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Sean P. Murray

If Gold Is Our Destiny

2022

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15 Olympics S. 175-188

„… Olympics!Four years later in 1980, President Carter announced the USA would boycott the Olympics in Moscow. And …” „… again, our team wasn’t quite good enough to qualify for the Olympics. Down to one Olympics!In 1982 I …” „… with the USA Team for two more years, I was cut. Down to zero Olympics.I was crushed. What had happened …”

Epilogue S. 203-214

„… 1984 Olympics, Karch and a core group of players from the team decided to forego lucrative professional …” „… whether the 1984 U.S. team was for real. In addition to winning gold at the 1984 Olympics, they went on to …” „… crown—and they won gold at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, defeating the Soviets in the finals and matching the …”

14 Pullman S. 165-174

„… Olympics.“The coaches were trying to reduce stress and increase acclimation,” said Karch, “It was well meaning …” „… was the opportunity to play in the Olympics. Although the team had come together far better than …” „… making the Olympics would have been a cele-brated accomplishment. Now, with the Soviets out of the way …”

13 The Straw That Stirred Our Drink S. 151-164

„… Olympics.Over the years, Beal and Neville had grown close to one of the Soviet scouts, an older man who did …” „… good practice and preparation for the Olympics.One of the highlights during the first few matches in …” „… would heal in time for the Olympics.He got as much information as he could from Las before going to work …”

Introduction S. 1-10

„… , would bring the team together and lead the U.S. team to qualify for the 1976 Olympics.It didn’t …” „… 1IntroductionIn the summer of 1984, the Olympics were coming to Los Angeles. I was 13 years old and …” „… something beyond proximity that made these Olympics a big deal in my family—we were on a mission. Or more …”

6 San Diego S. 65-76

„… Olympics.At the Pan American Games in Puerto Rico that summer, Steve Salmons, the NCAA Player of the Year, and …” „… hadn’t qualified them for the 1980 Olympics. They had already failed to qualify at the 1978 World …” „… goal of qualifying for the Olympics was so close, and so alluring, he was willing to try just about …”

Notes S. 215-226

„… , interview with author, August 7, 2017.25. Smith, “Men’s Volleyball Aims for Olympics.”Notes 223CHAPTER 131 …” „… , interview with author, March 18, 2021.9. Gordon Smith, “Men’s Volleyball Aims for Olympics from San Diego …” „… , 2017.14. Kiraly, “Episode 45.”15. Smith, “Men’s Volleyball Aims for Olympics.”16. Smith, “Men’s Volleyball …”

16 Can We? S. 189-202

„… the team as it prepared for the Olympics—and the role each person played toward helping the team …” „… Neville.Neville had been the Canadian National Team coach for the 1976 Olym-pics and had developed many of …” „… dvorak, as Karch Kiraly looks on, during the semifinal match versus canada at the 1984 Olympics. SOurce …”

3 Pepperdine 1974 S. 27-38

„… volleyball as a team.Qualifying for the Olympics, much less medaling, was a distant dream. The American …” „… teammates lost to Cuba in the North American quali-fiers for the 1972 Olympics, the USVBA finally realized …” „… 1976 Olympics in Montreal.When McGown took over, he had recently graduated from the Univer-sity of …”

Preface

„… over and push the players to their physical and emotional limits. Their journey to the Olympics reveals …” „… Olympics 17516 Can We? 189Epilogue 203Notes 215Index 227About the Author 233ixAcknowledgmentsI could not …” „… Olympics. When my father passed away in May 2021, she inspired me to finish the project and ensure the …”

5 Karch S. 53-64

„… indoor volleyball, but there was no beach 56 Chapter 5volleyball in the Olympics yet, so there was …” „… followed the U.S. National Team’s quest to qualify for the 1976 Olympics, scouring every magazine and …” „… Cuba in three straight games.Even though the U.S. team failed to qualify for the 1976 Olympics, the …”

4 The Big Cy S. 39-52

„… Olympics—the “Miracle on Ice.”The Big Cy 51Beal also recognized that he couldn’t try to duplicate the Soviet …” „… Olympics, yet for Beal, a few years older, the Olympic dream was running out of time. Beset with injuries …” „… rested heavily on the National Team qualifying for the 1976 Olympics.44 Chapter 4In international …”

8 Eastie vs. Westie S. 85-92

„… volleyball at the Olympics, but the team’s move to San Diego and their inspired play seemed to be a sign …” „… to qualify for the 1980 Olympics only to have her dream thwarted by the United States’ decision to …” „… would be difficult. As the Olympics neared, Beal and his staff would have to name twelve players to the …”

1 Argentina 1982 S. 11-18

„… medals at the World Championships and Olympics. Yet Beal felt there was an opportunity to surprise the …” „… emotional distance from his players because he knew he would have to cut some of them before the Olympics …” „… States wasn’t even the best team in North America.With the Olympics in Los Angeles less than two years …”

7 Beat Cuba! S. 77-84

„… competitive at indoor volleyball at the 1984 Olympics. Beal’s policy was the exact opposite to that of some …” „… he could do to help the National Team become competitive at an Olympics, even if that meant …” „… ” and therefore would be ineligible for the Olympics. There was a process by which former professional …”

9 A Crazy Idea S. 93-106

„… out of the Olympics.“We had to provide proof of Outward Bound’s safety record, assuring the players …” „… occurred in the Olympics, it would be ruinous.”5But how could players who didn’t trust one another rely on …” „… Cuba scheduled for April 1983. And at twenty months before the Olympics in Los Angeles, it was not so …”

12 The American System S. 137-150

„… the biggest challenge at the 1984 Olympics would come from the Soviet Union, whose blocking skills …” „… in June against Poland, gold medalists at the World Championships of 1974 and Olympics of 1976. Now …” „… said at the time. “But Hov screwed up over and over again. I want to win at the Olympics . . . these …”

2 A Friendship S. 19-26

„… coach the U.S. National Team at the Olympics in Mexico City and brought Neville along as an assistant …” „… won gold at the Tokyo Games of 1964, the first time volleyball was included in the Olympics. The …”

10 Into the Wild S. 107-124

„… the Olympics.The decision to allow Karch to opt out of the trip was both difficult and perilous in …” „… to be on the team at the Olympics, it was Karch. With the possible exception of Dvorak, no other …” „… waste of time but it could jeopardize my one chance at the Olympics.”16Listening to Sunderland, Neville …”

11 Breaking Point S. 125-136

„… realized, “Doug [Beal] held the golden ticket. And that golden ticket was to play in the Olympics.” The …” „… have the same appeal as the Olympics. “I was so red, white, and blue,” he said. “I wanted to represent …”

Index S. 227-232

„… , 36, 45–48, 73, 83, 169, 194Olmstead, Rick, 57–58, 61Olympics 1968 Mexico, 24, 41, 67, 71, 157, 167 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538154861

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris - The Olympic Games of the European Union

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Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

The Olympic Games of the European Union

2011

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Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympics and Broadcasting S. 282-283

„… It?is?believed?that?if?there?is?a?way?that?ambush?marketing?could?be?really?restricted?is?by?massive?educational?campains.?The?organizaers?should?make?sure?thatthe?spectators?of?the?Olympics …” „… ?all?over?the?world?are?in?advance?well?aware?of?theofficial?sponsors?of?the?Games.?Of?course?this?would?not?mean?that?ambush?marketing?practices?would?not?appear?during?the?Olympics.?However,?it?is?states?thatin?this?way,?the?spectators?would?not?be?confused?and?would?easily?recognize?anyambush?marketing?phenomenon.Olympics and Broadcasting”Dear Friends, we in the IOC have done well without TV for 60 years and we …” „… A.,?The?Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?the?role?of?law,?in?Entertainment?LawReview?2004.621 Ibid.282 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The London 2012 Olympics S. 50-51

„… Olympic?Games?in?a?free?and?Democratic?Country)?and?the?International?Amnestywill?insist?on?pointing?out?the?need?for?human?rights?and?their?violations.47The London 2012 OlympicsOn?the?27th?of?July?1012 …” „… st?century?orientates?the?centre?of?the?world?to?the?East.?After?AthensBeijing?testes?the?power?of?the?historical?choices.Therefore,?there?is?no?doubt?that?the?Olympics …” „… The?Chinese?ministry?released?this?ominous?statement?prior?to?the?Olympics,?“Any?group?orindividual?who?stages? a? gathering,?parade,? or?demonstration? during …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Competition-Public Contracts and Olympics Games S. 195-196

„… ?Olympics,?which?were?the?first?Olympic?Games?whichwere?organized?under?a?regime?of?free?competition?and?transparency.?It?is?easy?tounderstand?that?it?is?vital?for?the?EC?competition?law?to?b …” „… Competition-Public Contracts and Olympics GamesThe?public?contracts?regime?is?also?of?great …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Special Issues-Olympics, IP Protection and Broadcasting Rights S. 258

„… Chapter?12Special Issues-Olympics, IP Protection and Broadcasting RightsProtection of the Olympic …” „… MarketingGeneralOlympic?Games?is?now?the?greatest?and?most?popular?show?on?earth.?Indeed,?notonly?do?the?Olympics …” „… ?attract?the?attention?of?billion?of?people,?but?also?they?areprobably?the?most?profitable?celebration?of?the?world.Barron?Pier?de?Coubertin,?since?the?very?beginning?of?the?revival?of?the?Games,foreseeing?the?great?commercial?value?that?the?Olympics?could?represent?as?wellas?hoping?that?the?Olympics?could?also?acquire?some?ethical?values,?created?theOlympic?symbol.?The?Olympic?symbol?of?five?interlocking?rings?was?designed?byCoubertin?in?1913 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The protection of the human rights as a major objective of the Olympic Games S. 106-108

„… Olympics?-?to?achieve?this?goal,?priority?will?be?given?to?environmental?protection?(EP)?in?the?planning,?designing?and?construction?of?Olympic?venues?and?facilities?andstrict?ecological?environment?standards?and?systematic?supporting?systems?will?be?esta …” „… Olympics?-?we?will?closely?follow?the?latest?high-tech?developments?homeand?abroad?and?integrate?the?high-tech?achievements?nationwide?so?as?to?host?a?magnificentsports?event?in?high-tech?environment.?In?doing?so,?Beijing's?capacity?in?high-tech?innovation?will? be? improved?and? the? application? of? high-tech?achievements …” „… ? to?production?andpeople's?life?promoted.?Beijing?Olympic?Games?will?be?a?window?to?showcase?our?hightech?achievements?and?innovative?capacity.??People's Olympics?-?we?will?take?the?hosting?of?the?Olympic?Games?as?an?opportunityto?popularize …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic symbol protection and fight against ambush marketing S. 245-249

„… ?specificallyprotects?the?Olympic?symbol,?the?Olympic?motto?“?Citius,?Altius,?Fortius”?and?thewords?“?Olympic(s)”?,?“?Olympian(s)”?and?“?Olympiad(s)”?.?This?Act?gives?theOlympics?additional?protection?beyond?the?United?Kingdom's?traditional?intellectual? property? rights? regime,?and? the …” „… iverights?in?these?to?the?BOA?(the?“?Olympic?association?right”?).?The?Act?does,?however,?allow?the?use?of?the?protected?words,?symbol?and?motto?to?create?an?associationwith?the?Olympics,?if?this?is?done?“?in?accordance?with?honest?practices?in?industrialor?commercial?matters”?.?This?exemption?could,?in?the?past,?have?provided?a?loop-516 S. 31.11 …” „… Ambush?marketing?is?commonly?defined?as?the?“?unauthorised?association?by?businesses?oftheir?names,?brands,?products?or?services?with?a?sports?event?or?competition?through?anyone?or?more?of?a?wide?range?of?marketing?activities.”.518 The?London?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Amendment of the Chinese Constitution in 2004- 3 years after the amendment of the Greek one S. 108-110

„… ? ofAthens?to?the?first?Olympic?Games?of?Europe?(in?Greek),?Ant.?N.?Sakkoulas?Publications,Athens-Komotitni,?2003,?Trova E.,?The?2004?Olympics,?The?Olympic?Works?and?the?Environment,?the?way?covered?until …” „… Olympics,?it?had?taken?into?account?the?declaration?that?the?hosting?of?the?Gameswould?help?the?human?rights?and?in?particular?the?mass?media?restrictions,?since215 See?revised?article?17 …” „… ?.?Were?theOlympics?the?reason?of?this?revision?The Amendment of the Chinese Constitution in 2004- 3 years after the amendmentof the Greek …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games of a city, a contact, an ideology S. 117-119

