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Rainer Hofmann, Christian J. Tams - International Investment Law and General International Law

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Rainer Hofmann (ed.), Christian J. Tams (ed.)

International Investment Law and General International Law

Series: Schriften zur Europäischen Integration und Internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung

Volume 24 2011

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James Crawford Keynote Address: International Protection of Foreign Direct Investments: Between Clinical Isolation and Systematic Integration S. 17-28

„… isolation and systematic integration. The international legal system has never been systematically …” „… 17 International Protection of Foreign Direct Investments: Between Clinical Isolation and …” „… imaginative, but it was possible for a group of lawyers to imagine into existence a legal system – a legal …”

Stephan W. Schill International Investment Law and the Law of State Immunity: Antagonists or Two Sides of the Same Coin? S. 231-275

„… effectiveness of the system of diplomatic protection to afford protection to foreign investors into doubt …” „… in this context is the fragmentation of international law, that is, its loss of unity as a system of …” „… system of law,4 but whether it conforms to, or diverges from, the architecture, methods, notions, and …”

Steffen Hindelang Restitution and Compensation – Reconstructing the Relationship in Investment Treaty Law S. 161-200

„… (retained) an own, a “systemic interest” in the well-functioning of such legal system in a way envisaged by …” „… parties hold a “systemic interest” in the well-functioning of the legal system they established to order …” „… (1)) and, hence, substantive treatment rights in respect of foreign investment accrue to the host …”

Rainer Hofmann, Christian J. Tams International Investment Law: Situating an Exotic Special Regime within the Framework of General International Law S. 9-16

„… International Law on Foreign Investment (3rd edn., 2010); see also Douglas, The International Law of …” „… That international law as a system should have to define the role of specialized sub-areas within a …” „… general legal framework is not surprising. The international legal system has undergone a process of …”

Comments by Lars Markert International Investment Law and Treaty Interpretation – Problems, Particularities and Possible Trends S. 53-70

„… systemic integration of investment law within the international legal system62 and attenuate the growing …” „… legal certainty cannot be established by arbitral case law due to the lack of a system of binding …” „… pragmatic solution to ameliorate the system ‘from within’.7 This might help to mitigate the criticism that …”

Florian Franke The Custom of Necessity in Investor-State Arbitrations S. 121-160

„… as we know it today systemically setting out in a system of defences precluding the wrongfulness of …” „… a vivid example of the development of international law from a regime of co-existence to a system of …” „… naturally take precedence over any other right of a foreign state. Flowing from this concept, any conduct …”

Michael Waibel International Investment Law and Treaty Interpretation S. 29-52

„… strengthened international law as a legal system. Regime theory encouraged the latent tendency to regard the …” „… .), The WTO at Ten-The Contribution of the Dispute Settlement System (Cambridge University Press, 2006 …” „… the Central Product Classification system (CPC), the Panel concluded that the US scheduled gambling …”

Comments by Pavel Šturma International Investment Law and State Responsibility S. 111-120

„… . 21. 114 “…the Bilateral Investment Treaty is not a self-contained closed legal system limited to …” „… disputes today, contain mostly substantive rules on treatment and protection of foreign investments, i.e …” „… State entities and agencies dealing with foreign investors are different which requires different …”

Kate Parlett Diplomatic Protection and Investment Arbitration S. 211-230

„… the event of a contractual dispute. While 30 years ago a foreign investor might only have a slim …” „… has usurped, to a large extent, the role of diplomatic protection in relation to foreign investment …” „… essentially governed by bilateral or multilateral agreements for the protection of foreign investments, such …”

Comments by Ursula Kriebaum Restitution in International Investment Law S. 201-210

„… situation prior to the government’s interference with the foreign investment. The case arose from the …” „… attractive framework of laws and regulations for foreign investors in the field of gas transportation that …” „… the Argentinean government had created to attract foreign investors. These guarantees were …”

Antonios Tzanakopoulos Denunciation of the ICSID Convention under the General International Law of Treaties S. 75-94

„… the Notification of 1 May 2007 by the Bolivian Foreign Affairs Ministry addressed to the President of …” „… and broadest possible (even if only procedural) protection of foreign private investors.38 This then …” „… private investment, inter alia by removing relevant disputes between host states and foreign investors …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Keynote Address: International Protection of Foreign Direct Investments: Between Clinical Isolation and …” „… International Law From Clinical Isolation to Systemic Integration? Nomos 1. Auflage 2011 © Nomos …” „… international law could be considered as one of clinical isolation or one of systemic integration. The actual …”

Christina Knahr International Investment Law and State Responsibility: Conditions of Responsibility S. 95-110

„… – Ascertaining the Liability of States in Foreign Investment Disputes, 6 JWIT 499 (2005). 4 Aricle 2 ILC …” „… of a given legal system, the existence of a greater or lesser State participation in its capital, or …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845231259

Annette Jünemann, Michèle Knodt - Externe Demokratieförderung durch die Europäische Union European External Democracy Promotion

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Annette Jünemann (ed.), Michèle Knodt (ed.)

