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Eckart J. Brödermann - UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts

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Eckart J. Brödermann

UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts

2023

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Introduction to the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 1-24

„… Unidroit PrinciplesIntroduction to the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts …” „… the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“Unidroit Principles” or “PICC”) when …” „… M. J. Bonell on “Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts: A Valid and Cost Saving …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. V-CLIV

„… UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial ContractsEckart J. BrödermannAn Article-by-Article …” „… CommentarySecond EditionNomosUNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial ContractsAn Article-by-Article …” „… Group on the International Commercial ContractsXIIITHANK YOUSuch a project would be impossible to …”

Annex to Preamble S. 41-74

„… — Unidroit Principles as General Principles of International Commercial Contract LawIntroductionIn …” „… international commercial contracts (→ Preamble para. 1) in the Unidroit Principles qualify, as a whole, not only …” „… to international commercial contracts (argumen-tum → Art. 1.6 (1)) and of the Statute of Unidroit …”

Preamble (Purpose of the Principles) S. 25-40

„… Unidroit Principles.2Para. 1: General rules for international commercial contractsThe Unidroit Principles …” „… provide ‘rules’, not law. They are ‘mass customised’ to the needs of international commercial contracts …” „… International Commercial Contracts (see www.unidroit.org/instruments/commercial-contracts …”

Chapter 2 Formation and Authority of Agents S. 103-162

„… Contract NegotiationIn view of the many hurdles to international, often intercultural and long-distance …” „… Law on the Formation of Contracts for the International Sale of Goods)2 to bridge between diverging …” „… commercial contracts even if, in many domestic laws, it is not explicitly codified. See by way of example G …”

Chapter 3 Validity S. 163-206

„… combination with an arbitration clause, can govern a cross-border international commercial contract in the …” „… of international commercial contracts, especially between com-panies, regularly involves third …” „… with lack of capacity.A Self-Explanatory DistinctionInternational contract negotiation involves a …”

Chapter 9 Assignment of Rights, Transfer of Obligations, Assignment of Contracts S. 479-550

„… international commercial contracts (Preamble, para. 1), concluded on the basis of freedom of contract (Art. 1.1 …” „… on International Trade (UNCITRAL Assignment Convention)8 and the Principles of European Contract Law …” „… international contract law (→ Introduction no. 17) which provides the basis for the application of the Unidroit …”

Chapter 5 Content, Third Party Rights and Conditions S. 227-280

„… parties)22912Consequence of a ’Common Project’The Unidroit Principles perceive international contracts as …” „… Up International Contracts for the Construction of Industrial Works); S. Vogenauer in Vogenauer, Art …” „… International Contracts for the Construc-tion of Industrial Works, 14 August 1987 …”

Chapter 4 Interpretation S. 207-226

„… (Unidroit Study XVI B – Validity of contracts of international sale of goods (1965-1972), printed in Unif …” „… commercial contracts find the time to research an applicable state law for its rules and jurisprudence on …” „… interpretation. This is helpful even for interna-tional inter-company contracts under the Unidroit Principles …”

INDEX S. 647-676

„… principles of contract law, Annex to Preamble [12-17]as an expression of customs or usages of international …” „… contractas compared to hardship 6.2.2 [1]General principles of international com-mercial …” „… Law on Internation-al Commercial Conciliation, 10.7 [1]UNCITRAL Resolutions on the Unidroit Principles …”

Chapter 11 Plurality of Obligors and of Obligees S. 587-646

„… result is a well readable and compact set of rules; an eye-opener for any international contract lawyer …” „… §§ 288-289 Restatement 2nd (USA), and in note 32 to exceptions for commercial con-tracts in (some) legal …” „… . Born, International Commercial Arbitration (2021) Vol. 1, pp. 666-671 for private international law …”

Chapter 1 General Provisions S. 75-102

„… start with an explicit commitment to freedom of con-tract,1 a prerequisite for international commercial …” „… to overcome issues which are beyond ‘international commercial contracts’ (Preamble para. 1) or which …” „… the Contract for the Interna-tional Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR); Art. 29 of the Convention on the …”

Chapter 6 Performance S. 281-324

„… international commercial contracts and (ii) the de minimis non curat praetor principle).Article 6.1.3 (Partial …” „… clause for all other contracts (i.e. a recurring “quick fix” in international contracting).5 Y. Atamer in …” „… ) ref-erencing to contract and commercial customs (→ Art. 1.9, 4.3 lit. f).5 Official Comments, Art. 6.1.4 no. 1 …”

Chapter 10 Limitation Periods S. 551-586

„… international commercial contracts’) ought to have known of the relevant facts. (ii) Business entities: In case …” „… pertinent private international law, the rules in Chapter 10 will apply as a matter of contract (lex …” „… International Courts and Tribunals, London 1953, pp. 158-160).27 Experience from practice for a contract …”

Chapter 8 Set-off S. 453-478

„… Approach“In line with their focus on international commercial contracts”27 and distinct from the regime in the …” „… insolvency regime or even by contract;94 but which, in inter-national commercial practice, is not that …” „… claims) will rarely play a role in international commercial contracts. If relevant, Art. 1.4 suffices to …”

Chapter 7 Non-performance S. 325-452

„… ignore that Art. 79 CISG has been part of its own international contract law for often many years. A more …” „… efforts, which is a current and helpful distinction in international contract drafting (especially of …” „… , ‘Breach of Contract’ in von Mehren (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law, Vo. VII …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748937708

Olaf Meyer - Principles of Contract Law und nationales Vertragsrecht

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Olaf Meyer

Principles of Contract Law und nationales Vertragsrecht

Series: Europäisches Privatrecht

Volume 35 2007

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Die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts S. 75-93

„… 75 II. Die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts 1. Entstehungsgeschichte a …” „… dem deutschen Recht hin, vgl. Basedow in: Bonell, New Approach to International Commercial Contracts …” „… of International Commercial Contracts of May 1994 shall be applied by the Arbitral Tribunal.“ 363 …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 335-373

„… to International Commercial Contracts) Couwenberg, Ilse: Contractsonderhandelingen in de …” „… ) Baron, Gesa: Do the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts Form a New Lex Mercatoria …” „… ) - Germany, in: Bonell, Michael Joachim (Hrsg.), A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts – The …”

Die Principles in Rechtsprechung und Wissenschaft S. 211-263

„… . Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Rome 1994, Article 7.4.3 Subs. 3 [...].“ Zur in …” „… Principles of International Commercial Contracts (1994) which state in sub-section (1) of article 7.4.8 as …” „… Principles of International Commercial Contracts).“ ll) ICC Nr. 10346, Baranquilla (Dezember 2000)1030 Zwei …”

Ansatz bei der Rechtsquellenlehre S. 113-130

„… United States, 87. 492 Bonell in: ders., A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 2 (3 …” „… Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 273 (279 f.). 497 Gray, RabelsZ 50 …” „… (1986), 111 (120). 498 Furmston in: ICC, The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts …”

Die Rolle der Principles als Modellgesetz S. 149-155

„… : Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 65 (70); Lefebvre/Jie, (2002) 36 R. J. T …” „… ); Rosett in: Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 387 (393); Ziegel in: UNIDROIT …” „… : Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 387 (393). 677 Gabriel, Tulane Law Review …”

ICC Nr. 9593, Paris (Dezember 1998) S. 311-312

„… reflected under Article 5.3 of the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts [...].“ 1432 …” „… good faith (articles 1.3 and 1.7 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts …” „… incurred. It is a long-standing practice of international arbitrators, as well as of the Iran-U.S. Claims …”

Ansatz bei der anwendbaren nationalen Norm S. 130-139

„… International Commercial Contracts, 301 (304). 573 Herrmann, (2001) B.L.I. Issue 3, 249 (251). 574 Bonell, ULR …” „… , A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 125 (144); Bonell, ULR 1997, 34 (39 …” „… : Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 387 (397 f.). 603 Frick, RIW 2001, 416 …”

Entscheidungen S. 271-277

„… .), Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 1994, at 127).“1256 2. Cour d’Appel de Grenoble, Urteil vom …” „… ) of the Unidroit Principles of lnternational Commercial Contracts, allowing the obligor to make …” „… intentions at the moment of conclusion of the contract […]. The principle of good faith thus establishes a …”

