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Florian Ade - Local public choice: five essays on fiscal policy, interest rates, and elections

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Florian Ade

Local public choice: five essays on fiscal policy, interest rates, and elections

Series: Neue Studien zur Politischen Ökonomie

Volume 11 2013

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Electoral system S. 94-95

„… observations.103.2.2 Electoral systemThe German electoral system at the federal and state level is a …” „… mixed-member proportional system. The intention of such a system is to have proportional representationin …” „… district (hereafter direct candidate) in a firstpast-the-post system. Second, they elect the party for the …”

Introduction S. 55-61

„… useof the precise timing of local elections in the German electoral system. This designrelies on second …” „… to be concerned with making the best decision within this system of political integration.This paper …” „… its vote share in the proportional vote whenit provides the direct representative of the electoral …”

Theoretical considerations S. 92-94

„… observations.103.2.2 Electoral systemThe German electoral system at the federal and state level is a …” „… heterogeneous incumbency effects in a pure two-party system, and the institutional background for German …” „… heterogeneity by government participation. To fix ideas, we assume a twoparty system and introduce the following …”

Empirical model and methodology S. 67-69

„… institutional feature in the German electoral system.When mayor elections and town council elections are held …” „… examplethat Lee (2008) uses to illustrate the need for this assumption is electoral fraud. If oneparty had the …” „… ability to administrate electoral fraud and influence the final vote countin their favor, then in repeated …”

General introduction S. 13-20

„… policy and political effects of electoral systems and their rules (chapters1, 2, 3, 4) and rules and …” „… of power, election system, etc.).1 In particular the paper investigates whether it makes a …” „… elected mayors resemble a presidential system and those with council-elected mayors a parliamentary one …”

Local constitutional economics for Germany S. 26-29

„… constitutions (horizontalseparation of power, electoral system, direct democracy) and economic policy outcome …” „… ofpresidentialism, these authors argue that the reform rather describes a switch from aproportional electoral system …” „… ) investigate the joint effect of the directelection together with a change in the fiscal equalization system7 …”

Effect of town council elections on run-off mayoral elections S. 76-78

„… analysis, we turn away from theRDDand use another institutionalfeature of the German electoral system …” „… , a secondballot between the two leading candidates is held. This feature in the electoral …” „… thethreshold, there should be no systematic difference between the number of observations around the …”

Levels of local government in Germany S. 29-30

„… different electoral rules at the local levelimpact the degree to which municipalities react to a reform in …” „… sub-state federal system in Germany, the decision power of the municipalities, the different constitutional …” „… GermanyThe German federal systems comprises three main levels: the federal government, thestates (or Länder …”

Voting system and rules S. 61-63

„… useof the precise timing of local elections in the German electoral system. This designrelies on second …” „… on the data provided by the state offices for statistical services.2.2.1 Voting system and rulesThere …” „… analysis wepresent information on the voting systems and rules as well as the key properties oflocal …”

Effect of the mayor’s political identity on subsequent town council elections S. 69-75

„… distinct institutional feature in the German electoral system.When mayor elections and town council …”

Effect of the mayor’s political identity on elections for higher levels of government S. 75-76

„… another institutionalfeature of the German electoral system. Whenever mayor and town council electionsare …” „… candidates is held. This feature in the electoral designpresents an interesting opportunity to study the …”

Data S. 98-99

„… several state elections.One concern with the data is redistricting of the electoral districts, in …” „… SPD should havethe same size and sign in a pure two-party system, as outlined in section 3.2. The …” „… firstthree columns of table 3.2 show that this holds true even in the German system that99 …”

Introduction S. 89-92

„… discussion on the possible heterogeneity of incumbency effects in a puretwo-party system. Then, we estimate …” „… IntroductionThe electoral advantage of incumbency is perhaps one of the best known and leastunderstood facts of …” „… on incumbency effects across parties andgovernment participation in a pure two-party system. The …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… background 923.2.1 Theoretical considerations 923.2.2 Electoral system 943.3 Empirical strategy 953.4 Data …” „… Institutional background: voting rules and local government 612.2.1 Voting system and rules 622.2.2 Local …”

