of peace operations.“Their study was in fact distributed to peacekeepers and -builders …” „… explanatoryconcepts for the performance of complex peace operations rests in a fivefold argument on theory and method …” „… formerUN official.23under largely unfavorable conditions, complex peace operations will necessarilydevelop …”

Coping, Coping Fit, and Advantages S. 431-446

„… Nations, “Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations;”United States of America, “The National …” „… Coping, Coping Fit, and AdvantagesThe ill-structured conditions of complex peace operations are not …” „… and relative stability. Thus, when one interprets complex and pathology-prone peace operations in …”

Excursus: An Alternative Concept of “Success” S. 446-449

„… United Nations Peace Operations;”United States of America, “The National Security Strategy of the United …” „… , while the strategic landscape in which peace operations are locatedis astonishingly well elaborated and …” „… scholars who have reflected on the issue, the specificationand operationalization of peace operations …”

Local Capacity S. 46-47

„… reasons, and support for the whole system could evaporate.”99Rules for United Nations Peace OperationsThe …” „… rules of the UN’s organization for peace operations make up their own subsystem of “intrinsicate knots …” „… concentrating on two aspects: thefinancial rules and provisions for peace operations and the rules and routines …”

Precarious Member State Support S. 47

„… Nations Peace OperationsThe rules of the UN’s organization for peace operations make up their own …” „… operations and the rules and routines ofengagement in such ventures.The rules for UN peace operations are …” „… stake in the process. I am concentrating on two aspects: thefinancial rules and provisions for peace …”

Negotiations to Reach the Erdut Agreement S. 93-98

„… , Croatia’s military operationsFlash and Storm effectively brought about the reintegration of Western …” „… Balkan Wars was the fundamental political parameter for the negotiation of the peace agreement. The Basic …” „… International DynamicsAfter the successful Croat military operations Flash and Storm, the strategic landscape in …”

Pathologies and Accidents S. 429-431

„… AdvantagesThe ill-structured conditions of complex peace operations are not to be expectedto change anytime soon …” „… interprets complex and pathology-prone peace operations in terms of dynamic crises, three conclusions can be …” „… research topic for future studies.CopingIn this study, I have examined how ill-fated peace operations were …”

Resumé S. 454-456

„… theory is suitable and fruitful for the analysis ofcomplex peace operations.The findings of the study may …” „… complex UN peace operations and for theexplanation of their performance: the suggested causal processes …” „… pathologies, but the theoretical framework appliesto complex peace operations in general. Nor do further …”

Conclusion S. 449-454

„… . Organizational theory is suitable and fruitful for the analysis ofcomplex peace operations.The findings of the …” „… dependent variable.I started with the assumption that peace operations in general, and the “extremetype” of …” „… the analysis of complex UN peace operations and for theexplanation of their performance: the suggested …”

List of Abbreviations S. 13-16

„… OperationsIO International OrganizationIPA International Peace AcademyJEN Japan Emergency NGOsJIC Joint …” „… Department of Peace OperationsUNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesUNICEF United Nations …” „… Implementation CommitteeJNA Jugoslav National ArmyMILOPS Military OperationsMSF Médecins Sans FrontièresNATO …”

Organizational Pathologies S. 52-66

„… develop out of this trajectory. In the context of peace operations,one scenario may be the unreflected …” „… prescriptive potential for the studyof pathologies and coping of UN peace operations. Rather than providing an …” „… study of UN peace operations, cf. fn. 1.122 Cf. Bazerman 2002, p. 5.123 Ibid.124 Plümper 1996, p. 182 …”

Deployment S. 288-302

„… warring parties is a crucial first step in any peace operation – much of its future development depends on …” „… Force. Cf. UN Department of Peace Operations, “Brochure on UNTAET,” UNTAET/OCPI IC/01E 5,000, January …” „… . A Humanitarian OperationsCentre has been established in Dili to support the activities of United …”