Externe Demokratieförderung durch die Europäische Union European External Democracy Promotion

Series: Schriftenreihe des Arbeitskreises Europäische Integration e.V.

Volume 58 2007

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Franco Algieri Unequal Treatment: Democracy Promotion of the EU in Myanmar/Burma and China S. 169-185

„… foreign policy has developed and the nature of the EU system explains, to a certain extent, existing …” „… located in a broader systemic scheme, so that we can understand the interaction of the EU as a foreign …” „… . Introduction The foreign policy of the European Union (EU) has always been and continues to be a topic for …”

Sabine Fischer The EU and Russia: Democracy promotion in a “strategic partnership”? S. 247-269

„… beginning. After an enthusiastic period of pro-Westernism in Russian foreign policy, around 1995 Russia …” „… Moscow’s foreign policy during this initial period was mainly focused on its relations with the U.S.; the …” „… grew more diversified and interdependent over the years. The EU has developed a set of foreign policy …”

Michèle Knodt, Annette Junemann Introduction: Conceptionalizing the EU`s Promotion of Democracy S. 9-30

„… , external cultural policy, as well as foreign, security and defense policy. Since 1995 democratic values …” „… , and usually underestimated in the literature on system transformation.5 The external impact is …” „… conceptualizing the factor of democracy promotion from outside as “part of the foreign policy of western …”

Sigmar Schmidt The EU Democracy Assistance in Africa: The Cases of South Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo S. 31-53

„… , by the way, had never visited the Congo personally. 3 Holland, European Union Common Foreign Policy …” „… context: First, the abolition of apartheid, and second, support for a new democratic system. From the …” „… to an another authoritarian system, for which Africa was well-known before 1990. 2.1. The EC and …”

Annette Junemann, Michèle Knodt Explaining EU-Instruments and Strategies of EU Democracy Promotion. Concluding Remarks S. 351-370

„… of strategies and instruments: 1) the EU Multi-Level System; 2) the interdependence between the EU …” „… this collection tested. 2. The Multi-Level System of the EU As elaborated in the introduction, the …” „… decision-making and the strong role of the Member States within the EU multilevel system. Special bilateral …”

Kirsten Westphal External Democratization: The EU, Latin America and the biregional pattern S. 93-119

„… best means of strengthening the international order are also enshrined as foreign objectives in the …” „… power differences among states because not all states in the international system are politically and …” „… multilateral system with well functioning international institutions and a rule-based international order the …”

Authors / Abstracts S. 371-376

„… relations’ and ‘European foreign and security policy’ at the Centre for Applied Policy Research (C.A.P …” „… makes it necessary to consider the decision-making process that takes places in a multi-level system of …” „… governance. Based hereupon, European foreign policy is understood as comprising all policies of the EC and …”

Pamela Jawad The European Union as an External Democracy Promoter in the South Caucasus Region? S. 269-292

„… assumption that “an international system of states embracing these values will be one in which it is easier …” „… Revolution“. It supported the new government through the “Reuniting Europe” budget line of the Foreign and …” „… Minister of Foreign Affairs stated: “The global cooperation of the European Union and the United States for …”

Florian P. Kühn Das Engagement der Europäischen Union zur Demokratisierung Afghanistans S. 145-169

„… durchsetzbar. Dieses System liegt in der Logik präsidentieller Regierungssysteme, weil es die Rolle des …” „… daran hätten, ein System zu finden, das ihre Chancen auf eine Wiederwahl verbessere und weniger von …” „… . 50 Vgl. Council of the European Union, EU-Afghan Joint Declaration, S. 2. 161 westfälischen System …”

Gordon Crawford Assessing EU Democracy Promotion in Africa: The case of Ghana S. 71-92

„… million per annum and is distributed mainly to 5 Crawford, Foreign Aid and Political Reform, p. 44. 6 …” „… decades of structural adjustment. It is accepted that a democratic political system is expensive to …” „… important role. Some examples are given here. Regarding the electoral system, key problems for the …”

Ana Echagüe, Richard Youngs Democracy Dilemmas in the Middle East The Cases of Iran, Saudi Arabia and Yemen S. 317-335

„… foreign policy, the Middle East offers a particularly important and rich perspective on the relationship …” „… reform re-asserted themselves within Iran’s complex and hybrid political system, frustration grew among …” „… www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/act/article.asp?ARF=49383 (09.01.02997). 5 Moshaver, Revolution, Theocratic Leadership and Iran’s Foreign Policy …”

Annette Junemann Realpolitisches Nutzenkalkül oder konstruktivistischer Rollenkonflikt? Erklärungsansätze für die Inkohärenz europäischer Demokratieförderung im südlichen Mittelmeerraum S. 293-317

„… political, socio-cultural, economic and judical system“ relativieren allerdings das normative Bekenntnis und …” „… zusammen: „Das internationale System ist wie jede gesellschaftliche Struktur auch eine Rollenstruktur, die …” „… Akteure im internationalen System verstanden werden.23 Relevant für diese Einstellungs- und …”

