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Katharina Summann - Vergabegrundsätze und Vergabeverfahren im Rechtsvergleich Deutschland - U.S.A.

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Katharina Summann

Vergabegrundsätze und Vergabeverfahren im Rechtsvergleich Deutschland - U.S.A.

Series: Schriften zum Vergaberecht

Volume 13 2007

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Das „competitive negotiation“-Verfahren S. 160-187

„… öffentlicher Aufträge in den U.S.A. fast keine Bedeutung mehr zu. III. Das „competitive negotiation“-Verfahren …” „… CICA direkt das von ihnen bevorzugte „competitive negotiation“ zur Verfügung, so dass der Bedarf, der …” „… Das „negotiation“ hat im U.S.-amerikanischen Vergaberecht eine beispiellose Karriere erlebt. War es …”

Reformen des U.S.-amerikanischen Vergabeverfahrens S. 144-156

„… negotiation“, welches sich durch die Möglichkeit des Austauschs zwischen öffentlichem Auftraggeber und …” „… („negotiation“) mit potentiellen Vertragspartnern und die Berücksichtigung anderer Kriterien als des Preises bei …” „… der Auftragsvergabe in gesetzlich definierten Ausnahmefällen zulässig sein sollten. Das „negotiation …”

Gegenüberstellung einzelner Vergabevarianten S. 228-234

„… deutschen scheidet daher aus. 2. Flexiblere Vergabevarianten: „competitive negotiation“ und „sole source …” „… U.S.-amerikanischen Vergaberecht steht dem öffentlichen Auftraggeber standardmäßig das „competitive negotiation“ zur …” „… . „competitive negotiation“ Hinsichtlich des Verfahrensablaufs entspricht der wettbewerbliche Dialog in weiten …”

Fazit S. 206-210

„… negotiation“ sowie den noch mehr Entscheidungsfreiräume gewährenden „simplified procedures“ und scheint …” „… Dialog mit den Anbietern zulassende „competitive negotiation“ zur Verfügung. Neben diesen Verfahrensarten …” „… Art und Weise vergeben. Bevorzugte Vergabevariante ist das „competitive negotiation“. Diese …”

Das „sealed bidding“-Verfahren S. 156-160

„… „competitive negotiation“-Verfahren Das „negotiation“ hat im U.S.-amerikanischen Vergaberecht eine beispiellose …” „… Elemente des „sealed bidding“ mit denen des flexibleren „negotiation“ kombiniert.530 Die Entscheidung, den …” „… dieselben Vorgaben zu beachten, wie sie für die Verhandlungen beim „competitive negotiation“ gelten.534 Auf …”

Begutachtung des Gesamtkonzepts der Vergabearten S. 210-228

„… wie bei der Novellierung des „negotiation“ das Kunststück gelingt, einen praktikablen Kompromiss …” „… vergaberechtlichen Kernprinzipien strukturierte Vergabevariante – namentlich das „competitive negotiation“ – steht …” „… Geheimhaltungsinteressen der Anbieter entgegenstehen. Zwar trägt der im Rahmen des „competitive negotiation“ in den U.S.A …”

Das sog. „sole source procurement“ – Vergabe außerhalb wettbewerblicher Strukturen S. 187-189

„… Verdichtung des Regelungsgeflechts hat sich das „competitive negotiation“ so von einem nur in Ausnahmefällen …” „… Auftragsvergabe im Wege des „competitive negotiation“ als „erprobte Version“ angesehen werden kann, weil es in …” „… Einfluss auf die Annahme, dass das „competitive negotiation“ in der Regel das am Besten geeignete …”

Der Prozess der Auftragsvergabe S. 238-241

„… . Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass das flexible „competitive negotiation“, welches im Wesentlichen mit dem …” „… „competitive negotiation“ als wettbewerbliches Verfahren erfolgte in den U.S.A. Mitte der 80er Jahre. Ähnlich …” „… „competitive negotiation“ vorsah und dieses daher als wettbewerbliches Verfahren neben dem „sealed bidding …”

Lockerung des Vergaberechtsregimes für Aufträge unterhalb bestimmter Schwellenwerte und besondere Auftragsgegenstände S. 189-203

„… öffentlichen Auftrags existieren noch einige besondere Vergabevarianten, die als Sonderfälle des „negotiation …” „… „sealed bidding“ oder des „competitive negotiation“ vergeben, obwohl der Auftragswert den Schwellenwert …” „… „sealed bidding“ und des „competitive negotiation“. Die praktische Auswirkung dieser dogmatischen …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… ) „Invitation for bids“ 159 3. Zusammenfassung 159 III. Das „competitive negotiation“-Verfahren 160 14 1 …” „… Effizienzerwägungen 230 c) Schlussfolgerung 230 2. Flexiblere Vergabevarianten: „competitive negotiation“ und „sole …” „… v. „competitive negotiation“ 230 aa) Berücksichtigung der traditionellen Grundsätze des …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 243-258

