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Anna Locher

Crisis? What Crisis?

2010

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Introduction S. 11-32

„… Atlantic Alliance,” International Organization 18, 1 (Winter 1964), 1-28. 12 Cyrus Sulzberger, The Last of …” „… , “Domesticating NATO: Canada and the North Atlantic Alliance, 1963-1968,” International Journal 52, 3 (1997 …” „… confronting the alliance.This debate, to be sure, was not detached from most controversial issues of the 1960s …”

Crisis as Solution? Allied Perceptions of the French Move S. 268-279

„… understanding of nuclear affairs and harmonize alliance-wide nuclear planning had found broad acceptance even …” „… peaceful. The reaction was conditioned by certain international factors – the preoccupation of the Johnson …” „… end to disputes in the Atlantic alliance in 1966, nor was there any permanent settlement of the …”

Conclusion S. 279-280

„… nuclear affairs and harmonize alliance-wide nuclear planning had found broad acceptance even among …” „… 279 firm and further develop the alliance. The French withdrawal decision thus had a cathartic …” „… alliance reassurance that took place since 1963. 3 Conclusion The period between fall 1965 and spring 1966 …”

Bibliography S. 295-314

„… : Canada and the North Atlantic Alliance, 1963-68,” International Journal 52, 3 (1997), 445-64. Duchêne …” „… , John S., “The North Atlantic Treaty Organization: Alliance Theory,” in Explaining International …” „… Alliance,” International Journal 52, 3 (1997), 464-83. Harder, Hans-Joachim, ed., Von Truman bis Harmel …”

Institutionalizing the Debate on the State of the Alliance? S. 215-221

„… alliance’s fundamentals and questions regarding its status in an international setting that was different …” „… alliance. Erhard was expected to reaffirm Germany’s commitment to NATO, but was unlikely to back any US …” „… , a consensus should be reached with the UK, Italy, and others on the “type of alliance we want to …”

Avoid Confrontation, Study the Future: The December 1964 Meeting S. 177-185

„… of the alliance.167 The awareness that the international system was undergoing a period of transition …” „… and to “lessen the risk of any break up of NATO in the interval.”151 The Canadian effort at alliance …” „… undertaking to bolster the alliance by collective agreement opened a new phase in the discussions on ‘NATO in …”

Small Allies Taking Charge, May 1964 S. 134-141

„… 134 on alliance affairs, which neither the US nor France wished, on the multilateral NATO agenda …” „… . 2.4 Small Allies Taking Charge, May 1964 Reinvigoration of the alliance was considered vital …” „… NATO states encouraged an alliance debate on the implications of changed East-West relations for NATO …”

Conclusion S. 281-292

„… conflict. Moreover, the alliance was not only challenged from without, but also contested from within …” „… not terminate his country’s membership in the Atlantic alliance in spring 1966, but “only” withdrew …” „… long-announced turning point in the history of the Atlantic alliance. In fact, in the decade after de Gaulle …”

“We Are in an Awkward Transition Period” – Assessing the Challenges S. 164-170

„… , in government circles, and within NATO, the state of the transatlantic alliance and of the …” „… review of the alliance’s fundamentals and prospects. 2 Struggling for Definitions – NATO in the Winter of …” „… ministerial meeting thus occurred during a phase of pronounced musing within and on the alliance. The fact …”

Follow-up on The Hague: Summit Ideas and Study Proposals S. 143-151

„… alliance, but also by far-reaching international developments. The Chinese detonated their first nuclear …” „… study of the state of the alliance and to follow up on ideas raised in The Hague by fully addressing the …” „… their convention in December 1964, ministers reviewed the state of the alliance in remarkable detail …”

Conclusion S. 141-142

„… alliance in May 1963 and the major NATO introspection debate of May 1964, governmental and institutional …” „… alliance – including the issue of nuclear decisionmaking and even participation in NATO affairs. In …” „… particular, these challenges included seeking answers to an international situation that was characterized by …”

Shattering of Hopes for a Mutually Agreeable NATO Solution S. 201-206

„… on major international developments. Rather, Stewart felt that de Gaulle’s hostility toward the US …” „… its views on the foremost international questions.46 Reporting the gist of the talks with de Gaulle …” „… of the Alliance,” 15 February 1965, USNA, RG 59, CF 1949-72, Box 370, CF 2479: French Foreign …”

Doubts and Questions in the Summer and Fall of 1963 S. 107-113

„… of East Berlin to the LTBT was not tantamount to international recognition of the GDR. De Gaulle did …” „… expected “the divisive elements within the Alliance” to become more prominent in the aftermath of the LTBT …” „… bargaining, with pro and contra attitudes out in the open, the issue of the alliance’s condition was diffuse …”