Timm Beichelt Externe Demokratisierungsstrategien der Europäischen Union: Die Fälle Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine S. 205-231

„… , Systemwechsel in Osteuropa. Frankfurt 1994. Carlsnaes, Walter/Smith, Steve Rathgeb (Hrsg.), European Foreign …” „… Außenpolitik? 16 Soetendorp, Foreign Policy in the European Union. 17 Zu einer wesentlich kritischeren …” „… and Foreign Policy. 48 Olszanski, Die Ukraine und Rußland: Von der Desintegration zur Reintegration …”

Alexander Warkotsch Die Demokratisierungspolitik der EU in Zentralasien S. 185-204

„… Menschenrechtsfragen und weniger Aspekte der demokratischen Transformation, vgl. Smith, European Union Foreign Policy …” „… “progressive“ Kasachstan eine Pro-Kopf Hilfe in Höhe von 0,87 Euro aus, während das diktatorische System in …” „… , European Union Foreign Policy in a Changing World, S. 126f. 197 und Schmitter56, folgend, werden in den …”

Elena Baracani Pre-accession and Neighbourhood: The European Union’s Democratic Conditionality in Turkey and Morocco S. 335-350

„… : is it always true that the EU’s foreign policy role as an international security agent or as the …” „… the Turkish legal system closer to European standards as regards the freedom of political parties …” „… the judicial system is concerned, the EU has not only indicated in the Accession Partnership for …”

Susan Stewart EU Democracy Promotion in the Western Balkans S. 231-247

„… organizations. According to then German Foreign Minister Joschka Fischer, the Pact was intended to reorient the …” „… in the Balkans, and French foreign minister Philippe Douste-Blazy stated that "these countries …” „… Croatian government, Elmar Brok, the Chairman of the Foreign Policy Committee of the European Parliament …”

Susanne Gratius Democracy Promotion in Latin America: the EU policy towards Colombia, Cuba and Venezuela S. 119-144

„… , democracy promotion has traditionally not been a key issue in European foreign policy but instead an …” „… . 129 more of a domestic than foreign policy issue in Spain, to a certain extent, EU policy does also …” „… principal motivation is not Cuba but moral or ethic principles of foreign policy. - “The Engagers …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204215

Stefan Ahlswede - Israel's European policy after the Cold War

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Stefan Ahlswede

Israel's European policy after the Cold War

Series: Düsseldorfer Schriften zu Internationaler Politik und Völkerrecht

Volume 6 2009

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The research design: structured empiricism S. 21-26

„… is the foreign policy system’s response, that is the substance of acts or decisions taken. Not to be …” „… fields. In essence, our model of the foreign policy system is made up of four parts, just as any classic …” „… misunderstood: the output of a foreign policy system is not something like “war”, but a concrete act such as the …”

The politicians S. 121-123

„… French initiative, backed by the whole of the foreign policy system’s processors, and he ultimately …” „… to who in the European policy system initiated the system’s internal policy process that has led to …” „… Director Generals.333 In the midnineties, the Foreign Ministry’s Deputy Director General for European …”

What we need: form follows function S. 18-21

„… state’s deployment of troops at the state’s border. Output is the foreign policy system’s response, that …” „… do this for us: we will now establish a model of the foreign policy system and the foreign policy …” „… systems theory in foreign policy analysis, see e. g. Clarke, 1989. 21 basis for a probabilistic …”

The ministerial officials S. 119-121

„… upheld the position to reject the French initiative, backed by the whole of the foreign policy system’s …” „… process policy, then again, is Israel’s first foreign policy priority whilst relations with Europe rank …” „… the actual actors in the policy system, influencing and carrying out the behaviour we have observed …”

Administrative units S. 123-124

„… in the European policy system initiated the system’s internal policy process that has led to the …” „… Peres, the two French speaking Europhiles, stand out amongst all the Foreign and Prime Ministers …” „… foreign policy. On closer examination there is nothing to suggest that any Israeli government has regarded …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… . The operational environment of Israel’s foreign policy system 29 2.1.1. External operational …” „… 46 2.1.2.5. Interest groups 48 2.2. The psychological environment of Israel’s foreign policy system …” „… environment 29 2.1.1.1. Global system 31 2.1.1.2. Subordinate systems 32 2.1.1.2.1. The Middle Eastern …”

Reference List S. 285-322

„… Journal (Washington/ D. C.), 51 (2), 200–214. Clarke, M. (1989). The foreign policy system: A framework …” „… policy system: Implementation approaches. In M. Clarke & B. White (Eds.), Understanding foreign policy …” „… for analysis. In M. Clarke & B. White (Eds.), Understanding foreign policy: The foreign policy systems …”

Further measures S. 195-202

„… Union, 1994b. 645 On Israel’s foreign policy system’s handling of the Essen declaration, see p. 172. 646 …” „… Israel is still just a mere 1 per cent of the EU’s total foreign trade. Israel may have made some threats …” „… marked example of declaratory policy, Foreign Minister Levy thus tried to win the Europeans’ sympathies …”

