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Dieter Nohlen, Philip Stöver - Elections in Europe

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Dieter Nohlen (ed.), Philip Stöver (ed.)

Elections in Europe

2010

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Ólafur Th. Hardarson, Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson Iceland S. 947-986

„… presidential elections. All Icelandic citizens at least 18 years of age and with permanent domicile in Iceland …” „… On the Danish-Icelandic Union Act which granted sovereignty to Iceland. This referendum was not held …” „… ICELAND by Ólafur Th. Hardarson and Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson 1. Introduction 1.1 Historical …”

Dieter Nohlen, Philip Stöver Elections in Europe S. 69-124

„… Unicameral – 300 4 37,013 Hungary Unicameral – 386 4 26,132 Iceland Unicameral – 63 4 4,698 Ireland …” „… are Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova …” „… distributed in various ways. Austria, Iceland, and Ireland are governed by cabinets based on parliamentary …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… ) ......................................................................807 Hungary (Florian Grotz and László Hubai) ..........................................873 Iceland …” „… Iceland, Reykjavík. He obtained his B.A. degree from the University of Iceland, and his M.Sc. and Ph.D …” „… of Political Science at the University of Iceland. His main areas of research include constitutional …”

Post Scriptum: Elections in 2009 S. 2047-2060

„… 5,546 votes (0.1%) for additional smaller parties. Post Scriptum2050 Iceland 2009 Total number % Seats …”

Jørgen Elklit Denmark S. 501-564

„… war. Five members were appointed by royal decree to represent Iceland, one the Faeroe Islands. The …” „… Islands, and five from Iceland. b The number of registered voters can only be approximated because of …”

Dieter Nohlen Elections and Electoral Systems S. 1-68

„… and blocked lists (as for instance in Iceland, Portugal and Spain), voters cast one vote for a party …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845223414

Frank Decker, Bernd Henningsen, Marcel Lewandowsky, Philipp Adorf - Aufstand der Außenseiter

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Frank Decker (ed.), Bernd Henningsen (ed.), Marcel Lewandowsky (ed.), Philipp Adorf (ed.)

Aufstand der Außenseiter

Series: International Studies on Populism

Volume 6 2022

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Eiríkur Bergmann Iceland’s deep-rooted nationalism and recent quasi-populism S. 299-312

„… intertwined in contemporary Icelandic politics. National identity Iceland’s national identity was carved out …” „… Association of Icelandic Nationalists (Félag íslenskra Iceland’s deep-rooted nationalism and recent …” „… multiculturalism and for the protection of Iceland’s Nordic heritage. Icelandic versions of international …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Inhalt 6 Iceland’s deep-rooted nationalism and recent quasi-populism 299 Eiríkur Bergmann Südeuropa Vom …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845297996

Ellen Bos, Kálmán Pócza - Verfassunggebung in konsolidierten Demokratien

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Ellen Bos (ed.), Kálmán Pócza (ed.)

Verfassunggebung in konsolidierten Demokratien

Series: Andrássy Studien zur Europaforschung

Volume 13 2014

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Baldvin Thor Bergsson, Paul Blokker The Constitutional Experiment in Iceland S. 154-175

„… referendum, the Icelandic Constitution stems from 17 June 1944, when Iceland declared its independence from …” „… Iceland 155 With these changes, it is probably fair to describe the Icelandic Constitution as a relatively …” „… /iceland-crowdsourcing-constitution-facebook (last visited 15.07.2013). Thorarensen, Björg (2011): Constitutional Reform Process In Iceland …”

Astrid Lorenz Verfassunggebung zwischen rationalem Kalkül und Konsensorientierung. Die neuen Bundesländer im Vergleich S. 138-154

„… Constitutional Experiment in Iceland Baldvin Thor Bergsson / Paul Blokker Since the deep economic crisis of 2008 …” „… , Iceland has seen the emergence of a remarkable experimental attempt at constitution-making from below …” „… from 17 June 1944, when Iceland declared its independence from Denmark (CRI 1944). The 1944 document …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Lorenz The Constitutional Experiment in Iceland 154 Baldvin Thor Bergsson / Paul Blokker Die …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845251363

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Hans Petter Graver, Ola Mestad, Christoph Vedder - Agreement on the European Economic Area

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Finn Arnesen (ed.), Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen (ed.), Hans Petter Graver (ed.), Ola Mestad (ed.), Christoph Vedder (ed.)

Agreement on the European Economic Area

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Margrét Einarsdóttir, Ragnhildur Helgadóttir Iceland and the EEA S. 13-35

„… the Icelandic cabinet ministers and their subordinates. When Iceland ratified the EEA Agreement in …” „… Icelandic legal theory. Obviously, the EEA Agreement has meant that legislation is now enacted in Iceland …” „… : Iceland’s Accession Negotiations. A report commissioned by the Icelandic Confederation of Labor, the …”

Introduction S. 1-13

„… Norway, Iceland and Lichtenstein into the internal market of the European Union. It is a special type of …” „… ’). Finland joined EFTA in 1961,3 Iceland in 1970 and Liechtenstein in 1991.4 However, most of the EFTA States …” „… Agreement integrated the, at that time, five participating EFTA States, Austria, Iceland, Finland, Norway …”

Thomas Chr. Poulsen Article 51 [Accession to the SCA] S. 1076-1077

„… 1995, they ceased to be parties to the SCA. By an agreement of 29 December 1994 between Iceland and …” „… force for Liechtenstein on 1 May that year. The transitional arrangements then agreed by Iceland and …” „… Agreement between Iceland and Norway of 29 December 1994 adjusting certain agreements between the EFTA …”

Finn Arnesen Article 19 [Liberalization of trade in agricultural products] S. 337-338

„… infringement procedures against Iceland, see Case E-2/17 ESA v Iceland, pending. 3 The judgment has been …” „… Iceland and EU have proved easier to conclude. The latest agreement provides that almost 90 % of EU …” „… agricultural products will enter Iceland duty-free. For products where Iceland has defensive interests, i.e …”

Martin Hennig Article 47 [Scope of application] S. 500-517

„… driving licenses; Case E-18/15, 16.12.2015, ESA v Iceland, on the failure to implement Directive 2010/65 …” „… /EU on reporting formalities for ships; Case E-2/14, 10.11.2014, ESA v Iceland, on the failure to …” „… infringements; Case E-20/14, 31.3.2014, ESA v Iceland, on the Failure to implement Regulation (EC) No 392/2009 …”

Finn Arnesen Article 129 [Languages, ratification, entry into force] S. 968-973

„… applicable to Iceland only, and affecting workers with Icelandic employers only, the EFTA Court found it to …” „… Iceland and Norway, respectively.1 This plethora of equally authentic language versions does not reduce …” „… Iceland. The Court noted that the negotiations regarding the adaptation were conducted, and the final text …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen The Contracting Parties S. 145-150

„… premise that it includes imports from the UK.25 The Iceland-EU and Norway-EU agreements concerning tariff …” „… OF SWEDEN, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND, AND ICELAND, THE PRINCIPALITY OF …” „… seven EFTA Member States Austria, Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland.7 …”