Versuch einer Definition S. 294-301

„… ; Cosmovici/Munteanu in: Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 281 (288); Piola-Caselli, RIW …” „… (Suppl.), 51 (53); Fouchard/Gaillard/Goldman, International Commercial Arbitration, 845. 1343 Vgl …” „… . 3 European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration (1961); Art. 17 Abs. 2 ICC Rules; Art …”

ICC Nr. 10021 (2000) S. 312-313

„… the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts) [...].“ Der Schiedsrichter stellte …” „… latest codification of international commercial trade usages. However, unless expressly incorporated by …” „… Commercial Code1437 in determining the rights and duties arising from a relationship of obligations, account …”

Die Einordnung und ihre Konsequenzen S. 318-327

„… Arbitration, 846; Hultmark in: Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 301 (304 …” „… Hultmark in: Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 301 (306): „[...] they may serve …” „… Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 85 (90). 327 Parteien liegen wird …”

Bedeutung des Handelsbrauchs im Wirtschaftsverkehr S. 293-294

„… Law of Contracts for the Americas?, 211 (216); Bianca/Bonell-Bonell, Commentary on the International …” „… ); Fouchard/Gaillard/Goldman, International Commercial Arbitration, 845. 1343 Vgl. § 1051 Abs. 4 ZPO. Ähnliche Regeln …” „… International Commercial Arbitration (1961); Art. 17 Abs. 2 ICC Rules; Art. 28 Abs. 2 AAA International Rules …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 19-24

„… United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (11.04.1980) 20 CISG-AC …” „… Commercial Terms der ICC, ICC Publikation Nr. 560 ED IPR Internationales Privatrecht IPRax Praxis des …” „… International & Comparative Law AöR Archiv des öffentlichen Rechts Art./Artt. Artikel Aufl. Auflage …”

Erwiderung auf die Einwände gegen eine rechtsvergleichende Auslegung S. 207-211

„… International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 253 (259 f.); Selden, Annual Survey of Int‘l & Comp …” „… „Common-Core“-Projekt nicht in Anspruch genommen. 998 Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, mit …” „… Vertragsrechtsvereinheitlichung und deutsches Recht, 1 (2); Beraudo in: ICC, The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial …”

Die rechtsvergleichende Auslegung in der Praxis S. 205-207

„… International Commercial Contracts, 95 (121 f.); Vogenauer, Die Auslegung von Gesetzen in England und auf dem …” „… .); Furmston in: Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 379 (380 f.), Zweigert/Kötz …” „… Urteilsformulierung wie etwa in Frankreich.974 966 Zum internationalen Stand vgl. die Beiträge in: Drobnig/van Erp …”

Die Principles als möglicher objektiver Auslegungsstandard S. 279-286

„… International Commercial Contracts, 301 (306). 1304 6. Kapitel, B. I. 7. 1305 BGH NJW 1985, 1838 (1839 f …” „… .“ 1316 Hartkamp in: ICC, The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex …” „… Auslegung internationaler Handelsgeschäfte, 69. Vgl. aber Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 206, wo …”

Entscheidungen S. 286-287

„… .“ 1316 Hartkamp in: ICC, The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex …” „… also received a boost from the fact it has been adopted in the United States and in international trade …” „… law without any evidence that commercial transactions have become unworkable or uncertain as a result …”

Der „Konflikt der Rechte“ S. 35-39

„… for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 253 (258). 63 Grundmann, Jb. junger …” „… Fouchard/Gaillard/Goldman, International Commercial Arbitration, 792 ff. In der Praxis gelten besonders das schweizerische …” „… Convention on the Law Applicable to International Contracts (1994), Art. 117 Abs. 1 schweizerisches IPRG. 61 …”

ICC Nr. 9753 (Mai 1999) S. 312

„… the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts) [...].“ Der Schiedsrichter stellte …” „… Commercial Code1437 in determining the rights and duties arising from a relationship of obligations, account …” „… , unless these are contrary to the contents of the contract or to the law. There are no special usages in …”

Alternativen zur legislatorischen Rechtsvereinheitlichung S. 47-64

„… gebräuchliche Handelsklauseln (International Commercial Terms). Ebenfalls mit nahezu weltumfassendem Erfolg …” „… Arrangements“ von 1998 und der „UNCITRAL Legal Guide on Drawing Up International Contracts for the Construction …” „… of Industrial Works“ von 1988. 145 Hultmark in: Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial …”

Fragestellung S. 25-26

„… Vertragsrecht.1 Die Teilnehmer waren aufgefordert worden, die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial …” „… ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht unter dem Titel „Europäische Vertragsrechtsvereinheitlichung und …” „… deutsches Recht“ ein Symposium zum Verhältnis von internationalen Vertragsrechtsprinzipien und deutschem …”

ICC Nr. 8873, Madrid (Juli 1997) S. 306-308

„… 306 NIDROIT Principles als Sammlung internationaler Bräuche verstanden werden können, trägt es in …” „… Rechtsregeln gefundenen Ergebnisses anhand internationaler Standards als Beitrag zur internationalisierenden …” „… . VII der Genfer Schiedsrechtskonvention1418 auch internationale Handelsbräuche zu berücksichtigen wären …”

Ad hoc-Schiedsspruch, Rom (04.12.1996) S. 304-306

„… . VII European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration (Geneva 1961): Applicable Law 1. The …” „… 304 einbart wird. Dabei kann es sich um lokale Usancen handeln, aber auch um internationale …” „… internationalen Schiedsverfahren neben dem Vertragssta- 1403 Craig/Park/Paulsson, ICC Arbitration, 331 …”

Füllung der Vertragslücken durch die Principles S. 287-292

„… Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 85 (87). 1327 Di Matteo, 43 …” „… standardised renegotiation clauses for international contracts“.1330 Von daher liegt es nahe, sie als typische …” „… 287 Als Belege führte er § 1-203 UCC, Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 205, Art. 1.7 UNIDROIT …”

Die Principles of European Contract Law S. 93-102

„… wirtschaftlichen Systemen.399 III. Die Principles of European Contract Law Das zweite internationale Restatement …” „… Commercial Contracts, 387 (393). 395 Huang, ULR 2003, 107 ff.; Lefebvre/Jie, (2002) 36 R. J. T., 519 ff …” „… die Möglichkeit, dass sich nationale oder internationale Gesetzgeber der UNIDROIT Principles als …”

ICC Nr. 9333, Genf (Oktober 1998) S. 310-311

„… International Commercial Contracts [...].“ 1432 Berger, AJCL 46 (1998), 129 (135 f.). 1433 Auszüge …” „… internationalen Handelsbräuche zurück, die nach seiner Ansicht auf den Zugang abstellten. Bei seiner Begründung …” „… long-standing practice of international arbitrators, as well as of the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal, to consider …”

Das Restatement als Instrument der internationalen Rechtsvereinheitlichung S. 69-75

„… Unification of Private Law, 5-180 (70 f.). 75 II. Die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial …” „… Contracts 1. Entstehungsgeschichte a) UNIDROIT Das erste der beiden hier vorzustellenden internationalen …” „… unter einen besonderen Begründungszwang.251 B. Internationale Restatements des Vertragsrechts I. Das …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-18

„… International Commercial Contracts 75 1. Entstehungsgeschichte 75 a) UNIDROIT 75 b) Vorarbeiten (1968-1980) 76 c …” „… . Anton K. SchnyderBand 35Olaf MeyerPrinciples of Contract Law und nationales VertragsrechtChancen und …” „… Gerichte als auch internationaler Schiedsgerichte veröffentlicht worden, welche die Thesen der Arbeit …”

ICC Nr. 10022, Wilna (Teilschiedsspruch, Oktober 2000) S. 313

„… principles represent the latest codification of international commercial trade usages. However, unless …” „… of European Contract Law.“ In der Entscheidung zur Hauptsache findet sich allerdings kein weiterer …” „… UN-Kaufrecht spielen die internationalen Handelsbräuche eine gewichtige Rolle und gehen sogar insgesamt der …”

Das Verhältnis zum staatlichen Recht S. 302-303

„… Schiedsrecht Raeschke-Kessler in: ICC, The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New …” „… amerikanischen Recht vgl. die Nachweise bei Baumann, Regeln der Auslegung internationaler Handelsgeschäfte, 55 ff …” „… . Bianca/Bonell-Bonell, Commentary on the International Sales Law, Art. 9 Anm. 1.3.1 …”