NATO Arguments over Détente, December 1963 S. 113-117

„… 113 many areas where intra-alliance differences prevailed – including détente, military strategy …” „… .” Differences should not be dramatized, alliance unity was to be preserved, and no member should be isolated, he …” „… Finletter anticipated that “more than ever this year in the minds of the Alliance members the question will …”

Reflecting the Crisis – Observers’ Views S. 72-76

„… the former German Reich, “the Atlantic alliance will respond to the universal logic of international …” „… 72 liance-wide perception that something needed to be done about the alliance, and …” „… news about the critical state of the Atlantic alliance, be it in a dramatizing or a thoughtful way, the …”

Canada’s Proposal to Study the Future of the Alliance S. 187-195

„… the reasoning over ‘whither de Gaulle’ and the tentative projects of alliance reassurance, and they …” „… contingency in NATO. 1 Memorandum by Finletter, “A Pressing Problem Confronting the North Atlantic Alliance …” „… developments within the Atlantic alliance, which had still sometimes been labeled as being in a state of flux …”

The Transition from Stikker to Brosio as Triggering Effect for Movement in NATO S. 151-157

„… he was less keen to study the alliance’s future than his predecessor. 1.2 The Transition from …” „… of the alliance. According to the British government, he had presided over a number of important NATO …” „… served as acting secretary-general and taken care of the alliance’s daily business during Stikker’s many …”

Crisis or No Crisis? The Run-Up to the Winter Convention S. 170-177

„… , they all put the difficulties in the alliance into a broader perspective of shifting relations within …” „… the alliance. Second, as far as they recommended measures, they all did so with a view to gradual and …” „… alliance or the organization of NATO. At the same time, these assessments in the final analysis revealed a …”

French Fleet Withdrawal and NATO Military Strategy S. 93-101

„… 93 The Atlantic Alliance is facing a period of doubt and questioningand must make a decision on the …” „… state of NATO state potentially also meant addressing the broader international context, including …” „… further setback to progress on the alliance was the categorical French refusal to advance in the military …”

May 1963: Ministers Discuss the State of the Alliance S. 82-89

„… 82 3.5 May 1963: Ministers Discuss the State of the Alliance In the run-up to NATO’s May 1963 …” „… convention in Ottawa, the “state of the alliance” was given utmost ministerial emphasis. According to Rusk …” „… of the alliance or the unity of the alliance with respect to external threats,”245 a reappraisal of …”

French Reform Claims and Nuclear Weapons S. 37-41

„… partnership – namely, renewed burden-sharing within the Atlantic alliance.21 These claims ran counter to …” „… Alliance,” 54. 17 Bange, The EEC Crisis, 102-7; Knipping, Rom, 151. 18 Memorandum of Conversation (MemCon …” „… begun to change his attitude from support of the Atlantic alliance to deep-rooted criticism of NATO’s …”

Washington’s Focus on Trilateral Measures and Institutional Leadership S. 237-245

„… Alliance Moving Again:” Crisis vs. Opportunity, Fall 1965 – Spring 1966 An in-depth analysis of early …” „… about it. Gaullist France had announced imminent drastic moves against the Atlantic alliance …” „… allies, including the US as the alliance leader, were willing to assume an active role in managing the …”

Pondering the Consequences of French Dissociation S. 195-201

„… uneasy state of the alliance. With regard to nuclear sharing, the debate in London was arguably as …” „… Atlantic alliance and was even likely to succeed. This situation of lacking authority was aggravated as de …” „… be bored and irritated with international affairs. According to British official A. M. Palliser, the …”

Assuming Leadership – the US at the May 1965 Meeting S. 206-215

„… alliance’s fundamentals and questions regarding its status in an international setting that was different …” „… be routine. Generally, both the US and the Europeans were disinclined to tackle the alliance before …” „… Spaak’s plans for the meeting reached NATO capitals, a real effort to debate the state of the alliance …”

Atlantic Tensions Go Public in Foreign Affairs S. 101-107

„… “crisis in the Atlantic alliance,”40 and relevant journals such as Foreign Affairs dedicated large …” „… Affairs that were characteristic of the state of flux in the Atlantic alliance: an essay by Belgian …” „… , a nonpartisan organization of the private sector, and a pre-eminent international forum to be …”