UN Engagement in the Balkans Prior to 1996 S. 91-93

„… military operationsFlash and Storm effectively brought about the reintegration of Western Slavoniaand the …” „… Restoration Operation forCroatia (UNCRO).2.2.1270 UN Task Force 1995, para. 3.271 UN Doc. S/1995/1028, para …” „… create the conditions of peace and security required for the negotiation ofan overall settlement of the …”

Ill-Structured Conditions: Challenges, Constraints, Dilemmas S. 380-385

„… was an exception to the rule of peace operationsand it was not – and probably is not – expected that …” „… independence fighters on the other. Withthe 5 May Peace Agreement, Indonesia consented to the possibility of …” „… , buildings, communication, and public services – evendeteriorated after “Operation Global Clean Sweep.” These …”

Political and Historical Context S. 27-33

„… Background: Peace Operations of the United NationsThe role of the UN in the maintenance of peace …” „… , costly, and risky”16 mission type. This chapter presents the historicalevolution of UN peace operations …” „… ContextSince 1948, the UN have been involved in peace operations.17 The original missiontype of traditional …”

Stages and Actors S. 33-41

„… .40Stages and ActorsAuthority and purpose of a peace operation are written down in the mandate …” „… agreement is the basis for the subsequent UN mandate.The body that mandates any UN peace operation is the …” „… the “UN peace operations bureaucacyand its environemnt,” see Benner, Thorsten et al. 2007. Learning to …”

State of the Art S. 42-44

„… A Theoretical Perspective: Complex UN Peace Operations aspathological OrganizationsThe ultimate …” „… analysisof complex peace operations by making use of promising theoretical perspectivesfrom a different …” „… administrations in specific. Mostcontributions are merely descriptive and deal with peace operations in an …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Elisabeth SchöndorfAgainst the OddsSuccessful UN Peace Operations – A Theoretical Argument and Two …” „… ? Inherent Problems of UN Peace Operations1. 20Why this Book?2. 23Structure3. 25Background: Peace Operations …” „… Perspective: Complex UN Peace Operations aspathological OrganizationsIII.42State of the Art1. 42 …”

Contrasting the Transitional Managements of UNTAES and UNTAET S. 424-427

„… peace operations, there is a tension between short-term and longerterm considerations. The proponents of …” „… similar tension arises when a complex peace operation takes on governmentduties (and becomes a …” „… political approach than “normal” peace operations usually entail. Resulting questions are,Whether to hold …”

Time Pressure and Complexity of the Challenges S. 50-52

„… frame.”113 Virtually every situationthat a peace operation must deal with is subject to high time …” „… – especially as the number of peace operations has beensteadily increasing.Summing up, the diverse challenges …” „… prescriptive potential for the studyof pathologies and coping of UN peace operations. Rather than providing an …”

Case Selection and Method of Analysis S. 75-80

„… Krasno et al., eds., Leveraging forSuccess in United Nations Peace Operations. Westport: Praeger, p …” „… UNTAET are widely acknowledged as the most successful ventures of complex UN peace operations so far.216 …” „… Failure of UN Peace-Building Operations. NetherlandsInstitute of International Relations ‘Clingendael …”

Structure S. 25-26

„… StructureThe remainder of the book is organized in six parts.Background: Peace Operations of the …” „… United NationsThe chapter that follows introduces to UN peace operations and interim administrations …” „… . After providing an overview of the development of the UN fallback systemfor peace and a political and …”

Local Hostility S. 44-46

„… lead to accidents and failure.87“Ill-Structuredness:” UN Peace Operations’ Constraints and …” „… ChallengesComplex UN peace operations and transitional administrations are challengingventures. Qua purpose and qua …” „… virulenteffects on a mission.UN peace operations are run by the UN Secretariat – which, in theory, couldprofit …”

Referendum and Renewed Outbursts of Violence S. 255-261

„… Operations, “East Timor: UNTAET Background.”Available online at http://www.un.org/peace …” „… recommendations to the Security Council that eventually established the most comprehensive UN peace operation ever …” „… Outbursts of ViolenceFollowing up on the peace agreement, the UN deployed the United Nations Missionin East …”