Feststellung der Handelsbräuche S. 303-304

„… Schiedsrecht Raeschke-Kessler in: ICC, The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New …” „… indizieren damit das Bestehen eines allgemeinen internationalen Prinzips. V. Feststellung der Handelsbräuche …” „… internationalen Schiedsgerichten. Schiedsrichter werden von den Parteien oft gerade wegen ihrer besonderen …”

Parallelprobleme im Einheitsrecht und in der lex mercatoria S. 313-315

Bedürfnis für einen autonomen Auslegungsstandard S. 277-279

„… Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 253 (260). 1273 Mayer, ICC – ICA Bull. 2002 (Suppl.), 105 (115 …” „… Auslegungsregeln gerade bei internationalen Verträgen zu Problemen führen.1269 So sind amerikanische Verträge als …” „… nachvertraglichen Verhaltens (Übersetzung durch den Verfasser). 1269 Baumann, Regeln der Auslegung internationaler …”

Legislatorische Vereinheitlichung des Privatrechts S. 39-47

„… , The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 253 (258). 63 …” „… Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration von 1985, derzeit Grundlage des Schiedsrechts in 51 …” „… internationale Sachverhalte völlig ungeeignet erweisen. Zu denken ist etwa an Mitteilungs- und Verjährungsfristen …”

Rechtliche Grundlagen S. 197-205

„… Fauvarque-Cosson in: Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 95 (121 f.); Vogenauer, Die …” „… angeordnete Berücksichtigung fremden Rechts a) Internationales Privatrecht Rechtsvergleichende Argumente …” „… , die eine Mitberücksichtigung fremden Rechts vorsehen, im Internationalen Privatrecht zu finden sind …”

Die Principles und die deutsche Schuldrechtsmodernisierung S. 155-192

„… Worten zusammen: „Die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts von 1994 und vor allem …” „… Abschluss von internationalen Kaufverträgen, Einheitliches Gesetz über den internationalen Kauf beweglicher …” „… ., 146, 148. 156 diese internationalen Entwicklungen in die frühe Reformdiskussion mit hineinspielten.705 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845205373

Hermann Hoffmann - Kammern für internationale Handelssachen

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Hermann Hoffmann

Kammern für internationale Handelssachen

Series: Recht und Gesellschaft - Law and Society

Volume 4 2011

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Integration der UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts S. 197-210

„… heranzuziehen. VI. Integration der UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts Die UNIDROIT …” „… Principles of International Commercial Contracts wurden vom Internationalen Institut für die …” „… International Commercial Contracts, sind nach den Grundsätzen des internationalen Privatrechts nicht mit …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 225-246

„… International Commercial Contracts, in: 46 American Journal of Comparative Law (1998), S. 129. Berger, Klaus P …” „… : UNIDROIT Principles 2004 – The new edition of the Principles of International Commercial Contracts adopted …” „… . Oser, David: The UNIDROIT principles of international commercial contracts: a governing law?, 2008 …”

Anwendbares Recht S. 85-98

„… Principles of International Commercial Contracts, in: Schwenzer/Hager (Hrsg.), FS Schlechtriem, 2003, S. 445 …” „… Unidroit-Principles of international commercial contracts447 anwählen zu können, ein Vorteil für die …” „… Oser, The UNIDROIT principles of international commercial contracts: A Governing Law?, 2008 und …”

Einleitung S. 15-27

„… UNIDROIT-Principles of International Commercial Contracts, also die kodifizierten Grundprinzipen des internationalen …” „… Redfern/Hunter, Law and practice of international commercial arbitration, 5. Aufl. 2009, Rdn. 1.01 ff.; Hoffmann …” „… (2008), 1 – 20. 31 Vgl. Redfern/Hunter, Law and practice of international commercial arbitration, 5 …”

Vollstreckbarkeit staatlicher Urteile im Ausland S. 210-213

„… certainty for parties to commercial contracts to control the risks they are exposed to in court litigation …” „… , Law and practice of international commercial arbitration, 5. Aufl. 2009, Rdn. 1.92. 1159 G.–P …” „… kritische Stimmen zu dieser Einschätzung, vgl. Born, International commercial arbitration, 2. Aufl. 2009, S …”

New York S. 159-164

„… staatliche Gerichte bei der Verhandlung internationaler Handelsstreitigkeiten strukturelle Nachteile …” „… dieser Zeit wurde 1993 als Pilotprojekt das »Commercial Court Program« im Gerichtsbezirk Manhattan …” „… Gerichtskammer in das bestehende Gerichtssystem integriert werden. Es wurde daher beschlossen, eine »Commercial …”

Auswahl des Richters und Anwahl der Kammer S. 193-197

„… Contracts Die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts wurden vom Internationalen Institut …” „… analoger Anwendung heranzuziehen. VI. Integration der UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial …” „… Richterin skeptisch gegenübersteht, muss die verbindliche Anwahl einer Kammer für internationale …”

Bremer Studien aus den Jahren 2003 bis 2006 S. 35-40

„… Redfern/Hunter, Law and practice of international commercial arbitration, 5. Aufl. 2009, Rdn. 1.121: »In purely …” „… weniger Schiedsabreden getroffen als in internationalen. Die Zunahme des internationalen Handels hat daher …” „… Wandel« soll die These, die Justiz spiele im internationalen Handelsverkehr keine bedeutende Rolle …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… und Anwahl der Kammer 193 VI. Integration der UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial …” „… Contracts 197 1. Nationale private Rechtsnormen 201 2. Internationale private Rechtsnormen 202 3 …” „… . Susanne Karstedt und Prof. Dr. Matthias Mahlmann Band 4Hermann HoffmannKammern für internationale …”

Schutz kleinerer und mittlerer Unternehmen S. 135-138

„… . Der Justizgewähranspruch macht nicht an der Landesgrenze halt; er wirkt auch im internationalen Raum …” „… Analysis of Cross–Border Legal Uncertainty, in: Smits (Hrsg.), The need for a European contract law 2005, S …” „… (2005), S. 1 – 18 (9); Charny, Nonlegal Sanctions in Commercial Relationships, 104 Harvard Law Review …”

Rechtsfortbildung und Rechtssicherheit S. 138-143

„… , International Arbitral Practice and the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 46 American …” „… Instanz: Die Berufungskammer der Zentralkommission für Rheinschifffahrt ist ein international748 besetztes …” „… internationale Instanz über eine mit der Zuständigkeit der nationalen Berufungsgerichte vergleichbare und mit ihr …”

Zusammenfassung S. 221-224

„… Commercial Contracts (2004) zum Bestandteil der deutschen Rechtsordnung zu erklären. Dies wäre für die …” „… kaum mit internationalen Handelsstreitigkeiten befasst sind. Es gibt zahlreiche empirische Indizien …” „… , die den Schluss zulassen, dass private Schiedsgerichte weitaus bedeutsamer für den internationalen …”

Wettbewerb zwischen privaten und staatlichen Gerichten S. 43-55

„… Law, 16 International Review of Law & Economics (1996), 141 – 172 (150). 164 Insofern besteht …” „… , Interjurisdictional Competition Within The European Uni–on, 23 Fordham International Law Journal (2000), 217 – 249 …” „… Justizdienstleistungen treten Mediatoren und internationale Anwaltsfirmen in Erscheinung, die spezielle …”

Kammern für internationale Handelssachen an den Landgerichten S. 175-178

„… – 251. 935 Vgl. Redfern/Hunter, Law and practice of international commercial arbitration, 5. Aufl. 2009 …” „… 175 Kapitel 5: Kammern für internationale Handelssachen Nationale Gerichte werden durch weltweit …” „… internationaler Handelsstreitigkeiten erscheinen lassen. Dass sowohl wirtschaftspolitische als auch …”

Dominanz der Handelsschiedsgerichtsbarkeit S. 28-31

„… , Applicable law in international commercial arbitration, 1978, S. 589. 101 Kohler, Die moderne Praxis des …” „… 28 Kapitel 1: Staatliche Gerichte und internationaler Handel Ein internationaler Handelsvertrag …” „… nationalen Rechtsordnungen auf. Ernst Rabel warnte davor: »Wer sich in das Dickicht des internationalen …”