Thomas Chr. Poulsen Article 50 [Withdrawal from the SCA] S. 1075-1076

„… between Iceland and Norway, necessary amendments were made to the SCA.1 With the current composition of an …” „… Iceland and Norway suggest that an EFTA-pillar of only two may be feasible from a legal perspective, at …” „… 1995, Norway functions as depositary. 1 Agreement between Iceland and Norway of 29 December 1994 …”

Marthe Kristine Fjeld Dystland, Ida Sørebø Article 7 [Binding effect and implementation of EU legal acts] S. 248-270

„… Iceland, Art. 3 of the Icelandic EEA Act, adopted to incorporate Protocol 35, has been criticised for not …” „… precedence over Icelandic law.73 Thus, Iceland may therefore be in breach of the EEA Agreement by not …” „… law.5 The second option (“or be made, part”) applies to Iceland and Norway, which adhere to dualism …”

Finn Arnesen Article 20 [Fish and marine products] S. 338-341

„… Iceland and EU have proved easier to conclude. The latest agreement provides that almost 90 % of EU …” „… agricultural products will enter Iceland duty-free. For products where Iceland has defensive interests, i.e …” „… . products that are produced also on Iceland, such as meat, dairy fruit and vegetables, the parties has …”

Henrik Bull Article 24 [Energy] S. 356-361

„… under the conditions laid down in that Treaty, and to the territories of Iceland, the Principality of …” „… Iceland have remained free not to unbundle.16 In the electricity sector, it has instead been the rules on …” „… to be replaced by Dir. 2009/73/EC, decision to be made by the EEA Joint Committee. Iceland has no gas …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… States in the EEA – Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway – continued to take an interest in the EEA …” „… written in the national languages and addressed to a domestic audience. Both in Iceland and Norway …” „… three EFTA States – Iceland, Lichtenstein and Norway. For the EFTA States the EEA Agreement establishes …”

Thomas Chr. Poulsen Article 53 [Authentic languages, ratification, deposit and entry into force] S. 1077-1079

„… . The SCA was signed on 2 May 1992 by Austria, Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Sweden and …” „… Switzerland. It was ratified by Austria (28 October 1992), Finland (21 December 1992), Iceland (2 February …” „… 1 2 PART IV Agreement on a standing committee of the EFTA states Preamble THE REPUBLIC OF ICELAND …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Jóhanna Jónsdóttir Article 14 [Authentic languages, ratification, deposit and entry into force] S. 1101-1103

„… State. 2 See the Agreement between Iceland and Norway of 29 December 1994 adjusting certain agreements …” „… of Iceland and Norway whereas a third judge of the EFTA Court was to be elected by the two regular …” „… 2013) The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and the Swiss …”

Ólafur Jóhannes Einarsson Article 38 [Transport services] S. 470-473

„… -1/03, 12.12.2003, ESA v Iceland, para. 28. For an examination of this case and similar cases from the …” „… of the EFTA Court. By way of example, the EFTA Court stated in ESA v Iceland that Under Art. 7 EEA …” „… Agreement. The EFTA Court then stated that the lack of direct legal effect in Iceland of acts referred to in …”

Henrik Bull Article 21 [Border controls and cooperation in customs‑related matters] S. 341-349

„… of particular importance to Norway, and Annex I as amended does not apply in full to Iceland and …” „… for the time being not applicable to Iceland and Liechtenstein.18 Under Art. 9 b, the Contracting …” „… beginning of Annex I for Liechtenstein (Sectoral Adaptations) and Iceland (I. Veterinary Issues …”

Gunnar Thor Pétursson Article 8 [Free movement of goods, scope of application] S. 270-281

„… caused the entire system of import and wholesale distribution of alcohol in Iceland to be reviewed by the …” „… Iceland by the company Ferskar Kjötvörur (‘Fresh meat’). The company was not willing to accept the …” „… that Iceland had only, through the incorporating Dir. 89/662/EEC on veterinary checks into Annex I to …”

Ernst Nordtveit, Sigrid Eskeland Schütz Article 74 [Protective measures] S. 721-737

„… Report of the Norwegian EEA Review NOU 2012:2, p. 572. For Iceland, see Jonsdottir, Europeanization and …” „… Iceland and Norway, it is not sufficient merely to refer to the overriding public interest in the …” „… the environment. 32 See EFTA Surveillance Authority Case 67596: Failure by Iceland to correctly …”

Karl Harald Søvig Article 69 [Equal pay for equal work] S. 677-683

„… and Einarsdóttir’s report on Iceland in Part I of this book, mn. 48 ff and Finstad’s report on Iceland …” „… between average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees and of female paid employees).26 Iceland and …” „… . Liechtenstein concerning failure to implement the directive as such and Case E-10/1, 10.12.2010, ESA v. Iceland …”

Henrik Bull Article 43 [Protective measures] S. 490-495

„… November 2016 closing the applicants’ complaint against Iceland concerning certain Icelandic safeguard …” „… Government of Iceland to argue that the EFTA Court cannot rule on the legality of measures taken under Art …” „… , ‘Case E-3/11 Sigmarsson v. the Central Bank of Iceland’ 49 Common Market Law Review (2012), pp …”

Ronny Gjendemsjø Article 56 [Distribution of competences between the ESA and the Commission] S. 558-563

„… agreement only affects trade between Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein, the case is to be decided by ESA. If …” „… an agreement among undertakings affects trade between both Norway and Iceland, as well as trade …” „… between Norway and Denmark or Iceland and Denmark, the competence depends on how much of the turnover of …”

Håvard Ormberg Article 120 [The EEA Agreement and pre-existing agreements] S. 919-924

„… Iceland and the 1973 agreement between the EEC and the Norway.1 By providing that provisions of the EEA …” „… Economic Community and the Republic of Iceland (OJ L 301, 31.12.1972 p. 2), and Agreement between the …” „… Protocol 9 to the Agreement lists the above-mentioned agreements between the EU and Norway and Iceland …”

Ingvald Falch Article 4 [Non-discrimination on grounds of nationality] S. 196-209

„… , ESA v Iceland (“Icesave”), at para. 204. 7 See Case C-115/08, 27.10.2009, ČEZ, at para. 89. 8 …” „… . 4, but on a different legal basis; in Norway and Iceland such effect is due to national …” „… v Iceland (“Icesave”), at para. 205. The same applies under Art. 18 TFEU; see e.g. Case C-105/07 …”

Fredrik Bøckman Finstad Norway and the EEA S. 59-80

„… Iceland and Norway about the future of the EEA Agreement with respect to both states. The former Icelandic …” „… Norway, with Iceland, Liechtenstein and Switzerland joining later), formed the European Free Trade …” „… Iceland and Liechtenstein. In Norway, the Agreement is commonly seen as compromise between getting and …”

Christoph Vedder The EEA in the Union’s Legal Order S. 101-124

„… relationship between the three EFTA countries Liechtenstein, Iceland and Norway, on the one hand, and the EU …” „… March 1961, the Finland-EFTA Association Agreement was concluded.4 Iceland joined the EFTA in 1970. 1. 2 …” „… , bilateral free trade agreements between the EEC and Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, Portugal, Iceland, Norway …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Jóhanna Jónsdóttir Article 2 [Consultations] S. 1082-1085