„… ?On?this?basis?the?dialogue?for?the?humanrights?protection?in?China?is?conducted.The?city?which?is?finally?selected,?NOC?and?the?OCOG?enter?into?a?contact?withthe?IOC.?So,?the?Olympics …” „… ? thespecially?the?relations?between?IOC,?host?city,?NOC?and?OCOG?during?the?organization?of?the?Olympics.?There?is?no?reference?to?the?possibility?to?stop?the?contractand?this?causes?some?doubts?on?the?binding?character?of?the?contract.?Most?of?thetimes? the?IOC?act? in?a?diplomatic?way,?focusing?on?a?good?organization?of …” „… ? theOlympics?and?not?to?the?wider?objectives?that?will?be?probably?achieved.231 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law and 2004 Olympic Games S. 178-181

„… ?Olympics,which?were?the?first?ones?held?within?the?EU?territory?under?the?absolute?applicationof?t …” „… ed?tofight?any?kind?of?discrimination?(against?sex,?people?with?special?needs?etc.)?andtherefore?have?an?horizontal?dimension,?pertinent?to?the?community?objectives?offighting?against?conclusion,?as?defined?by?article?13?EC.In?another?part? the?Draft?mentioned? that? the? 2004?Olympics?would? give …” „… ? thefacilitation?of?members?of?the?Olympic?family?that?would?participate?in?the?2004Olympics?to?enter?in?Europe.?On?the?15 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bibliography S. 285-299

„… Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?the?role?of?law,?in?Entertainment?Law?Review,2004.Mouratides …” „… .Trova E.,?The?2004?Olympics,?The?Olympic?Works?and?the?Environment,?the?way?covered?until2002,?PerDik …” „… ., London?Olympic?Games?and?Paralympic?Games?Act?2006?-?less?presumptive?thanthe?London?Olympics?Bill,?Entertainment?Law?Review?2006.Blanpain …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relationship among the Olympic Movement rules and the state rules and the institutional balancing of each Olympic Organization S. 110-112

„… Olympics,?it?had?taken?into?account?the?declaration?that?the?hosting?of?the?Gameswould?help?the?human?rights?and?in?particular?the?mass?media?restrictions,?since215 See?revised?article?17 …” „… ut?the?compulsory?expropriation?institution?were?introduced,?mainly?in?attendance?of?the?impeding?interferences?of?the?legislator?in?the?image?of?Greek?especially?because?of? the?Olympics …” „… .?Also,?specific? legislation?was?promoted?for?theorientation?of?the?Code?of?Compulsory?Expropriations?to?this?direction?and?a?relative?law?was?also?voted,?which?has?been?in?force?since?2002.?The?special?laws?aboutthe?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic truce in effect S. 130-131

„… ? the?UN?existence.However,?there?are?still?some?reservations?about?the?effectiveness?of?this?interference?As?the?Olympics?constitute?a?popular?event?for?billion?of?people,?they?alsoconstitute?the?best?theatrical?scene?for?the?UN?to?evolve?their?activity?and?maketheir? presence? noticeable? through? their? pressure? for? peace? and? truce.? The …” „… effectIt?is?encouraging?that?the?Olympic?Truce?has?on?some?occasions?worked?in?effect.In?1994?during?the?war?in?Sarajevo?and?the?winter?Olympics?of?Lille?Hamer,?theappeal? for? the …” „… ? conflictsstopped?for?one?day?and?UNISEF?had?the?chance?to?visit?Sarajevo?and?to?vaccinate10.000?children.?Also,?during?the?winter?Olympics?of?Nagano?in?1998 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Special legislation introduced by the hosting states S. 272-280

„… ?Olympics?it?wasUK’s?turn?to?introduce?legislation?to?enhance?the?protection?of?the?olympic?symboland?insignia.?Of?course?there?was?already?the?Olympic?Symbol?etc?(Protection)?Act609 Colantuoni L.,?op?cit.2761995 …” „… statesSo,?since?the?Sydney?Olympics,?all?the?hosting?states,?trying?to?fulfil?their?obligations?towards?the?IOC,?which?through?the?host?city?contract?imposed?to?them,?introduce?special? legislation?against? the?phenomenon?of?ambush?marketing.?Whatthese? laws? have? in? common? is …” „… ation?so?far?as?well.?Of?course,?now?the?protection?is?more?clearcut,?but?it?is?doubtful?whether?such?legislation?can?really?add?a?lot.As?far?as?the?Winter?Olympics?are?concerned,?even?though?in?both?Sort?LakeCity?and?Turin?(2002?and?2006?respectively)?ex …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Greater London Olympic Authority S. 249-250

„… ?in?the?Host?City?Contract?(whether?before,?during?or?after?the?LondonOlympics),?or?to?prepare?for?and?manage?the?London?Olympics.536Indeed,?the?GLA?is?competent?to:537 …” „… ,• give?financial?and?other?support?to?others?for?activity?connected?with?the?London?Olympics …” „… perience?or?knowledge?which?might?be?useful?in?relation?to?preparing?for?or?managing?the?London?Olympics.538 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The revival, the Olympic Truce Foundation, the UN contribution and the EU attitude S. 127-130

„… pics?during?the?World?Wars,?the?phenomenon?of?“boycotting”?the?Games?emerged.?USA?and?USSR?got?involved?in?an“Olympic?war”,?attaching?an?intense?political?element?in?the?Olympics.264As?a?world?mega?event?Olympics …” „… s?this?connection?cannot?be?considered?as?a?desirable?one.?It?made?Olympics?be?a?form?of?political?pressure?insteadof?being?a?way?to?promote?peace,?dialogue?and?understanding.The revival, the Olympic Truce Foundation, the UN contribution and the EUattitudeIt …” „… ,?one?year?before?the?Sydney?Olympics?180?UN?member-states?voted?forthe?Olympic?truce?during?these?games.?A?little?bit?later?th …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova An overview S. 44-46

„… territory?and?during?a?period?that?the?effort?for?European?integration?is?increasinglyintense.?It?is?very?interesting?to?examine/investigate?the?way?that?the?organizationof?the?Olympics …” „… ?by?Athens,?as?an?EC?territory?is?dealt?with.?Indeed,?it? is?worthreminding?that?the?Olympics?are?necessarily?connected?with?a?major?social?event:sport.?This?field?has?been?lately?surrounded?with?a?great?community?interest,?to?theextent? that?we?now?speak?about?a?social …” „… ?the?Olympics?finally?returnedto?Greece.?This?could?be?called?a?return?home?as?Greece?is?both?the?original?sitewhere?the?ancient?Olympics?were?held?more?than?3000?years?ago?and?also?the?sitefor?the?reinvention?of?the?Olympic?Games?in?1896.42 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The challenge of the first European Olympic Games S. 51-54

„… ?of?the?Charter?of?the?Fundamental?Rights)?are?tested?with?occasion?of?the?2004?Olympics;?also,?the?protectionof?the?environment?(article?II-37?of?the?Fundamental …” „… ?Olympics?is?in?a?major?existential?quest?and?oftenat?the?edge?of?a?crisis.By?words?it?composes/makes?proposals,?such?as?the?article?III-177 …” „… ? contemporarycharacter?of?the?matter.?Under?this?framework,?the?Olympics?acquire?a?particularinterest?as?an?organization?subject?to?the?EC?law?in?so?far?as?the?community?law?isgetting?involved?in?relations?which?are?of?the?international?sport?community?interestbut? also? of? connected? to? sport? financial? interest.? The? organization? of? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Potential avenues of a more effective revival S. 131-133

„… ?2000?during?the?Sydney?Olympics …” „… ? it?couldinclude?provisions?in?the?Olympic?Charter?about?the?Olympic?Truce,?which?woulddisqualify?from?the?Olympics?the?states?that?do?not?respect?the?Truce?during?theOlympics.?It?could?even?impose?a?ban?of?disqualification?from?the?Olympics?for?2or?3?Olympiads,?in?case?they?violate?the?truce.?Moreover,?it …” „… ?in?its?relations?with?otherstates.?It?is?submitted?that?the?violation?of?the?truce?during?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International Olympic Committee (IOC) S. 85-87

„… so,?the?national?governments?are?committed?to?abide?by?the?Olympic?Charter,?ifa?city?within?its?territory?undertakes?to?host?the?Olympics?(article?34?par.3 …” „… ).?Thecity?that?has?been?elected?to?host?the?Olympics?as?well?as?the?NOC?of?the?respectivecountry?enter?into?a?written?agreement?with?the?IOC?(bye-law?to?rule?34,?3.3 …” „… .).?TheOlympics?are?organized?only?under?these?circumstances,?with?a?certain?ideologicaldressing?and?are?governed?exclusively?by?the?Olympic?Charter?and?at?a?certain?time(at?this?point?the?term?Olympiad?slips?into?this?context.?According?to?Bye-Law?toRule?6 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Human Rights and Olympic Games S. 104-106

„… ? isparticularly?useful?to?the?Olympics.?According?to?Chinese?philosophies?harmony?is?a?basicfeature? of? the?perfect?formation? of? the?world,?as? the?master? of?Taoist …” „… al?property.?The?Games?ofBeijing?had?the?ambition?of?being?the?“Green?Games,?Games?of?High?Technology,Games?of?People”It?is?obvious?that?the?placement?of?the?Olympics?at?a?certain?place?has?the?abilityto? induce? alterations?which?may? sound? impossible,?which?makes? clear? that …” „… ? theOlympics?are?not?a?mere?sporting?event,?but?an?event?with?intense?political?gravityand?legal?particularities.194The?European?Council?expressed?timely?its?positions195 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Role of NATO S. 70-71

„… ?request?from?the?Government?of?Greece,?NATO?has?agreed?toprovide?security?assistance? for? the?Athens?Olympics …” „… ,?and? the?subsequent?Para?Olympics …” „… .NATO?will?provide:Airborne?Early?Warning?Aircraft?(AWACS)?to?help?coordinate?air?surveillance;Naval?forces;?andChemical,?Biological,?Radiological,?and?Nuclear?(CBRN)?response?units.NATO?remains?in?consultation?with?the?Government?of?Greece?about?possible?additionalsecurity?assistance.NATO's?contributions?to?security?at?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 258-259

„… Chapter?12Special Issues-Olympics, IP Protection and Broadcasting RightsProtection of the Olympic …” „… MarketingGeneralOlympic?Games?is?now?the?greatest?and?most?popular?show?on?earth.?Indeed,?notonly?do?the?Olympics …” „… ?attract?the?attention?of?billion?of?people,?but?also?they?areprobably?the?most?profitable?celebration?of?the?world.Barron?Pier?de?Coubertin,?since?the?very?beginning?of?the?revival?of?the?Games,foreseeing?the?great?commercial?value?that?the?Olympics?could?represent?as?wellas?hoping?that?the?Olympics?could?also?acquire?some?ethical?values,?created?theOlympic?symbol.?The?Olympic?symbol?of?five?interlocking?rings?was?designed?byCoubertin?in?1913 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Towards a formation of European perception on sport. S. 177-178

„… ?Olympics,which?were?the?first?ones?held?within?the?EU?territory?under?the?absolute?applicationof?t …” „… olve?economic?interests?are?governed?by?the?EC?law.However,?the?Olympics?have?a?global?character.?When?the?Olympics?are?held?outside?Europe?this?cannot?be?the?case.?The?IOC?rules?will?enjoy?their?absolute?autonomy.The?Athens?Olympics …” „… he?EC?law.The?Olympics?and?Para-Olympics?Games?of?Athens?were?giving?the?chance?tothe?EU?for?a?further?promotion?of?sport?within?Europe.178 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sale of Tickets S. 244-245

„… ent?held?as?part?of?the?London?Olympics?or?Paralympics?in?a?public?place?or?in?the?course?of?a?business?without?the?written?authorization?of?LOCOG.513?If?convicted?of?such?an?offence,?a?person?would?be?liable?toa?fine?up?to?level?5 …” „… ce?to?an?event?held?as?part?of?the?LondonOlympics …” „… ?specificallyprotects?the?Olympic?symbol,?the?Olympic?motto?“?Citius,?Altius,?Fortius”?and?thewords?“?Olympic(s)”?,?“?Olympian(s)”?and?“?Olympiad(s)”?.?This?Act?gives?theOlympics?additional?protection?beyond?the?United?Kingdom's?traditional?intellectual? property? rights? regime,?and? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games of Barcelona S. 39-40