Institutional setting S. 129-132

„… Institutional settingThe German federal system comprises of four tiers. Apart from the federal, state andcounty …” „… water supply. As the municipalities are the lowest tier of the federal system, most lawsregulating their …” „… affect spending.131at the beginning of the electoral cycle it is probable that such decisions also …”

Empirical strategy S. 95-98

„… closeelection outcomes for identification. However, because of the first-past-the-post system the vote share of …” „… the data is redistricting of the electoral districts, in particular beforethe 2002 election.18 We …”

Bibliography S. 173-182

„… and majoritrian electoral systems,”mimeo.(2010a): “Do fiscal transfers alleviate business tax …” „… fromHistorical Data, 1890-2000,”University PompeuFabra Working Paper, 1123.(2009): “How Do Electoral Systems …” „… mixed electoral systems: Evidence from a regression-discontinuity design,” Electoral Studies, 27 …”

RDD validity and robustness tests S. 78-80

„… both of those tests.Freier (2011) estimates a RDD to evaluate the electoral advantage for German …” „… thethreshold, there should be no systematic difference between the number of observations around the …” „… indication that those frequencies are systematically29 The R2 clearly indicates that the vote share from the …”

Importance of simultaneous exogenous co-treatment S. 132-135

„… at the beginning of the electoral cycle it is probable that such decisions also coincidewith …” „… choosing a full-time mayor does not seem to be altered systematically at thosethresholds. Rather, the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845246390

Louis Perron - How to overcome the power of incumbency in election campaigns

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Louis Perron

How to overcome the power of incumbency in election campaigns

Series: Kommunikation in Politik und Wirtschaft

Volume 3 2010

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The electoral system S. 105-108

„… The electoral systemBeyond the government system, the electoral system has also an important …” „… people. However, there is an aspect of the Electoral College system that stillhas an important impact on …” „… phenomenon.The type of electoral system also has an impact on whether campaigns are centered on candidates or on …”

The party system S. 108-114

„… , expectations of results and subsequent results.The party systemLinked to the electoral system is the party …” „… interesting aspect of how the electoral system impacts on campaigns. The author explores whether or not …” „… . Downs (1957)links the number of parties with the electoral system and explains that in general,majority …”

The political system S. 102-105

„… , see Ruland 1990).104The electoral systemBeyond the government system, the electoral system has also an …” „… people. However, there is an aspect of the Electoral College system that stillhas an important impact on …” „… campaigns can make a big impact.The political systemPolitical scientists traditionally distinguish between a …”

BIBLIOGRAPHY S. 265-296

„… Systems.Electoral Studies 20 (2): 173-193.290Silverman, David. 1993. Interpreting Qualitative Data: Methods for …” „… Studies Quarterly 33 (2): 291.Farrell, David M. 1997. Comparing Electoral Systems. London, New York …” „… www.netpolitique.net/ressources, accessed on March 17, 2003.Katz, Richard. 1980. A Theory of Parties and Electoral Systems …”

INTRODUCTION S. 15-26

„… show inchapter 7, election campaigns differ across countries because the political system,culture …” „… system and in particular the role of parties varies greatly from one countryto the other, and as a result …” „… much lessimportant for electoral success while the availability of campaign funds is considered as …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… The political culture7.1.2 97The political system7.1.3 102The electoral system7.1.4 105The party …” „… majority electoral systems. Since then, I have been passionateabout electoral politics. Politics and …” „… system7.1.5 108Access to television and advertising7.1.6 114Turnout culture7.1.7 118The legal and …”

The power of incumbency campaigns S. 57-60

„… campaigns, it isalso true that in electoral politics everything is relative (to a party’s or …” „… can also control the re-districting process (USA), the electoralcalendar (GB) and/or the electoral …” „… system. These are all important additional incumbency advantages.Lefkowitz (1999) offers an analysis of …”

OVERVIEW OF THE EXISTING WORKS ABOUT ELECTION CAMPAIGNS S. 27-32

„… literature about politicalparties and electoral systems. In view of the political and financial impact of …” „… ; Valdez Zepeda 2001). Finally, Asian electoral campaigns are also the subject of an emerging literature …” „… towards the U.S. system and unsuitablefor challenger campaigns in other countries; second, these texts …”