„… constitutionally difficult for two of the EFTA States (Norway and Iceland) to accept the incorporation of these …” „… acceptable for Iceland and Norway and politically acceptable to the EU.7 During this time Liechtenstein grew …” „… prolonged negotiations between Iceland and the EU.10 In another case, Iceland and Liechtenstein resisted the …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Jóhanna Jónsdóttir Article 12 [Withdrawal from the Agreement on a Standing Committee] S. 1100-1101

„… that year. The transitional arrangements then agreed by Iceland and Norway suggest that an EFTA-pillar …” „… , Norway functions as the Depositary State. 2 See the Agreement between Iceland and Norway of 29 December …” „… by common accord by the governments of Iceland and Norway whereas a third judge of the EFTA Court was …”

Martin Hennig Article 14 [Internal taxation: No fiscal discrimination of imported goods] S. 311-322

„… relationship between books written in Icelandic and books written in other languages.38 In Iceland, VAT on …” „… Icelandic language, which forms an essential part of Iceland’s cultural heritage and contributes materially …” „… Icelandic language will ever be written outside of Iceland. In the cases so far decided by the ECJ, foreign …”

Christian Frommelt Liechtenstein and the EEA S. 35-59

„… states but in contrast to Norway16 and Iceland – the administration of EEA matters is separate from …” „… integration step for Liechtenstein – like for Norway, Iceland and Switzerland – is the association with the …” „… the customs union between Switzerland and Liechtenstein. To sum up, similar to Iceland and Norway, the …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen EEA law in and beyond the text of the Main Part of the EEA Agreement S. 124-145

„… EFTA States Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway have ever entered into. It is also the most comprehensive …” „… particular importance to Iceland and Norway are the derogations found in the Annexes on the right of …” „… , Iceland and Norway may continue to apply restrictions existing on the date of signature of the EEA …”

Ólafur Jóhannes Einarsson Article 31 [Freedom of establishment] S. 400-420

„… Annex XII.67 The Icelandic derogation is broad and permits Iceland to maintain restrictions vis-à-vis …” „… has been made part of national law in dualistic Iceland and Norway (Liechtenstein is a monist system …” „… ; Case E-14/13, 2.12.2013, ESA v Iceland, para. 27 and the case law of the ECJ referred to therein. PART …”

Berte-Elen R. Konow Article 72 [Provisions on consumer protection] S. 691-713

„… 254/2014 into this protocol, Iceland and Norway are participating in the EU’s multiannual consumer …” „… dates back to 1914 and in Denmark from 1917. Iceland and Finland do not have equivalent legislation, but …” „… the 1980 s and 1990 s, all of the Nordic countries but for Iceland became parties to the Convention of …”

Per Christiansen Article 117 [Provisions governing the EEA financial mechanism] S. 894-904

„… the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway on an EEA Financial Mechanism for the period …” „… agreements on free trade in fisheries, Norway and Iceland demanded compensatory tariff quotas for their fish …” „… financial contributions. In particular, Iceland questioned the basis for the contributions and wanted to …”

Karl Harald Søvig Article 70 [Equal treatment of men and women] S. 683-690

„… gender gap.27 Iceland´s government introduced on 8 March 2017 a draft for amending the Act on Equal …” „… . Norway was in favour of including them, but Liechtenstein and Iceland opposed the inherent extension of …” „… on the EEA Consultative Comittee. 2 From Iceland: SA and SI and from Norway: NHO. 3 From Norway: KS …”

Finn Arnesen Article 119 [Annexes and Protocols as integral part of the Agreement] S. 912-919

„… these derogations seem to be of little importance. Protocol 7, according to which Iceland may retain …” „… Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Iceland of 22 July 1972. The court …” „… Arts. 31 to 35 and 40 EEA, Iceland and Norway may continue apply restrictions on establishment9 and …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Jóhanna Jónsdóttir Preamble S. 1079-1081

„… PART IV Agreement on a standing committee of the EFTA states Preamble THE REPUBLIC OF ICELAND, THE …” „… the Agreement are now only Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.1 As with the EFTA Surveillance Authority …” „… well as the acts referred to therein; b) the term “EFTA States” means the Republic of Iceland and the …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Article 1 [Object and purpose] S. 171-176

„… this up in Case E-1/03 ESA v Iceland: ‘the aim of the EEA Agreement […] is the realisation of the four …” „… -452/01, 23.9.2003, Ospelt, para. 29. 5 Case E-1/03, 12.12.2003, ESA v Iceland, para. 27. 6 See now the …” „… . 33; Case E-1/03, 12.12.2003, ESA v Iceland, para. 27. 19 As well as the external action and the …”

Gunnar Thor Pétursson Article 9 [Origin of goods] S. 281-286

„… ) acknowledged that Iceland was liable (state liability) for insufficient implementation of Dir. 89/662/EEC into …” „… proceedings in Iceland, where the defendants had been charged with making false declarations on invoices and …” „… Iceland. The fish had been caught off the coasts of Alaska and Russia by foreign fishing vessels …”

Christian Franklin Article 3 [Principle of loyalty] S. 180-196

„… Agreement, particularly in the two dualist EFTA States of Norway and Iceland, and therefore amounts to an …” „… ; and Case E-3/08, 29.10.2008, ESA v. Iceland, para. 15. 30 Such as e.g. in Case E-7/14, 24.9.2014, ESA …” „… measure which could jeopardize the attainment of the 31 See e.g. Case E-11/14, 28.1.2015, ESA v. Iceland …”

Gunnar Thor Pétursson Article 11 [Quantitative restrictions on imports and measures having equivalent effect] Quantitative restrictions on imports S. 289-299

„… principle apply to a clause in an employment contract requiring the use of materials produced in Iceland …” „… was established by a contract between the Government of Iceland, the City of Reykjavík and the …” „… received from the Defendants, the owners of the school building are the Government of Iceland, the City of …”

Thomas Chr. Poulsen Article 52 [Implementation of the SCA] S. 1077

„… . The SCA was signed on 2 May 1992 by Austria, Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Sweden and …” „… Switzerland. It was ratified by Austria (28 October 1992), Finland (21 December 1992), Iceland (2 February …” „… , Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian and Swedish. 2. This Agreement shall be deposited with the Government of …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Jóhanna Jónsdóttir Article 13 [Accession to the Agreement on a Standing Committee] S. 1101

„… State. 2 See the Agreement between Iceland and Norway of 29 December 1994 adjusting certain agreements …” „… of Iceland and Norway whereas a third judge of the EFTA Court was to be elected by the two regular …” „… Agreement, it shall also be drawn up and authenticated in Finnish, French, German, Icelandic, Italian …”

Index S. 1125-1141

„… separation II 63 6 Act No. 2/1993 – adopted the EEA Treaty I ISL 7 – legal force in Iceland I ISL 49 …” „… Constitution of Iceland – joining the EEA I ISL 3 – proposed amendments I ISL 13 – transfer of state powers …” „… , 92 6 Dualism II 7 12, 21, 36, 37 – Iceland I ISL 19 – Norway I NOR 18 Dublin I EU 21 Dublin …”