„… ?Games?were?perhapsthe?most?successful?modern?Olympics.?For?the?first?time?in?three?decades,?there?wasno?boycott.36Since?the?games?in?Seoul?in?1988?the?political?world?order?had?changed?d …” „… ?nations?participated?under?the?joint?name?of?EUN,??TheUnified?Team?,?a?state?that?participated?for?the?first?and?last?time?in?the?BarcelonaOlympics …” „… ?Olympic?Games,?allowed?theUnited?States?to?send?the??Dream?Team,??a?basketball?team?made?up?of?a?numberof?the?most?famous?U.S.?professional?basketball?players,?to?the?Olympics.Two?new? sports? entered? the?Olympic? program …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The innovative Olympic Games of 1896 and 2004 S. 43-44

„… ?the?Olympics?returned?to?Athens.?Despite?the?elapse?of?so?many?years?thereare?many?similarities?between?these?two?organizations.?The?most?importance?ofthose?is?that?they?both?involved?some?kind?of?innovation.?The?Games?of?1896?werethe? first?Olympics? of? the?modern?era.?After?a? long?period? the? institution? of …” „… territory?and?during?a?period?that?the?effort?for?European?integration?is?increasinglyintense.?It?is?very?interesting?to?examine/investigate?the?way?that?the?organizationof?the?Olympics …” „… ?by?Athens,?as?an?EC?territory?is?dealt?with.?Indeed,?it? is?worthreminding?that?the?Olympics?are?necessarily?connected?with?a?major?social?event:sport.?This?field?has?been?lately?surrounded?with?a?great?community?interest,?to?theextent? that?we?now?speak?about?a?social …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Cassandras which were denied S. 48-49

„… Olympics,?when?Siemens?won?significant?contracts?in?providing?Olympic?infrastructure?equipment.45 …” „… ?Olympics?caused?a?lotof?criticism?which?were?connected?even?with?the?feasibility?of?the?whole?venture.The?successful?organization?of?the?Games?was?considered?to?be?a?huge?success?ofGreece.At?the?ends?of?the?year?2004 …” „… ?the?president?of?the?U.S.?national?Olympic?Committee,?Peter?pouberoth?announced,?leaving?Athens?and?its?Olympics:?“The?Greeksproved?that?the?Cassandras?were?mistaken.”“Despite?the?criticism”,?according?to?Pouberoth,?who?was?also?the?president?ofThe?Los?Angeles?1984 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Compulsory purchase and consistency with the ECHR S. 255-256

„… ?Olympics,?the?secretary?of?State?proceeded?to?several?compulsory?purchases.?In?many?cases,?therewere?individuals …” „… ?rights?was?clearly?a?substantial?one,the?importance?of?the?Olympics?and?its?legacy?was?overwhelming?and?therefore?thepurchase?was?judged?legitimate.555551 Ibid.552 Sole?v?Secretary?of?State?for?Trade?and?Industry, ?[2007]?EWHC?1527?(Admin …” „… ?in?London?the?second?European?experiment?will?take?place.?It?will?be?thesecond?time?that?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ideological background S. 124-127

„… ?the?Olympics …” „… ?were?revived.?As?the?timewent?by?more?and?more?countries?started?participating?in?the?Games.?Nowadays,almost?every?country?of?the?world,?regardless?of?its?size?or?its?population?participatesin?the?Games.?However,?the?revival?of?the?Olympics?was?not?followed?by?the?revivalof?the?truce.?The?Olympism?is?the?goal?to?place?sport?as?the?service?of?harmoniousdevelopment?of?man,?with?a?view?to?promoting?a?peaceful?society.255?However,?thatprinciple?was …” „… . ,?The?Olympic?Truce:?a?contribution?to?peace?and?internationalunderstanding,?in?the?proceedings?of?the?16th?postgraduate?seminar?on?the?Olympics?studies2008,?Ancient?Olympia?Greece.259 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The commercialization of the Games and the early violations. S. 259-262

„… violations.At?the?beginning?of?the?revival?of?the?Games,?modern?Olympics …” „… ? theOlympic?Review?to?help?cover?costs.?The?coverage?of?the?cost?was?his?main?intention.Since?the?early?years,?though,?it?was?obvious?to?both?simple?people?as?well?asbusinessmen?that?the?institution?of?the?Olympics …” „… ? andOlympics?increase?but?also?the?first?IP?infringements?were?noticed.Indeed,?Helms?Bakeries?had?been?granted?the?supply?contract?for?the?OlympicGames?village?and?produced?“?Helms?Olympic?Bread”?Paul?H.?Helms,?the?owner,aware?of?the?commercial?power?of?association,?registered?trademarks?for?the?breadincluding? the?word?Olympic?and? the?symbol …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova In 2008 the world athletic society is hosted to Beijing. The importance of the Asian continent and the human rights crisis S. 49-50

„… Olympic?Games?in?a?free?and?Democratic?Country)?and?the?International?Amnestywill?insist?on?pointing?out?the?need?for?human?rights?and?their?violations.47The London 2012 OlympicsOn?the?27th?of?July?1012 …” „… ,? HumanGames”.?Obviously,?the?appointment?of?the?Olympics?to?a?certain?place?has?thepossibility?to?bring?changes?which?seem?to?be?impossible,?something?which?makesclear?that?the?Olympics …” „… st?century?orientates?the?centre?of?the?world?to?the?East.?After?AthensBeijing?testes?the?power?of?the?historical?choices.Therefore,?there?is?no?doubt?that?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The human body, the international society and the fair play of history S. 18-25

„… R.,?Impact?of?the?games?on?Olympic?Host?Cities,?in:?http://olympicstudies.uab.es/lectures/web/lec.asp?id_llico=8,?Cashman R./?Hughes A., ?Staging?the?Olympics:?the?eventand?its?impact,?UNSW?Press,?Sydney?1999 …” „… on?to?the?everyday?frameworkof?a?sporting?event.The?revival?of?the?Olympics?was?the?expression?of?a?movement?of?ideals?and?aperception? of? life? which? enhanced? the? human? body? and? its? achievements? in? a4 Gerber E. W./Morgan …” „… ?infrastructural?territory.?The?Olympic?Movement?acquired?throughthe?city?a?geopolitical?importance?and?an?essential?territorial?dimension.The?Olympics?have?turned?out?to?be?the?most?impressive?and?spectacular?publiccultural?event?in?the?modern?society.12?The?first?modern?Olympic?Games?of?Athens1896?attracted?311?athletes?from?13 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Volunteering S. 253-255

„… ?Olympics.?It?isaltogether?certain?that?thousand?volunteers?will?contribute?to?the?organization?ofthe?Olympics.?This?is?indicated?by?the?massive?participation?of?volunteers?in?the2002 …” „… ?Olympics,?the?secretary?of?State?proceeded?to?several?compulsory?purchases.?In?many?cases,?therewere?individuals …” „… unteers.?Indeed,?during?the?Olympics?of?the?last?decade?the?participation?of?volunteers?was?quite?remarkable.?Being?committed?to?the?values?of?Olympism?and253 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Games S. 85

„… so,?the?national?governments?are?committed?to?abide?by?the?Olympic?Charter,?ifa?city?within?its?territory?undertakes?to?host?the?Olympics?(article?34?par.3 …” „… ).?Thecity?that?has?been?elected?to?host?the?Olympics?as?well?as?the?NOC?of?the?respectivecountry?enter?into?a?written?agreement?with?the?IOC?(bye-law?to?rule?34,?3.3 …” „… .).?TheOlympics?are?organized?only?under?these?circumstances,?with?a?certain?ideologicaldressing?and?are?governed?exclusively?by?the?Olympic?Charter?and?at?a?certain?time(at?this?point?the?term?Olympiad?slips?into?this?context.?According?to?Bye-Law?toRule?6 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ambushing strategies and examples S. 266-270

„… ?Olympics,?when?KODAC,having?failed?to?be?included?to?the?sponsorship?programme?(Fuji?was?an?officialsponsor)?became?the?sponsor?of?the?ABC’s?broadcasts?of?the?Games?and?also?the“official?film”?of?the?US?track?team.580?In?this?way?it?managed,?with …” „… rase“with?Telecom?Mobile?you?can?take?your?own?phone?to?the?Olympics.?Evidently,by?this?way?the?company?tried?to?associate?itself?with?the?Olympics …” „… A.,?the?Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?therole?of?law,?in?Entertainment?Law?Review,?2004.587 Colantoni,?op?cit.268bonus?of?1 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Regional Development Agencies S. 250-251

„… perience?or?knowledge?which?might?be?useful?in?relation?to?preparing?for?or?managing?the?London?Olympics …” „… When?undertaking?actions?to?deliver?the?Olympic?Games,?the?GLA?must?consider?how?best?to?maximise?the?benefits?to?be?derived?from?the?preparations?for?theLondon?Olympics?once?the?Games?are?over.539 …” „… at?when?giving?financial?support?to?others?for?activityconnected?with?the?London?Olympics,?the?GLA?may?do?so?on?specific?terms?orconditions,?in?particular?as?regards?the?payment?of?interest.?Moreover,?the?GLA?isgiven?the?power?to?accept?contributions?towards?expenditure?in?connection?withthe?Olympic?Games.541 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Siemens scandal S. 47-48

„… Olympics,?when?Siemens?won?significant?contracts?in?providing?Olympic?infrastructure?equipment.45The Cassandras which were deniedThe?fact?that?Athens?undertook?the?organization?of?the?2004 …” „… ?Olympics?caused?a?lotof?criticism?which?were?connected?even?with?the?feasibility?of?the?whole?venture.The?successful?organization?of?the?Games?was?considered?to?be?a?huge?success?ofGreece.At?the?ends?of?the?year?2004 …” „… scandalA?second?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sporting Rules, Olympic Games and International Law S. 69-70

„… ? interest? in? sport?and?Olympics?by? the …” „… ?request?from?the?Government?of?Greece,?NATO?has?agreed?toprovide?security?assistance? for? the?Athens?Olympics …” „… ,?and? the?subsequent?Para?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Para-Olympic Games and the handicapped body S. 33-34

„… h?will?be?exercised?and?applied?at?a?local?level?for?the?improvement?of?health?and?the?quality?of?life.?From?thefirst?Olympics?until?the?first?European?Olympics?of?2004?it?has?been?a?long?way.Athens?constituted?the?first?city?of?the?revival?of?the?Olympic …” „… bodyIf?the?Olympics?since?the?classic?antiquity?have?made?a?hymn?to?the?human?body,the?Para-Olympics?make?it?an?object?of?spectate,?hymn?and?excess? just? like …” „… .The?Paralympics?are?held?at?the?same?place?and?in?the?same?year?as?the?Olympics.On?the?19th?of?June?2001 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Protection of the Olympic Insignia-Ambush Marketing S. 258

„… Chapter?12Special Issues-Olympics, IP Protection and Broadcasting RightsProtection of the Olympic …” „… MarketingGeneralOlympic?Games?is?now?the?greatest?and?most?popular?show?on?earth.?Indeed,?notonly?do?the?Olympics …” „… ?attract?the?attention?of?billion?of?people,?but?also?they?areprobably?the?most?profitable?celebration?of?the?world.Barron?Pier?de?Coubertin,?since?the?very?beginning?of?the?revival?of?the?Games,foreseeing?the?great?commercial?value?that?the?Olympics?could?represent?as?wellas?hoping?that?the?Olympics?could?also?acquire?some?ethical?values,?created?theOlympic?symbol.?The?Olympic?symbol?of?five?interlocking?rings?was?designed?byCoubertin?in?1913 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Charter S. 83-85

„… so,?the?national?governments?are?committed?to?abide?by?the?Olympic?Charter,?ifa?city?within?its?territory?undertakes?to?host?the?Olympics?(article?34?par.3 …” „… ).?Thecity?that?has?been?elected?to?host?the?Olympics?as?well?as?the?NOC?of?the?respectivecountry?enter?into?a?written?agreement?with?the?IOC?(bye-law?to?rule?34,?3.3 …” „… .).?TheOlympics?are?organized?only?under?these?circumstances,?with?a?certain?ideologicaldressing?and?are?governed?exclusively?by?the?Olympic?Charter?and?at?a?certain?time(at?this?point?the?term?Olympiad?slips?into?this?context.?According?to?Bye-Law?toRule?6 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sponsorship S. 264-266