External operational environment S. 29-42

„… what is outlined here. 2.1. The operational environment of Israel’s foreign policy system 2.1.1 …” „… member, but influences from this system certainly reach Israel’s foreign policy system as inputs – in our …” „… 2.1.1.1. Global system Israel is a member in a number of overlapping international systems. The global …”

Images – Israel’s self-perception S. 50-57

„… invariably have to put up. It would be wrong to claim that Israel’s foreign policy has been determined by …” „… taken of its place in the world and of its foreign relations. Zionist and Israeli politicians have …” „… history and experience on Israeli politics and foreign policymaking, see also Dowty, 1999. 54 the …”

Index S. 323-331

„… , 221, 222, 223, 224, 228, 235, 236, 257 Foreign policy system 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 33 …” „… , 36, 41, 107, 263, 265, 266 Common Foreign and Security Policy 34, 89, 95, 227, 241, 242, 266, 276 …” „… , 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 126, 196, 240, 255, 256 European policy system …”

The attitudinal prism S. 48-50

„… environment of Israel’s foreign policy system The psychological environment is the perceptual counterpart to …” „… that processors of Israel’s foreign policy system perceive them. It is these images that processors act …” „… prism of the processors in Israel’s European policy system. We will instead concentrate on the images …”

Perception of the EU’s attitude S. 228-231

„… the EU’s attitude. Sergio Minerby, a former ambassador to the EC and the Foreign Ministry’s Deputy …” „… has been shared by many processors in Israel’s European policy system. In this view, the causes of the …” „… whether Israel and Europe may hold di?erent values as to what is considered appropriate foreign behaviour …”

The politicians S. 232-235

„… relevant actors in Israel’s foreign policy system who have shaped and implemented Israel’s behaviour …” „… system, we of course immediately think of a state’s Foreign Minister. In Israel’s European policy system …” „… with Europe. Central as the Foreign Minister is on the political level of the European policy system …”

Remarks on Israel’s policy style S. 221-225

„… resources of the foreign policy system that are left over to handle inputs of comparatively low-priority …” „… policy areas. With so many issues of higher priority to deal with, Israel’s foreign policy system simply …” „… came to the negotiations with the Foreign Ministry’s vague political objective for closer relations, a …”

The ministerial officials S. 235-237

„… have been more actors in and around the foreign policy system that had a role or even …” „… – just as with the Foreign and the Prime Minister – has been implementation. Their main instrument has …” „… politicians. The most important processors of European policy on the o?cials’ level have come from the Foreign …”

Internal operational environment S. 42-48

„… groups in the case studies below. 2.2. The psychological environment of Israel’s foreign policy system …” „… , 2003a. For an overview of Israel’s negotiations with the PLO, see Israel Ministry of Foreign A?airs …” „… has been highly dependant on foreign trade. Exports have been crucial to finance the vital imports and …”

Bounded slippage and emergencism S. 261-262

„… slippage: Using the equivalent of a fluctuation band in policy output, Israel’s foreign policy system will …” „… system has tolerated these aberrations from the designated behaviour by what we have termed bounded …” „… lead to seriously undesirable feedback from the environment, the system will not correct unintended …”

A third leg – Counterbalance a possible decrease of American commitment S. 113-119

„… Principles and the Oslo Accords. So, the relevant actors in the Israeli foreign policy system did indeed have …” „… important”, Foreign Minister Levy told Israel’s ambassadors in Europe in May 1992, a European orientation …” „… United States had followed a clear foreign policy “as long as Communism still existed. After its fall it …”

The case studies S. 16-18

„… relations were chosen that were processed by Israel’s foreign policy system since the end to the East-West …” „… Israel-European relations processed by the Israeli foreign policy system in the period under investigation can be …” „… Monetary System. Herman, 2005 analyses the potential of an EU-Israel free trade in services agreement …”

Has Israel’s European Policy changed? S. 263-267

„… an overview of the challenges that the Israeli foreign policy system has faced and of the aims its …” „… sub-system, the Israeli European policy system has formulated in response: Challenge to the Foreign Policy …” „… European policy system: the end of the Cold War and the Israeli-Palestinian peace, the Oslo Accords. One …”

The role of private interest groups S. 212-215

„… drive for an upgrading of relations within the foreign policy system. What makes Primor di?erent from …” „… long-term thinking may play a role in Israeli foreign policy – as far as association with the EU was …” „… concerned – in the period under analysis, Primor was the planner of the policy system. Given a free hand to …”

Further actors S. 237-239

„… course, there have been more actors in and around the foreign policy system that had a role or even …” „… inter-ministerial panel summoned by the Foreign Minister. Its permanent core members were the Foreign Minister, the …” „… Israel’s European policy system. They determined Israel’s “policy” towards the EC/ EU as we have understood …”

The future of the EU’s contribution S. 278-280

„… : which stimuli in turn could Europe give for Israel’s foreign policy, particularly its peace process …” „… Israel’s worldview to the actors of Israel’s foreign policy process, we must assume that these actors su?er …” „… European policy but certainly also in Israel’s central foreign policy area, in peace process policy. In …”