Durchsetzbarkeit der gerichtlichen Entscheidung S. 100-105

„… Entscheidung Die Durchsetzbarkeit eines Schiedsspruchs und eines staatlichen Urteils sind im internationalen …” „… selten vollstreckt werden. So geht die Internationale Handelskammer (ICC) davon aus, dass über 90 % ihrer …” „… dennoch erforderlich wird, greift die internationale Handelsschiedsgerichtsbarkeit auf den nationalen …”

Staatliche Justizdienstleistungen zur Förderung der Wirtschaft S. 143-154

„… than substantive reasons, seem to predominate when parties to international contracts choose between …” „… Ausrichtung der deutschen Justiz auf internationale Handelsstreitigkeiten. Einerseits würden insbesondere …” „… Justizsystem wird als ein Faktor im internationalen Standortwettbewerb wahrgenommen.784 Es 783 Landes/Posner …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233253

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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… International Restatement of Contract Law: The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 3d ed …” „… .), Commentary on the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 1st ed. Oxford (2009). Selected …” „… European Contract Law and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (2004), Uniform Law …”

Peter Mankowski Introduction S. 1-8

„… also upon non-State “law” like the UNIDROIT Principles on International Commercial Contracts14 or the …” „… on International Commercial Contracts (PICC) (2nd ed., OUP, Oxford 2015) pp. 82-84; Finazzi Agrò …” „… , 722; Piers/Erauw, ‘Application of the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVI

„… Credit (UCP) and the UNIDROIT Principles on International Commercial Contracts (PICC). The ensuing …” „… Mankowski Commercial Law BUT_Mankowski_3315-6.indd 1 30.10.18 09:21 International and European …” „… a particular challenge. Not surprisingly, international commercial law has become the main field of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Preamble (Purpose of the Principles) S. 477-483

„… the Principles) These Principles set forth general rules for international commercial contracts. They …” „… ’. They are ‘mass customized’ to the needs of international commercial contracts (excluding consumer …” „… Clauses for the Use of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (see …”

Article 25 CISG S. 130-142

„… Principles for International Commercial Contracts 2010 (→ UNIDROIT Art. 7.3.1) and the Draft Common Frame of …” „… Contracts, 1 European Journal of Commercial Contract Law (2009) 19; Bortolotti, ‘Remedies Available to the …” „… Specific Performance Under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 14 CISG S. 58-69

„… Private Law (UNIDROIT), UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (2016) Art. 2.1.19 (2 …” „… , ‘Standard Terms in UN-Contracts of Sale’ (2004) 8 Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and …” „… UN-Contracts of Sale’ (2004) 8 Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 233, 235. Art …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 1 Subject matter and scope S. 1307-1310

„… in Commercial Transactions’, Bklyn Journal of International Law 2013, 702. Art. 1 Dir. 2011/7/EU …” „… are party to an international agreement which also regulates commercial transactions. The United …” „… Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) applies in the context of the …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 18 Damage to Cargo S. 1206-1212

„… , – section 452 b of the Commercial Code and by the Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract for International …” „… b of the Commercial Code and by the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of …” „… Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road [CMR] for transportation [by truck …”

Article 1.7 (Good faith and fair dealing) S. 492-493

„… ‘international commercial contracts’ (Preamble para. 1) or which are explicitly excluded (Arts. 3.1.1, 2.1.2(3 …” „… international consensus,1 the UNIDROIT Principles support contracts solely which are driven by a commercial …” „… ), openness to commercial usages (Art. 1.9), and the policy to keep contracts alive whenever possible (favour …”

Introduction Introduction LPC S. 418-421

„… Time-Barred: The Proper Limitation Regime for International Sales Contracts in International Commercial …” „… Time-Barred: The Proper Limitation Regime for International Sales Contracts in International Commercial …” „… However, as to international commercial arbitration over CISG contracts it was commended that the …”

Raimond Emde Article 15 S. 1284-1285

„… importance. It is a standard for the protection of the commercial agent. Agency contracts that have been …” „… 4 months for the commercial agent in the second year of the contract, recourse to Article 15 para. 2 …” „… of the parties to the agency contract that each party shall be entitled to receive from the other on …”

Peter Mankowski Article 1 CISG S. 11-19

„… the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration …” „… designed law for cross-border commercial sales contracts. Its Contracting States acknowledge this and abide …” „… the contract. Neither party with justified unawareness of the international nature of the contract …”

Raimond Emde Article 2 S. 1266-1271

„… Directive would continue to apply to the commercial agency contracts, was rightly omitted in the further …” „… waste disposal contracts23 and gas station commercial agents.24 Commercial agents who sell services …” „… – C-393/92, ECR 1994, I-1477 (1516). The commercial agent who mediates energy contracts should …”

Raimond Emde Introduction S. 1247-1264

„… conclusion and operation of commercial representation contracts where principal and commercial agents are …” „… Kingdom, there was no codified commercial agents law. General English contract and case law, particularly …” „… commercial agent has terminated the agency contract, “unless” such termination is justified by circumstances …”

Raimond Emde Article 19 S. 1299

„… Article 19 The parties may not derogate from Articles 17 and 18 to the detriment of the commercial …” „… agent before the agency contract expires. Article 19 stipulates that the indemnity schemes, including …” „… the grounds for exclusion, are mandatory. Regulations to the detriment of the commercial agent cannot …”

Raimond Emde Article 6 S. 1275-1276

„… intended by the parties to express their intent not to conclude a “typical” commercial agency contract, but …” „… to opt for an atypical contract (not subject to the protective regulation),2 is nothing more than …” „… legal romanticism. Private international law affords the parties some options to influence the …”

Marco Torsello Article 31 CISG S. 163-174

„… Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) (Beck/Hart/Nomos, 2011) para. 13. 4 Cf. J …” „… International Approach to the Interpretation of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International …” „… International Sale of Goods’ (2005) 9 Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 253, 268 …”

Marco Torsello Article 30 CISG S. 156-162

„… contract be supplemented by the default rules 1 See, F. Enderlein and D. Maskow, International Sales Law …” „… . United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (Oceana, 1992) 27; F. Ferrari …” „… , Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. Applicability and Applications of the 1980 United Nations …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.14 (Application for public permission) S. 615-616

„… , Public Law and Public Policy in International Commercial Contracts and the UNIDROIT Principles of …” „… International Commercial Contracts 2010: A Brief Outline, Uniform Law Review 2013, p. 262 and 275-276 (pointing …” „… at similar provisions in the 1976 International Commercial Contracts Law of the former German …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… rules and model contracts for international commerce (e.g. ICC Model International Sale Contract …” „… Mistelis/Pilar Perales Viscasillas (eds), UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG …” „… International Commercial Transactions’ in Camilla B. Andersen and Ulrich G. Schroeter (eds), Sharing …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.7 (Alternative dispute resolution) S. 777-778

„… preparatory work for the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Conciliation):5 (i) Upon the parties …” „… . 122. 5 See in the cutrrent text Art. 1(3) of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial …” „… Law on International Commercial Arbitration13 lists the usual ways of termination of an ADR proceeding …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.6 (Liability of agent acting without or exceeding its authority) S. 530

„… ’ as a Matter of Non-Contractual Law In many legal systems corporate and/or commercial law requires the …” „… registration of certain management or other positions (which entail certain powers as a matter of commercial …” „… and/or company law)18 in a commercial register which, as a matter of commercial law, documents the power …”

Stefan Kröll Introduction S. 1416-1419

„… Practices and the Growth of Commercial Contract Law’, 2015 Annual Review of International Banking Law and …” „… commercial letter of credit is preceded by at least two other contractual relationships, the sales contract …” „… international trade.1 They are one of the most important means of risk management to reduce and allocate the …”

Peter Mankowski Article 4 CISG S. 28-30

„… International Commercial Law and Arbitration 13 (2009), 131; Magnus, ‘Incorporation of Standard Contract Terms …” „… , ‘Extending the CISG to non-privity parties’, Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and …” „… non-privity parties’, Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 13 (2009), 109 …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… international contract law UNIDROIT Introduction 5 Uniform Rules of Reimbursement UCP Intro 10 Unintelligible …” „… Where the first beneficiary substitutes documents it can expect according to international letter …” „… CMNI 4 4 – sub-contract CMNI 4 2 – under CMNI CMNI 1 9 Adaptation of contract see Modification of …”