“Limited Cohesion:” The Alliance One Year After the Clash S. 117-124

„… about changes in NATO itself to adapt the alliance to the changed threat. Since détente did not gain …” „… issues such as alliance strategy had been postponed. However, this success was largely due to the …” „… agreement to hold a kind of farce meeting that remained silent on important unfinished alliance business …”

The British Common Market Bid S. 33-37

„… Atlantic Alliance and the European Community.1Belgian Foreign Minister Paul-Henri Spaak, July 1963 I “The …” „… Most Serious Crisis So Far:” The January 1963 Caesura By the 1960s, the Western alliance found that its …” „… international environment differed markedly from that of the immediate post-war years and the 1950s. In a …”

The MLF Controversy and its Impact on the Vigor of NATO S. 157-164

„… was set to resume the discussion on the future of the alliance triggered in May 1964.72 Meanwhile …” „… MLF as a tool for improving alliance cohesion, others including France assessed it as a dangerous plan …” „… potentially deepening alliance discord.73 1.3 The MLF Controversy and its Impact on the Vigor of NATO The …”

Nuclear Sharing or Nuclear Consultation? Acting on the NATO Crisis S. 221-228

„… 221 tions regarding France brought to a halt the multilateral debate on the alliance’s essentials …” „… on the future of the alliance. De Gaulle’s power to affect alliance business clearly also included …” „… aspects of the Atlantic alliance showed quite plainly that proceeding despite and, if necessary, without …”

Back on Track: The Alliance in December 1965 S. 254-261

„… productive alliance business: NATO leaders had found again a modus operandi. Or, as the German ambassador in …” „… ” asserted they wanted to retain the alliance.83 1.3 Back on Track: The Alliance in December 1965 NATO’s …” „… initiatives against the alliance. Before the gathering, Western policy-makers had decided not to raise the …”

Conclusion S. 185-186

„… importance to our discussion here, was to restate the alliance’s fundamentals in a multilateral undertaking …” „… international developments, including the ousting of Khrushchev and the detonation of the first Chinese nuclear …” „… contemplation of the situation within the alliance was accompanied and reinforced by new key actors in NATO, and …”

The Renewed MLF Debate S. 67-72

„… ” and indeed his “campaign to break up the North Atlantic Alliance” needed to be counteracted.166 In …” „… late January 1963: “I believe the Atlantic alliance to be solid enough to afford the luxury of a grand …” „… homme […]. But the alliance could not persist, should he, by misfortune, find disciples.”169 In the …”

Conclusion S. 89-92

„… US’ sincere intentions? Why else would Stikker have treated the “state of the alliance” so …” „… terms with the challenges facing the alliance – French policies and harbingers of détente. That a …” „… , signs of détente. Worries regarding the state of the alliance were deep-rooted and widespread. Kennedy …”

Confrontation or No Confrontation? Allied Strategies toward France S. 245-254

„… deliberations.35 Overall, Washington’s renewed efforts within the alliance were welcomed in Europe. Trilateral …” „… one hand, it shifted the focus from NATO as an institution to national interests within the alliance …” „… coping with de Gaulle’s threat to leave the alliance in a manner slightly different from the more robust …”

Damage Control à la NATO Council S. 76-82

„… in an overall debate on West-West relations and the state of the alliance. Decision-makers …” „… in the Atlantic alliance. 3.4 Damage Control à la NATO Council On 20 March 1963, the NATO Council …” „… in permanent session addressed the “current problems facing the Alliance.” In addition to the 15 NATO …”

Intra-Alliance Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Nassau Summit S. 41-47

„… estrangement from NATO.37 1.3 Intra-Alliance Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and the Nassau Summit The …” „… 1962, the issue of nuclear weapons for the alliance was revived. The US Skybolt missile system that the …” „… International Relations,” Diplomacy and Statecraft 17, 1 (April 2006), 173-211. 42 Neustadt Report to Kennedy …”

Implications for NATO S. 60-67

„… alliance as whole. This was due, first, to a personal-institutional factor. All six EEC member states were …” „… to the Atlantic alliance. The same foreign ministers and, particularly in the smaller states, the …” „… alliance in a broader and NATO in a narrower sense. In fact, de Gaulle had struck out against both the …”

“We Must Find Out Where We Stand” – Stikker and France S. 124-129

„… indeed an exercise that put on hold important unfinished alliance business. Prior to the convention …” „… no longer discharge its primary function, namely the meaningful coordination of alliance force …” „… for an analysis of French obstructionism in the alliance.161 In addition to and beyond suggesting …”