Planning Process S. 264-284

„… peace operation proceeds at different levels and according to different imperatives. The top-level …” „… individual who would be intoxicated by that thought.”1109FinancingAs with UNTAES and complex peace operations …” „… Authority Executive Policing.” In: Renata Dwan, ed., Enforcing the Lawin Peace Operations. New York: Oxford …”

Termination S. 186-202

„… effectiveness of peace operations, see Page-Fortna, Virginia.2008. Does Peacekeeping Work? Shaping Belligerent’s …” „… world of peace operations, despite its known shortcomingsUNTAES counts as one of the UN’s greatest …” „… Political Culture?” Pursuing Balkan Peace 45, 12 November 1996. Available online at …”

Ill-Structured Conditions S. 427-429

„… were similar for the two multidimensional peace operations under examination. These are the …” „… had to operate.2.1687 In fact, the comparison holds for the majority of peace operations where …” „… , long history of conflict, and high coherence; ongoing recalcitrance but peace agreement signed Serb …”

Mandating UNTAET S. 261-264

„… comprehensive UN peace operation ever. The negative side ofthis decisiveness was that the East Timorese …” „… international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air …” „… comprehensive peace- and state-building elements. Specifically, the objectiveswere(a) To provide security and …”

Coping Strategies S. 66-75

„… , “Experience is just the namewe give our mistakes.” In the context of peace operations, experience consists …” „… particularly useful for peace operations to discern explicitly betweenknowledge of facts (“know that”) and …” „… around socialrelationships. In peace operations, informal communication can become even moreimportant …”

Abstract S. 17-18

„… peace operations. The suggested perspective focusses on organizational andbehavioral processes. I start …” „… that, under these “ill-structured” conditions, peace operations develop organizational pathologies. The …”

Pathologies and Coping Strategies S. 205-239

„… any peace operation that sets out under the “standard” liberal model, UNTAES ran the risk of starting …” „… Complex InteractionsIn post-conflict peace operations, mishaps are a regular occurrence and accidentsin …” „… for multidimensional UN peace operations implied delays, uncertainty, andearmarking. For instance …”

Mandating UNTAES S. 98-102

„… 1025.The peace process in Eastern Slavonia benefited from the fact that both partiesto the conflict …” „… signed the peace agreement. The goals stipulated in the mission’smandate were based on and repeated the …” „… of Operations, emphasizing the necessity of a robust Chapter VII mandate.304 For civilian tasks, the …”

Running the Mission S. 164-186

„… observer of UNTAES recalls,There is a lot of variation in how good cooperation in peace operations is. It …” „… is a precarious feature of any complex peace operation, fromwhere pathologies regularly emanate …” „… should note that a UN operation is accountable to the Security Council only;the accountability to a local …”

Planning Process S. 102-111

„… innovation, yet the mission’s design followed the conventional blueprint ofa multidimensional peace …” „… operation.The mission’s staffing used standard recruitment rosters – which were not supplemented by criteria …” „… Representative of the Secretary-General and Coordinator of UN Operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the rank …”

Pathologies and Coping S. 385-423

„… generic approach to peace operations, chronological priorities,being a political role model, and (at least …” „… Address the Report on UN Peace Operations, Singapore,February 2001, “Thus, compared to many other UN …” „… of EarmarkingAs with many complex peace operations, UNTAET suffered from “earmarkingeffects”.1659 …”

Ill-Structured Conditions: Challenges, Constraints and Dilemmas S. 202-205

„… peace operations, despite its known shortcomingsUNTAES counts as one of the UN’s greatest successes. It …” „… – despitethe peace agreement – compounded the situation. Within a tight timeframe, UN-TAES was supposed to …” „… status quo in their favor. UNTAES –put in the position of the principal by the peace agreement – was not …”

History of the Region S. 81-87

„… another consummate peace operation and thus requested theUN to operate a comprehensive stabilization and …” „… the end of UN peace operations onceand for all, but also because Eastern Slavonia was a likely …” „… settlement. A peace agreement forthe region was settled in 1995 during the Dayton process. Yet, despite its …”