Usefulness of our model S. 280

„… Israeli foreign policy system is still up to the task after more than three decades. Specifically, the …” „… procedures in only one segment of a state’s foreign policy. It did indeed do this very well, primarily for …” „… perceptions has proven most potent. A central aspect of Israel’s foreign behaviour and of Israel’s attitude …”

Israel’s perspective S. 108-113

„… . Israel’s Foreign Minister Ehud Barak, quoted in Jerusalem Post 1995, December 1; Alpher, 1998; Tovias …” „… , Israel has long been yearning to accede to the Pan-European Cumulation System (PECS) introduced in 1998 …” „… Pan-Euro-Med Cumulation System (PEMCS). To Israel’s dismay, however, the EU has been following a rigid …”

Token role of the EU S. 259-261

„… policy system has tolerated these aberrations from the designated behaviour by what we have termed …” „… bounded slippage: Using the equivalent of a fluctuation band in policy output, Israel’s foreign policy …” „… system will allow the designated policy output to slip within boundaries. As long as the aberrant …”

A special case: Avi Primor S. 211-212

The dispute on rules of origin S. 160-164

„… amongst actors of the Israeli foreign policy system over what Israel’s behaviour in the negotiations …” „… domestic actors. At the same time, there were conflicts within the Israeli foreign policy system that were …” „… over-estimated. After all, if Israel is looking for foreign investors for pure economic reasons, it is most …”

The ministerial officials S. 202-205

„… . 4.7.3.4. The name of the agreement As another strategic measure, the Foreign Ministry wanted the 1995 …” „… certainly not fit Israel’s much farther reaching ambitions.658 Rather, the Foreign Ministry’s motivation was …” „… Foreign Ministry, the Foreign Trade Department of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, and to a lesser …”

The data basis S. 26-27

„… serve to help us understand the workings of Israel’s foreign policy system, Israel’s aims and tactics …” „… fragments of theory of foreign policy and international relations. Presenting an overview of the main …” „… in the international system since the mid-eighties and of its changing position in the Middle Eastern …”

Conflicting visions S. 220-221

„… phenomenon of scarce resources here, scarce resources of the foreign policy system that are left over to …” „… with, Israel’s foreign policy system simply has no resources at hand to process European inputs more …” „… , the upgrading of relations came about because Israel’s foreign behaviour moved aside an obstacle to EC …”

The politicians S. 207-211

„… issue that the foreign policy system should deal with. In fact, however, it was the ministerial o?cials …” „… foreign policy agenda throughout the whole of the period under analysis. Politically, the issue has never …” „… Foreign Ministry’s approach. Generally speaking, they acted as ministers, not as party politicians or as …”

Preventing an EU political role S. 239-243

„… European policy system and in Israel’s civil society who have spoken out and promoted closer association …” „… policy system have become discernible, we have analysed and described them above with the respective case …” „… , generalised account here of typical structures and processes of Israel’s European policy system. As such an …”

The actors S. 97-98

„… were Prime and Defence Minister Peres, Foreign Minister Barak, Vice Foreign Minister Beilin and, on the …” „… professional level, the Foreign Ministry’s Deputy Director General for European A?airs, Bavli. Other ministries …” „… were not involved.247 The line-up of Israel’s top foreign policy personnel processing the issue is …”

Bureaucratic units S. 237

The Inter-Ministerial Director Generals’ Committee for Economic International Affairs S. 205-207

„… issue that the foreign policy system should deal with. In fact, however, it was the ministerial o?cials …” „… 205 sionals have also functioned as the very actors of Israel’s foreign behaviour vis-àvis the EU …” „… the Foreign Ministry. In the last decade, the National Bank’s representative of international a?airs …”

Incompatible perspectives on appropriate foreign behaviour S. 272-274

„… processors of Israel’s foreign policy system would need to have internalised these norms at least to the …” „… become visible in the lessons drawn from history determining what is considered appropriate foreign …” „… behaviour, as we will see below. 6.2.4. Incompatible perspectives on appropriate foreign behaviour Israel …”

General outline S. 27-28

„… the workings of Israel’s foreign policy system, Israel’s aims and tactics here. In chapter 5 we will …” „… international system since the mid-eighties and of its changing position in the Middle Eastern system. The …” „… , chapter 2 provides a portrait of the internal boundaries of choice in Israel’s foreign behaviour. A …”

The EU’s special envoy to the Middle East S. 98-104

„… was in charge of organising the Madrid conference as an o?cial at the Spanish Foreign Ministry. At …” „… tour of Europe, neither Netanyahu nor his Foreign Minister Levy had visited the European Commission.252 …” „… intended to improve accessibility to the sight by turning it from a cul-de-sac into a one-way system. The …”

Scientific interest S. 13-15

„… foreign policy analyses ascertain how policy is formed and conducted for high priority issues, within high …” „… intended to serve as a case study for further research in two neglected areas of foreign policy analysis …” „… of foreign policy under conditions of inferiority in an asymmetry of power on the other. In order to …”