„… Nash&Cibinic Report (1987), S. 56 ff. Cibinic, John Jr. / Nash, Ralph Jr., Competitive Negotiation: Saving the …” „… ., Competitive Negotiation: A better system?, 6 Nash&Cibinic Report (1992), S. 1 ff. Cibinic, John Jr. / Nash …” „… ., Competitive Negotiation, The Source Selection Process, 2nd Edition, Washington D.C. 1999 Cibinic, John Jr …”

Leistungsbezogene Verfahrensarten S. 205-206

„… flexibleren „competitive negotiation“ sowie den noch mehr Entscheidungsfreiräume gewährenden „simplified …” „… Dialog mit den Anbietern zulassende „competitive negotiation“ zur Verfügung. Neben diesen Verfahrensarten …”

Fazit S. 141-144

„… formalisierte „sealed bidding“ und zum anderen das flexiblere „competitive negotiation“, welches sich durch die …”

Competitive Sourcing: Contractor v. Government Performance S. 78-98

„… U.S.-amerikanischen Vergabeverfahren – in der Regel dem „sealed bidding“ oder dem „competitive negotiation …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845203584

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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.15 (Negotiations in bad faith) S. 515-516

„… (Negotiations in bad faith) (1) A party is free to negotiate and is not liable for failure to reach an agreement …” „… . (2) However, a party who negotiates or breaks off negotiations in bad faith is liable for the losses …” „… negotiations when intending not to reach an agreement with the other party. A. Avoiding a Cultural Clash …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.6 (Suspension by arbitral proceedings) S. 775-776

„… domestic laws,21 the UNIDROIT Principles do not provide for suspension in case of negotiations22 (although …” „… contract.24 (“In addition, in case of negotiations over a dispute, section § 203 BGB (German Civil Code …” „… negotiations can avoid judicial proceedings, and secondly, because he operates mostly in a jurisdiction in …”

Stefan Kröll Article 7 Issuing Bank Undertaking S. 1436-1439

„… negotiation” that will be interpreted as referring to the expiry date for presentation. As is clearly stated …” „… accepted a draft drawn on it, does not pay at maturity; v. negotiation with a nominated bank and that …” „… under Article 6 (c).5 Should the parties nevertheless make the credit available by negotiation of a …”

Stefan Kröll Article 2 Definitions S. 1422-1426

„… . Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank …” „… necessary to perform a credit providing for negotiation. That makes it necessary in certain instances to …” „… obligations, i.e. facilitate the enforcement of such obligations. The term “negotiation” has its origin in the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.11 (Manner of monetary redress) S. 694

„… negotiations or in preparing an “arbitration award on agreed terms” to split the weight of an award in several …” „… instalments (in practice, this may avoid on occasion lengthy ‘post-lump-sum-award negotiations’ to render a …” „… and once two years of negotiations about enforcement of large arbitral awards. 6 Official Comments …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.12 (Currency in which to assess damages) S. 694

„… negotiations or in preparing an “arbitration award on agreed terms” to split the weight of an award in several …” „… instalments (in practice, this may avoid on occasion lengthy ‘post-lump-sum-award negotiations’ to render a …” „… and once two years of negotiations about enforcement of large arbitral awards. 6 Official Comments …”

Stefan Kröll Article 6 Availability, Expiry Date and Place for Presentation S. 1433-1435

„… payment, acceptance or negotiation. c. A credit must not be issued available by a draft drawn on the …” „… negotiation will be deemed to be an expiry date for presentation. ii. The place of the bank with which the …” „… payment, deferred payment, acceptance or negotiation. In practice, compliance with this obligation to …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 18 CISG S. 81-92

„… that the goods were dispatched in error.9 Past practices and usages, as well as prior negotiations and …” „… declarations are ambiguous or matters are left open for further negotiation, intention to be bound may be …” „… CISG Lisa Spagnolo 83 4 5 6 ceptance in a language other than the language of the offer, negotiations …”

Stefan Kröll Article 8 Confirming Bank Undertaking S. 1440-1441

„… , does not pay at maturity; e) negotiation with another nominated bank and that nominated bank does not …” „… negotiate. ii. negotiate, without recourse, if the credit is available by negotiation with the confirming …” „… negotiation with the confirming bank. This parallelism reflects the economic and practical purpose of a …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.6 (Interpretation and supplementation of the Principles) S. 490-491