Reservations of political science towards the study of campaigns S. 33-37

„… system.Following this tradition, Bartolini (2000) showed in a long-term analysis from1860-1980, that the electoral …” „… party systems. According to him,the configuration of a party system in the 1960s still reflected the …” „… transformation of theindividual countries.Another important paradigm in classic electoral research is the …”

The state and the consolidation of democracy S. 91-97

„… factors,such as the electoral system, the party system and the legal regulations shape election campaigns …” „… this is also related tothe party and electoral system, factors which we will discuss in more detail …” „… countryand of its political system that shape election campaigns. Indeed, election campaigns are not isolated …”

Definition, evolution and advantage of the political marketing approach S. 39-44

„… political system.42Comparative marketing then focuses on the systematic study of similarities anddifferences …” „… political3.239marketing approach positioned? The perspective of the system focuses its analysison structure …” „… system. The logical consequence of our assumption that campaigns (decisions, strategies) matter at …”

Turnout culture S. 118-119

„… wementioned above, the electoral system plays an important role in this respect. Inaddition to the electoral …” „… system, however, the turnout culture is also important.Plasser (2002: 85) distinguishes between countries …” „… , have considerable power (Samuels 2001a: 581). The Brazilian electoral law, for example, includes a …”

Promotion of the political offer: Strategy and management dimension S. 54-56

„… supporters turn out and vote. GOTV isespecially important in elections where, due to the electoral system or …” „… campaign funds isamong the most important factors for electoral success (Plasser 2002). The influence of …” „… which a campaign takes place differ. We willdescribe these differences in the political system in more …”

Access to television and advertising S. 114-118

„… wementioned above, the electoral system plays an important role in this respect. Inaddition to the electoral …” „… presidentialism, a fragmented multiparty system, undisciplined parties, and robust federalismis often difficult …” „… . Presidents can succeed in this institutional context and severalhave, but the system makes it difficult for …”

Hypothesis 3: Timing and intensity strategies S. 67-70

„… strict two-party system), which can beunified at a varying degree. Third, campaign intensity relates to …” „… presidential campaign of Jacques Chirac offers agood example for this point (Maarek 1997). A new electoral law …”

The cases for the American campaign style: The U.S. elections of 1992 and 2004 S. 76-81

„… , Clinton won 43 % of the vote (compared to Bushwith 37 %). In terms of the Electoral College, the result …” „… beenmuch closer in terms of the Electoral College had Perot not been present. However,it would not have …” „… wasclearer than expected: Bush won with 50.7 % and 286 electoral votes versus48.3 % and 251 electoral votes …”

Summary of the results and additional example S. 233-239

„… approach since, in the end,they came close to winning the electoral college. Had 100,000 voters in …” „… who fail to understand the dynamics of electoral politics),238he engaged in an open argument with the …” „… systematic know-howabout how campaigns are conducted, it has a practical relevance. Future campaignscould …”

Summary: A global typology of campaign styles S. 122-124

„… no prior political engagement have wonimpressive electoral victories. However, in some countries …” „… party is still important.Many European countries are also multiple party and proportional systems …”

Future research S. 246-248

„… other side, didn’tunderstand electoral politics and didn’t bother to find out.” A good example forthis …” „… change to the status quo. Future research should start with those examples12.4246and produce systematic …” „… , discussedand challenged in a systematic way. One of the limitations of the present study isthat while it …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845226286

Alexander Nützenadel, Christoph Strupp - Taxation, State and Civil Society in Germany and the United States from the 18th to the 20th Century

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Alexander Nützenadel (ed.), Christoph Strupp (ed.)