Misperceptions and policy failure S. 231-232

„… going to go away. 5.2. The policy system So who have been the relevant actors in Israel’s foreign …” „… foreign policy options. Secondly – and potentially more harmful – Israel may not only bark up the wrong …” „… policy system who have shaped and implemented Israel’s behaviour towards the EC/ EU? For a better …”

Confusion over Israel’s goal S. 146-153

„… new agreement with the EC-turned-EU by the Head of the EU’s Council of Ministers, the Belgian Foreign …” „… allowed to hold foreign currency except under special circumstances.436 Israeli economists concluded in …” „… Israeli employees. As a rule, foreign workers are not allowed to work in Israel unless there is a …”

Self-conception of Israel vis-à-vis Europe S. 226-228

„… input into the foreign policy system. We need to be aware that due to data shortage the perceptions and …” „… Ashkenazi background. The images of individual processors in Israel’s European policy system however may …” „… , its democratic political system, its Western society and its high level of development …”

Perspective on integration S. 274-278

„… trans-national system as soon as integration is supposed to be substantial. It is not at all clear if Israel will …” „… touches upon religious issues and exclusion and autonomy from a future European defence system.773 Under …” „… give for Israel’s foreign policy, particularly its peace process policy? There is potential …”

State of research S. 15-16

„… foreign relations have been a focal point of the works of historians, political scientists and analysts of …” „… Monetary System. Herman, 2005 analyses the potential of an EU-Israel free trade in services agreement …” „… . Similarly, the determinants and workings of Israeli foreign policy in general have rarely been analysed …”

Abbreviations S. 11-12

„… Foreign and Security Policy CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe DGC Inter-Ministerial …” „… Pan-European Cumulation System PEMCS Pan-Euro-Mediterranean Cumulation System PLO Palestine Liberation …”

Why has Israel been successful? S. 218-220

„… cooperation or some collective system could be discussed, whilst the Arab states claimed it was exactly the …” „… about because Israel’s foreign behaviour moved aside an obstacle to EC assent. There was no need to …”

Has Israel achieved its aims? S. 215-218

„… about the EMA negotiations, in the Israeli system they did not operate as pressure groups. They were not …” „… noted, in foreign policy the Ministry of Agriculture were stronger.683 It is important to understand …”

Sign or keep negotiating? S. 179-186

„… in 1998, the Foreign Ministry was the only one to push for continuation, if only to prevent a …” „… the time – Israel’s declared advocate and champion in the European Union. Foreign Minister Peres …” „… tactics. At the end of October, Germany – or, rather, its Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel – had been deeply …”

The EU as the facilitator of peace S. 243-247

„… process. So far, Israeli foreign behaviour has been consistent over the period under analysis here. Closer …” „… prominently with Foreign and Prime Minister Shamir. It is based on Zeev Jabotinsky’s theorem of the iron wall …” „… is to convince the Arabs to come to the negotiation table”, Shamir thus told the French Foreign …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845219189

Tobias P. Maass - Handelspolitische Schutzinstrumente im Luftverkehr

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Tobias P. Maass

Handelspolitische Schutzinstrumente im Luftverkehr

Series: Europäisches Wirtschaftsrecht

Volume 55 2012

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No title S. 382-383

„… eliminate an activity of a foreign air carrier that owns or markets a computer reservations system, or of a …” „… reservations system to a foreign market. …” „… section on the complaint. (g) Actions Against Discriminatory Activity by Foreign CRS Systems.— The …”

Die Bekämpfung unlauterer Handelspraktiken in der US-Luftverkehrsgesetzgebung S. 334-340

„… restriction on access of such a computer reservations system to a foreign market”. 1951 49 U.S.C. 41310 (d …” „… „Part 213“ („Terms, Conditions and Limitations of Foreign Air Carrier Permits“) als Teil ihrer Economic …” „… foreign air carriers in foreign air transportation, and for other purposes, Pub.L. 92-259, 86 Stat. 95 …”

Anwendungsbereich S. 340-342

„… unjustifiable or unreasonable restriction on access of such a computer reservations system to a foreign market …” „… reservations system firm whose principal offices are located inside the United States; or (2) imposes an …” „… Körperschaft wenden.1954. Mit dem offenen Begriff der „foreign entity“ wird das Bemühen des US-Gesetzgebers …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 384-398

„… & Policy Series #13 – Unilateral Action to Open Foreign Markets: The Mechanics of Retaliation Exercises, in …” „… Europe – Towards an Efficient European Air Transport System, Aldershot, 2004 CALLIESS, Christian/RUFFERT …” „… , Stephen D./PAUL, Joel R./BLECKER, Robert A., Fundamentals of U.S. Foreign Trade Policy – Economics …”

Entwicklung des US-Luftverkehrsmarktes S. 327-334

„… well-functioning international transportation system”. Siehe auch DUBUC/JONES, 45 J. Air L. & Com. (1979-1980) 921 …” „… erließ das CAB die Verwaltungsverordnung „Part 213“ („Terms, Conditions and Limitations of Foreign Air …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845235677

Prinz Nikolaus von und zu Liechtenstein, Mario Monti, Bo Vesterdorf, Jay Westbrook, Luzius Wildhaber - Economic Law and Justice in Times of Globalisation | Wirtschaftsrecht und Justiz in Zeiten der Globalisierung

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Prinz Nikolaus von und zu Liechtenstein (ed.), Mario Monti (ed.), Bo Vesterdorf (ed.), Jay Westbrook (ed.), Luzius Wildhaber (ed.)