Summary and Assessment S. 284-288

„… was adequate although there was pressure fromthe beginning to ‘downsize’ the operation to minimize …” „… basis of acomprehensive international peace agreement,1124 including an explicit role for theUN …” „… control of the territory.1127 In this regard, theEast Timor operation was different from other …”

Termination S. 348-380

„… at http://www.un.org/peace/etimor/DB/Db120601.htm, last access on 6 March 2009.1431 Beauvais 2001, p …” „… of Peacekeeping Operations, “East Timor – UNTAET News. Civic education programme ends in East Timor …” „… .” Available online at http://www.un.org/peace/etimor/news/01apr27.htm, last access on 5 March 2009. See also …”

Deployment S. 113-124

„… of a strict, no-nonsense peace-3.1.1362 “There was little contact with the Serbs in Eastern Slavonia …” „… interviewwith Derek G. Boothby, DSRSG/DTA, UNTAES, 5 February 2007.369 UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations …” „… February 2007.371 UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations. “Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium …”

Implementation of the Mandate S. 302-333

„… poverty”1232 holds for nearly every international peace operation. Plus, UNTAET’s fightagainst the World …” „… , “UN Peace Mission at War with Itself,” Sydney Morning Herald,May 13, 2000, p. 19.1236 Power 2008, p …” „… http://www.un.org/peace/etimor/DB/DB191000.HTM, last access on 5 March 2009.1251 Telephone interview with a senior staff member of …”

Implementation of the Mandate S. 124-164

„… December 2006.134the standard environment of peace operations.480 “[I]n many instances, the peoplethat were …” „… for visiting VIPs and for any special operations that might be required.”426 And this Special Police …” „… this regard. As well, to ensure thatco-operation between UNHCR and UNTAES was enhanced, the OIC JIC …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845229454

Ingo Take - Legitimes Regieren jenseits des Nationalstaates

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Ingo Take (ed.)

Legitimes Regieren jenseits des Nationalstaates

Series: Schriften zur Governance-Forschung

Volume 18 2009

Results in this title

Kai Harbrich Leerformel oder Leitbild? Zur Legitimität kollektiver Selbstregulierungsarrangements am Beispiel der International Peace Operations Organisation (IPOA) S. 52-68

„… Beispiel der International Peace Operations Organisation (IPOA) Kai Harbrich 1. Einleitung Neben dem …” „… Regierens konzentriert. Als konkretes Fallbeispiel soll die International Peace Operations Association …” „… Beitrag leisten. 4. Die International Peace Operations Association (IPOA): Legitimität durch kollektive …”

Ingo Take Schlussfolgerungen S. 241-254

„… in seiner Studie ein privates Regelungsarrangement (International Peace Operations Association, IPOA …” „… International Peace Operations Association (IPOA) ist die hohe Bereitschaft zur Regelbefolgung auf Seiten der …” „… den Bereich der Sicherheit fallenden Regelungsarrangements (Friedenszonen, International Peace …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Selbstregulierungsarrangements am Beispiel der International Peace Operations Organisation (IPOA) Kai Harbrich 52 4 “…lead by …”

Ingo Take Legitimes Regieren auf drei Ebenen – Konzeption und Analyseraster S. 9-25

„… Problemfeld Sicherheit angesiedelten Studie ist das private Regelungsarrangement International Peace …” „… Operations Association (IPOA). Harbrich fokussiert seine Ausführungen auf die Potenziale und Schwächen …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845216560

Marjan Malesic, Gerhard Kümmel - Security and the Military between Reality and Perception

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Marjan Malesic (ed.), Gerhard Kümmel (ed.)