Shock in Washington and Apprehension in Europe S. 56-60

„… the press conference and the French-German treaty within the Atlantic alliance were characterized by …” „… . See also Soutou, Alliance incertaine, 188-98; Lappenküper, Deutschfranzösische Beziehungen, 1543-602 …” „… Problem, 1947-69,” in No End to Alliance: The United States and Western Europe: Past, Present and Future …”

Crisis in the EEC and NATO Consultations in Europe S. 228-235

„… Indeed, as will be seen, progress on nuclear consultation proved an important element of alliance …” „… anticipated the events in the Atlantic alliance of fall 1965 to spring 1966. 2.3 Crisis in the EEC and NATO …” „… ahead of which international action on de Gaulle’s part had semed taboo. Washington’s NATO Ambassador …”

De Gaulle’s Announcement S. 261-268

„… significant, not to say indispensable, with a view to the imminent French blow to the Atlantic alliance. After …” „… aspects for their particular reasons, were aware of and supported the major advance in alliance affairs …” „… alliance business. 2 The Crisis Enacted at Last: The French Withdrawal, Spring 1966 Charles de Gaulle was …”

The Fouchet Plans and French-German Cooperation S. 50-53

„… international cooperation other than the Atlantic alliance. In parallel to and reinforced by the decreasing …” „… perception that France had in mind a radical transformation of the Atlantic alliance. 2 The French-German …” „… within the Atlantic alliance. In fact, together with de Gaulle’s press conference as discussed above, the …”

The Press Conference S. 47-50

„… , ‘Nassau’ and the MLF project revealed that nuclear proliferation within the Western alliance was not …” „… have agreed to eat it; it is good for you.’” Hoffmann, “De Gaulle, Europe, and the Atlantic Alliance …” „… idem, Les articles de politique internationale dans Le Figaro de 1947 à 1977, vol. 2: La Coexistence …”

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Fu-chang Chang

Autonomie und Allianz

2009

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Definition der Allianz S. 36-39

„… Allianzen das Hauptmerkmal27 Friedman, Julian R.: Alliance in International Politics, in: Ders./Bladen …” „… , Christopher/Bosen, Steven (Hrsg.): Alliance in International Politics, Boston 1970, S. 4 & 15.28 Wolfers, Arnold …” „… : Alliances, in: Sills, David L. (Hrsg.): International Encyclopedia of theSocial Sciences, Vol. 1, New York …”

Formation der Allianz S. 39-43

„… internationalen System« siehe:Burgess, Philip M./Moore, David W.: Inter-Nation Alliances-An Inventory and …” „… , Stephen M.: Testing theories of alliance formation: the case of Southwest Asia,in: International …” „… . Walt, Stephen M.: Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power, in: International Security, Vol. 9 …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 287-304

„… , Christopher/Bosen, Steven (Hrsg.): Alliance in International Politics, Boston1970.Friedman, Julian R.: Alliance in …” „… International Politics, in: Ders./Bladen, Christopher/Bosen, Steven(Hrsg.): Alliance in International Politics …” „… and International Relations, London1990.Liska, George: Nations In Alliance – The Limits of …”

Auswirkungen der Allianz S. 49-52

„… kann. Er betonte folgendes: »alliance with a respected power was especiallyvaluable for unstable …” „… Transformation of Alliance Systems, in: The AmericanPolitical Science Review, Vol. 59, No. 3, September 1965, S …” „… . 601.99 Liska (Anm. 33), S. 37.100 Russett, Bruce M.: Components of an operational theory of international …”

Erhaltung der Allianz S. 43-49

„… operational theory of international alliance formation, in: Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. XII, No. 3 …” „… Small und J. David Singer zogen aus ihrer Studie »Formal Alliances: 1816-1965« den folgenden Schluss …” „… internationalen Machtverhältnisse, der Opportunismus der Mitglieder,das Sicherheitsdilemma der Verbündeten und das …”

CJTF und »EU-led« Operationen S. 210-219

„… requirements, such as air defense, command and controlsystems or Alliance-wide communications systems which …” „… Koordinationsfähigkeit auf Anweisungdes NATO-Rates im Internationalen Militärstab (IMS) eingerichtet. Die CCC arbeitet …” „… organisiert, Lösungen für die internationalen Krisen zu diskutieren. Sie tauschen Informationen und Meinungen …”

Grundlage des CJTF-Konzeptes S. 206-210

„… intended to commandand control the Alliance’s joint operations.«707 Am 12. 06. 2003 wurde die …” „… neueKommando-Struktur der Allianz festgelegt, die als »the most important development in the Alliance’s military …” „… 2001 beschlossen. Siehe NATO/IMS (International Military Staff): New NATOForce Structure …”