Taxation, State and Civil Society in Germany and the United States from the 18th to the 20th Century

2008

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Alexander Nützenadel Taxation, Electoral System, and Citizenship in Nineteenth-Century Germany S. 113-125

„… 113 Taxation, Electoral System, and Citizenship in Nineteenth- Century Germany Alexander …” „… the evolution of the Prussian three-class electoral system, which represented an ambivalent mixture of …” „… progressive constitutions, the electoral system remained highly restrictive. The right to vote was usually …”

Martin Daunton Taxation, State, and Society in Comparative Perspective, 1750-1950 S. 205-228

„… that became more apparent from the 1960s. The first-past-the-post electoral system could result in …” „… laws of 1875. The electoral system for senators meant that rural and conservative interests were …” „… system linked with an effective market in loans, escaping from tax revolts and loan defaults, securing …”

W. Elliot Brownlee Taxation in the U.S. during World War I: Alternatives and Legacies S. 83-96

„… role within the income tax system of the United States.3 It was the administration of President …” „… ; »Economists and the Formation of the Modern Tax System in the United States,« in Mary O. Furner and Barry E …” „… . First, the marginal rates refer to the tax rates on the last dollar earned; in a progressive system …”

Thomas Adam Taxation and Political Representation: New York and Leipzig in Comparison S. 153-167

„… constitutional monarchy, it possessed a multi-party system, with the numerous political parties frequently …” „… elections.16 A new electoral law in 1804 dropped most of these requirements but limited the right to vote …” „… Revidierte Städteordnung of 1873 introduced a voting system that allowed for nearly universal male suffrage …”

Mark Jantzen Creating Proper Citizens: Prussian Taxation Policies Toward Mennonites, 1773-1927 S. 97-113

„… , 78-9. 113 Taxation, Electoral System, and Citizenship in Nineteenth- Century Germany Alexander …” „… exchange for a communal exemption.23 The First Success of the Government’s Two-Class System for Mennonites …” „… became eligible for city council positions under this new system, their wealth quickly assured that they …”

Index S. 229-233

„… , 206-7, 209-13, 217-8, 224-5 Elbe 150, 208 Elbląg / Elbing 112 Electorate / Electoral system 116-7, 119 …” „… Prussia 232 105, 118, 122, 208; electoral system 116-7, 120-3, 223; fiscal system 113; government 103 …” „… , 103, 115, 118, 148-9, 170, 208-10, 213-6, 220, 222-3, 226-7; administrative system 150-1; French …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… Mennonites, 1773-1927 99 Alexander Nützenadel: Taxation, Electoral System, and Citizenship in …” „… , 1877-1913 167 Christoph Strupp: German Interpretations of the American Tax System in the Nineteenth and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845205892

Lejla Starcevic-Srkalovic - The Democratization Process in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Role of the European Union

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Lejla Starcevic-Srkalovic

The Democratization Process in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Role of the European Union

Series: Demokratie, Sicherheit, Frieden

Volume 198 2010

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Electoral system as a tool for proportionality assurance S. 147-161

„… representation is the electoral and party system. Lijphart notes, “If one wants to change the nature of a …” „… particular democracy, the electoral system is likely to be the most suitable and effective instrument for …” „… no single electoral system that is likely to be best for all divided societies. Consociationalism is …”

Proportionality S. 145-147

„… , sensitive, and slow, and that deadlock is frequently the result.175 4.1.4 Electoral system as a tool for …” „… electoral system is likely to be the most suitable and effective instrument for doing so” (Lijphart, 1991:91 …” „… shaping the nature of political competition. Reynolds explained that an electoral system is designed to do …”

Addressing ethnicity and ethnic conflict in the institutional solutions during the democratization process S. 68-73

„… on the constitution, electoral system, and the set-up of the state structure, either centralized or …” „… preferential electoral system. Through this electoral system, the election of candidates depends more on …” „… important at this time to emphasize that the electoral system becomes “the major link between social …”

Political institutions and institutional design – which standards are required? S. 61-68

„… discovery of the semi-presidential system; ? The search for a new electoral law that provides efficient …” „… institutions determined by the constitution and to the electoral and party system in BiH. 3.2 Addressing …” „… on the choices between proportional or plural electoral systems, parliamentary or presidential …”

Basic assumptions about the democratization process and democracy consolidation S. 21-34

„… institutions, such as the electoral and party system, government, and separation of power, affects the …” „… political system has been used as a standard tool in conflict management; the same democratic models persist …” „… concerns democracy as a procedural system focusing on the institutionalization of politics through free and …”

Interim Conclusion S. 57-60

„… , electoral processes, the development of multiparty systems, and popular participation in the political …” „… , democracy is still far from being consolidated. “There is a democratic system in the sense that there are …” „… Governance: Considers the democratic character and stability of the governmental system; the independence …”