Raimond Emde Article 14 S. 1284

„… of the parties to the agency contract that each party shall be entitled to receive from the other on …” „… request a signed written document setting out the terms of the agency contract including any terms …” „… of requiring the written form as a condition of effectiveness of an agency contract. Scarcely any …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 18 CISG S. 81-92

„… Resurrected: Contract Formation: Common Law UCC CISG’ (2015) 40(2) North Carolina Journal of International Law …” „… Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts 2006 …” „… ) North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 275; Schroeter, Art. 18 para. 33 …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 24 CISG S. 116-129

„… Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 1980’ (1999) 6(1) EDI Law Review 6(1), 27. Compare …” „… Commerce and the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 1980’ (1999) 6(1 …” „… the CISG: Formation, Formalities and Validity’ (2002) 6 Vindobona Journal of International Commercial …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 79 CISG S. 367-376

„… account at the time of the conclusion of the contract or to have avoided or overcome it, or its …” „… the whole or a part of the contract, that party is exempt from liability only if: (a) he is exempt …” „… , in Ingeborg Schwenzer (ed), Commentary on the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 2 Definitions S. 1311-1320

„… this Directive, the following definitions shall apply: (1) ‘commercial transactions’ means transactions …” „… , regardless of the subject or value of the contract; (3) ‘undertaking’ means any organisation, other than a …” „… Member State whose currency is the euro, either: 32 Cf. Bilotta, ‘Ending the Commercial Siesta: The …”

Petra Butler Article 50 CISG S. 262-268

„… , ‘The Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the Uniform Commercial Code …” „… Convention for the International Sale of Goods’ 7 (2003) Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law …” „… and Arbitration 255; Commentary on the Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 3 Transactions between undertakings S. 1321-1333

„… 37 38 39 set up individually negotiated contracts.65 A provision laid down in general commercial …” „… agreements that are individually stipulated or contract clauses that are agreed upon in general commercial …” „… execution. Article 3 Transactions between undertakings 1. Member States shall ensure that, in commercial …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.9 (Non-assignment clauses) S. 727-728

„… with an international trend,13 prioritises the commercial need of the obligee and declares the …” „… prohibiting such an assignment. However, the assignor may be liable to the obligor for breach of contract. (2 …” „… the agreement. The assignor may then be liable to the obligor for breach of contract. A. A Balance …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.13 (Conclusion of contract dependent on agreement on specific matters or in a particular form) S. 511

„… the originally agreed, Arts. 2.1.4 and 4.8 may help to determine the contents of the contract.15 C …” „… . An International Compromise Art. 2.1.12 contains a strange rule for many common law lawyers in that …” „… it permits any alteration of contract by silence.16 It goes less far than some European legal systems …”

Raimond Emde Article 5 S. 1274

„… commercial agent. At the very least, the terms prepare a corridor for the required individual examination. In …” „… , unlike the commercial agent, is not subject to any fiduciary duty,10 he is only subject to the principle …” „… commercial agent for the information owed. The definition of the documentation which the principal must …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.1 (Definitions) S. 715-717

„… uniform rules on these subjects, the UNIDROIT Principles ”follow an international trend”,6 as found also …” „… in the UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring (UNIDROIT Factoring Convention),7 the United …” „… Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables on International Trade (UNCITRAL Assignment Convention …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.11 (Successive assignments) S. 731-732

„… initial contract with the obligor is governed by the UNIDROIT Principles, → Chapter 9, Introduction no …” „… UNIDROIT Principles, so that the (successive) assignee, as a reasonable commercial person, know or ought to …” „… ). (c) If the application of the UNIDROIT Principles to the initial contract is not evident by a choice …”

Peter Mankowski Article 7 CISG S. 37-41

„… Principles of International Commercial Contracts and the Vienna Sales Convention (CISG) – Alternatives or …” „… : How Much Regard Should We Have?’, Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 8 …” „… International Commercial Law and Arbitration 13 (2009), 15; id., ‘Homeward Trend and Lex Forism in Uniform Sales …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 28 CISG S. 150-152

„… Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1995) 95 et seq.; cf. Oberster Gerichtshof …” „… ’, Cornell Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1995) 95 et seq. 33 …” „… Specific Performance Under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.14 (Contract with terms deliberately left open) S. 512-514

„… Contract Conclusion Despite a Term Deliberately Left Open In international practice, it happens that the …” „… 2.1.14 (Contract with terms deliberately left open) (1) If the parties intend to conclude a contract, the …” „… by one of the parties or by a third person does not prevent a contract from coming into existence. (2 …”

CISG Marco Torsello Article 34 S. 186-189

„… /970812s1.html. 4 For a similar list, see Tribunal of International Commercial Arbitration of the …” „… . Perales Viscasillas (eds), UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG …” „… , Commentary on the Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (14 March 1979) Document …”

Marco Torsello Article 33 CISG S. 181-185

„… . Overview The most controversial issues regarding the delivery obligation in an international contract for …” „… International Commercial Transactions’, in C. B. Andersen and U. Schroeter (eds), Sharing International …” „… Perales Viscasillas (eds), UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.1 (Right to terminate the contract) S. 656-661

„… damages (Art. 7. 4.1. et seq.) and/or terminate the contract (whereby the time limit under Art. 7.3.2(2 …” „… performance.9 Section 3 Termination Article 7.3.1 (Right to terminate the contract) (1) A party may terminate …” „… the contract where the failure of the other party to perform an obligation under the contract amounts …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 16 CISG S. 74-78

„… ; Joseph Lookofsky, ‘The 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods …” „… ’ in J. Herbots and R. Blanpain (eds), International Encyclopaedia of Laws – Contracts (Kluwer Law …” „… the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale Ensure Uniformity?’ (1985) 25 Indian J Int’l L …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.2.2 (Relevant mistake) S. 540-541

„… Article 3.2.2 (Relevant mistake) (1) A party may only avoid the contract for mistake if, when the …” „… contract was concluded, the mistake was of such importance that a reasonable person in the same situation …” „… as the party in error would only have concluded the contract on materially different terms or would …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.6 (Exemption clauses) S. 637-640

„… . 7.1.6 no. 7 pointing at the overview of Fontaine/De Ly, Drafting International Contracts: An Analysis of …” „… E.g.: ‘This contract is to be interpreted and executed in a spirit of commercial loyalty’ (noted by …” „… in an international business contract, complying with the limits set forth by Art. 7.1.6 (as …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.1 (Conditions of set-off) S. 698-705

„… with their focus on international commercial contracts”15 and distinctly from the regime in the …” „… private enforcement.3 It is therefore particularly useful in international contracts. The details …” „… Cairo Regional Centre for International Commercial Arbitration); distinctly more liberal and favouring …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.9 (Interest for failure to pay money) S. 689-692

„… Practice and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, American Journal of Comparative …” „… seek substitute performance14, failure “to protect the subject matter of the contract from …” „… the contract, owes performance of a non-monetary obligation. In practice, Art. 7.4.9 is used in three …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.4 (Availability of defences and rights of set-off) S. 791-793

„… Convention and Born, International Commercial Arbitration (2014) Vol. 1, pp. 626-632 for private …” „… the contract formation (chapter 2, including e.g. objections against a surprising standard term, Art …” „… regarding the validity of the contract (chapter 3, e.g. Art. 3.3.1);8 (iii) Art. 7.1.3 (withholding …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 66 CISG S. 298-302

„… of contract. Economic foundations The sale of goods – particularly in an international setting – is …” „… International Sales Law (Giuffrè 1987). 9 Mitchell Stocks, ‘Risk of Loss under the Uniform Commercial Code and …” „… the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods: A Comparative Analysis …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Introduction S. 1179-1183

„… IX. CONVENTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN RULES FOR INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE BY AIR OF 1999 …” „… (MONTREAL CONVENTION) Bibliography: Paul Dempsey and Michael Milde, International Air Carrier Liability: The …” „… (Kluwer Law International, looseleaf) (cited as “Giemulla/Schmid”). Introduction A. The Warsaw Convention …”

Petra Butler Article 58 CISG S. 285-287

„… goods are handed over if the contract provides for a step-by-step performance. In all other scenarios …” „… buyer’s disposal in accordance with the contract and this Convention. The seller may make such payment a …” „… condition for handing over the goods or documents. (2) If the contract involves carriage of the goods, the …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 42 CISG S. 220-225