„… prescription through mere negotiations. When representing German businesses used to such a possibility, the …” „… a rule on interrupting a limitation period by negotiation) and thereby to deviate from the scheme of …” „… such principles in the negotiation, the other party might reconsider if it wants to conclude a contract …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.19 (Contracting under standard terms) S. 520-521

„… repeated use by one party and which are actually used without negotiation with the other party. A. A …” „… a pre-printed form)12 and (iii) which are actually used ‘without negotiation’.13 The length of the …” „… definition, negotiation of an issue avoids ‘surprise’. Under the frame of the UNIDROIT Principles it is …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… 3.2.9 Bad faith – breaking of negotiations UNIDROIT 2.1.15 2 – examples UNIDROIT 2.1.15 2 – justified …” „… reliance UNIDROIT 2.1.15 2 – negotiation in bad faith UNIDROIT Bank account Dir. 2011/7/EU 3 24 et seqq …” „… negotiations UNIDROIT 10.5 5 – ‘dépeçage’ excluding rules on limitation periods UNIDROIT 10.3 7–10 – ‘waiver …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.1 (Intention of the parties) S. 561-563

„… native to native negotiations), the respective perception of the ‘plain meaning of … terms’3 or the …” „… the parties (Art. 4.3 lit. a–c, including the negotiation 8 E.g. §§ 133, 157 German Civil Code ‘BGB …” „… night-time or jet legged cross cultural negotiation experiences with parties from different backgrounds, at …”

Stefan Kröll Article 5 Documents v. Goods, Services or Performance S. 1433

„… payment, acceptance or negotiation. c. A credit must not be issued available by a draft drawn on the …” „… negotiation will be deemed to be an expiry date for presentation. ii. The place of the bank with which the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.13 (Conclusion of contract dependent on agreement on specific matters or in a particular form) S. 511

„… in a particular form) Where in the course of negotiations one of the parties insists that the …” „… or compliance with a certain form.6 By doing so, each party to a contract negotiation can avoid the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.16 (Duty of confidentiality) S. 517

„… course of negotiations, the other party is under a duty not to disclose that information or to use it …” „… confidentiality of any information provided (expressly or impliedly)3 ‘as confidential’ during the negotiations …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.6 (Contra proferentem rule) S. 568

„… circumstances such as the degree to which the negotiations have concentrated on the clause.9 If the parties …” „… agree to start their contract negotiation on the basis of a draft of a third party (e.g. a neutral …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.7 (Linguistic discrepancies) S. 568

„… circumstances such as the degree to which the negotiations have concentrated on the clause.9 If the parties …” „… agree to start their contract negotiation on the basis of a draft of a third party (e.g. a neutral …”

Peter Mankowski Article 84 CISG S. 388-391

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2. Commodum ex negotiatione cum re …” „… deducted in the buyer’s favour.43 Commodum ex negotiatione cum re The buyer has to restitute proceeds from …” „… selling the goods to a third party (commodum ex negotiatione cum re). This relates to the effectively …”

Stefan Kröll Article 9 Advising of Credits and Amendments S. 1442-1443

„… . 8(a)(i)(b)-(e)). If the credit provides for negotiation by the confirming bank, the confirming bank …” „… pursuant to Article 8 (a)(ii) undertakes to negotiate the credit. Such negotiation is to be made with …”

Stefan Kröll Article 13 Bank-to-Bank Reimbursement Arrangements S. 1449-1450

„… “negotiation” in Article 6. Article 12 (c) Notwithstanding, the absence of an obligation to act by the …” „… actions “constitute honour or negotiation”. Article 13 Bank-to-Bank Reimbursement Arrangements a. If a …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.1 (Manner of formation) S. 499-500

„… negotiations”.2 The principles on interpretation in Arts. 4.2-4.3 (including the ‘reasonable person of the same …” „… (→ Art. 2.1.14). B. A ‘Relaxed’ Approach towards Contract Negotiation In view of the many hurdles to …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 14 CISG S. 58-69

„… obligation to enter a contract, binding agreements imposing liability for breaking negotiations, or a binding …” „… standard terms during pre-contractual negotiations long ago,68 an ambiguously worded reference to the …” „… in the meeting room of negotiations (55), however, it is suggested that the applicability of the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… Allan, Precontractual Liability and Preliminary Agreements: Fair Dealing and Failed Negotiations, 87 …” „… international commercial negotiations, e.g. a rule on available defences of a jointly and severally liable …” „… different approaches to typical contractual questions. This includes topics which come up in negotiations …”