Amerikanische ESVP-Politik S. 180-192

„… Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik, in: Internationale Politik, 6/2004, S. 64.615 Howorth, Jolyon: Britain …” „… möchte aus politischem Machtinteresse heraus eine größere Rolle in der internationalen Politik spielen …” „… fest:»[A] European pillar inside the Alliance is a necessary public good. […] A morerobust, lucid …”

Europäische Sicherheitsstrategie S. 100-105

„… Cameron, Fraser: Europas neue Sicherheitsstrategie, in: Internationale Politik, 1/2004, S. 39-40; auch …” „… neuen europäischen Sicherheitsumfeld existieren: Der internationale Terrorismus, die Verbreitung von …” „… normengestützten Multilateralismus basiert. Dazu sollen das internationale Recht und die internationalen …”

Hindernisse zum Aufbau militärischer Fähigkeiten der EU S. 242-250

„… nicht vor 2030 erreicht werden können.«818 Das IISS (International Institute for Strategic Studies …” „… and the Atlantic Alliance, in: Howorth/Keeler (Anm. 773), S. 25-37, hier S. 34-35.821 Diedrichs …” „… [...] unwilling to develop an EC foreign policy if this risked undermining the NATO alliance«.827 Die im …”

Neues Strategisches Konzept für eine neue NATO S. 250-264

„… Alliance, in: The National Interest, Fall 2002,S. 91-97, hier S. 97.251großer Bedeutung ist. Der Neugeburt …” „… coordinate the military resources of the alliance to fulfil basic political objectives. Preventing Soviet …” „… dieser Studie erwähnt, spielen die Großmächte eine dominante Rolle in der internationalen Organisation …”

Entstehung und Zielsetzungen des CJTF-Konzeptes S. 201-206

„… »gemeinsame Verteidigungspolitik« aufzubauenum mehr politischen Einfluss in den internationalen …” „… questioned whether the Alliance did have a role in the post-Cold War era,or whether it was simply an …” „… European forces if these can bestructured as multinational alliance forces.«699Anthony Cragg bestätigte …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 18-20

„… OperationsACs Alliance CommitteesAET Agency Establishment Team APuZ Aus Politik und ZeitgeschichteASEAN …” „… der Unabhängigen Staaten HauptquartierIAEA International Atomic Energy AgencyIEPG Independent European …” „… Programme GroupIISS International Institute for Strategic StudiesINF Intermediate-Range Nuclear ForcesISAF …”

NATO-Erweiterung als »Sonderart der Sicherheitspolitik« S. 265-267

„… ebenfalls zu: »The ultimate enlargementof the NATO Alliance and the institutionalisation of relations …” „… more peaceful, but rather idealistic, approach to security through increased international harmony and …” „… cooperation«.Siehe Cohen, Richard/Mihalka, Michael: Cooperative Security: New Horizons for International Order, The …”

Differenzierung des strategischen Konzeptes zwischen Amerika und Europa S. 192-196

„… siehe Menon, Anand: From crisis to catharsis: ESDP after Iraq, in: International Affairs, 4/2004, S …” „… confidence, in: International Affairs, 4/2004, S. 649-663, hier S. 651.657 Z.B. über die Entwicklung des …” „… im Irak 2003.658 Thomson, James: US Interests and the Fate of the Alliance, in: Survival, Winter …”

Personalisierung der ESVP S. 128-136

„… ehrgeizigenZielsetzungen zeigen, dass die EU mehr internationale Zusammenarbeit und politischenDialog mit anderen …” „… Erscheinungsbild der Europäischen Union«, sondern auch zum »Bedeutungsverlust imKonzert der internationalen Mächte …” „… Probleme können diePräsenz der EU auf der internationalen Bühne schwächen und die Effizienz …”

Sicherheitspolitische Kooperation zwischen der EU und Russland S. 270-277

„… if it was politically autonomous of NA-TO and did not add to Alliance military capabilities …” „… ESDP, in: International Affairs, 4/2002, S. 813-830, hier S. 829-830.914 SIPRI: Russia’s Move Westward …” „… Russland einen hohen Konsens im Hinblickauf die Prävention und Bewältigung internationaler Konflikte. Im …”

»EU-approach« zum Aufbau der militärischen Fähigkeiten der EU S. 233-242

„… regionalen Macht in eine globaleMacht gewandelt. Die EU ist in die Lage versetzt worden, mehr internationale …” „… Sicherheitsverantwortungen zu tragen. Sie wird als ein neuer Akteur in der internationalen Machtstruktur agieren. Vom …” „… Fähigkeiten der EUumsetzen?776 Menon, Anand: From crisis to catharsis: ESDP after Iraq, in: International …”