„… Vienna Sales Convention’ in Camilla B Andersen/Schroeter Ulrich (eds), Sharing international commercial …” „… property, of which at the time of the conclusion of the contract the seller knew or could not have been …” „… contemplated by the parties at the time of conclusion of the contract that goods were to be resold or otherwise …”

Peter Mankowski Article 10 CISG S. 51

„… concrete contract should be attributed to each other. Article 10 CISG For the purposes of this Convention …” „… closest relationship to the contract and its performance, having regard to the circumstances known to or …” „… contemplated by the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract; (b) if a party does not …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.1.3 (Initial impossibility) S. 537

„… arbitration clause, can govern a cross-border international commercial contract in the spirit of fair trade …” „… contract the performance of the obligation assumed was impossible does not affect the validity of the …” „… contract. (2) The mere fact that at the time of the conclusion of the contract a party was not entitled to …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.1.4 (Mandatory character of the provisions) S. 537

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.2.1 (Contract to be observed) S. 620-621

„… hardship. A. Inspired by International Contract Practice With its roots in large international contracts,1 …” „… . 6.2.1-6.2.3 transfer to all international contracts3 (with a choice of 3. 6 Vogenauer/Atamer Art. 6.1.17 no. 6 …” „… practice in commercial contracts governed by common law, see Harmathy, Attila, Hardship, in: Eppur si muove …”

Peter Mankowski Article 2 S. 425-426

„… of Electronic Communications in International Contracts which, too, is asserted as complementing the …” „… international if, at the time of the conclusion of the contract, the buyer and the seller have their places of …” „… parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract shall be taken into …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.2 (Limitation periods) S. 765-767

„… Principles are aiming,28 argumentum Preamble sentence 1: ‘rules for international commercial contracts …” „… contract (Art. 1.5), Art. 10.2 is based on the Gregorian calendar.10 Official holidays or non-business days …” „… , transfer of debts or entire contracts, the winding-up of companies, or unclear third-party beneficiary …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.5 (Effects of termination in general) S. 667-668

„… , Art. 7.3.5 no. 3 and Illustration 2, p. 261. 11 See e.g. Born, International Commercial Arbitration, 2 …” „… contract (Arts. 1.3, 1.5, e.g. by limiting withholding rights to the mutual obligations connected with a …” „… specific scope of work of a complex contract) or, in exceptional circumstances, (ii) the principle of good …”

Peter Mankowski Article 12 CISG S. 52-53

„… Requirement under the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale’, in: FS Peter Hay (2005) p. 279. 12 …” „… Withdraw?’, Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 8 (2004), 145. 13 Supreme …” „… whether the place of registration or the siège réel should feature as the seat. Article 11 CISG A contract …”

Petra Butler Article 62 CISG S. 293-294

„… Whether the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts May Be Used to Interpret or …” „… Perales Viscasillas, ‘International Distribution Contracts under the CISG’, in Ingeborg Schwenzer/Yesim …” „… still claim damages for delay in performance or to avoid the contract and claim damages if for example a …”

Peter Mankowski Article 81 CISG S. 381-383

„… Convention on the International Sale of Goods’, Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and …” „… the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980) as Uniform Sales …” „… Interpretation of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980) as …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.1.2 (Validity of mere agreement) S. 536

„… of the New York Convention, as argued by Born International Commercial Arbitration, Volume I, § 4.07 …” „… of mere agreement) A contract is concluded, modified or terminated by the mere agreement of the …” „… parties, without any further requirement. A. Merely Consensual Contracts Art. 3.1.2 shapes the freedom of …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 1 Scope S. 1128-1131

„… choose the law that is applicable to an international contract under civil law or commercial law. The …” „… VIII. COTIF APPENDIX B REGARDING THE UNIFORM RULES CONCERNING THE CONTRACT OF INTERNATIONAL …” „… to the contract of carriage. CIM are the Uniform Rules applying to every contract of international …”

Lisa Spagnolo Introduction to Articles 14–24 CISG S. 55-57

„… Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods: Convention on the Limitation Period in the …” „… “Mankowski”); New York Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts (2005 …” „… expectations of commercial parties in international trade, and the most efficient solution for such …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.4 (Duty to achieve a specific result. Duty of best efforts) S. 575-576

„… contract practice, it has become common in the author’s experience (e.g. in international M&A contracts) to …” „… cooperation precisely, especially in long-term contracts (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen). A list of concrete affirmative …” „… the constructions site). In complex (long-term) contracts with an obligee engaging several separate …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 1 Scope of Application S. 1184-1187

„… does not lose its international character merely because one contract or a series of contracts is to be …” „… RECOGNIZING the importance of ensuring protection of the interests of consumers in international …” „… the desirability of an orderly development of international air transport operations and the smooth …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.1 (Time of performance) S. 596-597

„… important that a missing term on any of these issues would prohibit contract conclusion (→ Art. 2.1.1 no …” „… principle of international good faith and fair dealing (Art. 1.7) which may lead to different results than …” „… domestic background. In international contexts with merchants and lawyers from different backgrounds it is …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.2.7 (Gross disparity) S. 546-547

„… contract or term in order to make it accord with reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. (3) A …” „… Article 3.2.7 (Gross disparity) (1) A party may avoid the contract or an individual term of it if …” „… , at the time of the conclusion of the contract, the contract or term unjustifiably gave the other …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.1 (Definitions) S. 751-752

„… .13 D. Limits (i) Contract14 (Art. 1.5). (ii) Mandatory law (Art. 1.4).15 Section 3 Assignment of …” „… Contracts Article 9.3.1 (Definitions) “Assignment of a contract” means the transfer by agreement from one …” „… arising out of a contract with another person (the “other party”). 2. 3. 8 Vogenauer/Mazza Art. 9.2.8 no …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.6 (Determination of quality of performance) S. 577-578

„… Contracts, in: Cranstron/Ramberg/Ziegel (eds.), Commercial Law Challenges in the 21st Century – Jan Hellner …” „… shall be had, among other factors, to (a) the way in which the obligation is expressed in the contract …” „… ; (b) the contractual price and other terms of the contract; (c) the degree of risk normally involved …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 26 CISG S. 143-145

„… , ‘Fundamental Breach in Documentary Sales Contracts’, 1 European Journal of Commercial Contract Law (2009) 19 …” „… processing generally, this breach of contract does generally not classify as fundamental. The criterion …” „… CISG A declaration of avoidance of the contract is effective only if made by notice to the other party …”

Petra Butler Article 55 CISG S. 280-282

„… , Tribunal of International Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of Commerce and Industry …” „… Article 55 CISG Where a contract has been validly concluded but does not expressly or implicitly …” „… the conclusion of the contract for such goods sold under comparable circumstances in the trade …”

Peter Mankowski Article 5 S. 431-432

„… from invalidity of the contract are covered.1 Art. 5 reflects particularities in the area of time …” „… limits. It makes clear that the Limitation Convention applies only to the usual type of commercial claims …” „… based on contract.2 The limitation periods for the expressly excluded issues are generally 9 To the same …”

Peter Mankowski Article 9 CISG S. 47-50

„… Contracts for the International Sale of Goods’, 25 Journal of Law and Commerce 107, 111 (2005). Chapter II …” „… of Usages in the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods’, 25 …” „… international trade is the Germanic kaufmännisches Bestätigungsschreiben (commercial letter of confirmation). If …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.12 (Writings in confirmation) S. 509-510

„… ‘Confirmations of the Contract’ Might Alter a Contract In long-distance commercial negotiations it is frequent …” „… favouring contract conclusion (favor contractus) once the key issues have been agreed6 and absent an …” „… agreement on the form of the contract conclusion (Art. 2.1.13), para. 2 provides for an exception for …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.10 (Currency not expressed) S. 611

„… lists German law (§ 361 German Commercial Code) and Art. 75(2) of the UN Convention on International …” „… the time of the agreed or the actual payment);17 in the contract, it may be helpful to provide for a …” „… designation of the EUR-currency illegible. Through contract interpretation (Arts. 4.1, 4.3-4.8; 5.1.1-5.1.2 …”

Peter Csoklich Article 1 S. 901-905

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 a) International contracts …” „… international carriages.2 Furthermore, CMR only applies to contracts of carriage. CMR itself does not define the …” „… (1981), 1 Lloyd’s Report 192; T. Libouton, ‘Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 72 CISG S. 327-331