Political institutions and the democratization process S. 40-45

„… constitutional design and in the electoral system, and may have far-reaching implications for the quality of the …” „… system.Constitutions provide the states with the opportunity to express popular aspirations for free, democratic, and …” „… regarding the structure of the political system as well as its facilitating or obstructing role within the …”

The substance of the EU democracy promotion and its reliability in case of BiH S. 212-229

„… inter-ethnic relations and trust, nor to areas such as political parties, the electoral system, and civil …” „… ff.). According to Lijphart, the electoral system is the most suitable and effective instrument to …” „… institutions at the state level; international influence is actually accepted as a part of the BiH system of …”

Bibliography S. 243-272

„… Research Institute, 10.05.2000. Reilly, B. and Reynolds, R. Electoral Systems and Conflict in Divided …” „… Negotiators. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, IDEA, 1998. Hayden …” „… Constitutional and Electoral Dimensions. New York: Palgrave, 2004. Keman, Hans. Approaches to the Analysis of …”

Paradoxes of the Dayton institutional arrangement: legitimacy, weak state, and questionability of political and social inclusion S. 121-127

„… form of government, type of electoral system, and the organization of public administration, among …” „… “schizophrenic” political system where the authorities take the rule of law as an abstraction as the subject of …” „… constitutional structure of the state and its electoral design. These institutions had the objective of ensuring …”

Ethnic groups and democratic political institutions – basic principles of consociational democracy as a comprehensive model S. 73-82

„… of the party system, electoral system, and government coalitions, whereas the second dimension …” „… development in divided societies (Lijphart 2004:99ff.): 1. The legislative electoral system: for divided …” „… political stability of a system can apparently not be predicted solely on the basis of the two variables of …”

Comparative analysis of favoring and obstructing factors influencing performance of political institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina S. 164-177

„… the state structure and electoral system. In BiH, the power is shared between three main ethnic …” „… conditions for Consociationalism in general. “The consociational democracy entails a system of proportional …” „… on the system Ibid Small country size Small population size 5 Moderate nationalism - Overarching …”

International dimension of the democratization process S. 45-48

„… electoral system, and may have far-reaching implications for the quality of the democracy. 2.3.3 …” „… political system has an influence on democracy consolidation. The difference between democratic political …” „… systems can be the degree to which they encourage consensus versus competition, shared power versus …”

Segmental group autonomy S. 161-164

„… 161toral system. Rather, the electoral system is only a part of the institutional design. 4.1.5 …” „… concentrated, Lijphart recommends a form of ethnic federalism, a system in which federal units are largely …” „… to local political life, and problems related to education, pension, and health systems. See in …”

Methodology and the structure of the research S. 15-20

„… constitution, electoral system, and the building of the state structure, either centralized or federal …” „… actually dovetails with the discussion regarding the type of political system that can influence democracy …” „… the political system is maintained. The focus of analysis in Lijphart’s works is mainly on the …”

Interim Conclusion S. 177-179

„… the constitution, namely the set-up of the state structure and electoral system. In BiH, the power is …” „… unresolved. Certain improvements in the electoral system in BiH diminished the competitive advantages of the …” „… wartime nationalist parties, but any further provision in the electoral system also depends on the …”

Bosnia and Herzegovina within multi-ethnic Communist Yugoslavia and development of “constitutional nationalism” S. 90-100

„… political bodies which were elected; Yugoslavia was always working on reforming of its electoral system. For …” „… electoral system, a unicameral parliament, and a weak and fragmented civil society. The constitution of the …” „… over the years it evolved into a loose federal system whereby the federal units were arranged …”

Office of High Representative (OHR) S. 116-121

„… system in BiH was often called a protectorate democ …” „… political system is a complex system of external democracy promotion whose non-democratic elements, often …” „… “Frankenstein’s Monster,”133 in that it provides a “schizophrenic” political system where the authorities take the …”

Domestic factors: structural-functionalist perspectives and actors S. 34-40

„… Walle 1997:26). When powerful democrats draft the rules, it does not matter what electoral system is …” „… , it also entails loyalty to the specific rules and constraints of the country’s constitutional system …” „… adopted or even whether a parliamentary or presidential system is established. What matters most is that …”

