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W.A. Rivera - Iranian Strategic Influence

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W.A. Rivera

Iranian Strategic Influence

2021

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Chapter 8: Iraq S. 107-152

„… nationalist force. Many Iraqis, even many Iraqi Shi‘a, do not want to see Iraq fall under Iranian dominance …” „… took over Iraq’s sec-ond largest city. Mosul was defended by the Iraqi Army and police, which had been …” „… long game in Iraq.THE SUCCESSION OF SISTANI: THE MARJA’IYYA AS INFLUENCE NETWORKShi‘a clerics are …”

Chapter 10: Conclusion S. 179-224

„… Iraq’s security infrastructure, he knew he was giving Iran a large field of play. But even Abadi had to …” „… ; it can be decisive for Iran’s influence in Iraq.I spent some time in the Iraq chapter above …” „… influence in Iraq than they do in Lebanon. The main constraint to Iran’s Iraqi strategy is not the United …”

Chapter 9: Syria S. 153-178

„… to Mahmoud, “Many of its volunteers hail from Iraq’s Shi‘a heartland, where the group started some …” „… windows of opportunity created by the U.S. invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq—all boons to …” „… Resistance. And this mobilization of religious identity, as we have seen in Iran and Iraq, is likely to have …”

Chapter 6: Resistance in Iran’s Near Abroad S. 81-82

„… support to Lebanese Hizb’allah. Iraq is key to both those efforts. In addition to being the primary space …” „… for the Shi‘a Revival, a social movement stretching from Lebanon to Bahrain, Iraq is also perched at …” „… Council (GCC) is difficult to overstate. Iraq, under Saddam Hussein’s reign, was known as the Shield of …”

Bibliography S. 227-232

„… 227Abdul-Hussain, Hussain. 2020. “Why Iraq’s PM Should Heed Al-Sistani and Disband Iranian Militias …” „… amas- anti- isis- war -b eliev e -us- creat ed -ex tremi sts.Sowell, Kirk H. 2014. “Iraq’s Second Sunni …” „… .” Arab News, October 16, 2020. https :/ /ww w .msn .com/ en -ae /news /othe r /why -iraq -s -pm -shou ld …”

Chapter 5: How Iran Does Influence S. 67-80

„… examined with care in the chapter below on Iran’s influence operations in Iraq.There is an interesting …” „… . policy—stove-piped into separate U.S. concerns such as the war in Iraq, the Israel-Palestinian peace process, the …” „… bear in any confrontation.Throughout the U.S. invasion and occupation of Iraq, Iran used asymmet-ric …”

Chapter 7: Lebanon: The Hizb’allah Model S. 83-106

„… then eventually exiled to Turkey and then to Najaf, Iraq.The hope of the Shah was to silence Khomeini …” „… the West (Harik 2004, 11–12). Sadat in Egypt, Hussein in Iraq, and even the Royal Saudis, though not …” „… prominence, but also to shed light later on what is currently going on in Iraq. That is, Strategic Influence …”

Chapter 1: The History of Resistance S. 15-28

„… Iraq. It is hard to overestimate the impact that this dual threat, at the very beginning of its …” „… not resolved before the Iran-Iraq War. Many of these divisions persisted throughout and after the war …” „… executions (Arjomand 2009, 24). They had survived the Iran-Iraq War despite overwhelming odds and Saddam …”

Introduction S. 1-14

„… Iraq and Syria through its proxies as it does in Lebanon through Hizb’allah. They are also actively …” „… stability in Iraq, Afghanistan, the Persian Gulf, the Caspian Sea, and Central Asia-leads in numerous and …” „… behavior—proxy wars—brought Iran’s behavior in Lebanon, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen front and center in U.S.-Iranian …”

Chapter 2: The Ideology of Resistance: Adaptive Resistance S. 29-42

„… of Tehran, men in their fifties and representative of the veterans of the Iran-Iraq war, he has …” „… officer, served in the Iran-Iraq war, is in his fifties, and is moving from positions of executing policy …” „… Iran-Iraq war, being loyal to the Supreme Leader, and the rising power of these young nationalists make them …”

Preface

„… Influence 676 Resistance in Iran’s Near Abroad 817 Lebanon: The Hizb’allah Model 838 Iraq 1079 Syria 15310 …”

Chapter 3: The Structure of Resistance: Designed Redundancy S. 43-52

„… in Lebanon, Iraq, and Syria. These three modes of resistance are the essence of the revolutionary …”