Grundannahmen des Strukturellen Realismus S. 52-66

„… 522.2 Struktureller RealismusNach dem Ersten Weltkrieg hat sich die Theorie der internationalen …” „… wieder auf die internationalen Bühne. Der »politische Realismus«unter der Führung von Morgenthau …” „… Entspannungspolitikin den internationalen Beziehungen zog die Lehre der Interdependenz und desTransnationalismus …”

Institutioneller Rahmen rüstungsindustrieller Zusammenarbeit Europas S. 154-170

„… : Raumfahrt »made in Europe«- Voraussetzungen für eine souveränePolitik, in: Internationale Politik, 4/2000, S …” „… Stelleder WEU und besitzt eine internationale juristische Persönlichkeit, wodurch sieals legales Forum die …” „… LoI-Partner unterzeichnet. DasRahmenabkommen ist ein verbindlicher internationaler Vertrag und verdeutlichtdie …”

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Bernhard Klingen - Die Politische Ökonomie der Verteidigungs- und Bündnispolitik

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Bernhard Klingen

Die Politische Ökonomie der Verteidigungs- und Bündnispolitik

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Volkswirtschaftslehre

Volume 2 2011

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 139-151

„… Economics, 1999, 10 (2), 171–90., „Colluding Victims: A Public Choice Analysis of International Alliances …” „… Alliances“,Kyklos, 1977, 30 (3), 433–60., Collective Action: Theory and Applications, Ann Arbor: University of …” „… , Ignazio Angeloni und Federico Etro, „The Political Economy ofInternational Unions“, Harvard Institute of …”

Disproportionalität in Allianzen ohne Ausschlussmöglichkeiten S. 73-78

„… „strongest bargaining weapon“: Die gängige Praxis im Umgang mit internationalen Verträgen zeigt, dass diese …” „… Belastung der internationalen Beziehungen an sowie durch eine Schwächung des Bündnissesin seiner …” „… AusschlussmöglichkeitDas Joint Product Model ohne Ausschlussmöglichkeiten. Im Joint Product Model ofAlliances nimmt die …”

Ausschlussmöglichkeiten in militärischen Allianzen S. 72-73

„… exclusion of those who do not share thecost [...] is impractical or impossible. Typically, once an alliance …” „… „strongest bargaining weapon“: Die gängige Praxis im Umgang mit internationalen Verträgen zeigt, dass diese …” „… Belastung der internationalen Beziehungen an sowie durch eine Schwächung des Bündnissesin seiner …”

Erweiterungen der Theorie S. 70-72

„… und der jeweiligen Nachfrage nach internationalem Einfluss beziehungsweise Sicherheit ab. Ein derart …” „… . Typically, once an alliance treaty has been signed,a member nation is legally bound to remain a member for …”

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S&F Sicherheit und Frieden

Browse Volumes: S&F Sicherheit und Frieden

S+F Volume 37 (2019) Issue 1 ISSN Online: 0175-274x

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Tobias Bunde Die Entwertung der NATO. Warum die „illiberale Internationale“ das Nordatlantische Bündnis gefährdet S. 19-23

„… the “Illiberal International” Endangers the Atlantic Alliance Abstract: For constructivists, NATO is …” „… . Terrence; Sullivan, John D.: Unity and Disintegration in International Alliances. Comparative Studies …” „… Out of the Alliance? An Assessment of the F 35 Deliveries and the S 400 Acquisition, Istanbul 2018 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Stage Karen Guttieri Die Entwertung der NATO Warum die „illiberale Internationale“ das …” „… .] International Studies on Populism | 3 A Handbook All over Europe, we are currently witnessing populist …” „… on the subject. www.nomos-elibrary.de Schriftenreihe | Series International Studies on Populism Die …”

Karen Guttieri Populism on the World Stage S. 13-18

„… disrupts the practice of international relations, a system that depends upon consensus around norms. Our …” „… customs, rules and even laws governing international relations enable states and people to develop shared …” „… alliances that have largely defined the system the United States of America leads. Whereas others, like …”

Christopher Holshek Populism’s Call to Citizenship S. 8-12

„… in peace and security within and beyond borders, authoritarian populism is also an international …” „… , distinguish it as an international security challenge, including its use of strategic narratives to sway …” „… . 2. Authoritarian Populism as an International Security Challenge Authoritarian populism is both a …”

Rafał Riedel Populism Is the Only Game In Town. Poland’s Illiberal Turn as an Authoritarian Threat S. 24-28