Economic Law and Justice in Times of Globalisation | Wirtschaftsrecht und Justiz in Zeiten der Globalisierung

2007

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Henrik Bull Recognition of Foreign Bankruptcies: Swiss Law as an Example to the World? S. 727-734

„… 727 HENRIK BULL Recognition of Foreign Bankruptcies: Swiss Law as an Example to the World? Henrik …” „… Bull Recognition of Foreign Bankruptcies: Swiss Law as an Example to the World? I. Universality vs …” „… corollary to this, the claims of foreign creditors are as a main rule accepted on an equal footing with the …”

Sir Basil Markesinis Political thought in legal judgments S. 191-206

„… foreign idea The systems I have envisaged above belong to countries which, though not parts of the old …” „… tendency to teach foreign law in the tradition of René David’s ‹Les Grands Systèmes 54 On which see the …” „… inspiration or the problem of relevance 201 3. The need to be assured of the compatibility of the foreign idea …”

Thomas Cottier The Judge in International Economic Relations S. 99-122

„… evolution after the Second World War. The rise of constitutional law, however, did not extend to foreign …” „… context of the nation state.5 Foreign policy was essentially considered unsuitable for the judicial …” „… . Even here, however, domestic law often barred courts from adjudicating matters relating to foreign …”

Jay Lawrence Westbrook National Regulation of Multinational Default S. 777-792

„… system through a combination of assertiveness and cooperation. One aspect of that endeavor is the …” „… describing the legal system. The United States has a long-standing approach to the bankruptcy of a …” „… , worldwide result. In the converse situation, where a foreign corporation is the subject of a United States …”

Eleanor M. Fox Antitrust in Times of Globalization S. 319-330

„… barriers were high. In the United States, major industries were protected from foreign competition; they …” „… successfully contested the U.S. automobile market. American producers, in turn, set sights on foreign markets …” „… much antitrust. It complained also that U.S. antitrust was following American firms into foreign …”

Sanford Levinson The Importance of the Comparative Moment in Constitutional Design An Essay for Carl Baudenbacher S. 165-174

„… by an awareness of basic facts about the operation of foreign legal systems. One can, after all …” „… that would make illegal the citation of foreign law. Thus a bill labeled «The Constitutional …” „… , administrative rule, Executive order, directive, policy, judicial decision, or any other action of any foreign …”

Mark A. Lemley, David O’Brien, Ryan M. Kent, Ashok Ramani, Robert Van Nest Divided Infringement Claims S. 475-488

„… foreign computer systems.69 We agree that extending laws extraterritorially should be done with caution …” „… globe into the ambit of a territorial legal system that looks for a single infringer. Not surprisingly …” „… to the government but excludes «any claim arising in a foreign country,» requires that the defendant …”

Mario Monti Competition Policy and International Integration S. 519-522

„… governance system for the global economy. The EU’s founding fathers fifty years ago had a visionary …” „… shared and «owned» – enforcement system. This allows the EU level, and the Commission in particular, to …” „… personality of the EU in foreign affairs (in particular through the institution of a figure with prerogatives …”

Paolo Mengozzi The European Union balance of powers and the case law related to EC external relations S. 207-224

„… judges in the EU institutional system 219 VI. The deference to the political institutions of the …” „… Community judges and the peculiar characteristics of their powers and of their functioning in a system in …” „… affecting the whole sphere of application of the Community legal system. With regard to the implementation …”

George A. Bermann The Emergence of Transatlantic Regulation S. 275-282

„… simplifies or facilitates their tasks or that, occasional foreign travel notwithstanding, it makes their …” „… External Relations, while for the US it was played by the Department of State (i.e., foreign affairs …” „… : Philippart/Winand (eds.), Ever Closer Partnership, 2001, 267-82. 10 Caroline Southey, EU Foreign Ministers Back …”

Bo Vesterdorf The EC Competition Law Policy on Fines Main Issues and Ways Ahead S. 671-690

„… . Problems of the current system 681 II. Towards EC criminal competition sanctions: other systems and ways …” „… system of fines in competition law 672 a) The Treaty, Regulation 1/2003, and the distribution of powers …” „… introduce and how to pursue 688 aa) The first option: introducing a criminal system at EU level 688 bb) The …”

Dr. Clifford A. Jones Private Antitrust in the Global Market. An Essay on «Swimming without getting wet» S. 443-454

„… some common law systems) look even worse to American eyes than the US system looks to European ones …” „… often is no more than single damages, fairly calculated. European and other foreign systems frequently …” „… Historical Relationships, Competition Policy in the Global Trading System 3, 14-15 (Clifford A. Jones/Mitsuo …”