Chapter 4: Strategic Influence S. 53-66

„… Iran is currently attempting to deploy in Iraq and Syria. …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538164686

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James Dobbins

Foreign Service

2017

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Losing the Peace: Iraq S. 269-277

„… 261TWENT Y- S I XLosing the Peace: IraqTHE RAND CORPORATION GOT ITS start during World War II as a …” „… Iraq for de cades. Fi nally, most of Iraq’s neighbors were opposed to the invasion. These governments …” „… so what? Why should the United States care so intensely about Iraq’s chemical weapons in 2003 when it …”

Reflections S. 305-316

„… catastrophically deteriorating situation in Iraq.In his fi rst term Obama largely avoided neophyte errors by …” „… government activity that needs oversight, just as do the actual wars in Af ghan i stan and Iraq.Unhappiness …” „… Obstacles to Peace, Dobbins and others, RAND, 2013. Refl ections 301and then in Iraq, to deploy a large and …”

Index S. 317-339

„… approval for, 149; Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, approval of international response to, 113; Iraq War not …” „… Germany to Iraq (Dobbins and others), 264Anderson, Jack, 31Andrews, George, 29Angola, 53Annan, Kofi , 140 …” „… ; Blair meeting with, 229–30; Bosnia and, 225; Iraq War justifi cation and, 262–63; JD refl ections on …”

A New Administration S. 233-239

„… administration agreement to scale back international sanctions against Iraq. Errera was frankly incredulous when …” „… negotiations with North Korea. Yet within the administration the center was still holding, even on Iraq. This …”

Losing the Peace: Afghanistan S. 259-268

„… Af ghan i stan and later in Iraq.In late 2001 I was selected for promotion by the Foreign Ser vice …” „… of the Union address, on January 29, President Bush included Iran, along with North Korea and Iraq …”

Afghanistan Again S. 278-304

„… own staff. Lute had joined the Bush White House as its war czar during the darkest days of the Iraq …” „… the American military withdrawal from Iraq. His support for the president’s decision to end the …” „… American presence in Iraq and to draw down troop levels in Af ghan i stan put him at odds with the Pentagon …”

Exiting Haiti S. 162-168

„… i stan and Iraq.In the fall of 1995 Haiti held parliamentary elections. These went off peacefully …” „… form the fi rst post- invasion Iraqi government, in 2004. Brahimi was low- key, soft spoken, and …”

From Community to Union S. 128-136

„… become equally bemused that George W. Bush could be re-elected after invading Iraq by mistake and then …”

Preface

„… Losing the Peace: Iraq 261TWENTY- SEVEN Afghanistan Again 270TWENTY- EIGHT Refl ections 297 Index 309 …”

A Small Town in Germany S. 85-100

„… that country’s ongoing war with Iraq.Only later did we, along with the rest of the world, learn the …”

Another War, Another Assignment S. 240-258

„… would later encounter in Iraq.Brahimi had met me halfway with the arrangements for access to this …”

A World Reordered S. 101-114

„… groups at Defense, the CIA, Trea sury, and the White House. By early morning we had frozen Iraqi fi …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815730200

Hauke Brunkhorst - Demokratie in der Weltgesellschaft

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Hauke Brunkhorst (ed.)

Demokratie in der Weltgesellschaft

Series: Sonderheft Soziale Welt

Volume 2009

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Andrew Arato Post Sovereign Constitution Making and its Pathology in Iraq S. 471-490

„… campaign against Iraqi nationalism, themselves rooted in the type of war that produced Iraq’s external …” „… the Iraqi state, and the destruction of the state had to destroy Iraq, it is also possible that both …” „… violent nature of the former process, I considered even the externally imposed character of Iraq’s …”

Philipp Dann The Internationalization of the Constituent Power of the Nation S. 491-506

„… ): Iraq: From Belligerent Occupation to Iraqi Exercise of Sovereignty, in: Max Planck Yearbook of UN Law 9 …” „… (Sudan, Iraq and East Timor), and by assessing them from the perspective of their legality and their …” „… process. 2.2 Iraq In the case of Iraq, the factual context is well-known.14 Suffice perhaps to say that …”

Alexandra Kemmerer The Pouvoir Constituant in Times of Transition. A Comment on Andrew Arato and Philipp Dann S. 507-518