Security and the Military between Reality and Perception

Series: Militär und Sozialwissenschaften | The Military and Social Research

Volume 46 2011

Results in this title

Janja Vuga Public Perceptions of Casualties in Peace Operations: The Effects of Potential Casualties on Public Support in the Case of Slovenia S. 79-94

„… 79 Public Perceptions of Casualties in Peace Operations: The Effects of Potential Casualties on …” „… various Peace Support Operations (PSOs) is limited as well. Nominally, the number of SAF members deployed …” „… participate in various peace support operations that have been reached in the past years. Despite declining …”

Yagil Levy How the Press Impairs Civilian Control over the Armed Forces: The Case of the Second Lebanon War S. 195-211

„… totally reliant on the air force. Finally and half-heartedly, the government approved ground operations …” „… ground operation was approved too late to be effective. Had they been sent in earlier, the ground forces …” „… interested in renewing peace talks. Israel knew that the outcome of these talks would require its full …”

Philippe Manigart, Mathias Bonneu Images, Roles and Missions of the Belgian Defense: A Comparison of Civilian and Military Views S. 95-117

„… strategy. As a result, the security political contributions in international Peace Support Operations (PSO …” „… , which is often the case for crisis response operations. In Belgium, the radical defense restructuring …” „… , downsizing, crisis response operations abroad) are perceived by the public on the one hand and by Defense …”

Karen D. Davis Media, War and Gender: Considering Canadian Casualties in Afghanistan S. 63-79

„… 2000: 19–63. 79 Public Perceptions of Casualties in Peace Operations: The Effects of Potential …” „… ) deployed to various Peace Support Operations (PSOs) is limited as well. Nominally, the number of SAF …” „… political decisions to participate in various peace support operations that have been reached in the past …”

Barbara Jankowski French Public Support for Military Operations: The Challenge of the War in Afghanistan S. 43-55

„… 43 French Public Support for Military Operations: The Challenge of the War in Afghanistan …” „… Operation Enduring Freedom and in the International Security Assistance Force, and there are still 3,700 …” „… illegitimate a military deployment can suddenly become. The French realized that the operation in Afghanistan …”

Sabine Collmer The Afghanistan Conundrum: Troop Surge or Civilian Capacity Building? German Public Opinion towards a Difficult Mission S. 15-31

„… , the European Union or NATO (Center for International Peace Operations 2010). But what about the …” „… where called for, also armed operations” (White Paper 2006: 29) More specifically referring to the …” „… stabilization operation or as a mission in support of national reconstruction. It is not allowed to be called a …”

Rüdiger Fiebig, Carsten Pietsch Foundations of Support for German Military Operations: The Role of Trust in a Time of ‘Cordial Indifference’ S. 31-43

„… (Center for International Peace Operations 2010). But what about the situation at the ‘home front …” „… (1994): Decision on Out-of-Area Missions. BVerfGE 90. Center for International Peace Operations (2010 …” „… ): International and German Personnel in Peace Operations 2009. Online …”

Silvia Würmli, Tibor Szvircsev Tresch Neutrality and the Quest for Autonomy as Constraints for the Military: How Does Public Opinion Reflect the Relationship between the Political and the Military System? S. 117-135

„… strategy. As a result, the security political contributions in international Peace Support Operations (PSO …” „… international cooperation. Besides, military operations other than war have become more common and conscription …” „… affairs. The Peace of Westphalia of 1648 acknowledged the independence of Switzerland and in 1815 …”

Marjan Malesic Cross-National Comparisons of Public and Media Attitudes towards Security and the Military S. 9-14

„… participation in peace support operations, and also simultaneously restrain security policy cooperation. The …” „… population towards peace support operations, cooperation in military alliances and conscription on the one …” „… humanitarian operations and missions, especially toward the military operation International Security …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… Casualties in Peace Operations: The Effects of Potential Casualties on Public Support in the Case of …” „… Sabine Collmer 17 Foundations of Support for German Military Operations: The Role of Trust in a Time of …” „… ‘Cordial Indifference’ Rüdiger Fiebig & Carsten Pietsch 31 French Public Support for Military Operations …”

Steven Ekovich Reporting the War in Vietnam: Challenging the Myth S. 179-195

„… Operations. In his memoirs Zumwalt considered all this maneuvering as „a species of immorality.” He …” „… strategic secrecy when it comes to military operations and national security (Ekovich 2009: 24–38). But in …” „… activities (Rule 5), any information that revealed details of future plans, operations or strikes, including …”