„… allow a right to avoid the contract.4 Regardless, anticipatory breach has been a part of international …” „… ). 28 Kyle Winnick, ‘International Commercial Arbitration, Anticipatory Repudiation, and the Lex …” „… , ‘Avoidance for Fundamental Breach of Contract under the UN Convention on the International Sale of Goods …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.3 (Partial performance) S. 599-600

„… ’ of international commercial contracts and (ii) the de minimis non curat praetor principle). 8 …” „… to (a) contract1 (Arts. 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, including standard terms and conditions [Arts. 2.1.19-2.1.22 …” „… and in an unperformed part;11 in a notice 2 § 233 Restatement (Second) of Contracts (USA …”

Petra Butler Article 59 CISG S. 288

„… ” depends on the particular type of contract involved and, therefore, the time payment is due might differ …” „… depending on the type of contract. Article 59 CISG The buyer must pay the price on the date fixed by or …” „… determinable from the contract and this Convention without the need for any request or compliance with any …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 6 Contract of carriage S. 1134-1138

„… the consignee. Since the last revision of COTIF 1999, the Contract of International Carriage of Goods …” „… by Rail has been regarded as a consensual contract under international law (Article 6 § 1 of the CIM …” „… wagon load 3 United Nations convention on Contracts for International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly …”

Klaus Ramming Article 2 Scope of application S. 1000-1002

„… . 1. In order to bring the Convention to life, the contract of carriage must refer to an international …” „… regular mail. IX. “Applicable law” (Article 1 No. 9) If a contract of carriage is, in principle, subject …” „… to CMNI, it may still be necessary to refer to the national law otherwise applicable to the contract …”

Peter Mankowski Article 95 CISG S. 411-412

„… : Should the U. S. Reconsider Her Article 95 Declaration to the CISG?’, 21 Pace International Law Review …” „… International Lawyer 217 (2017). I. General remarks Art. 95 CISG is expression of the distrust of many …” „… Contracting States in Art. 1 (1) (b) CISG and its reliance on private international law. It was introduced on …”

Peter Mankowski Article 3 CISG S. 24-27

„… covered by (f), but do fall under the CISG when they are the object of sales contracts.26 Oil and gas are …” „… of the oil or gas trade. Article 3 CISG (1) Contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or …” „… apply to contracts in which the preponderant part of the obligations of the party who furnishes the …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 27 CISG S. 146-149

„… Tribunal of International Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of Commerce and Industry …” „… III of the CISG’, Cornell Review of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods …” „… will not opt for the avoidance of their contract. Compared to Art. 49(2)(b), Art. 64(2)(b) and Art …”

Peter Mankowski Article 90 CISG S. 405-406

„… sales contract has its place of business in a Contracting State of the other international agreement the …” „… ’, VuR 1999, 324; Stephan Lorenz, ‘Unternehmerregress im Verbrauchsgüterkauf und Internationales …” „… Privatrecht – Zum Internationalen Anwendungsbereich der §§ 478, 479 BGB’, in: Festschrift für Erik Jayme (2004 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.2 (Foreign currency set-off) S. 706-708

„… different insolvency regime or even by contract;89 but which, in international commercial practice, is not …” „… that ‘hidden’ and will usually be deliberately considered by the obligee at the moment of contract …” „… thereby makes set-off easily accessible in many standard cross-border contract situations and …”

Peter Mankowski Article 6 CISG S. 33-36

„… Interaction between the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and …” „… and on international purchase contracts on moveable objects is excluded“ did not amount to a proper …” „… age to other assets or damage to the protected persons’ commercial ventures, within the CISG. But …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.8 (Sub-agency) S. 532

„… international commercial contexts.3 Sentence 1 facilitates sub-delegation, unless the principal prohibits …” „… extreme the agent’s misconduct, the more likely it is that the contract is void for lack of authority …”8 …” „… in that business),9 if the principal needs to act to avoid the contract (as a matter of precaution …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 15 CISG S. 70-73

„… Schlechtriem, Uniform Sales Law – The UN-Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (Manz …” „… UCC CISG’ (2015) 40(2) North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 245, 269 …” „… : Traditional Contract Formation in a Modern World’ (2006) 6 Internationales Handelsrecht 241. 23 Schroeter, Art …”

Petra Butler Article 60 CISG S. 289-291

„… . 10 Compare: Arbitral Award, Tribunal of International Commercial Arbitration at the Russian …” „… issuing of an invoice was an implied term of the contract. 9 Compare: Ramberg, ‘ICC Guide of Incoterms …” „… opinion holds that it is the place of destination in cases of a contract involving the carriage of goods …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.1 (Scope of the Chapter) S. 761-764

„… other party (as obligee of the obligation involved in the assignment of a contract) to (wholly or …” „… contract, Art. 9.3.1), Art. 9.2.8(2) (1st limb) contains an exception for the rare case in which the person …” „… ) becomes itself the new obligor of the obligation involved in the transfer of contract. In such situation …”

Klaus Ramming Article 7 Dangerous and polluting goods S. 1013-1015

„… ble to the contract of carriage (Article 29.1 through 29.3).4 Under Dutch law, the consignee is …” „… involve the consignee as sub-contractor), see Section 412 paragraph 1 sentence 1 Commercial Code. Again …” „… , the parties are free to agree on other terms in the contract of carriage, in particular to stipulate …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.6 (Place of performance) S. 604-605

„… elements of international contract drafting (the “7 W”-Test: Who owes What to Whom When Where at What …” „… , the contract, a party is to perform: (a) a monetary obligation, at the obligee’s place of business; (b …” „… of the contract. A. Expectation Management While the place of performance is one of the important …”

Peter Mankowski Article 25 S. 449

„… classifies that these effects occur in all and any kinds of proceedings, not limited to civil or commercial …” „… done: a) if both claims relate to the same contract or to several contracts concluded in the course of …” „… Commentary Sono Art. 24 note 1. 2 Krapp, ‘The Limitation Convention for International Sale of Goods’, 19 …”

Marco Torsello Article 32 CISG S. 175-180

„… parties to a contract for the international sale of goods may amount to an agreement on the place of …” „… . Perales Viscasillas (eds), UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG …” „… , ‘Remedies for breach of contract under the 1980 U.N. Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of …”

Petra Butler Article 47 CISG S. 243-248

„… Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Vienna, 10 March-11 April 1980 (United Nations publication …” „… place where they are located pursuant to the contract36 or at the place of performance under Article 31 …” „… buyer may not, during that period, resort to any remedy for breach of contract. However, the buyer is …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.7 (Force majeure) S. 641-645

„… under General Contract Principles – Exemption for Non-Performance in International Arbitration (2009) p …” „… Majeure and Hardship under General Contract Principles – Exemption for Non- Performance in International …” „… actions mitigating loss.46 It should offer commercial alternatives, if any, to possibly avoid contract …”

Gilles Cuniberti Introduction S. 1363-1366

„… International Interests in Mobile Equipment, 2001’ (2002) 35 Uniform Commercial Code LJ 73; Durham/Basch, ‘Cape …” „… XII. CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT (CAPE TOWN CONVENTION) THE STATES …” „… for international interests in such equipment and for that purpose to create an international …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.11 (Manner of monetary redress) S. 694

„… in a lump sum which, in international commercial cases, is often the best way to separate after a …” „… contract after his or her termination),4 it may also inspire the parties or a court in settlement …” „… arm’s-length commercial transaction”). The observation in the text is based on experiences of once three days …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.12 (Currency in which to assess damages) S. 694

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 44 CISG S. 229-231

„… ), UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) (2nd ed, Beck/Hart/Nomos, 2018 …” „… , CISG-online 705; Tribunal of International Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of …” „… Kröll et al (eds), UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) 2nd ed …”

Stefan Kröll Article 38 Transferable Credits S. 1499-1503

„… principle of standard international letter of credit practice that a bank giving an instruction is liable …” „… foreign law In line with standard international letter of credit practice an applicant who ask a bank to …” „… of the existing general theories of contract law. If one does not want to classify the transfer of a …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 35 CISG S. 190-196

„… deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are …” „… contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract. 2. Except where the parties have agreed …” „… otherwise, the goods do not conform with the contract unless they: a. are fit for the purposes for which …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 22 Limits of Liability in Relation to Delay, Baggage and Cargo S. 1217-1220