„… campaign against Iraqi nationalism, themselves rooted in the type of war that produced Iraq’s external …” „… , Affiliations and Allegiances, Cambridge, 67- 84. McGarry, John / O’Leary, Brendan (2007): Iraq’s Constitution …” „… -2003 Iraq. Their key questions are different, stressing input- and output-legitimacy respectively: »Is …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Post Sovereign Constitution Making and its Pathology in Iraq Andrew Arato 473 The Internationalization …”

Hauke Brunkhorst There Will Be Blood. Konstituionalisierung ohne Demokratie? S. 99-124

„… – Constitution-making Under External Influence in Iraq, Sudan and east Timor, in: Max Planck UNYB 10/ 2006, S. 1-41 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845215921

Eric Patterson - Military Chaplains in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Beyond

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Eric Patterson (ed.)

Military Chaplains in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Beyond

2014

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Chapter 5. The Iraqi Inter-Religious Congress and the Baghdad Accords S. 77-94

„… Multi-National Force–Iraq—in tandem with the work of NGOs, faith leaders, and senior Iraqi clerics to bring an …” „… ground an Iraqi civil war. Religious opportunity was defined by al-Qaeda in Iraq, Shia militias, and …” „… milita-rizing the intent and outcome.6. Keep this an Iraqi initiative. We facilitate, but Iraq must solve …”

Index S. 215-220

„… , 209Iraq Inter-Religious Congress (IIRC), 77–93, 203Iraqi Scholar’s Group (ISG), 87–88Iraq Study Group …” „… (Iraq interim prime minister), 81All African Conference of Churches, 121al-Maliki, Nouri (Iraq president …” „… ), 79, 83, 87, 90; government of, 82al-Rubaie, Dr. Mowaffak (Iraq national security advisor), 81, 83 …”

Chapter 4. Beginnings: The Army Chaplaincy and the War on Terror, 2001–2005 S. 63-76

„… that deployed in 2002 and 2003 to Afghanistan and Iraq, respectively.Looking specifically at Iraq, U.S …” „… States Institute of Peace, the religious environment in Iraq after the downfall of Saddam Hussein was one …” „… there are Sufi Muslims and even Christians in Iraq, they play a minimal role in politics). Sunni …”

Preface

„… . Eric Patterson in their hands at the begin-ning of the global war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq.I …” „… Military Chaplains in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Beyond14_201-Patterson.indb i 7/3/14 11:09 AMAbout …” „… , Iraq, and BeyondAdvisement and Leader Engagement in Highly Religious EnvironmentsEdited by Eric …”

Chapter 11. Contemporary Challenges and Future Opportunities for U.S. Chaplains S. 201-214

„… subsequent gatherings. Meetings in Iraq became institutionalized in the High Council of Iraqi Religious …” „… intercommunal violence. In a similar way, Chaplain (Colonel) Mike Hoyt reports that the Iraq Inter-Religious …” „… Congress (IIRC) brought together high-ranking religious leaders in Iraq for the first time since sectar-ian …”

Chapter 1. The Modern Military Chaplaincy in the Era of Intervention and Terrorism S. 1-18

„… as peace builders in real-world contexts from Iraq to Afghanistan to East Timor to Kosovo since the …” „… , Afghanistan, and Iraq. More specifically, this book looks at the work of contemporary military chaplains in …” „… Shield/Storm followed by allied air forces enforcing the no-fly zones over Iraq, or peacekeeping deployments in …”

Chapter 9. Military Chaplaincy: Religious Leadership and Character Development S. 147-170

„… , then–commander of Multi-National Force–Iraq, that only about half of U.S. military personnel would report a …” „… warfare in Iraq and Afghanistan, where the enemy challenged the basic principles of the laws of armed …” „… important finding as the military draws its lessons from Iraq and Afghanistan, cares for its veterans …”

Chapter 7. Peace Building through Religious Engagement in East Africa S. 113-128

„… divide and be effective in building bridges to other cultures. With U.S. military engagement in Iraq …” „… religious-leader liaison, and they have unique qualifications to make it effective.”4 When I was deployed to Iraq …” „… Afghanistan, Iraq, or Africa, has been inconsistently addressed by military, diplomatic, and development …”

About the Contributors S. 221-226

„… religious affairs (2011–2012) and to Operation Iraqi Freedom 2008, Al Anbar, Province, Iraq, as 3rd Marine …” „… United States was fighting dual wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. During his tenure, he en-sured …”