Jonas W. Myhre Article 16 [State monopolies of a commercial character] S. 323-335

„… discussions in the Nordic EFTA States Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden concerning what was to be Art. 16 …” „… , para. 24. 8 Declaration by the governments of Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden on alcohol monopolies …” „… trade in domestic goods. This is a possibility that Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden all have taken …”

Ólafur Jóhannes Einarsson Article 33 [Exemptions] S. 423-434

„… , 28.6.2011, ESA v Iceland and Case C-319/06, 19.6.2008, Commission v Luxembourg. PART II: The Agreement on …” „… . 71-73. 23 Inspired by the judgment, Iceland also prohibited the transfer of certain energy resources out …” „… the EFTA Court’s judgment in both Iceland and Norway, which have essentially enacted a ban on …”

Thomas Chr. Poulsen Article 125 [The EEA Agreement and national systems of property ownership] S. 942-945

„… procedures in Norway3 and Iceland. The EFTA Court did not agree, and held: “59 The principle of homogeneity …” „… understanding of the kind claimed to have been made by Norway and Iceland cannot constitute such circumstances …” „… the conditions laid down in that Treaty, and to the territories of Iceland, the Principality of …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Article 111 [Dispute resolution in the EEA Joint Committee] S. 865-883

„… ECJ. A perhaps even better example is the Icesave dispute between Iceland, on the one hand, and the …” „… whether Iceland had infringed its obligations under EEA law.79 As neither the EU nor its Member States …” „… introductory parts of the EFTA Court’s judgment in Case E-16/11, 8.4.2013, ESA v Iceland. 80 Whether ESA had …”

Håvard Ormberg Article 123 [National security and trade in arms] S. 929-939

„… between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Iceland (OJ L 301, 31.12.1972 p. 2, English …” „… guard vessel in Iceland: Similar ESA Decision 346/04/COL, 15.12.2004, closing a case concerning …” „… ’ is similar to Arts. 21 and 22 of Norway and Iceland’s individual Free Trade Agreements with the EU …”

Christian Jordal, Gjermund Mathisen Article 62 [Review of State aid through the ESA and the Commission] S. 598-605

„… January 1994 in Iceland and Norway, 1 May 1995 in Liechtenstein), and which are still applicable; (ii) aid …” „… cited in section VII below, mn. 41, for examples from Iceland. See further Rt. 2013 s. 1665 for a …” „… : http://www.eftasurv.int/state-aid/ rates/. 14 See Case E-2/05, 24.11.2005, ESA v Iceland and Case E-25/15, 29.7.2016, ESA v Iceland …”

Per Christiansen Article 31 [Infringement action] S. 1025-1029

„… recused, and Case E-16/11, 28.1.2013, ESA v Iceland (“Icesave”), where Judge Christiansen was recused. 15 …” „… Functioning of the European Union. 11 See Cases E-2/05, 24.11.2005, ESA v Iceland, and E-25/15, 29.7.2016, ESA …” „… v Iceland. 12 The other direct action cases are infringement cases against an EFTA State initiated …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 12 [The President of the EFTA Surveillance Authority] S. 996-997

„… took place in 2004 when the already long time serving Icelander, Mr. Hannes Hafstein, was appointed …” „… Iceland and Norway, about appointments.1 The lack of rotation as envisaged in Art. 12, can hardly be …”

Henrik Bull Article 25 [Safeguard measures] S. 361-362

„… share already achieved. This poses particular problems for Iceland and Norway, with their already very …” „… share is at the outset, the more difficult and costly it is to increase it even further. Iceland and …”

Henrik Bull Article 45 [Role of the Joint Committee in case of protective measures] S. 496-497

„… Committee no later than the date they enter into force. This is what Iceland did in November 2008.1 Chapter …” „… . the Central Bank of Iceland’ 49 Common Market Law Review (2012), pp. 2022-2023, in particular footnote …”

Tron Løkken Sundet Article 71 [Social dialogue] S. 690-691

„… Iceland: SA and SI and from Norway: NHO. 3 From Norway: KS. 4 From Iceland: BSRB and ASI, from …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Article 1 [Definitions] S. 977-978

„… ' means the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway and, under the conditions laid down by Article …” „… of the SCA, references to the EFTA States means Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, thus excluding the …”

Per Christiansen Article 27 [The establishment of the EFTA Court] S. 1019-1020

„… events, Iceland and Norway adopted, on 29 December 1994, an agreement adjusting inter alia the SCA. The …” „… , Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. 2 Art. 7 of the Agreement of 29 December …”

Finn Arnesen Article 18 [Technical barriers to trade in agricultural products] S. 336-337

„… advisory opinion, ESA has initiated infringement procedures against Iceland, see Case E-2/17 ESA v Iceland …” „… into the Icelandic and Norwegian languages within the time limit prescribed by the decision in the EEA …” „… the European Economic Area 336 Arnesen 7 8 9 1 Case E-17/15 Ferskar kjötvörur concerned an Icelandic …”

Per Christiansen Article 28 [Composition] S. 1020-1021

„… to the EEA Agreement and the SCA. In anticipation of these events, Iceland and Norway adopted, on 29 …” „… comments by Tynes on Art. 108 EEA, mn. 2 and 17-18. 1 Austria, Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway …”

Marthe Kristine Fjeld Dystland, Fredrik Bøckman Finstad, Ida Sørebø Article 103 [Requirements for binding Joint Committee decisions] S. 819-824

„… three EFTA States simultaneously, suggests that the constitutional thresholds in Iceland and …” „… thus always produced if the six-month deadline is approaching. There have been instances where Iceland …” „… force until 1 May 2010 due to fulfilment of constitutional requirements in Iceland. Directive 2001/97/EC …”

Dora Sif Tynes Article 110 [Enforceability of decisions of the ESA and the Commission and of judgments of the EFTA Court and the EU Courts] Einarsson/FredriksenEnforceability of decisions and judgements S. 860-865

„… , they have been given to the national authorities of the EFTA States.3 Iceland and Norway have insisted …” „… the basis of new secondary legislation. In Iceland the enforceability of fines for breaches of the …” „… Unlike the situation in Iceland, enforcement in Norway of decisions by the European Commission which …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Article 112 [Safeguard measures] S. 883-888

„… EEA. Similar provisions are also found in Art. 27 of the 1973 FTA between the EEC and Iceland and in …” „… of Iceland, the one-sided nature of its economy and the fact that its territory is sparsely populated …” „… Iceland on the use of safeguard measures under the EEA Agreement. 14 Declaration by the Government of …”

Karin Fløistad Article 28 [Free movement of workers] S. 369-385

„… pension funds. Mr. Gunnarsson paid taxes in Iceland. Under the Icelandic tax legislation applicable at the …” „… recipients of Icelandic pensions. Mr. Gunnarsson and his wife were neither residents in Iceland nor both …” „… an organisation (Hells Angels) and the denial of entry into Iceland based on a risk assessment. While …”

Marthe Kristine Fjeld Dystland, Fredrik Bøckman Finstad, Ida Sørebø Article 102 [Amendments of Annexes, incooperation of EEA-relevant EU legislation] S. 803-819