„… enemies of the nation – other nations, international organizations, minorities, etc. Populist …” „… making, redistribution mechanisms, and relations with the international community. Many scholars …” „… the 2015 parliamentary elections, in which SLD (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej / Alliance of Democratic …”

Gabriella Gricius The Consequences of Russian Populism S. 29-34

„… domestic audience. However, on an international stage, modernization does not apply because often …” „… , international issues focus more on traditional Russian values and anti West sentiment rather than the more …” „… anymore,”20 and that “Europe may become a pole in the new international system only through the …”

Louis Kriesberg Interactions among Populism, Peace, and Security in Contemporary America S. 1-7

„… , Universität Marburg Prof� Dr� Sven Chojnacki, FU Berlin Alain Deletroz, Vizepräsident International Crisis …” „… different gender, ethnicity, or religion. Trump, with his simplistic win lose notions about international …” „… of alliance between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, which ignited World War II, Communists in the …”

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Moritz F. Scharpenseel - Wettbewerbsrechtliche Beurteilung Strategischer Allianzen nach dem Transatlantischen Luftverkehrsabkommen

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Moritz F. Scharpenseel

Wettbewerbsrechtliche Beurteilung Strategischer Allianzen nach dem Transatlantischen Luftverkehrsabkommen

Series: Schriftenreihe des EUROPA-KOLLEGS HAMBURG zur Integrationsforschung

Volume 65 2010

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Materiellrechtliche Beurteilung der Kooperationsformen S. 154-181

„… , vgl. ausführlich GAO, International Aviation: Airline Alliances Produce Benefits, but Effect on …” „… AllianceExpansion Agreement under 49 U.S.C. §§ 41308 and 41 309, Docket OST-96-1411-15;Joint Application of United …” „… (Hrsg.), Wettbewerbspolitik im Spannungsfeldnationaler und internationaler Kartellrechtsordnungen …”

Strategische Allianzen im Transatlantischen Luftverkehr S. 115-130

„… internationaler Luftverkehrsmärktevon der Beschleunigung der technologischen Entwicklung in den Bereichen …” „… Qualitätswettbewerbs.355 Aufgrunddes zunehmenden internationalen Preis- und Wettbewerbsdrucks im …” „… internationalen Passagierluftverkehr findet heute358 Vgl. Kommission, Durchbruch in der zweiten Phase der „Open …”

Wettbewerbsrechtliche Regelungen im Luftverkehr S. 130-140

„… AllianceAgreements pursuant to 49 U.S.C. §§ 41308 and 41309, Docket OST-95-618-38, Order96-5-26 (21.5.1996) 18; DOT …” „… Luftverkehrsderegulierung standen die Vereinigten Staaten im Internationalen Luftverkehrsmarkt vor der Herausforderung …” „… internationalen Fluggesellschaften als Antwort auf die bestehenden Defizite der weltweiten Liberalisierung …”

Dokumentenverzeichnis S. 283-286

„… ).Dass., International Aviation: Airline Alliances Produce Benefits, but Effect on Competition …” „… . Oktober 1997, Berlin (1997).Bureau of Transport and Communication Economics, International Aviation …” „… the United States International Air Transportation Policy, 60 FR 21841 –21845 (3.5.1995).Dass., Report …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 263-282

„… assessing airline alliances?, CompetitionPolicy Letter No. 3 (1999) 19.Arndt, Andreas, Die Liberalisierung …” „… ).Basedow, Jürgen, Entwicklungslinien des internationalen Kartellrechts, 42 NJW (1989) 627.Ders., Wettbewerb …” „… Beiträge zum ausländischen und internationalen Privatrecht (1998).Ders., in: Immenga/Mestmäcker (Hrsg.), EG …”

Einführung S. 21-28

„… gekennzeichnet: einerseits durch denZutritt international tätiger Luftverkehrsgesellschaften zu den nationalen …” „… . Das in der Präambel des Abkommens genannteZiel ist die Schaffung eines „internationalen …” „… begrüßt Einigungsentwurf, IP/10/371 (25.3.2010).2 Gem. der Internationalen Zivilluftfahrtorganisation …”

Durchsetzung des Wettbewerbsrecht in der US Luftfahrt S. 150-154

„… Übereinkommenauf internationaler Ebene,550 etwa der Abschluss eines liberalen Open Skies-Abkommen mit dem …” „… Alliance Agreements under 49 U.S.C. §§41308and 41309, Docket OST-2004-19214, Order 2005-12-12 (22.12.2005 …” „… German Airlines for approval of and Antitrust Immunity for an Alliance Expansion Agreement pursuant to 49 …”