Chapter 10. Occupational-Stress Coping Skills of Military Chaplains: The Role of Spiritual Intelligence S. 171-200

„… issues and needs.14 Chaplains in Iraq and Afghanistan have been responsible for up to fifteen hundred …” „… chaplains.The post–9/11 environment and the increased deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan, in conjunction with …” „… Deployment to Iraq,” Military Medicine 173 (2008): 1–9.22. Brewin et al., “Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors.”23 …”

Chapter 8. Strategic Engagement and Advisement at the CENTCOM Center of Excellence S. 129-146

„… poorly understood other cultures, including the highly religious contexts of places like Iraq and …” „… who had been involved with religious-leader engagements in Iraq and Afghanistan. The analysts also …”

Chapter 6. Military Chaplains as Whole-of-Government Partners S. 95-0

„… patient at the Al Razzi general teaching hospital in Mosul, Iraq, August 21, 2003, during Operation Iraqi …” „… his community from the majority Sunni population. The Sunni-Shia sectarian violence of Iraq held many …” „… AMChaplain Compton from 2nd Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, gives a Beanie Baby to an Iraqi child who is a …”

Chapter 2. Understanding the Role and Influence of U.S. Military Chaplains S. 19-42

„… the past decade of active warfare in Afghanistan, Iraq, and beyond, this chapter seeks to provide an …” „… Iraq and Afghanistan and a general unfamiliarity with serv-ing in a military environment, as well as …”

Chapter 3. Chaplains Advising Warfighters on Culture and Religion S. 43-62

„… served effectively as liaisons with religious leaders in both Afghanistan and Iraq, mitigating conflict …” „… . . . . [During] Operation Iraqi Freedom some chaplains were not as prepared as they should have been to teach …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442235403

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Neil J. Diamant

Embattled Glory

2010

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Chapter 9. Conclusion: Walter Reed, Iraq, and China S. 403-424

„… 9 Conclusion: Walter Reed, Iraq, and China In early 2007, just as I was drafting the chapter on …” „… Post broke a story that exposed numerous cases of inadequate care of disabled Iraq and Afghanistan war …” „… the problems facing veterans Conclusion: Walter Reed, Iraq, and China 405 upon their return from war …”

Preface

„… : Walter Reed, Iraq, and China 403 Appendix A: A Brief Survey of Archival Materials in China 425 Appendix B …” „… though this country has been at war in Iraq and Afghanistan for close to six years already (a war that …” „… , compete with each other in their professed support for the soldiers. Even though the war in Iraq is deeply …”

Chapter 6. Vulnerable Heroes: Veterans' Health, Family, and Sexuality in Chinese Politics S. 251-306

„… to have been wounded in Falluja, Iraq, while valiantly repulsing her attackers, served, at least for …” „… families"; 119 and in the contemporary United States, not a few veterans of the war in Iraq have …” „… Journal of Medicine found that one of six soldiers returning from the war in Iraq (not the 1991 Persian …”

Index S. 453-462

„… Interior Ministry: clarification of aid eligibility, 207; depriving disabled veterans of benefits, 268 Iraq …”

Appendix C. Source Materials S. 433-452

„… Press, 2006. Bilmes, Linda. "Soldiers Returning from Iraq and Afghanistan: The Long-Term Costs of …”

Chapter 5. Stuck in the State's Cement and Falling Through Its Cracks: Veterans in Policy and Bureaucracy S. 199-250

„… veterans of the second Iraq War-it is possible that better policies could have made a big difference. At …” „… country.3 After toppling Saddam Hussein, it was a blunder to dismantle the Iraqi Army without making any …”

Chapter 3. The Complications of Veteran Identities S. 99-152

„… as relevant today. In the Iraq War, the state and the media created the perfect patriotic hero out of …” „… imagery from the Marines raising the flag at Iwo Jima); and recently in the Iraq War. And, contemporary …”

Chapter 2. To the City or Bust: Veterans and the Quest for Urban Citizenship S. 55-98

„… justice as well. One could scarcely imagine informing soldiers returning from Iraq, "Sorry, we canceled …”

Chapter 8. Salt in the Wounds: Veterans in the Reform Era, 1978-2007 S. 355-402

„… one chapter or article; if history (or the war in Iraq) is any guide, these veterans did not, and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780742557680

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