„… Olympics?are?the?event?that?is?probably?affected?the?most?by?this?phenomenondue?to?its?great?promotion?and?the?great?importance?that?the?Olympic?sponsorshipprogram?represents?for?the?Games.?Indeed,?the?TOP?sponsoring?program?is?expectedto?reach?the …” „… ?Olympics,?when?KODAC,having?failed?to?be?included?to?the?sponsorship?programme?(Fuji?was?an?officialsponsor)?became?the?sponsor?of?the?ABC’s?broadcasts?of?the?Games?and?also?the“official?film”?of?the?US?track?team.580?In?this?way?it?managed,?with …” „… ?866?million?dollars?and?each?exclusive?sponsorship?package?of? theOlympics?costs?around?50 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Final Remarks S. 256-257

„… ?in?London?the?second?European?experiment?will?take?place.?It?will?be?thesecond?time?that?the?Olympics …” „… ?will?be?held?within?the?EU?territory?under?the?absolute?application?of?the?EC?law.?Unlike?Athens,?UK?government?has?limited?itselfto?introducing?only?one?law?Act,?which?comprises?all?the?major?areas?that?shouldbe?regulated.So,?the?UK,?by?introducing?this?analytical?and?concise?Act?tried?to?regulate?allthe?major?issues?related?to?the?London?Olympics …” „… ? theamendment?of?the?purposes?of?regional?development?agencies?to?include?the?purpose?of?preparing?for?the?London?Olympics.Definitely,?emphasis?should?be?attached?to?the?introduction?of?the?Olympic?andparaolympic?association?right,?which?is?expected?to?fight?effectively?any?potentambush?marketing? tactics.?Also,? the? trade?and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 120-121

„… TruceGeneralThe?dominant?element?and?the?reason?why?Ancient?Olympics?have?gathered?admiration?worldwide?is?the?Olympic?truce.?Olympic?truce?can?be?perceived?as?anearly?form?of?international?law.During?the?ancient?Greek?history?the?civil?wars?among?cities-states?were?veryoften.?The? idea? of?peace?has?been?more? intense? in?areas? that? have? suffered …” „… s?theGames?inhibited?the?wars,?in?the?modern?Olympics?the?war?has?prevented?gamesfrom?being?held.?The?Olympic?Games?of?Berlin?in?1916?were?never?held.?The?1 …” „… ?is?considered?to?be?theyear?of?the?modern?revival?of?the?truce;?a?revival?though?which?has?almost?nothingto?do?with?the?ancient?concept?of?the?truce.?Indeed,?sadly?the?opening?ceremony?ofthe?Beijing?Olympics?2008 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Planning S. 236-237

„… • preparing?for?the?London?Olympics …” „… xercising?one?of?the?aforementionedfunctions?should?have?regard?to?the?desirability?of?maximizing?the?benefits?to?bederived?after?the?London?Olympics …” „… ? thatpreparation,?to?seek?to?maximise?the?benefits?to?be?derived?from?the?preparationsfor?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Final Remarks S. 283-284

„… A.,?The?Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?the?role?of?law,?in?Entertainment?LawReview?2004.283 …” „… control?any?connection?with?the?Olympics?in?the?web.?How?many?groups?and?pagesare?there?about?the?Olympics …” „… ?(London,?Vancouver)?in?facebook??How?many?blogsare?there?in?the?web?about?the?Olympics??And?how?many?advertisements?are?thereis?these?websites??Advertisements?which?promote?products?which?have?nothing?todo?with? the? official? sponsors? of? the?Games.? It? is? true? that? this? relatively …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The importance of the truce S. 123-124

„… .?So,?theperiod?that?the?Olympics?were?held?was?considered?to?be?sacred?and?this?is?why?noform?of?violence?or?human?humiliation?and?confinement?was?permitted.Violation of the …” „… ?years?of?the?organization?of?the?Ancient?Olympics …” „… ?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Content of the truce S. 122-123

„… ? fool-moon?wasconsidered?to?be?holy?and?this?is?one?more?piece?of?evidence?about?the?holy?characterof?the?Truce?and?the?Olympics.Content of the …” „… .248 Velissaropoulou-Karakosta I.,?The?legal?frame?of?the?Ancient?Olympics …” „… s.?Thetruce?is?closely?linked?with?the?term?“ierominia”,?which?means?holy?month.?So,?theperiod?that?the?Olympics?were?held?was?considered?to?be?sacred?and?this?is?why?noform?of?violence?or?human?humiliation?and?confinement?was?permitted.Violation of the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The influence of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the rules of the Olympic Movement S. 181-182

„… ?Olympics?were?the?first?Olympics?whichwould?be?held?in?Europe?after?the?the?Sengen?Treaty.Also?the?suggestion?of?the?Commission?about?the?facilitation?of?the?VISAs?procedures?for?the?Olympic?family?members?had?no?i …” „… asisof?rules?and?provisions?which?derive?from?different?legal?orders.?This?was?probablythe?main?reason?for?questioning?as?regard?the?2004?Olympics.The influence of the case law of the European Court of Justice on the rules of …” „… organization,?despite?the?fact?that?the?Athens?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 263-264

„… Olympics?and?it?keeps?tantalizing?every?kind?of?mega?event?organization?ever?since.Its?main?objective?is?to?create?confusion?to?consumers’?minds?and?subsequentlythey?by?this?method?ambushers?can?gain?benefit?from?an?untrue?association?with?amajor?even …” „… Olympics?are?the?event?that?is?probably?affected?the?most?by?this?phenomenondue?to?its?great?promotion?and?the?great?importance?that?the?Olympic?sponsorshipprogram?represents?for?the?Games.?Indeed,?the?TOP?sponsoring?program?is?expectedto?reach?the?866?million?dollars?and?each?exclusive?sponsorship?package?of …” „… MarketingGeneralAmbush?marketing?is?a?great?threat?of?modern?sport?as?has?been?formed?the?lastdecades,?since?it?undermines?the?sponsorship?agreements?which?are?vital?for?theproper?organization?of?mega?events?such?as?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Section 10: Olympic Transport Plan S. 238-240

„… nsport?Plan?)?for?addressing?transport?matters?relating?to?the?LondonOlympics.479 …” „… ?ODAfor?the?purpose?of?implementing?the?OTP?and?in?particular?providing?or?facilitatingtransport?services? in?connection?with? the?London?Olympics …” „… ?that?infringements?of?traffic?regulation?orders?made?by?theODA?over?the?ORN?for?the?purposes?of?the?Olympics?will?be?punishable?with?anincreased?fine?(i.e.?a?maximum?of?£5,000;?while?the?standard?fine?is?a?maximum?of£1,000 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The contemporary exercising body S. 31-33

„… h?will?be?exercised?and?applied?at?a?local?level?for?the?improvement?of?health?and?the?quality?of?life.?From?thefirst?Olympics?until?the?first?European?Olympics?of?2004?it?has?been?a?long?way.Athens?constituted?the?first?city?of?the?revival?of?the?Olympic …” „… bodyIf?the?Olympics?since?the?classic?antiquity?have?made?a?hymn?to?the?human?body,the?Para-Olympics?make?it?an?object?of?spectate,?hymn?and?excess? just? like …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Security in the Barcelona Games S. 40-42

„… ?Olympic?Games,?allowed?theUnited?States?to?send?the??Dream?Team,??a?basketball?team?made?up?of?a?numberof?the?most?famous?U.S.?professional?basketball?players,?to?the?Olympics.Two?new? sports? entered? the?Olympic? program? in?Barcelona? as? baseball …” „… ? andbadminton?were?introduced.?Another?notable?change?in?the?Barcelona?games?wasthe?entrance?of?the?USA??Dream?Team??in?the?men?basketball?competition.?For?thefirst?time?the?best?American?professional?players?like?super?stars?Earvin??Magic?Johnson,?Larry?Bird?and?Michael?Jordan?were?present?in?the?Olympics.In? the? 1992?Barcelona?Olympics,? the?host´s …” „… ?back?to?the?Barcelona?Olympics?stadium?and?was?then?sent?on?to?thisyear´s?host,?the?Greeks.A?total?of?257 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law, Mass Media and Sport S. 193-195

„… stitutes?a?commercial?activity,?which?is?subject?to?the?EC?competition?law.?In?any?case,?this?grant?is?a?usual?and?accepted?practice?provided?that?theEC?competition?law?are?followed.In?terms?of?the?Athens?2004?Olympics,?though,?it?has?to?be?noted?that?the …” „… ?Olympics,?which?were?the?first?Olympic?Games?whichwere?organized?under?a?regime?of?free?competition?and?transparency.?It?is?easy?tounderstand?that?it?is?vital?for?the?EC?competition?law?to?b …” „… A.,?The?Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?the?role?of?law,?in?EntertainmentLaw?Review,?2004.194Competition-Public Contracts and Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Non-judicial protection against ambush marketing S. 280-282

„… It?is?believed?that?if?there?is?a?way?that?ambush?marketing?could?be?really?restricted?is?by?massive?educational?campains.?The?organizaers?should?make?sure?thatthe?spectators?of?the?Olympics …” „… ?all?over?the?world?are?in?advance?well?aware?of?theofficial?sponsors?of?the?Games.?Of?course?this?would?not?mean?that?ambush?marketing?practices?would?not?appear?during?the?Olympics.?However,?it?is?states?thatin?this?way,?the?spectators?would?not?be?confused?and?would?easily?recognize?anyambush?marketing?phenomenon.Olympics and Broadcasting”Dear Friends, we in the IOC have done …” „… A.,?The?Olympics:?a?celebration?of?sport?and?the?role?of?law,?in?Entertainment?LawReview?2004.621 Ibid.282 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova European law and Olympic Games S. 152-154

„… ?Olympics?werefrom?Europe?and?the?three?of?them?from?the?European?Union.?The?matter?of?thesubmission?of?the?Olympic?Organi …” „… ? constitutes?anissue?which?is?posed?with?emphasis?every?time?a?major?sporting?event,?such?as?theOlympics,?takes?place?in?a?city?within?the?EU.331?Community?law?as?well?as?thejurisprudence? is? now? scrutinizing? sport? systematically? and …” „… judgment?there?are?important?cases?having?been?held?that?prove?the?timeliness?ofthe?issue.In?this?framework?the?Olympics?acquire?a?special?interest?as?long?as?an?organization?governed?by?the?EC?law?in?so?far?as?the?EC?law?gets?involved?in?relationswhich? concern? the? international? sporting? community333? and? economic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Addendum S. 165-167

„… ?Olympics?were?the?first?ones?which?would?take?place?in?a?member?state?ofthe?EU,?under?a?regime?of?absolute?application?of?the?EC?law.?The?worries?aboutinconsistencies?were?not?unreasonable,?since?two?really?powerful …” „… ? the?Bosman?ruling,?makingclear?that?the?EC?law?prevails?over?the?regulations?of?sporting?organizations,?including?the?IOC.AddendumThe?Olympics?are?organized?under?certain?rules?which?have?been?in?force,?sincethe?first?modern?organization?of?Athens?1896.?In?2004?there?was?an?innovation.?The2004 …” „… ?development.Nevertheless,?beyond?the?question?whether?the?Athens?Olympics?were?successful,?there?is?also?a?crucial?question?about?whether?the?EC?law?was?really?abided?by,in?respect?of?the?organization.?As?has?been?already?mentioned?the?applicability?ofthe?EC?law?has?ben?clear.?As?regards? the?environmental?protection …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Truce S. 120

„… TruceGeneralThe?dominant?element?and?the?reason?why?Ancient?Olympics?have?gathered?admiration?worldwide?is?the?Olympic?truce.?Olympic?truce?can?be?perceived?as?anearly?form?of?international?law.During?the?ancient?Greek?history?the?civil?wars?among?cities-states?were?veryoften.?The? idea? of?peace?has?been?more? intense? in?areas? that? have? suffered …” „… s?theGames?inhibited?the?wars,?in?the?modern?Olympics?the?war?has?prevented?gamesfrom?being?held.?The?Olympic?Games?of?Berlin?in?1916?were?never?held.?The?1 …” „… ?is?considered?to?be?theyear?of?the?modern?revival?of?the?truce;?a?revival?though?which?has?almost?nothingto?do?with?the?ancient?concept?of?the?truce.?Indeed,?sadly?the?opening?ceremony?ofthe?Beijing?Olympics?2008 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Charter and tolerance S. 117