„… Iceland on how to assess the EEA relevance of EU acts. However, in practice there are several factors …” „… the EEA Agreement, as well as the assessment of Norway and Iceland on EEA relevance. A particular …” „… finally had a break-through on 14 October 2014, when the finance ministers from Iceland, Liechtenstein …”

Henrik Bull Article 23 [Technical regulations and barriers to trade in wine, product liability] S. 350-356

„… with regard to Norway and Iceland. Art. 1(2) of Protocol 3 provides that “[t]he provisions of this …” „… system take a dualist approach to international obligations (Norway and Iceland but not Liechtenstein …” „… Iceland, the Directive is implemented through Law No. 57/2000 on the Exchange of Information concerning …”

Jóhanna Jónsdóttir Article 80 [Forms of cooperation] S. 757-763

„… broadranging programmes in the current framework. For example, only Iceland and Norway participate in the EU’s …” „… , Iceland participates fully, Norway partially and Liechtenstein not at all. In the programme for Rights …” „… , Equality and Citizenship again Iceland participates fully, Liechtenstein partially and Norway not at all …”

Dora Sif Tynes Article 95 [The EEA Joint Parliamentary Committee] S. 789-791

„… committee shall be twentyfour. On the EFTA side, Iceland and Norway have five members each, whereas …” „… Parliamentary Committee. It is composed of five members from Norway, five from Iceland and two from …”

Per Christiansen Article 116 [The EEA financial mechanism] S. 892-894

„… . 761 (Norway) and p. 762 (Iceland). PART II: The Agreement on the European Economic Area 892 …” „… , Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway on an EEA Financial Mechanism for the period 2009-2014 (OJ No L 291 …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 6 [Right to information from the EFTA States and from undertakings] S. 990-992

„… delivered a Reasoned Opinion to Iceland for failure to provide information. The press release dated 5.3.2015 …” „… states: ‘The EFTA Surveillance Authority has issued a reasoned opinion to Iceland for its failure to …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Contracting Parties S. 973-975

„… and a Court of Justice Contracting Parties THE REPUBLIC OF ICELAND, THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN …” „… States party to the EEA Agreement – Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Accordingly, neither the EU Member …”

Henrik Bull Article 40 [Free movement of capital] S. 473-488

„… whether those EEA Contracting Parties (Norway and Iceland) that adhere to the dualist principle with …” „… , Case E-15/11, 3.10.2012, Arcade Drilling, Case E-14/13, 2.12.2013, ESA v Iceland. 27 Case C-487/08 …” „… , at para 27. See also Case E-14/13, 2.12.2013, ESA v Iceland, at para 27. Article 40 Free movement of …”

Convention establishing the European Free Trade Association EFTA Convention S. 1103-1125

„… 1 July 2013) The Republic of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Norway and …” „… and its subsequent accession on 1 January 1986, and to the accessions by the Republic of Iceland on 1 …” „… to Article 7, Switzerland, on the one hand, and Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, on the other …”

Per Christiansen Article 46 [Exchange of views and information] S. 497-500

„… enter into force. This is what Iceland did in November 2008.1 Chapter 5: Economic and monetary policy …” „… activities 1 See Guðmundsdóttir, ‘Case E-3/11 Sigmarsson v. the Central Bank of Iceland’ 49 Common Market Law …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 4 [Establishment of the EFTA Surveillance Authority] S. 984-987

„… %, Iceland and Liechtenstein 11 %. The method for the allocation is mainly based on capita.8 ESA shall be …” „… financed by contributions from Iceland (9%), Liechtenstein (2%) and Norway (89%). Article 5 …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 5 [Responsibilities and means] S. 987-990

„… way currently covers 89 %, Iceland and Liechtenstein 11 %. The method for the allocation is mainly …” „… activities and operating expenses of the Authority are financed by contributions from Iceland (9 …”

Benedikt Pirker Switzerland and the EEA S. 80-101

„… three EFTA-EEA States Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway but also Switzerland. This is different from the …” „… , Ireland, Greece, Iceland, Turkey and Switzerland to create a front against discrimination by the EEC and …” „… 1961 and a full member in 1986. Iceland joined EFTA in 1970, while Denmark and the United Kingdom left …”

Tron Løkken Sundet Article 67 [Health and safety of workers] S. 660-664

„… : 2 Se comments by Franklin on Art. 3 mn. 20. 3 The essence of the Supreme Court of Iceland’s …” „… safety in the workplace. An Icelandic carpenter had fallen five meters from joists on a temporary …” „… considerable work experience.3 The carpenter then claimed compensation from the Icelandic state, arguing that …”

Håvard Ormberg Article 121 [Nordic cooperation, regional union between Switzerland and Liechtenstein] S. 924-927

„… Protocol 9 EEA provides that the agreement between Iceland and the EU is to prevail over the provisions of …” „… what extent the reference to the Free Trade Agreement between the EU and Iceland also encompasses the …”

Finn Arnesen Article 126 [Territorial application of the EEA Agreement] S. 945-953

„… Treaty, and to the territories of Iceland, the Principality of Liechtenstein and the Kingdom of Norway. 2 …” „… cessation of that treaty. By the 2007 EEA Enlargement Agreement “the republic of Iceland” was amended to …” „… “Iceland”. Art. 126(1) stipulates the geographical sphere of application as regards the Contracting Parties …”

Per Christiansen Article 34 [Advisory opinion] S. 1032-1040

„… question may not as such be appealed. However, in Iceland, a decision by a district court to refer a …” „… Supreme Courts of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.32 Requests for advisory opinions make up around 40 …” „… the national courts when interpreting EEA law.42 In Iceland, the advisory opinions are considered …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Jóhanna Jónsdóttir Article 3 [Responsibilities] S. 1085-1089

„… ger to adopt the package of acts and became impatient with prolonged negotiations between Iceland …” „… and the EU.10 In another case, Iceland and Liechtenstein resisted the incorporation of the Citizenship …”

Thomas Chr. Poulsen Article 42 [Protocols and Annexes as integral part of the SCA] S. 1051-1056

„… and EEA Supplement 1994 No 32, p. 1. 17 Case E-9/12, 22.7.2013, Iceland v. ESA, paras. 57 and 59. 18 …” „… entered into force only on 18 November 2016 as a result of late ratifications by Iceland and Liechtenstein …” „… versions: English, Icelandic, German and Norwegian.1 The Rules of Procedure of the EFTA Court (“RoP”) were …”

Ólafur Jóhannes Einarsson Article 35 [Recognition of diplomas, certificates] S. 450

„… part of the Agreement, which has been made part of national law in dualistic Iceland and Norway …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 10 [Termination of office] S. 996

„… took place in 2004 when the already long time serving Icelander, Mr. Hannes Hafstein, was appointed …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 11 [Compulsory retirement] S. 996

„… took place in 2004 when the already long time serving Icelander, Mr. Hannes Hafstein, was appointed …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Preamble S. 150-171