Raimond Emde Article 6 S. 1275-1276

„… usually be higher, as they are associated with individual approaches and more complex negotiations. Other …” „… factors to be considered could include for example a long period of negotiation, consulting expenses …”

Stefan Kröll Article 12 Nomination S. 1447-1448

„… negotiation. Introduction Article 12 regulates the role, the status and the obligations of nominated banks …” „… confirmation agreement between negotiating bank and a supplier does not affect the negotiation obligation under …”

Peter Mankowski Article 5 CISG S. 31-32

„… negotiations is at a crossroads.22 It would require specific regulation which is not provided anywhere in the …” „… CISG whereas, on the other hand, the CISG in principle governs negotiations as is evidenced by Arts …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.2.1 (Contract to be observed) S. 620-621

„… contract according to the favor contractus principle (→ Introduction no. 8). In negotiations, if one of the …” „… unknown to the other party in a contract negotiation in Algeria, and hardship was discussed on the basis …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.2.2 (Definition of hardship) S. 622-623

„… B. A Reminder to Pacta Sunt Servanda as a ‘Mission Statement’ Helpful for any negotiation about a …” „… . c, while ‘strike’ (always an issue in negotiations of force majeure clauses) is a debatable event19 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.14 (Rights related to the right assigned) S. 738-739

„… withdraws its defence within a reasonable time – sufficient to resolve the dispute by negotiation between …” „… ) In negotiations between civil law and common law trained jurists or merchants, the holistic approach …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.1 (Conditions of set-off) S. 698-705

„… moment of contract negotiation and drafting, setoff is usually a side topic, if it becomes a topic at all …” „… time pressure of contract negotiations. Rather, depending on their specific legal background, in their …” „… , in most international negotiation contexts, the parties are likely to ignore their risk profile in …”

Article 1.7 (Good faith and fair dealing) S. 492-493

„… liability for breaking off pre-contractual negotiations in bad faith (Art. 2.1.15) or to invoke a “grossly …” „… relationship10 (starting with the negotiations → Art. 2.1.15(2)) and in a general way, although, in addition it …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.8 (Supplying an omitted term) S. 569-570

„… negotiation in case of dispute, the risk and the costs of a dispute remain under control (experience from …” „… expressly stated in the contract, (ii) the preamble to the contract, if any, and (iii) prior negotiations …”

Stefan Kröll Article 28 Insurance Document and Coverage S. 1486-1488

„… coverage must be calculated on the basis of the amount for which honour or negotiation is requested or the …” „… “the amount for which honour or negotiation is requested” or “the gross value of the goods as shown on …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.14 (Contract with terms deliberately left open) S. 512-514

„… fact that they intentionally leave a term to be agreed upon in further negotiations or to be determined …” „… instrument of negotiation or determination fails for some reason, para. 2 upholds the contract ‘provided that …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.2 (Full compensation) S. 676-678

„… . 2.1.15(2) (breaking off negotiations in bad faith whereby the Official Comments restrict the quantum of …” „… negotiations and may also be compensated for the lost opportunity to conclude another contract’);9 (ii) breach …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.1 (Scope of the Chapter) S. 761-764

„… perspective the mere existence of chapter 10 is helpful as an eye opener in international negotiations. In …” „… reasonable reliance of the other party);36 by engaging in negotiations shortly before the expiry of the …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 24 CISG S. 116-129

„… an agent is empowered to represent a party in contractual negotiations, then any spoken declarations …” „… declaration, given the circumstances, language used during negotiations and in past dealings between the …” „… in the language of the negotiations, the language risk often falls on the addressee,120 especially …”

Peter Mankowski Article 8 CISG S. 42-46

„… APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 42 Peter Mankowski 19 20 21 case including the negotiations, any practices …” „… negotiations, any practices which the parties have established between themselves, usages and any subsequent …”

Peter Mankowski Article 1 CISG S. 11-19

„… would be very detrimental to introduce a split within the negotiation process, a turning point before …” „… place during possibly prolonged negotiations. Only a proper contract with exacting binding obligations …” „… capable of being the primary, or even exclusive, interlocutor for third parties e.g. in the negotiation of …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 19 CISG S. 93-101

„… already encompassed by the offer, or implied within it, especially if preliminary negotiations, past …” „… contract, background and circumstances, past practices and/or trade usages.31 Prior negotiations, framework …” „… . 57 And in this sense, the prior negotiations: Art. 8(3) CISG. 58 See discussion of acceptance ‘By …”

Klaus Ramming Article 24 Limitation of actions S. 1056-1060

„… negotiations are terminated or not longer continued. National law may also provide that the limitation period …” „… only continues a certain period of time after negotiations are terminated. Other typical cases where …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 43 S. 988