„… international transport conventions such as the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of …” „… higher than under the Contract for International Carriage of Goods by Rail (COTIF CIM). Furthermore, it …” „… incorporated into German law (see section 435 of the Commercial Code, for instance). The term “intent” implies …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 41 CISG S. 214-219

„… Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) (2nd ed, Beck/ Hart/Nomos 2018) para. 2. 2 Kröll (n 1 …” „… Nations Conference on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods: Official Records’ (Secretariat …” „… International Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 21.1.1998 …”

Peter Mankowski Article 2 CISG S. 20-23

„… the contract, neither knew nor ought to have known that the goods were bought for any such use; (b) by …” „… categories of contracts. There is not the single guideline according to which contracts are kept within or …” „… CISG-online No. 187; Internationales Schiedsgericht der Bundeskammer der gewerblichen Wirtschaft in Österreich …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.4 (New limitation period by acknowledgement) S. 771-772

„… International Courts and Tribunals, London 1953, p. 158-160). 26 Experience from practice for a contract …” „… governed by English law (power plant supply). 27 See e.g. Born, International Commercial Arbitration, 2nd …” „… contract, a readily discoverable right) after the expiration of the time frame agreed to initiate disputes …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 31 S. 968-971

„… which the contract of carriage was made, or (b) The place where the goods were taken over by the carrier …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 I. Overview Art. 31 para. 1 CMR establishes the international jurisdictions of courts and …” „… , in dispute, whether Art. 31 CMR already applies if the contract of carriage was concluded but the …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 3 Passengers and Baggage S. 1188-1189

„… ultimate destination as specified by the contract of carriage and evidenced in the ticket or air …” „… part of international carriage and the carrier is aware of that fact, for instance as evidenced by a …” „… et seq. of the Commercial Code will be applicable. Chapter II Documentation and Duties of the Parties …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 37 S. 979-980

„… setoff raised in an action concerning a claim based on the same contract of carriage, legal proceedings …” „… Internationale Spedition GmbH & Co. KG, [1988] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 487; Ferrari/Otte, Art. 37 para. 2; doubting …” „… Lloyd’s Rep 346 extended the scope of Chapter VI beyond successive carriers; cf. also London Commercial …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 39 CISG S. 205-211

„… Kröll et al (eds), UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) (2nd ed …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 43 Kröll (n 1) para. 53. 44 United Nations, ‘United Nations Conference on Contracts for the …” „… International Sale of Goods: Official Records’ (Secretariat's Commentary) A/CONF.97/19 Art. 36 (now Art. 38 …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 2 Carriage Performed by State and Carriage of Postal Items S. 1188

Peter Mankowski Article 13 CISG S. 54

„… ) carve-out from Art. 6 CISG. Contract parties are not at liberty to derogate from Art. 12 1st sentence CISG …” „… in Art. II (2) 1958 New York Convention on the Enforcement of International Arbitration Awards. The …” „… notions have their ordinary meaning. In case of doubt commercial understanding should prevail over a …”

Peter Mankowski Article 92 CISG S. 407-408

„… concluding meeting of the United Nations Conference on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and will …” „… III. Disconnection clauses in competing international agreements If the other international …” „… applies, too, if the scope of the other international agreement is not opened in a concrete case. There is …”

Stefan Kröll Article 19 Transport Document Covering at Least Two Different Modes of Transport S. 1469-1473

„… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Introduction It is rare in international sales transactions that the place of origin of the goods …” „… whole transportation. The commercial interest of the transport company to control and charge for the …” „… “freight payable as per charter party” or “charter party contract number”.14 Transhipment: Article 19 (b …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

C. Hugo, Thomas M.J. Möllers - Transnational impacts on law: perspectives from South Africa and Germany

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C. Hugo (ed.), Thomas M.J. Möllers (ed.)

Transnational impacts on law: perspectives from South Africa and Germany

Series: Augsburger Rechtsstudien

Volume 86 2017

Results in this title

Wolfgang Wurmnest Comment on “Tacit Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts” S. 89-98

„… 89 Comment on “Tacit Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts” Wolfgang Wurmnest* I …” „… obligations (Rome I), Recital 6. Comment on “Tacit Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts” 91 …” „… , para. 14. Comment on “Tacit Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts” 93 Bouwers reports …”

Garth J. Bouwers Tacit choice of law in international commercial contracts – the position in South African law and under the Rome I Regulation S. 69-88

„… 69 Tacit choice of law in international commercial contracts – the position in South African law …” „… deserves consideration is the law applicable to international commercial contracts. As Lord Diplock put it …” „… ; Marshall “Reconsidering the proper law of the Tacit choice of law in international commercial contracts …”

Karl Marxen, Charl Hugo Exceptions to the independence of autonomous instruments of payment and security: the growing emergence of good faith S. 131-150

„… Bankgarantie/Garantie auf erstes Anfordern)2 are employed regularly in commercial transactions and international trade …” „… Germany the terms Akkreditiv or Dokumentenakkreditiv are used. The International Chamber of Commerce das …” „… selbstständige Garantie. The International Chamber of Commerce has drafted the co-called Uniform Rules on Demand …”

Eesa Allie Fredericks Contractual capacity in German and South African private international law: a comparative study S. 99-114

„… (eds) The Law of Contract in South Africa (2009) 149; and Nagel Commercial Law (2011) 73 …” „… “International contracts – V. The general rule in South Africa, and the issue of Eesa Allie Fredericks 110 in …” „… “International contracts – V. The general rule in South Africa, and the issue of capacity” 1991 Businessman’s …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… ............................................... 61 Garth J. Bouwers Tacit choice of law in international commercial contracts – the position in …” „… in International Commercial Contracts …” „… between Germany and South Africa are impressive: various areas of commercial law (company, banking …”

Index S. 537-549

„… International Commercial Contracts................................76 International Labour Organization …” „… Contract115, 117, 122 Anti-cracking Measures ..........345 Anti-thwarting Measures .........345 …” „… Good Faith Bottom-upward Supremacy .... 427 Bounded Rationality Theory ... 224 Breach of Contract …”

Charl Hugo, Thomas M.J. Möllers Introduction S. 11-20

„… payment and guarantee that are prevalent in international commercial contracts provides evidence of a …” „… law in international commercial contracts. He emphasises the importance of the private international …” „… bonds with the International Criminal Court. South African universities are also currently attempting to …”

Kathleen van der Linde, Faadhil Adams Towards free movement of companies – the European position as a model for the SADC S. 21-60

„… Studies in Law (Sc St L) 147 161; see also Nygh Autonomy in International Contracts (1999) Kathleen van …” „… Autonomy in International Contracts (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1999). Paschlidis P Freedom of Establishment …” „… ____________________ 8 Ebke “The real seat doctrine in the conflict of corporate laws” 2002 The International Lawyer …”

Jan L. Neels The law applicable to the proprietary consequences of marriage in South Africa – the influence of German private international law S. 115-130

„… regard from the recently adopted Hague Principles on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts …” „… Hague Principles on Choice of Law in International Contracts” 2011 De Jure (DJ) 101. 36 Stoll and …” „… of Law in International Contracts” 2013/2014 Yearbook of Private International Law 45. Jan L. Neels …”

Juanitta Calitz, Sanrie Lawrenson Lessons to be learnt from Germany regarding the treatment of executory contracts when a debtor company is being restructured: a South African perspective S. 151-182

„… ) while reciprocal obligations of the other contract party may or may not be outstanding.4 International …” „… contracts in the commercial sphere, it is imperative that legal certainty be had in relation to the …” „… 151 Lessons to be learnt from Germany regarding the treatment of executory contracts when a debtor …”

Daleen Millard The quest for fairness in the rendering of financial advice and intermediary services in light of the retail distribution review S. 183-216

„… conclude a juristic act in the name of his principal, such as the conclusion of an insurance contract, the …” „… these broad rules were inadequate for the rendering of advice in a modern-day commercial market as many …” „… investment schemes; (c) a long-term or a short-term insurance contract or policy, referred to in the …”

Thomas M.J. Möllers, Isabella Brosig Providing investment advice in light of MiFID I and II S. 217-246

„… , Private International Law and Comparative Law. ** Isabella Brosig, Academic Assistant, University of …” „… Augsburg, Faculty of Law, Chair for Civil Law, Economic Law, European Law, Private International Law and …” „… , investment advice with respect to insurance products is regulated by the German Insurance Contract Act …”

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