„… -12/10, 28.6.2011, ESA v Iceland, para. 60; Case E-4/11, 26.7.2011, Clauder, para. 49; Case E-15/10 …” „… renewed attention in recent years as the basis for what the EFTA Court in Case E-12/13 ESA v Iceland …” „… .), Handbook of EEA Law, pp. 349-389, on p. 360. 40 See Case E-12/13 ESA v Iceland, para. 68. See also …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Article 105 [Homogeneous interpretation of EU and EEA law] S. 825-835

„… Court. In his order in Case E-16/11, 23.4.2012, ESA v Iceland, the president of the EFTA Court rightly …” „… . 30 Judgment of the Supreme Court of Iceland, 16.12.1999, in Case 236/1999 Sveinbjörnsdóttir; judgment …” „… . 43-52, at p. 46. 50 See, e.g., Case E-15/14, 28.1.2015, EFTA Surveillance Authority v Iceland, para. 32 …”

Ólafur Jóhannes Einarsson Article 36 [Freedom to provide services] S. 450-470

„… part of the Agreement, which has been made part of national law in dualistic Iceland and Norway …” „… Iceland with a discretion to set rules regarding the import of raw meat unbound by the EU legal acts …” „… concluded that, in the absence of an adaptation text, the Act was fully applicable to Iceland.42 IV …”

Christian Jordal, Gjermund Mathisen Article 61 [Prohibition of state aid, exemptions] S. 585-598

„… -9/12, 22.7.2013, Iceland v ESA, at para. 57 and Case C-526/14, 19.7.2016, Kotnik, at para. 59. 2 …” „… approved regional aid maps for Iceland and Norway, which are applicable until the end of 2020.58 These maps …” „… has assessed a number of measures implemented in Iceland and Norway on the basis of this provision and …”

Dora Sif Tynes Article 109 [The two-pillar surveillance system] S. 852-860

„… permanent basis. However, it is clear that for constitutional reasons, Iceland and Norway will not accept …” „… , 28.1.2013, ESA v Iceland (Icesave). 15 Joined cases T-67/00, 68/99, 71/00 and 78/00, 8.7.2004, Nippon Steel …”

Thomas Chr. Poulsen Article 43 [Statute and Rules of procedure of the EFTA Court] S. 1056-1065

„… EEA Agreement.8 In Case E-16/11 ESA v. Iceland (Icesave), the Commission was granted leave to …” „… Iceland, para. 33. 10 This lack of homogeneity has been criticised by Clifton, “Leave to intervene: a …” „… provisions. There are four official language versions: English, Icelandic, German and Norwegian.1 The Rules …”

Henrik Bull Article 22 [Reduction of customs duties] S. 349-350

„… product will benefit from the EEA rules on free movement 1 22 July 1972 with Austria, Iceland, Portugal …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 9 [Appointment of the members] S. 995-996

„… the already long time serving Icelander, Mr. Hannes Hafstein, was appointed President. He served until …”

Finn Arnesen Article 17 [Veterinary and phytosanitary measures] S. 335-336

„… ), and animal products such as ova, embryo and semen are not applicable to Iceland.3 In addition, there …” „… the Icelandic and Norwegian languages within the time limit prescribed by the decision in the EEA …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Jóhanna Jónsdóttir Article 1 [Role of the Standing Committee] S. 1081-1082

„… ) the term “EFTA States” means the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway and, under the …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Jóhanna Jónsdóttir Article 11 [Amendments of the Agreement on a Standing Committee] S. 1099-1100

„… arrangements then agreed by Iceland and Norway suggest that an EFTA-pillar of only two may be feasible from a …” „… challenging. Still, faced with the Icelandic application for EU membership in the wake of the 2008 financial …”

Henrik Bull Article 44 [Implementation of protective measures] S. 495-496

„… . When accepting the financial supervisory regulations as part of the EEA Agreement, Iceland made a …” „… Part II of this book. 17 Published on the website of the Althingi, the Icelandic Parliament, at …”

Martin Hennig Article 48 [Non-discriminatory application of national rules] S. 517-518

„… stated that the Agreement only applies to the “territories” of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Norway …”

Per Christiansen Article 115 [Object and purpose of the EEA financial mechanism] S. 891-892

„… (Iceland). PART II: The Agreement on the European Economic Area 892 Christiansen 2 1 2 …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 7 [Composition] S. 992-993

„… Bjørgan 9 10 11 1 2 3 with previous international experience. Iceland and Liechtenstein have consistently …”

Christophe Hillion Article 127 [Withdrawal from the EEA Agreement] S. 953-961

„… Norway, Liechtenstein and Iceland, as EFTA states, and on the other to “the Community [now Union] and its …” „… of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, rather than the territories of the EFTA states. However, read …”

Thomas Chr. Poulsen Article 46 [Contractual and non-contractual liability of the ESA] S. 1066-1074

„… of Iceland of 16 December 1999 in the Icelandic Government v. Sveinbjörnsdóttir; judgment of the …” „… ,21 and by the Supreme Courts of Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein.22 The conditions for State …”

Martin Hennig Article 15 [Repayment of internal taxes] S. 322-323

„… Icelandic language will ever be written outside of Iceland. In the cases so far decided by the ECJ, foreign …” „… EFTA Court did not accept the Icelandic attempt to justify the tax scheme in Einarsson.58 However, in …”

Ole-Andreas Rognstad Article 65(2) [Intellectual property rights] S. 641-659

„… until 1995 belonged to the ‘EFTA side’ of the Agreement), Norway and Iceland at that time had not yet …” „… require radical changes in domestic law save that for Finland and Iceland pharmaceuticals and foodstuff …” „… & Practice, pp. 245-258. 41 The situation is different now, as a result of this provision, Iceland acceding …”

Dora Sif Tynes Article 93 [Composition of the EEA Joint Committee, decision‑making] S. 784-786

„… instance, Iceland and Norway have different constitutional challenges when it comes to two-pillar issues …”

Marthe Kristine Fjeld Dystland, Fredrik Bøckman Finstad, Ida Sørebø Article 98 [Amendments to Annexes and selected Protocols] S. 795-797

„… food area.6 The relevant acts become legally binding for Iceland and Norway as soon as they are in …”

Håvard Ormberg Article 122 [Secrecy obligations] S. 927-929

„… Republic of Iceland (OJ L 301, 31.12.1972 p. 2, English special edition 31.12.1972, L301 P. 4 …”

Gunnar Thor Pétursson Article 12 [Quantitative restrictions on exports and measures having equivalent effect] Quantitative restrictions on exports S. 299-301

„… no. 220/2005. 68 Case E-2/12, 11.12.2012, HOB-vín III. In the case of Iceland, due to the lack of a …” „… the case was not appealed to the Icelandic Supreme Court.66 In earlier case law of the Icelandic …” „… Reykjavik District Court of 21.2.2014 in Case no. 2381/2011. 67 Ruling of the Icelandic Supreme Court, Case …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Preamble S. 975-977

„… as the acts referred to therein; (b) the term 'EFTA States' means the Republic of Iceland and the …”

Christian Franklin Article 2 [Principle of loyalty] S. 978-980

„… , references to the EFTA States means Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, thus excluding the fourth remaining …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 8 [Independence of the members] S. 993-995

„… with previous international experience. Iceland and Liechtenstein have consistently appointed …”