Eva Polláková, Karol Čukan Public Opinion Regarding the Participation of Slovak Troops in International Military Missions S. 55-63

„… Forces were primarily focused on UN peacekeeping operations, and a soldier operating abroad was …” „… identified as a soldier wearing a blue helmet. Over the course of the past years, the military operations …” „… Forces in the international military operations is affected by the actual interest of the public in the …”

Marjan Malesic Public Opinion on the Military: Between Trust and Indifference S. 161-178

„… resources available for their operations and further development. All these trends should lead to the …” „… ‘counterterrorist operation’, the public trust in the Russian army has increased to 48 percent due to its initial …” „… participation of the armed forces in humanitarian and peacekeeping operations are also perceived as being of …”

José A. Olmeda, Consuelo del Val Public Opinion on Armed Forces in Spain: Security Threats, Foreign Policy and the Military S. 135-161

„… an instrument of securing peace rather than prosecuting war and repression. Therefore, it is not …” „… membership in international organizations and the maintenance of peace, stability and humanitarian aid; (3 …” „… and operations resulting from our membership in NATO on the other. Five out of ten Spaniards believe …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845232720

Christian Stock - Nigeria als Truppensteller der Vereinten Nationen

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Christian Stock

Nigeria als Truppensteller der Vereinten Nationen

Series: The United Nations and Global Change

Volume 13 2017

Results in this title

VI. Quellen S. 381-430

„… Contributions to Peace-Keeping Operations by Countries as of 31 December 1993. New York, URL …” „… Peace- Keeping Operations in All Their Aspects (Resolution 2006 (XIX.) v. 18.2.1965). UN General …” „… Secretary-General (S/ 1996/1034). United Nations 2000a: Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations (A …”

II. Als Truppensteller in der VN-Friedenssicherung S. 73-146

„… - Abb. 11: 41 Die dichotome (auch in der Annual Review of Global Peace Operations des Center on …” „… acquiescence can be mustered. In contrast to a pure enforcement operation, a peace enforcement operation would …” „… der Anspruch an Peacekeeping 91 “the main goal of military activities [in peace operations, CS] is not …”

I. Einführung S. 21-72

„… : “By ‘peace operations’ we mean the expeditionary use of uniformed personnel (troops, military …” „… . a. herausgegebene “Peace Operations” (Daniel et al. 2008b) angeführt werden. Das neueste und …” „… Bänden der Annual Review on Peace Operations, die vom New Yorker Center on International Cooperation …”

IV. Nigerias Beteiligung an Friedensmissionen S. 229-352

„… , umfangreiche Invasion des Libanon durch (Operation Peace for Galilee). Die UNIFIL-Blauhelme wurden überrannt …” „… 1980: 457-462; Durch 1993: 342-344; UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations 2015i. 176 Heute …” „… weitere Vorgänge, so dass die VN-GV auf Initiative der USA entsprechend der “Uniting for Peace …”

III. Profil eines Truppenstellers S. 147-228

„… maintaining the peace of the world and in preserving civilization” (zitiert nach Siollun 2015). Am 7. Oktober …” „… laufendes Programm, das am US-amerikanischen Peace Corps orientiert ist und in dem Fachkräfte auf …” „… domestic policies and liberal contributions to PKOs [Peacekeeping Operations, CS] across Africa” 147 Vor …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 15-20

„… Department of Field Support 15 DPA Darfur Peace Agreement DPKO UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations E-10 …” „… Sudan GPOI Global Peace Operations Initiative IAF Inter-African Force IAPTC International Association of …” „… Civilians PSC African Union Peace and Security Council PSO Peace Support Operation RECAMP Renforcement des …”

V. Bewertung und Schluss S. 353-380

„… liberianische Bürgerkrieg bzw. die dortige ECOMOG I-Operation bildet bis heute einen zentralen Referenzpunkt für …” „… mit der Führung der Working Group on Peacekeeping Operations ein bedeutendes Dossier übertragen. Auch …” „… verfügt. Eine eigenständige ‘peace promotion norm’, wie sie eingangs unter Berufung auf Blum (2000) als …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845278001

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