„… ?On?this?basis?the?dialogue?for?the?humanrights?protection?in?China?is?conducted.The?city?which?is?finally?selected,?NOC?and?the?OCOG?enter?into?a?contact?withthe?IOC.?So,?the?Olympics …” „… ? thespecially?the?relations?between?IOC,?host?city,?NOC?and?OCOG?during?the?organization?of?the?Olympics.?There?is?no?reference?to?the?possibility?to?stop?the?contractand?this?causes?some?doubts?on?the?binding?character?of?the?contract.?Most?of?thetimes? the?IOC?act? in?a?diplomatic?way,?focusing?on?a?good?organization?of …” „… ? theOlympics?and?not?to?the?wider?objectives?that?will?be?probably?achieved.231 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Ambush?marketing?legislation?and?freedom?of?expression 280Non-judicial?protection?against?ambush?marketing 280Olympics?and?Broadcasting 282Final?Remarks …” „… ?the?world?athletic?society?is?hosted?to?Beijing.?The?importanceof?the?Asian?continent?and?the?human?rights?crisis 49The?London?2012?Olympics 50The?challenge?of?the?first?European?Olympic?Games 51Chapter?3 55 …” „… Freedom?of?movement?of?goods?and?sport 193EC?law,?Mass?Media?and?Sport 193Competition-Public?Contracts?and?Olympics?Games 195 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General Competence S. 235-236

„… ,?whichcovers?all?the?major?issues?of?the?Olympic?Games.?It?sets?up?the?Olympic?DeliveryAuthority?to?deliver?public?sector?obligations?for?the?Games,?principally?the?necessary?venues?and?infrastructure.?It?also?governs?certain?pivotal?matters?for?theOlympics,? such? as? security …” „… ?Those?functionsare?to?do?anything?necessary?or?expedient?for?the?purpose?of:466 S. 3.467 S. 4.235• preparing?for?the?London?Olympics …” „… xercising?one?of?the?aforementionedfunctions?should?have?regard?to?the?desirability?of?maximizing?the?benefits?to?bederived?after?the?London?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Advertising-Trading S. 240-244

„… ?that?infringements?of?traffic?regulation?orders?made?by?theODA?over?the?ORN?for?the?purposes?of?the?Olympics?will?be?punishable?with?anincreased?fine?(i.e.?a?maximum?of?£5,000;?while?the?standard?fine?is?a?maximum?of£1,000 …” „… ?are?embodied?in?the?host?city?contract.?Indeed,?the?IOC?isreally?interested?in?securing?its?rights?over?the?Olympics …” „… ent?held?as?part?of?the?London?Olympics?or?Paralympics?in?a?public?place?or?in?the?course?of?a?business?without?the?written?authorization?of?LOCOG.513?If?convicted?of?such?an?offence,?a?person?would?be?liable?toa?fine?up?to?level?5 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The importance of sporting events for the international procedures S. 16-17

„… ,?making?the?victory?of?the?democratic?states?a?depositary?of?the?internationalpolicy?and?the?sport?order.?London,?as?a?the?host?city?of?the?1948?Olympics?expressed?the?victory?of?the?Antant?Alliance,?while?the?Elsinki?1952 …” „… ?symbolic?choice?which?led?to?the?return?of?USSR?and?of?the?othersocial?countries?to?the?Olympic?Movement.?Cities-symbols?and?times?of?crisis?provethat?the?Olympics?are?something?much?more?than?a?mere?sporting?event?and?furtherthat?sport?is?something?more?than?athletic?performances?of?certain?people.1The?year?2008 …” „… M.,?Mega-Events?and?Modernity:?Olympics?and?Expos?in?the?Growth?of?Global?Culture,?Routledge,?London,?2000,?Deutsch K.W. /Merritt …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The hosting of the Games, the regulations and the institutions S. 15-16

„… ,?making?the?victory?of?the?democratic?states?a?depositary?of?the?internationalpolicy?and?the?sport?order.?London,?as?a?the?host?city?of?the?1948?Olympics?expressed?the?victory?of?the?Antant?Alliance,?while?the?Elsinki?1952 …” „… ?symbolic?choice?which?led?to?the?return?of?USSR?and?of?the?othersocial?countries?to?the?Olympic?Movement.?Cities-symbols?and?times?of?crisis?provethat?the?Olympics?are?something?much?more?than?a?mere?sporting?event?and?furtherthat?sport?is?something?more?than?athletic?performances?of?certain?people.1The?year?2008 …” „… M.,?Mega-Events?and?Modernity:?Olympics?and?Expos?in?the?Growth?of?Global?Culture,?Routledge,?London,?2000,?Deutsch K.W. /Merritt …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Procedure of declaration-heralds S. 121-122

„… BC.?In?reality?at?that?year?the?Olympics?were?re-established.?The?combinationof?constant?armed?conflicts?among?the?city-states?and?an?epidemic?had?culminatedin?the?inhibition?of?the?holding?of?the?Games?for?many?years.239 …” „… ? fool-moon?wasconsidered?to?be?holy?and?this?is?one?more?piece?of?evidence?about?the?holy?characterof?the?Truce?and?the?Olympics.Content of the …” „… .248 Velissaropoulou-Karakosta I.,?The?legal?frame?of?the?Ancient?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bidding process and governmental support S. 233-234

„… ? 2012?Olympics.?These? cities?were?Havana …” „… ?Olympics).?Moscow?was?the?first?city?to?be?eliminated,?followed?by?New?York233 …” „… ,?London?had?to?make?sure?that?it?would?fulfill?the?obligations?that?it?hadunder?undertaken?towards?the?IOC.?It?has?to?be?noted?that?in?contrast?to?Athens2004?Olympics?which?was?followed?by?many?laws,?in?London?there?is?only?one234 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova History S. 95-96

„… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …” „… ,?The?Swiss?Federal?Tribunal?evaluated?theindependence?of?the?CAS?intrically,?after?the?appeal?of?two?Russians?country-skierswho?were?disqualified?from?the?Sort?Lake?City?Olympics …” „… ., Arbitration?at? theOlympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European approach to sport S. 175-177

„… olve?economic?interests?are?governed?by?the?EC?law.However,?the?Olympics?have?a?global?character.?When?the?Olympics?are?held?outside?Europe?this?cannot?be?the?case.?The?IOC?rules?will?enjoy?their?absolute?autonomy.The?Athens?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and Olympic Games-the penetration of the Olympic Movement Rules in the national legal orders S. 88-90

„… ordersOnce?a?city?has?been?elected?by?the?IOC?to?host?the?Olympics?under?the?procedureprovided?by?Article 34 …” „… ?the?parties.?This?contract?is?the?basic?nexus?thatconnects?the?IOC?with?the?government?of?the?organizing?city.?It?is?explicitly?mentioned?in?the?contract?that?the?IOC?relinquishes?its?rights?over?the?organization?ofthe?Olympics …” „… ?There?are?also?intricate?provisions?about?the?distribution?ofthe?profits?derived?from?any?activity?relevant?to?the?Olympics.?There?are?also?provisions?about?the?Olympic?village?and?its?standards,?the?hospitality?of?the?press?andthe?Olympic?family,?the?prerequisites?for?the?entrance?in?the?country129 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The first Olympic Games S. 36-39

„… ?in?Paris?the?Olympics …” „… ?Games?were?perhapsthe?most?successful?modern?Olympics.?For?the?first?time?in?three?decades,?there?wasno?boycott.36Since?the?games?in?Seoul?in?1988?the?political?world?order?had?changed?d …” „… ?nations?participated?under?the?joint?name?of?EUN,??TheUnified?Team?,?a?state?that?participated?for?the?first?and?last?time?in?the?BarcelonaOlympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sustainable development according to the Olympic Charter and the Host City Contract S. 114-117

„… ?On?this?basis?the?dialogue?for?the?humanrights?protection?in?China?is?conducted.The?city?which?is?finally?selected,?NOC?and?the?OCOG?enter?into?a?contact?withthe?IOC.?So,?the?Olympics …” „… ? thespecially?the?relations?between?IOC,?host?city,?NOC?and?OCOG?during?the?organization?of?the?Olympics.?There?is?no?reference?to?the?possibility?to?stop?the?contractand?this?causes?some?doubts?on?the?binding?character?of?the?contract.?Most?of?thetimes? the?IOC?act? in?a?diplomatic?way,?focusing?on?a?good?organization?of …” „… ? theOlympics?and?not?to?the?wider?objectives?that?will?be?probably?achieved.231 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international agreements against doping S. 71

„… ?security?matters?and?got?involvedto?the?Olympic?organization?trying?to?stop?terrorist?attacks.Torino?also?asked?the?cooperation?of?NATO?for?the?security?of?the?2006?WinterOlympics.The?British?Parliament?has?already?dealt?with? the …” „… ? ofSeptember?events?of?high?rating?like?the?Olympics?and?susceptible?to?terroristicinterest?constitute?a?field?of?validation?among?disclosed?and?undisclosed?powers.The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter andconsequences thereof. The …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova WADA and UNESCO against doping S. 71

„… ?security?matters?and?got?involvedto?the?Olympic?organization?trying?to?stop?terrorist?attacks.Torino?also?asked?the?cooperation?of?NATO?for?the?security?of?the?2006?WinterOlympics.The?British?Parliament?has?already?dealt?with? the …” „… ? ofSeptember?events?of?high?rating?like?the?Olympics?and?susceptible?to?terroristicinterest?constitute?a?field?of?validation?among?disclosed?and?undisclosed?powers.The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter andconsequences thereof. The …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Violation of the truce-sanctions S. 123

„… .?So,?theperiod?that?the?Olympics?were?held?was?considered?to?be?sacred?and?this?is?why?noform?of?violence?or?human?humiliation?and?confinement?was?permitted.Violation of the …” „… ?years?of?the?organization?of?the?Ancient?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Truce in the modern era S. 124

„… ?the?Olympics …” „… ?were?revived.?As?the?timewent?by?more?and?more?countries?started?participating?in?the?Games.?Nowadays,almost?every?country?of?the?world,?regardless?of?its?size?or?its?population?participatesin?the?Games.?However,?the?revival?of?the?Olympics?was?not?followed?by?the?revivalof?the?truce.?The?Olympism?is?the?goal?to?place?sport?as?the?service?of?harmoniousdevelopment?of?man,?with?a?view?to?promoting?a?peaceful?society.255?However,?thatprinciple?was …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Conclusion S. 133

„… t?is?highly?recommended?that?a?way?should?be?found?for?therevival.?This?is?why?it?is?strongly?recommended?that?tangible?and?committing?measures?should?be?taken?for?the?revival?of?the?most?important?aspect?and?legacy?of?theancient?Olympics.279 Miah A./Garcia …” „… B.,?The?Truth?about?the?Olympic?Truce,?Rights,?rensposibilities?and?theimpossibility?of?being?global?and?apolitical,?in?Culture@the?Olympics,?2002:vol.?4,?issue4,?pp.9-12,?www.culturaolympic.org.uk.280 Ibid.133 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Games of 2012: London, the second European experiment S. 233

„… ? 2012?Olympics.?These? cities?were?Havana …” „… ?Olympics).?Moscow?was?the?first?city?to?be?eliminated,?followed?by?New?York233 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ambush Marketing S. 263

„… Olympics?and?it?keeps?tantalizing?every?kind?of?mega?event?organization?ever?since.Its?main?objective?is?to?create?confusion?to?consumers’?minds?and?subsequentlythey?by?this?method?ambushers?can?gain?benefit?from?an?untrue?association?with?amajor?even …” „… MarketingGeneralAmbush?marketing?is?a?great?threat?of?modern?sport?as?has?been?formed?the?lastdecades,?since?it?undermines?the?sponsorship?agreements?which?are?vital?for?theproper?organization?of?mega?events?such?as?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Security S. 237-238

„… ? thatpreparation,?to?seek?to?maximise?the?benefits?to?be?derived?from?the?preparationsfor?the?Olympics …” „… ?over?the?longer-term.?The?ODA?should?also?have?regard?to?theexisting?framework?of?plans,?in?particular?any?planning?permissions?already?grantedin?connection?with?the?London?Olympics,?any?guidance?issued?by?the?Secretary?ofState?and?to?the?development?plan?for?any?area?for?which?the?ODA?is?made?the?localplanning?authority.473The?Secretary?of?State,?in?making?an?order?which?revokes?a?previous?order?establis …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Athens: the first European Host City in the European Territory S. 46-47

„… ? thecommunity?law?happened?in?order?to?make?these?two?systems?collide?with?eachother?and?finally?try?to?resolve?it,?does?not?seem?to?be?insane.?This?makes?even?moresense?taking?into?account?that?the?Olympics …” „… scandalA?second?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relation between the Olympic movement rules and the national/state ones and the institutional balancing of each Olympic organization S. 102-103