Dora Sif Tynes Article 94 [The EEA Joint Committee: presidency, meetings, sub-committees and working groups] Functioning of the EEA Joint Committee S. 786-789

„… , the total number of members of the committee shall be twentyfour. On the EFTA side, Iceland and Norway …” „… . Decisions amending the Annexes and Protocols of the EEA Agreement are however drafted in English, Icelandic …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Article 106 [Exchange of information concerning relevant judgements] S. 835-837

„… and publication of translations and abstracts’. To the Supreme Courts of Iceland and Norway in …”

Ronny Gjendemsjø Article 57 [Merger control] S. 563-566

„… according to this alternative, the undertakings’ combined aggregate turnover in Norway, Iceland and …”

Christian Jordal, Gjermund Mathisen Article 64 [Dispute resolution] S. 609-612

„… ” would be the EU. In the EFTA pillar, it would be Iceland, Liechtenstein or Norway. This entails a …” „… initiate the adoption of interim measures on the EU side. ESA, however, is not a Liechtenstein, Icelandic …”

Pål Wennerås Article 6 [Homogeneity] S. 209-248

„… 223. 59 Order in Case E-16/11, 28.1.13, ESA v Iceland, para. 32, and Case E-14/11, 21.12.12, DB …” „… . See also Case E-12/10, 28.6.11, ESA v. Iceland, para. 60, Case E-15/10, 18.04.12, Posten Norge AS …” „… . 51. This was reaffirmed in Case E-19/11, 30.11.12, Vín Trío v Iceland, para. 59. 176 E.g. Case C …”

Dora Sif Tynes Article 108 [The ESA and the EFTA Court: Establishment and competences] S. 840-852

„… from each of the EFTA States at the time; Austria, Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Sweden and …” „… Wennerås on Art. 6 EEA and Art. 3(2) SCA. 28 Case E-16/11 ESA v Iceland, 28.1.2013. 29 See Chalmers …” „… supremacy of EU law. Indeed, the Icelandic and Norwegian Governments had argued before the Court that the …”

Gunnar Thor Pétursson Article 10 [Customs duties and charges having equivalent effect] S. 286-289

„… port in Iceland. Thus, as those charges are not levied on the products by reason of the fact that they …” „… Icelandic and Norwegian law,6 whereas it enjoys direct effects in Liechtenstein by virtue of Liechtenstein’s …” „… , Finstand and Sørebø on Art. 7. 6 Through the Icelandic EEA Act (No. 2/1993) and the Norwegian EEA Act (No …”

Martin Hennig Article 49 [State aid in the transport sector] S. 518-521

„… set of guidelines on State aid for railway undertakings in Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway, which …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Article 107 [Preliminary rulings from the ECJ] S. 837-840

„… necessary, the drawing up and publication of translations and abstracts’. To the Supreme Courts of Iceland …”

Article 124 [Non-discrimination of investments] Henrik Bull S. 939-942

„… negotiations and in subsequent parliamentary procedures in Norway3 and Iceland. The EFTA Court did not agree …” „… Icelandic derogations concerning foreign ownership in the fisheries sector contained in Annexes VIII …”

Tron Løkken Sundet Article 68 [Labour law] S. 664-677

„… collective agreements, such as the EFTA States Iceland and Norway, the market freedoms and aspects of the …” „… Iceland: Sick pay not sat at a minimum rate not covered by “minimum rates of pay”; obligation to take out …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Article 2 [Definitions] S. 176-180

„… Protocols and Annexes as well as the acts referred to therein; (b) the term “EFTA States” means Iceland, the …”

Per Christiansen Article 30 [Members] S. 1021-1025

„… President Baudenbacher was recused, and Case E-16/11, 28.1.2013, ESA v Iceland (“Icesave”), where Judge …” „… lawfulness of the Court’s composition. 4 Each of the three Icelandic Judges has been reappointed. Judge …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Jóhanna Jónsdóttir Article 5 [Subcommittees and working groups] S. 1090-1095

„… Financial Mechanism Committee Ever since the establishment of the EEA Agreement in 1994, Iceland …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 13 [Rules of procedure] S. 997-1002

„… There have from time to time been disagreements between the Governments, in particular Iceland and …”

Per Christiansen Article 36 [Action for annulment] S. 1041-1046

„… See for example Case E-9/12, 22.7.2013, Iceland v ESA, para. 64 and case law cited. 4 Case E-14/11 …” „… (3) of Part II of Protocol 3 SCA. 11 Cases E-4/15, 31.3.2016, Icelandic Financial Services …”

Peter-Christian Müller-Graff Article 34 [Right of establishment for companies] S. 434-450

„… See Case E-14/13, 2.12.2013, ESA v Iceland para. 32. 58 Joined Cases E-3/13 and E-20/13, 9.7.2014 …” „… national law in dualistic Iceland and Norway (Liechtenstein is a monist system), beneficiaries should be …” „… Icelandic and Norwegian law.6 Furthermore, it enjoys direct effect in Liechtenstein by virtue of …”

Ernst Nordtveit, Sigrid Eskeland Schütz Article 73 [Object and purpose of EEA environmental law] S. 715-721

„… ) and (2) creates the impression that Iceland, Norway and Lichtenstein act as proper legislators in the …”

Ólafur Jóhannes Einarsson Article 30 [Recognition of diplomas, certificates] S. 391-400

„… EFTA Court: Case E-8/10, 10.12.2010, ESA v Iceland; Case E-9/10, 10.12.2010, ESA v Liechtenstein; Case …”

Simen Hammersvik Article 65(1) [Public procurement] S. 612-641

„… contract requiring that roof elements should be produced in Iceland amounted to a clear discrimination in …” „… threshold that will be applied within the EEA. However, Iceland and Norway have their own similar lists in …”

Ronny Gjendemsjø Article 54 [Abuse of a dominant position] S. 546-555

„… referred a question from the Icelandic Supreme Court about price discrimination.37 Sorpa – a publicly owned …” „… an abuse. The Icelandic Competition Authorities found that the discount constituted an abuse. The …” „… provision in the Icelandic competition act which is harmonised with Art. 54 EEA. Due to the harmonisation …”

Tarjei Bekkedal Article 59 [Public undertakings, services of general economic interest] S. 568-584

„… owned by 6 Icelandic municipalities, each municipality holding 1 share. Allegedly, the rates that the …”

Christophe Hillion Article 128 [Accession to the EEA Agreement] S. 961-968

„… original in the Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Icelandic, Italian, Norwegian …” „… authentication thereof be drawn up in the Icelandic and Norwegian languages and published in the EEA Supplement …” „… these acts in the Icelandic and Norwegian language, these become authentic when published in the EEA …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 20 [Language] S. 1005-1006

„… ESA in the Icelandic, Norwegian or any of the 24 official languages in the EU for all types of cases …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 21 [Annual report] S. 1006-1007

„… EEA may address ESA in the Icelandic, Norwegian or any of the 24 official languages in the EU for all …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845275796

Daniela Hahn, Andreas Schmidt - Bad Boys and Wicked Women

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Daniela Hahn (ed.), Andreas Schmidt (ed.)