Thorgeir Örlygsson Twelve Years of Experience S. 225-242

„… , Iceland, at a conference hosted jointly by the EFTA Court in Luxembourg, The Ministry for Foreign Affairs …” „… the EFTA States, and also a system for review of the surveillance procedure and for settlement of …” „… institutions was provided for. Article 106 EEA is a good example of this. There, a system of exchange of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-22

„… Kartellverbot nach dem Systemwechsel Beurteilungs- und Gestaltungsspielräume im System der Legalsausnahme 299 …” „… Foreign Bankruptcies: Swiss Law as an Example to the World? 727 Professor Dr. rer publ. Peter Nobel a.o …”

Barry E. Hawk Conduct Element in Abuse of Dominant Position S. 393-404

„… the trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, shall be deemed guilty of a …” „… , System Failure: Vertical Restraints and EC Competition Law, (1995) 32 CMLRev. 973 (1995). For a recent …” „… : Two systems of belief about monopoly?, Antitrust Bulletin 343 (2004). 25 See also Commissioner Neelie …”

Dirk Buschle The Free Movement of Capital in the EEA – A Lehrstück in Homogeneity S. 75-98

„… Homogeneity is certainly the keyword of the truly sui generis system established by the EEA Agreement. As far …” „… as the courts in that system are concerned, the principle of homogeneity is first and foremost …” „… explicitly endorsed by Norwegian Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Støre in a recent speech, cf …”

Philip Lowe Director Competition Policy as an Instrument of Global Governance S. 489-502

„… governance, it is not sufficient in a system of an open global economy to look just at the internal organi- 1 …” „… Philip Lowe Finally, foreign subsidies, granted by third countries, may have an impact on location …” „… innovation aid). The system strikes a balance between the state intervention justified by market failures or …”

Christian Dialog der Gerichte im europäischen Justizraum. Zur Rolle des EuGH bei der Auslegung des neuen Übereinkommens von Lugano S. 141-156

„… Informationsaustausch solange fortführt, bis das von der Kommission einzurichtende System bereit ist. Dialog der …” „… coexistence of the EEA Agreement and the EC Treaty system»44. Unabhängig von dieser Entwicklung spricht gegen …” „… dieser Problematik werden deutlich in The relevance of foreign legal materials in U.S. constitutional …”

Hans Petter Graver The Harmonisation of National Administrative Law S. 377-392

„… altogether. Consequently, the system in issue clearly goes beyond what is necessary in order to attain the …” „… all forms of discrimination of foreign goods. As a result of the confrontations with measures of …” „… patterns of substantive and procedural standards. Certain elements of the State control system have been …”

Marco Bronckers he Relationship of the EC Courts with other International Tribunals Non-committal, Respectful or Submissive? S. 51-74

„… : The Contribution of the Dispute Settlement System 474 (Sacerdoti/Yanovich/Bohanes eds., 2006 …” „… : Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System 383-405 (Bartels/Ortino eds., 2006). 14 For a recent …” „… establish a system of adjudication in a treaty, pursuant to which another court would settle disputes …”

Peter Jann Nationale Steuern und das EG Beihilfenverbot – ein Überblick S. 419-442

„… einem gemeinsamen Markt wie dem Binnenmarkt2 der Europäischen Union – also in einem System des offenen …” „… allgemeine System, den Besitz, die Beförderung und die Kontrolle verbrauchsteuerpflichtiger Waren (ABl. 1992 …” „… EG-Vertrag vorgesehene Beihilfeverbot soll dazu beitragen, ein System des fairen (weil unverfälschten …”

Jochen Glöckner Sprach- und Rechtsräume im Markenrecht S. 351-376

„… besucht am 8.2.2007). 3 American Institute for Foreign Study …” „… . Verfahrenstechnisch kann das durch die Registrierung einer internationalen Marke nach dem Madrider System vereinfacht …” „… Entscheidungen außerhalb des Systems der Gemeinschaftsmarke: In allen Mitgliedstaaten, in denen Hukla noch keinen …”

Eleanor Sharpston An impressive level of scrutiny: Appearing before the EFTA Court in two early cases S. 243-252

„… interpretative documents. (8) My overall conclusion is that the system of Advisory Opinions under the EEA …” „… › jurisdictions are sometimes confused with each other (›after all, they are all, well, foreign›), there was no …”

Luzius Wildhaber The Protection of Legitimate Expectations in European Human Rights Law S. 253-264

„… distinctive context of the Convention system.1 I. The right to property as a human right The attempt to …” „… , argued that the right should be left out altogether. Consensus was slow in the making. When the foreign …”

Peter Nobel Globalisierung des Gesellschaftsrechts S. 735-748

„… Bankenaufsicht, Principles for the Supervision of Banks’ Foreign Establishments, 1983, die ursprünglich (1975 …” „… Foreign Issuers» von 1998. Diese beschäftigen sich mit den Non-Financials der Prospekte und sind das Mass …” „… Globalisierungsdiskussion bestreiten. Konzepte, wie die Mitbestimmung, die man als systemfremd betrachten kann, müssten so …”

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