„… ested?interests?hasbeen?testes?in?respect?of?the?human?rights.?It?is?true?that?a?similar?test?had?takenplace?during?the?World?Wars?and?in?other?cases.?The?NATO?involvement?in?theAthens?Olympics …” „… ? theOlympics?and?the?Olympic?Movement?seek?to?affect/influence/work?on.103 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The security of the Games S. 229-230

„… ,? thecompetent?ministers?guarantee?about?the?security?of?the?Games?by?some?additiondeclarations?accompanying?the?host?city?contract.Especially?after?the?terrorist?attacks?in?USA?in?2001?and?in?Madrid?in?2004,?theAthens?Olympics …” „… .?At?the?sametime,?broader?procedures?have?been?initiated?for?the?functional?urban?planningof?Athens?in?view?of?the?staging?of?the?2004?Olympic?Games.462 http://www.afsouth.nato.int/JFCN_Factsheets/Athens04/Olympics04.htm.230 …” „… . A?special?legal?(adjective?and?substantive)?status?of?protection?of?the?Olympicsymbols?and?indicia?was?instituted?in?the?internal?legal?order.c. The?status?of?protection?of?the?Olympic?Torch?was?sanctioned.d …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games of the Classical era S. 27-28

„… ivities..?The?temple?of?Olympia?imposedits?importance?to?the?entire?ancient?Greek?world?and?the?Olympics …” „… During?the?period?of?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova City-state and sport S. 28-29

„… During?the?period?of?the?Olympics …” „… SportThe?athlete?in?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The National Olympic Committees (NOCs) S. 87-88

„… ordersOnce?a?city?has?been?elected?by?the?IOC?to?host?the?Olympics?under?the?procedureprovided?by?Article 34 …” „… ?the?parties.?This?contract?is?the?basic?nexus?thatconnects?the?IOC?with?the?government?of?the?organizing?city.?It?is?explicitly?mentioned?in?the?contract?that?the?IOC?relinquishes?its?rights?over?the?organization?ofthe?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The London Olympic Games and Para-Olympic games Act 2006 S. 234-235

„… ,?London?had?to?make?sure?that?it?would?fulfill?the?obligations?that?it?hadunder?undertaken?towards?the?IOC.?It?has?to?be?noted?that?in?contrast?to?Athens2004?Olympics?which?was?followed?by?many?laws,?in?London?there?is?only?one234 …” „… ligations?for?the?Games,?principally?the?necessary?venues?and?infrastructure.?It?also?governs?certain?pivotal?matters?for?theOlympics,? such? as? security,? traffic? regulation? orders,? road? closures,? advertisingregulations …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games and the city: the Barcelona mythe S. 42-43

„… ?the?Olympics?returned?to?Athens.?Despite?the?elapse?of?so?many?years?thereare?many?similarities?between?these?two?organizations.?The?most?importance?ofthose?is?that?they?both?involved?some?kind?of?innovation.?The?Games?of?1896?werethe? first?Olympics? of? the?modern?era.?After?a? long?period? the? institution? of …” „… y?taking?into?account?the?role?that?the?modern?Olympicshave?in?the?modern?international?society.?On?the?other?hand,?at?the?sunrise?of?thenew?century?we?can?notice?the?first?Olympic?games?which?are?organized?in?the?EC40 For? the? official? report? of? the? Barcelona? Games? http://olympic-museum.de/o-reports/report …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 134-135

„… .K.?FITZGERALD,?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?Sport:?Doping?and?Due?Process?During?theOlympics,?Sports?Lawyer?Journal?2000,?p.?234.282 Cox N.,?Legislation?of?Drug?Use?in?Sport,?in:?ISLR?2002.134 …” „… ince?doping?wasnot?banned?that?period.?During?the?Second?World?War?concentration?camp?supervisors?gave?nandrolone?and?testosterone?to?enhance?recovery?from?starvation.?Inthe?Olympics?of?Rome?1960?the?cyclist,?Gnout?Jenssen?from?Denmark?finished?firstbut? died? some?hours? after? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Nairobi Treaty S. 262-263

„… Olympics?and?it?keeps?tantalizing?every?kind?of?mega?event?organization?ever?since.Its?main?objective?is?to?create?confusion?to?consumers’?minds?and?subsequentlythey?by?this?method?ambushers?can?gain?benefit?from?an?untrue?association?with?amajor?even …” „… MarketingGeneralAmbush?marketing?is?a?great?threat?of?modern?sport?as?has?been?formed?the?lastdecades,?since?it?undermines?the?sponsorship?agreements?which?are?vital?for?theproper?organization?of?mega?events?such?as?the?Olympics …” „… ent?in?case?that?the?authorization?of?the?NOC?was?requiredinstead?of?the?authorization?of?the?IOC.?So,?the?Nairobi?Treaty?remained?underestimated?and?the?IOC?lost?a?very?good?chance?to?solve?the?problem?of?the?Olympicsymbol?protection?once?and?for?all.?What?the?IOC?could?have?done?is?to?contractually?oblige …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova CAS and ECHR S. 100-101

„… ?case?the?AHD?violates?the?ECHR?during?the?London?Olympics,?Englandwill?not?be?directly?liable?towards?the?EC,?since?there?is?no?violation?from?the?state.On?the?other?hand,?it?has?been?claimed?that?even?if?human?rights?do?not?directlyapply?to?the?arbitrators,?they?have?an?indirect?application.179?When?a?state?allowsdisputes? to?be?submitted …” „… ?Olympic?Games?shall?be?submitted?exclusively?to?the?Court?of?Arbitrationfor?Sport.?In?Athens,?CAS's?jurisdiction?sprang?from?a?variety?of?sources.?BeyondArticle?74?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?all?IFs?(including?since?the?Sydney?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova ICAS S. 96-97

„… ,?The?Swiss?Federal?Tribunal?evaluated?theindependence?of?the?CAS?intrically,?after?the?appeal?of?two?Russians?country-skierswho?were?disqualified?from?the?Sort?Lake?City?Olympics …” „… ., Arbitration?at? theOlympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sustainability S. 251-253

„… After?the?end?of?the?London?Olympics,?the?Secretary?of?State?may?make?an?orderto?repeal? the?powers?provided?by?this?section.?This?order?would?be?subject …” „… unteers.?Indeed,?during?the?Olympics?of?the?last?decade?the?participation?of?volunteers?was?quite?remarkable.?Being?committed?to?the?values?of?Olympism?and253 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter and consequences thereof. The concept of the Sporting Spirit, of sports traditions and of the Olympic Ideal and fair play S. 71-73

„… ?security?matters?and?got?involvedto?the?Olympic?organization?trying?to?stop?terrorist?attacks.Torino?also?asked?the?cooperation?of?NATO?for?the?security?of?the?2006?WinterOlympics.The?British?Parliament?has?already?dealt?with? the …” „… ? ofSeptember?events?of?high?rating?like?the?Olympics?and?susceptible?to?terroristicinterest?constitute?a?field?of?validation?among?disclosed?and?undisclosed?powers.The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter andconsequences thereof. The …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rules S. 163-165

„… ?Olympics?were?the?first?ones?which?would?take?place?in?a?member?state?ofthe?EU,?under?a?regime?of?absolute?application?of?the?EC?law.?The?worries?aboutinconsistencies?were?not?unreasonable,?since?two?really?powerful …” „… ? the?Bosman?ruling,?makingclear?that?the?EC?law?prevails?over?the?regulations?of?sporting?organizations,?including?the?IOC.AddendumThe?Olympics?are?organized?under?certain?rules?which?have?been?in?force,?sincethe?first?modern?organization?of?Athens?1896.?In?2004?there?was?an?innovation.?The2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Bid Process S. 205-207

„… eks?were?thrilled?after?the?words?of?Huan?Antonio?Samaranch?“The?citythat?will?have?the?honour?and?responsibility?to?organize?the?Olympics?of?2004 …” „… ? thecommunity?law?happened?in?order?to?make?these?two?systems?collide?with?eachother?and?finally?try?to?resolve?it,?does?not?seem?to?be?insane.?This?makes?even?moresense?taking?into?account?that?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Responses to Ambush Marketing S. 270-272

„… MarketingAs?the?time?went?by?the?IOC?as?well?as?the?organizing?cities?conceived?that?theyshould?take?some?measures?in?order?to?stop?this?new?phenomenon?which?undermined?the?proper?organization?of?the?Olympics …” „… statesSo,?since?the?Sydney?Olympics,?all?the?hosting?states,?trying?to?fulfil?their?obligations?towards?the?IOC,?which?through?the?host?city?contract?imposed?to?them,?introduce?special? legislation?against? the?phenomenon?of?ambush?marketing.?Whatthese? laws? have? in? common? is …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rules of the Olympic Movement and the state rules S. 80

„… f?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The historical and ideological background of the Olympic Games S. 18

„… on?to?the?everyday?frameworkof?a?sporting?event.The?revival?of?the?Olympics?was?the?expression?of?a?movement?of?ideals?and?aperception? of? life? which? enhanced? the? human? body? and? its? achievements? in? a4 Gerber E. W./Morgan …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Greek sprinters scandal S. 47

„… scandalA?second?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Vodafone scandal S. 47

„… scandalA?second?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The law 3254/2004 about Olympic and Paraolympic Games matters and the law 3342/2005 about the sustainable development and the social utilization of the Olympic Departments S. 229

„… ,? thecompetent?ministers?guarantee?about?the?security?of?the?Games?by?some?additiondeclarations?accompanying?the?host?city?contract.Especially?after?the?terrorist?attacks?in?USA?in?2001?and?in?Madrid?in?2004,?theAthens?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Delivery Authority S. 235

„… ,?whichcovers?all?the?major?issues?of?the?Olympic?Games.?It?sets?up?the?Olympic?DeliveryAuthority?to?deliver?public?sector?obligations?for?the?Games,?principally?the?necessary?venues?and?infrastructure.?It?also?governs?certain?pivotal?matters?for?theOlympics,? such? as? security …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Extent and application S. 251

„… After?the?end?of?the?London?Olympics,?the?Secretary?of?State?may?make?an?orderto?repeal? the?powers?provided?by?this?section.?This?order?would?be?subject …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games during the period of Homer S. 27

„… ivities..?The?temple?of?Olympia?imposedits?importance?to?the?entire?ancient?Greek?world?and?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova War and Sport S. 29

„… SportThe?athlete?in?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova From the Roman Empire to Theodosius S. 29

„… SportThe?athlete?in?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova From the Olympic Games of the Antiquity until the Modern Olympic Games S. 36

„… ?in?Paris?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Modern Olympic Games S. 36

„… ?in?Paris?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova From the First Modern Olympic Games of Athens to the Olympic games of Europe S. 36

„… ?in?Paris?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The ancient truce S. 121

„… BC.?In?reality?at?that?year?the?Olympics?were?re-established.?The?combinationof?constant?armed?conflicts?among?the?city-states?and?an?epidemic?had?culminatedin?the?inhibition?of?the?holding?of?the?Games?for?many?years.239 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The foundation of the truce S. 121

„… BC.?In?reality?at?that?year?the?Olympics?were?re-established.?The?combinationof?constant?armed?conflicts?among?the?city-states?and?an?epidemic?had?culminatedin?the?inhibition?of?the?holding?of?the?Games?for?many?years.239 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Pan-Hellenic Games S. 28

„… During?the?period?of?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping S. 134

„… .K.?FITZGERALD,?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?Sport:?Doping?and?Due?Process?During?theOlympics,?Sports?Lawyer?Journal?2000,?p.?234.282 Cox N.,?Legislation?of?Drug?Use?in?Sport,?in:?ISLR?2002.134 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Dispute Resolution-Establishment of a separate court S. 95

„… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Court of Arbitration for Sports (C. A. S.) S. 95

„… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The constructed body of the athlete S. 34-35

„… .The?Paralympics?are?held?at?the?same?place?and?in?the?same?year?as?the?Olympics.On?the?19th?of?June?2001 …” „… 2006?the?Winter?Paraolympic?Games?which?correspond?to?the?summer?Olympicsof?Beijing?2008 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympic Charter and Human Rights S. 112-113

„… D.,?Inside?the?Olympics,?Wiley,?Chichester,?2004,?p.115.112of?the?19 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European Parliament and its positions about sport in Europe S. 173-174

„… ?organizations,?including?the?Euro?2004?in?Portugaland? the?Athens?Olympics,?was? proclaimed? as? the? European? year? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The regulation of sport by the EC law: prevalence of the EC law and self-identity/specificity of sport S. 174-175