Bad Boys and Wicked Women

Series: Münchner Nordistische Studien

Volume 27 2016

Results in this title

Marion Poilvez Those Who Kill: Wrong Undone in the Sagas of Icelanders S. 21-58

„… 21 Marion Poilvez Those Who Kill: Wrong Undone in the Sagas of Icelanders1 All the wrong I’ve …” „… Icelanders are from The Complete Sagas of Icelanders 1997, referenced by the name of each saga’s translator …” „… deed for which Grettir will be declared a full outlaw in Iceland– is reported twice, with a crucial …”

Daniela Hahn Expanding the Repertoire. Theft as a Means of Whetting in the Sagas of Icelanders S. 144-171

„… Icelanders The role of female characters in the feuds of the Sagas of Icelanders has been the subject of …” „… Sagas of Icelanders and discuss the narrative function of their crime. In doing so, I will suggest that …” „… scenes in the Sagas of Icelanders and connotations of theft in Old Norse law and literature, I will turn …”

Anita Sauckel Brennu-Njáls saga: An Old Icelandic Trickster (Discourse)? S. 94-115

„… the saga itself as being wily in nature in respect to 13th-century Iceland. However, it should be …” „… might have justified the high-seat among the king’s followers. It seems the Icelander gained his seat of …” „… himself support the young Icelander with both ships and armed men, Sóti succeeds in making an escape. It …”

The Authors S. 415-418

„… outlawry in Saga Age Iceland at the University of Iceland (HÍ). She studied philosophy (B.A.) and medieval …” „… decipher the function of the skóggangr in medieval Iceland, a unique type of punishment that made Iceland a …” „… Icelanders«. She has published on the significance of public opinion and perception in the conceptualisation …”

Yoav Tirosh Argr Management: Vilifying Guðmundr inn ríki in Ljósvetninga saga S. 240-272

„… based on Old Norse Laws and Icelandic Sagas. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Iceland …” „… them, mainly the 13th- and 15th-century Icelanders who transmitted Ljósvetninga saga to us,16 or at …” „… laugh, and their business seems to be everybody in Iceland’s business.23 The author of Njáls saga was …”

Franziska Groß ›Þá veiztu ekki til‹ – Disregarded Dream Interpreters in Íslendingasǫgur S. 172-197

„… realism. This might be due to special literary conditions found in Iceland, where the political and …” „… simply was longing for what were thought to have been better times in the troubled years in which Iceland …” „… People of Ljosavatn«, in: Viðar Hreinsson et al. (eds.), The Complete Sagas of Icelanders Including 49 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-4

„… ............................ 7 Marion Poilvez: Those Who Kill: Wrong Undone in the Sagas of Icelanders ......... 21 Rebecca …” „… ............................................................ 116 Daniela Hahn: Expanding the Repertoire. Theft as a Means of Whetting in the Sagas of Icelanders …” „… ................................................................................... 59 Anita Sauckel: Brennu-Njáls saga: An Old Icelandic Trickster (Discourse)? .........94 Jamie …”

Jamie Cochrane ›…svá sloegr maðr sem þú ert kallaðr‹: Mǫrðr Valgarðsson, A Monster and His Critics S. 116-143

„… abroad, seemingly dissatisfied with Iceland, Icelandic society and in particular with the new faith. In …” „… of Iceland to Christianity: both the public agreement to accept the new faith as the official faith …” „… , in the Sagas of Icelanders. Ármann’s prime example is Þórólfr bægifótr who wreaks havoc as a ghost …”

Andreas Schmidt ›hinn versti maðr á ǫllum norðrlǫndum‹, or House of Cards in the Faroe Islands: Conceptualising the ›Bad Guys‹ in Færeyinga saga S. 273-316

„… – possibly with an Icelandic agenda, namely to present the collective myth of Iceland’s unsolicited and …” „… and Christian writings are incorporated into Icelandic texts. Still, the special situation of Iceland …” „… written c. 1200 in Iceland, probably somewhere to the North,7 and it tells of the strife between …”

Rebecca Merkelbach Engi maðr skapar sik sjálfr: Fathers, Abuse and Monstrosity in the Outlaw Sagas S. 59-93

„… . Comparative Approaches to Early Iceland, Enfield Lock, pp. 189–203. Andersson, Theodore M. 1968: »Some …” „… ), Ithaca. Ármann Jakobsson 2003: »Troublesome Children in the Sagas of the Icelanders«, in: Saga-Book 27 …” „… : »The Trollish Acts of Þorgrímr the Witch. The Meanings of troll and ergi in Medieval Iceland«, in …”

Joanne Shortt Butler The Best of a Bad Bunch? Hrafnkels saga and Narrative Expectations S. 317-355

„… Iceland, Chicago/London. O’Donoghue, Heather 2004: Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction …” „… var þá fimmtán vetra gamall, mannvænn ok gørviligr.11 (This man brought his ship to Iceland into …” „… which Eyvindr returns to Iceland as well, although unlike the previous example …”

Matthias Teichert The Sorcerous Succubus from Samiland. Monstrous Womanhood and the Abject in the Snæfríðr Episode of Haralds saga hárfagra S. 198-214

„… medieval Icelander – namely Snorri – may not have known it). The aspect of Snæfríðr’s ethnicity and its …” „… well known from the corpus of draugar-episodes from the Sagas of the Icelanders, particularly the …” „… the found-footage-technique. 19 Cf. Whaley 1991, p. 80. 212 in Old Norse-Icelandic fiction (and …”

Georg C. Brückmann Drawing the Thin Grey Line, or How to Give Birth to a Dancing Star S. 388-414

„… Jakobsson 2008: »The Trollish Acts of Þorgrímr the Witch: The Meanings of troll and ergi in Medieval Iceland …” „… Icelandic Draugr and Demonic Contamination in Grettis saga«, in: Folklore 120, pp. 307–316. Ármann Jakobsson …”

Daniela Hahn, Andreas Schmidt Preface S. 5-6

„… after a guest lecture held by Marion Poilvez on Icelandic outlaws as well as from several talks with …”

Andreas Schmidt, Daniela Hahn Bad Boys and Wicked Women: An Introduction S. 7-20

„… sagas, the same diversity of concept can be stated for Old Icelandic literature, as the present volume …” „… known to the more fortunate or more luxurious parts of Europe.1 Icelandic narrative of the medieval …” „… . 5 Cf. Kühnel 2007, and Kühnel / Burdorf 2007. 6 Cf. Eder 2007. 13 Already the Icelandic system of …”

Milena Liv Jacobsen Good or Bad – or Just a Matter of Perspective? St Olav: Viking King and Christian Saint S. 356-387

„… Heizmann 2010, p. 106. 359 between historiography and hagiography in Icelandic saga literature is a very …” „… . 109. 45 Sagas of Saints; a collective name for Norwegian/Icelandic saint’s legends. 46 Heinrichs et al …”

Florian Deichl ›The Very Image of the Völsungs‹. The Killer in Wolf’s Clothing S. 215-239

„… Icelandic society. As Carol Clover says: »When commentaries on Viking and medieval Scandinavian culture get …” „… Volsungs. The Icelandic Text According to MS Nks 1824 b, 4°. With an English Translation, Introduction and …”

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