Strecken- und Flugplankoordination S. 237-238

„… Strategischen Allianzen gegenwärtig auf einen Marktanteil von zusammen knapp 70 % des internationalen …” „… Airlines System, Swiss International Air Lines Ltd., TAP Air Portugal andUnited Air Lines Inc. to amend …” „… 58/20 (10.03.2010) Tz. 6.870 Vgl. Untersuchung von Brueckner/Whalen, The Price Effects of International …”

Tarif- und Kapazitätsabsprachen S. 238-239

„… 58/20 (10.03.2010) Tz. 6.870 Vgl. Untersuchung von Brueckner/Whalen, The Price Effects of International …” „… Airline Alliances, Universität Illinois/Urbana-Campaign (Dezember 1998) 30 zit. in: OECD, Competition …” „… Policy Roundtables – Airline Mergers and Alliances, Contribution from BIAC II(1.2.2000) 235.238Davon …”

Wettbewerb um den Zugang zu Drehkreuzflughäfen S. 249-252

„… internationalen Luftverkehrs erfordern bestehende Kapazitätsengpässe auf Drehkreuzflughäfen beiderseits des …” „… structure, conduct and performance review: Airline Alliances and Systems Competition, 45 Hous. L. Rev. (2008 …” „… , Privatisierung und Re-Regulierung der deutschenFlughäfen unter Berücksichtigung internationaler Erfahrungen (2002 …”

Lokalisierung stabiler netzspezifischer Marktmacht S. 246-249

„… Nähe auf konkurrierenden Flughäfen internationaleStreckennetze vorhalten und auf diese Weise über die …” „… review: Airline Alliances and Systems Competition, 45 Hous. L. Rev. (2008) 298.248Wettbewerb um den …” „… Zugang zu DrehkreuzflughäfenAngesichts des Wachstums des nationalen und internationalen Luftverkehrs …”

Materiellrechtliche Beurteilung der Kooperationsformen S. 203-228

„… AirTraffic Working Group, Mergers and alliances in civil aviation – an overview of the currentenforcement …” „… europäischen und internationalenKartellrecht, Dreizehntes St. Galler Internationales Kartellrechtsforum (2007 …” „… erstesRésumé, in: Baudenbacher, Neueste Entwicklungen im europäischen und internationalen …”

Distribution von Flugdienstleistungen S. 239-240

„… Allianzmitgliedern auf IATA Konferenzen vereinbarten Tarife für internationale Strecken.872 Soweit in der …” „… International Air Lines Ltd., TAP Air Portugal andUnited Air Lines Inc. to amend Order 2007-2-16 under 49 U.S.C …” „… Airlines, Northwest Airlines, Inc., and Sociéte Air Francefor Approval and Antitrust Immunity for Alliance …”

Kundenbindung S. 240-242

„… Airlines, Northwest Airlines, Inc., and Sociéte Air Francefor Approval and Antitrust Immunity for Alliance …” „… ., Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Polskie Linie Lotniecze Lot S.A., ScandinavianAirlines System, Swiss International …” „… Airlines System, Swiss International Air Lines Ltd., TAP Air Portugal andUnited Air Lines Inc. to amend …”

Wettbewerb über Drehkreuzflughäfen S. 252-255

„… konkurrierenden Drehkreuzflughafen ein internationales Streckennetz vorhalten und auf diese Weise über die …” „… Representativesin Germany e.V. & Droege & Comp. Internationale Unternehmer-Beratung, Studie Aviation 2007/2008 …” „… Years of Airline Deregulation: A structure, conduct and performance review: Airline Alliances and …”

Wettbewerbsrechtliche Regelungen im Luftverkehr S. 181-200

„… extraterritoriale Anwendung auf Internationale Luftverkehrsallianzen gegeben werden (B). Anschlie-ßend wird die …” „… zu einem Internationalen Drehkreuz weiterhin unsicherblieb und sich die Privatisierung von Alitalia …” „… , Cadillon/Höss, Slg. (1971) 351 Tz. 7/10.704 EuGH, Rs. 19/77 vom 1.2.1978, Miller International, Slg. (1978) 131 …”

Bilaterale Abkommen S. 40-51

„… planmäßigen internationalen Linienluftverkehr zu gewährleisten und die internationale Praxis der …” „… Fortschritte für die Liberalisierung des internationalen Luftverkehrs auf Basis einesmultilateralen Abkommens …” „… erreicht wie das Chicago Abkommen über die Internationale Zivilluftfahrt. Die überwiegende Mehrzahl der …”

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