„… ,?which?was?rich?in?sporting?organizations,?including?the?Euro?2004?in?Portugaland? the?Athens?Olympics,?was? proclaimed? as? the? European? year? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The adoration of the human body in the palaistras S. 26-27

„… ivities..?The?temple?of?Olympia?imposedits?importance?to?the?entire?ancient?Greek?world?and?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport during the Medieval Age S. 29-30

„… SportThe?athlete?in?the?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the body and the city S. 25-26

„… first?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ad hoc section (ADH) S. 99-100

„… ?case?the?AHD?violates?the?ECHR?during?the?London?Olympics,?Englandwill?not?be?directly?liable?towards?the?EC,?since?there?is?no?violation?from?the?state.On?the?other?hand,?it?has?been?claimed?that?even?if?human?rights?do?not?directlyapply?to?the?arbitrators,?they?have?an?indirect?application.179?When?a?state?allowsdisputes? to?be?submitted …” „… (ADH)If?speed?is?necessary?for?disputes?resolution?is?sport?in?general,?it?seems?to?be?morethan?indispensable?when?disputes?emerge?during?world?events,?such?as?the?OlympicGames.?In?1995?the?IOC,?ICAS?and?CAS?decided?that?during?the?Atlanta?Olympicsan …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Obligatory submission-standard clauses-human rights S. 101-102

„… ?Olympic?Games?shall?be?submitted?exclusively?to?the?Court?of?Arbitrationfor?Sport.?In?Athens,?CAS's?jurisdiction?sprang?from?a?variety?of?sources.?BeyondArticle?74?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?all?IFs?(including?since?the?Sydney?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General Remarks S. 230-232

„… .?At?the?sametime,?broader?procedures?have?been?initiated?for?the?functional?urban?planningof?Athens?in?view?of?the?staging?of?the?2004?Olympic?Games.462 http://www.afsouth.nato.int/JFCN_Factsheets/Athens04/Olympics04.htm.230f …” „… . A?special?legal?(adjective?and?substantive)?status?of?protection?of?the?Olympicsymbols?and?indicia?was?instituted?in?the?internal?legal?order.c. The?status?of?protection?of?the?Olympic?Torch?was?sanctioned.d …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rule of law and the fair play S. 77-79

„… ?Olympic?Games?and?the?general?framework?of?the?Olympic?organization.?S.?also,?Le?Monde?Diplomatique-?Kyriakatiki?Eleftherotypia,?28/29?October?2000,Decoust M.,?Behind?the?Olympics,?the?Avorignons’?lost?dream.103 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Movement S. 80-82

„… f?the?Olympics …” „… Olympic?spirit,?which?required?mutual?understanding?with?a?spirit?of?friendship,solidarity?and?fair?play.The?philosophy?of?the?Olympic?movement?should?be?in?particular?approachedkeeping?in?mind?the?extraordinary/particular?timing?that?it?was?first?emerged.?Atthe? sunset? of? the?19th …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The tickets selling matter and the competition rules S. 196-198

„… ?OCOG?wanted?the?Commission?to?confirm?that?the?provisionsregarding?the?tickets?selling?were?consistent?with?the?EC?competition?rules.?It?wasthe?first?time?that?the?Commission?examined?provisions?of?tickets?selling?for?theOlympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2833/2000 ‘Issues of Preparation of the Olympic Games of 2004 and other provisions’ S. 227-229

„… ,? thecompetent?ministers?guarantee?about?the?security?of?the?Games?by?some?additiondeclarations?accompanying?the?host?city?contract.Especially?after?the?terrorist?attacks?in?USA?in?2001?and?in?Madrid?in?2004,?theAthens?Olympics …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International respond S. 135-137

„… d?World?War?concentration?camp?supervisors?gave?nandrolone?and?testosterone?to?enhance?recovery?from?starvation.?Inthe?Olympics?of?Rome?1960?the?cyclist,?Gnout?Jenssen?from?Denmark?finished?firstbut? died? some?hours? after? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Violence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe position S. 66-69

„… ? interest? in? sport?and?Olympics?by? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Community law and sport S. 149-152

„… ?Olympics?werefrom?Europe?and?the?three?of?them?from?the?European?Union.?The?matter?of?thesubmission?of?the?Olympic?Organi …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The effect of the Bosman judgment in the Olympic movement rules S. 159-163

„… ?Olympics?in?Athens,?taking?into?account?that?the?organization?was?preceded?by?a?revision?of?the?Greek?Constitution?as?well?as?by?a?extensive?jurisprudence?by?the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and the Olympic Charter S. 90-95

„… ., Arbitration?at?the?Olympics:?Issues?of?Fast-Track?Dispute?Resolution?and?Sports?Law,?Kluwer?Law?International,?The?Hague,?2001,?Blackshaw I./ SiekmannR./Soek J.?(eds),?The?Court?of?Arbitration?for?sport?1984-?2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sporting Games and the theory of the Games S. 17

„… pluralismA?system?of?rules?which?interact?among?them?shows?the?character?of?these?relations.The?supranational?unions,?the?states,?sport,?the?unions,?the?people?are?all?taking?partin?this?system?and?through?the?required?overcome?of?the?rules,?their?application?andeffectiveness?is?tested.32 Analytically?in?http://olympicstudies.uab.es/athens2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Game with its rules-tests of legal pluralism S. 17

„… pluralismA?system?of?rules?which?interact?among?them?shows?the?character?of?these?relations.The?supranational?unions,?the?states,?sport,?the?unions,?the?people?are?all?taking?partin?this?system?and?through?the?required?overcome?of?the?rules,?their?application?andeffectiveness?is?tested.32 Analytically?in?http://olympicstudies.uab.es/athens2004 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympism S. 82-83

„… Olympic?spirit,?which?required?mutual?understanding?with?a?spirit?of?friendship,solidarity?and?fair?play.The?philosophy?of?the?Olympic?movement?should?be?in?particular?approachedkeeping?in?mind?the?extraordinary/particular?timing?that?it?was?first?emerged …” „… Olympic?Movement.?It?is?the?Olympic?Charter?that?regulates?the?Olympic?Gamesits?acceptance?is?necessary?for?the?undertaking?of?the?organization?of?the?Olympicsby …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Composition and formation- arbitration agreement- competencydecisions S. 97-99

„… (ADH)If?speed?is?necessary?for?disputes?resolution?is?sport?in?general,?it?seems?to?be?morethan?indispensable?when?disputes?emerge?during?world?events,?such?as?the?OlympicGames.?In?1995?the?IOC,?ICAS?and?CAS?decided?that?during?the?Atlanta?Olympicsan …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2598/1998 ‘Organization of the Olympic Games – Athens 2004’ S. 218-222

„… ct’?that?the?countryis?called?upon?to?implement,?requires?coordination?and?effectiveness.The?regulations?of?Law?2598/1998?dealt?also?with?the?protection?of?the?Olympicsymbols?and?indicia?(article?3 …” „… ).?By?the?provision?of?the?said?article,?the?Olympicsymbol? (five? interlaced? rings? of?one …”

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Stefanie Pietsch, Gudrun Doll-Tepper, Gerald Fritz, Manfred Lämmer - Bildungspotenziale der Olympischen Idee

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Stefanie Pietsch (ed.), Gudrun Doll-Tepper (ed.), Gerald Fritz (ed.), Manfred Lämmer (ed.)

Bildungspotenziale der Olympischen Idee

2021

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Gudrun Doll-Tepper, Heike Tiemann Deaflympics – Paralympics – Special Olympics:Die Olympische Bewegung wird vielfältiger S. 141-164

„… – Anfänge und Entwicklungen Die Special Olympics-Bewegung startete in den 1960er Jahren auf Initiative von …” „… ). Bemerkenswert ist die zunehmende Beteiligung von nationalen Special Olympics-Organisationen und teilnehmenden …” „… der Special Olympics-Bewegung gab es spezielle Regelwerke und Klassifikationen, die sich deutlich von …”

Mark Solomeyer Mit Herzblut und Leidenschaft S. 353-356

„… Mit Herzblut und Leidenschaft Mark Solomeyer Der Special-Olympics-Athlet Mark Solomeyer erzielte in …” „… der Sportart Badminton seinen größten Erfolg mit der Goldmedaille bei den Special Olympics World Games …” „… 2007. Seit 2014 ist er Athletensprecher und Vizepräsident von Special Olympics Deutschland und vertritt …”

Annegret Korff Mehrwert für die Gesellschaft –Sportgroßveranstaltungen aus gesellschaftspolitischer Perspektive S. 307-318

„… olympics. com, „Olympic Channel“ App, Social Media und in einigen Ländern auf TV Kanälen. Angeboten werden …” „… Deutsche Behindertensportverband/Nationales Paralympisches Komitee (DBS/NPC). Special Olympics …” „… International Der Dachverband für die internationale Special Olympics Organisation ist „Special Olympics …”

Holger Preuß Die Olympische Bewegung und das Geld S. 243-268

„… (DBS/NPC). Special Olympics International Der Dachverband für die internationale Special Olympics …” „… Organisation ist „Special Olympics International, Inc.“. Das Motto/der Eid lautet „Let me win. But if I cannot …” „… win, let me be brave in the attempt.“ Der Dachverband in Deutschland ist Special Olympics …”

Gerald Fritz, Stefanie Pietsch, Matthias Thaler Erziehungs- und Bildungspotenziale der Olympischen Idee S. 383-394

„… Sportler*innen sowie der Special Olympics für Athlet*innen mit geistiger Behinderung und Mehrfachbehinderung …” „… . Der Leistungsgedanke bei den Special Olympics etwa ist mit dem der Olympischen Spiele, der Paralympics …” „… bisweilen beschwerlichen Weg zur Teilnahme an Olympischen Spielen, Paralympics, Special Olympics oder …”

Holger Kühner Vom Komitee zum Konzern – Das IOC und seine multimedialen Spiele S. 269-292

„… olympics. com, „Olympic Channel“ App, Social Media und in einigen Ländern auf TV Kanälen. Angeboten werden …” „… Deutsche Behindertensportverband/Nationales Paralympisches Komitee (DBS/NPC). Special Olympics …” „… International Der Dachverband für die internationale Special Olympics Organisation ist „Special Olympics …”

Marcel Reinold, Justus Kalthoff Fair Play – ethische Grundlagen und pädagogische Potenziale S. 191-212

„… Behindertensportverband/Nationales Paralympisches Komitee (DBS/NPC). Special Olympics International Der Dachverband für die …” „… internationale Special Olympics Organisation ist „Special Olympics International, Inc.“. Das Motto/der Eid …” „… Deutschland ist Special Olympics Deutschland (SOD). Zu ihren Ergebnissen gelangt die Ethik dabei auf …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Protagonist*innen 5 aus dem Team D, Team D Paralympics, Special Olympics sowie der Deaflympics zu Wort und schildern …” „… Olympics: Die Olympische Bewegung wird vielfältiger 141 Gudrun Doll-Tepper, Heike Tiemann „Mit weiblichem …”

Autor*innen S. 399-404

„… sie national und international aktiv. Des weiteren gehören die Paralympics und Special Olympics zu …” „… Wissenschaft von Special Olympics Deutschland. Dr. Petra Tzschoppe Petra Tzschoppe ist Fachgebietsleiterin …”

Jürgen Mittag Die Autonomie des Sports im Widerstreit: Sportpolitische Herausforderungen der Olympischen Bewegung und der Olympischen Spiele im 21. Jahrhundert S. 213-242

„… Behindertensportverband/Nationales Paralympisches Komitee (DBS/NPC). Special Olympics International Der Dachverband für die …” „… internationale Special Olympics Organisation ist „Special Olympics International, Inc.“. Das Motto/der Eid …” „… Deutschland ist Special Olympics Deutschland (SOD). Den Ansprüchen an Good Governance ist der Sport im Zuge …”

Petra Tzschoppe „Mit weiblichem Applaus als Belohnung…“Geschlecht und Teilhabe im olympischen Sport S. 165-190

„… digital – erreichbar über olympics. com, „Olympic Channel“ App, Social Media und in einigen Ländern auf …” „… (DBS/NPC). Special Olym ics International D r Dachverband für die international Special Olympics …” „… Organisation ist „Special Olympics International, Inc.“. Das Motto/der Eid lautet „Let me win. But if I cannot …”

Gerald Fritz, Matthias Thaler Olympische Erziehung und Bildung in Deutschland: Ansätze der Deutschen Olympischen Akademie S. 395-398

„… Olympische Spiele, Paralympics, Deaflympics oder Special Olympics World Games, ist dafür nur bedingt geeignet …”

Martin Schnitzer, Thomas Schwarzbauer Was bleibt nach zehn Jahren Olympische Jugendspiele? S. 293-306

„… best of the Olympics or a poor copy? European Sport Management Quarterly, 13(3), 315–338 …”

Stefanie Pietsch Von Olympischer Erziehung zu Olympischer Bildung S. 11-30

„… der Deaflympics, Paralympics und Special Olympics sowie die Entwicklung des olympischen …”

Ansgar Molzberger Mehr als ein Sportereignis: Die modernen Olympischen Spiele – von Athen 1896 bis München 1972 S. 83-110

„… Olympics and the Making of modern Germany. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press. Spitzer, G. (1999 …”

Roland Naul Historische und pädagogische Grundlagen der Olympischen Erziehung S. 63-82

„… Säulen: “Understanding the Olympics, international understandings, public morality, commercial morality …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783896659552

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Andrew Zimbalist

Circus Maximus

2020

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What's Wrong with the Olympics and the World Cup? S. 1-8

„… 11What’s Wrong with the Olympics and the World Cup?No city wanted to host the 1984 Olympic Games …” „… Olympics back then, and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was desperate to find a venue. With no …” „… 9:54 AM2 CIRCUS MAXIMUS1932 Olympics.1 This favorable deal, together with some clever and aggressive …”

Notes S. 183-218

„… (www.theguardian.com/sport/datablog/2012/jul/26/london-2012 -olympics-money).57. IOC, Olympic Marketing File, 2014, pp. 7, 26.58. Zjan …” „… /olympic-sailors-boat-damaged-by-floating-garbage-in-rio-s-bay.html).59. Interview with Kfouri by Barreto.60. Mike Sheridan, “Racing to Get Ready: Rio 2016 Olympics …” „… Olympics.Zimbalist_Circus Maximus_3rd Edition_a,b_i-xviii_1-235.indd 208 5/6/20 9:54 AM209Notes to Pages 120–2271. Ari …”

Preface

„… events—Economic aspects. | Olympics—Economic aspects. | World Cup (Soccer)—Economic aspects. Classification: LCC …” „… the 2024 Olympics.With Governor Patrick’s maneuver, my cynicism about our po-litical process and what …” „… the Olympics and the World Cup.” —The GuardianBrazil hosted the 2016 men’s World Cup at a cost of $15 billion to …”

The Long-Run Economic Impact S. 61-79

„… shared his impressions of the aftermath of the 2004 Athens Olympics:If you spend some time wandering the …” „… debt from the Vancouver Winter Olympics:The immediate legacy for this city of 580,000 is a nearly $1 …” „… 614The Long- Run Economic ImpactAs the costs for hosting the Olympics and the World Cup have …”

Setting the Stage S. 9-36

„… ). These newest reform efforts are also discussed in the postscript.Financing the OlympicsTable 2- 4 shows …” „… that competitors in the Greek Olympics were always directly or indirectly paid, others maintain that …” „… hosted the Games in 1908, and Stockholm in 1912. The Stockholm Olympics are remembered for the legendary …”

Index S. 219-0

„… ., 44amateurism goal (IOC), 9–10, 11, 13, 21American Olympics Committee, 14anabolic steroid use, 18 …” „… ; Pyeongchang, 163; Rio Olympics, 115; Sochi, 49, 160; South Africa, 49; Tokyo concerns, 171–172. See also …” „… effects of, 73, 78–79; Montreal Olympics, 1, 18; Rio Olympics, 162; Sochi Olympics, 89. See also cost …”

Bread or Circuses? S. 130-150

„… plan was not created posthaste to work for the Olympics.Many other factors worked in Barcelona’s favor …” „… 1307Bread or Circuses?The perennial claims that hosting the Olympics or the World Cup is an engine …” „… Olym-pics, but hosting was seen as a vehicle to put the plan into action. Barcelona used the Olympics; the …”

The Short-Run Economic Impact S. 37-60

„… Thornton report estimated that the London Olympics in 2012 increased output by at least $17 billion and …” „… during the 2008 Summer Games, as it did in London during the 2012 Olympics. That is, even counting the …” „… year China hosted the Summer Olympics.6Yet another issue is that profits earned by local businesses …”

Postscript S. 151-182

„… been raised again for the Tokyo Olympics.The Boston DebacleThe rise and the fall of the Boston Olympic …” „… high-lights that pertain most poignantly to the economic gamble behind hosting the World Cup and the Olympics …” „… the bid process for the 2010, 2014, and 2018 Winter Olympics and discovered that the cost of bidding …”

Barcelona and Sochi S. 80-98

„… gains from hosting the Olympics. The advance planning, the sources of funding, and the inherent …” „… Games.In 1983, city planners put out a preliminary report on the feasibil-ity of hosting the Olympics and …” „… Zimbalist_Circus Maximus_3rd Edition_a,b_i-xviii_1-235.indd 81 5/6/20 9:54 AM82 CIRCUS MAXIMUSthe 1992 Olympics …”

Rio-Brazil and London S. 99-129

„… Summer Olympics, and Brazil, of course, also hosted the World Cup just two years before Rio hosted the …” „… Olympics. The contrasts between the Rio- Brazil and London experiences are manifested along several …” „… hosted the 2014 World Cup and Rio de Janeiro hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics. In theory, there should …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815738626

Andreas Hebbel-Seeger, Thomas Horky, Hans-Jürgen Schulke - Sport und Inklusion - ziemlich beste Freunde?

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Andreas Hebbel-Seeger (ed.), Thomas Horky (ed.), Hans-Jürgen Schulke (ed.)

Sport und Inklusion - ziemlich beste Freunde?

2014

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Imke Kaschke 5 Gesundheitsförderung für Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung – das Healthy-Athletes-Programm von Special Olympics Deutschland S. 97-107

„… Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung Besser sehen – Special Olympics-Lions Club International Opening Eyes …” „… von Special Olympics Deutschland Von Dr. Imke Kaschke MPH 5.1 Special Olympics Deutschland (SOD …” „… ) Special Olympics Deutschland unter der Schirmherrschaft von Daniela Schadt ist die deutsche Organisation …”

Roman Steuer 16 Öffentlichkeit schaffen und Akzeptanz fördern: Unterstützung von Behinderten bei Sky Deutschland S. 243-246

„… eine gesunde Lebensweise zu begeistern. Die Sky Stiftung arbeitet u. a. auch mit Special Olympics …” „… Bayerischen Regionalspielen von Special Olympics präsent. 2012 führte Sky das Corporate-Volunteering-Programm …” „… davon im Rahmen der Nationalen Sommer- und Winterspiele von Special Olympics. 16.2 Sky und Special …”

18 Autorenverzeichnis S. 264-271

„… OLYMPICS DEUTSCHLAND (seit 2011 als erster Vizepräsident) an. Neben Aufgaben in der verbandlichen …” „… hauptamtlich das Healthy-Athletes-Programm bei Special Olympics Deutschland e.V. (SOD). Sie ist verantwortlich …” „… . Christine Nienaber ist seit 2010 im Kulturbereich von Special Olympics Bremen beschäftigt. Bei den …”

Bernhard Conrads 3 Die Konvention der Vereinten Nationen für die Rechte behinderter Menschen und ihre Auswirkungen auf Barrierefreiheit, Zugänglichkeit und Bewusstseinsbildung. Oder: Wie baue ich die Inklusionspyramid... S. 62-79

„… Olympics” entgegen (keine Sonder-Olympics, sondern eine olympische Bewegung von sehr besonderen Menschen …” „… nicht gerecht. Abb. 1: Special Olympics Altenberg 2011 – Eiskunstlauf: Athlet Benjamin Wilkinson Foto …” „… Präsident des DOSB hat davon gesprochen, dass er – etwa bei Special Olympics – den olympischen Geist wie …”

Hans-Jürgen Schulke 1 Inklusive Sportgroßveranstaltungen zwischen Vision und Wirklichkeit S. 16-38

„… Spielen von Special Olympics, in den Massenmedien eine ähnliche Wirkung erzielt, unser Verständnis von …” „… Behindertensportverband (DBS) und seinen Vereinen. Special Olympics Deutschland (SOD) zählt annähernd 50.000 Aktive …” „… Werkstattbericht. 2011 fanden in Athen die Weltspiele von Special Olympics statt, im Jahr 2012 beeindruckten die …”

Lina Rahlf, Laura Mittenzwei, Irina Krupacheva 14 Das Miteinander von Athleten und Unified-Partnern – eine teilnehmende Beobachtung beim Freiwurf Hamburg S. 218-236

„… Unified-Sports-Gedanken von Special Olympics auf. 1 x in der Woche treffen sich die Sportler zum gemeinsamen Spielen und …” „… Spendengeldern22. 14.2.2 Unified Sports® Im Special Olympics Handbook Unified Sports® ist folgende Definition …” „… aufgeführt: „Special Olympics Unified Sport ist ein Programm, bei dem eine annähernd gleiche Anzahl von …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-15

„… Healthy-Athletes-Programm von Special Olympics Deutschland …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 5.1 Special Olympics Deutschland (SOD …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 16.2 Sky und Special Olympics …”

Manfred Wegner 17 Inklusiver Sport: Leistungsverhalten und emotionale Kompetenz im Sport von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung S. 247-263

„… Olympics Deutschland (SOD), Deutscher Gehörlosen Sportverband (DGS)) entwickelt und schließlich im …” „… Wettkampfsysteme für Menschen mit Behinderungen wie die Paralympics oder Special-Olympics-Veranstaltungen, wo wir …” „… „FußballFreunde“ von Special Olympics Deutschland und der DFB-Stiftung Sepp Herberger untersucht (Pochstein, Mohr …”

Alexander Mohr 13 Nachwuchspreis – Die „Socialympics“ 2012 – die Rolle von Twitter® und Facebook® bei einem Sportgroßereignis wie den Olympischen Spielen S. 197-217

„… / olympics-experts-network-twitter RZ_Sport_und_Inklusion.indd 216 08.05.14 09:48 217 Sport und Inklusion – ziemlich beste …” „… :// www.guardian.co.uk/sport/london-2012-olympics-blog/2012/jul/27/guardiansecond-screen-london-2012 The Olympic Athletes‘ Hub (2012 …” „… Ende der Wettkämpfe in einer Sportart die meisten Tweets absetzt. Auch im Olympics Twitter Tracker des …”

Jenny Schröder, Christine Nienaber 15 Bühne für Helden – inklusive Showinszenierungen mit sportlichem Aspekt S. 237-242

„… Special Olympics Bremen ins Leben gerufen. Dieses Projekt ermöglichte es, Menschen mit Behinderung eine …” „… Olympics Bremen erhielt für das Projekt im September 2012 die Auszeichnung Stern des Sports in Silber für …”

Christoph Bertling 12 Zwischen Quantität und Qualität – Herausforderungen an Sport, Medien und Kommunikation bei den Paralympics 2012 S. 184-196

„… Vernachlässigung erfahren beispielsweise die Special Olympics. Im Jahr 2012 lassen sich bei den einflussreichsten …” „… überregionalen und regionalen Zeitungen 348 Artikel zu den Special Olympics finden, hingegen von den …”

Ulrich Meseck, Joanna Wiese 6 Ressourcenentwicklung durch sportliche Aktivierung als Ziel der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung in Werkstätten für Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung S. 108-127

„… unterschiedlichen Bereichen waren zum Zeitpunkt des Projektbeginns Vorstandsmitglieder von Special Olympics Bremen …” „… wettbewerbsfreie Angebot von Special Olympics Deutschland analysiert, Spielesammlungen bearbeitet und …”

Hanns-Christian Kamp 11 Die Paralympics als Mega- und Mediensportevent – der große Sprung von London und die Berichterstattung in der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung S. 168-183

„… als Special Olympics separat organisiert. In puncto (medialer) Aufmerksamkeit stehen sie längst nicht …”

Dietrich Milles 4 Gesundheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit, Begründungen für das Zusammenwirken von Sport, Inklusion und Gesundheitsförderung S. 80-96

„… bei Special Olympics praktiziert. In diesen Systemen gibt es eine größere Wertschätzung der …”

Elisabeth Wacker 2 Inklusion bei Behinderung im Sport? Der neue Teilhabebericht der Bundesregierung als Richtschnur S. 39-61

„… werden erarbeitet, z. B. von Special Olympics Deutschland (SOD), aber auch vom Deutschen …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783840310706

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