Conclusion S. 231-239

„… electoral system, and the building of the state structure, whether centralized or federal. Since Lijphart …” „… 231VI Conclusion Democracy, as a system of government, facilitates meaningful and extensive …” „… , credibility, and legitimacy of the entire system. For my analysis, I focused on the constitutional dimension …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Electoral system as a tool for proportionality assurance 147 4.1.5 Segmental group autonomy 161 4.2 …”

Credibility of the membership perspective and its impact on the conditionality effectiveness in the case of BiH S. 199-204

„… Agency and adoption of Civil Service Law and Electoral Law, and improvements in the protections of human …” „… will be undermined. In the case of BiH, that would mean that systematic reforms would be slowed down …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845223216

Community Law Centre, University of the Western Cape - Constitution-Building in Africa

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Community Law Centre, University of the Western Cape

Constitution-Building in Africa

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 26 2015

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Amar Roopanand Mahadew The Best Loser System in Mauritius: An Essential Electoral Tool for Representing Political Minorities S. 135-160

„… The Best Loser System in Mauritius: An Essential Electoral Tool for Representing Political …” „… part of the electoral arrangements of Mauritius since independence. It is a system which is regarded as …” „… for its incorporation in the electoral system. What follows is a summary and discussion of major 1 …”

Assefa Fiseha Legislative–Executive Relations in the Ethiopian Parliamentary System: Towards Institutional and Legal Reform S. 239-270

„… dustbin. Ethiopia’s electoral system, in other words, discards the preferences of innumerable voters …” „… By implication, Ethiopia has to consider shifting from an FPTP to proportional (PR) electoral system …” „… in part to its FPTP system. Revisiting the relevant electoral laws is crucial to ensuring better …”

Wurayayi Zembe, Octavious Chido Masunda The Global Political Agreement (GPA) Constitution in Zimbabwe: A New People-Driven Constitution or a Misnomer? Wurayayi Zembe and Octavious Chido Masunda S. 19-47

„… ‘Constitutionalism, the electoral system and challenges for governance and stability’ (2004) 4 Africa Journal on …” „… , the electoral system and challenges for governance and stability (2004) 4 Africa Journal on Conflict …” „… . Matlosa K ‘Electoral systems, constitutionalism and conflict management in Southern Africa’ (2004) 4 …”

Linda Musumba Pre-Testing Proposed Constitutions through Intelligent Scenario-Building as a Means of Promoting Their Viability: A Case Study of Kenya S. 75-103

„… ‘the electoral system shall comply with the following principles: (b) not more than two-thirds of the …” „… marginalised persons in electoral politics. In this regard, article 100 states, ‘Parliament shall enact …” „… constitutional articles regarding the electoral process insofar as satisfying the requirements of the mandatory …”

Jaap de Visser, Nico Steytler, Derek Powell, Ebenezer Durojaye Constitution-building in Africa: introductory remarks S. 9-18

„… debate Ethiopia’s electoral system and consider moving from the first-past-the-post system to …” „… international community appear divided on its merits. Mahadew’s message is to look beyond the system’s obvious …” „… been included in the Constitution of Mauritius. This system operates in addition to Mauritius’s …”

Enoch MacDonnell Chilemba They Keep Saying, ‘My President, My Emperor, and My All’: Seeking an Antidote to the Perpetual Threat to Constitutionalism in Malawi S. 200-238

„… Observation and Democratisation in Africa (2000) 11. 14 See Southall R ‘Electoral systems and democratisation …” „… (2002) London: Butterworths. Southall R ‘Electoral systems and democratisation in Africa’ in Daniel J …” „… of a political system in which limited government is guaranteed by a constitution.7 As such …”

Sauda Nabukenya Why Do Constitutions in Africa Not Stand the Test of Time? Lessons and Perspectives from Uganda S. 293-334

„… has also undermined the Constitution’s stability is its winner-take-all electoral system and the ills …” „… in Uganda. Although the choice of electoral system is foundational to a de- 54 Elkins Z, Ginsburg T …” „… Constitution opted for the most extreme form of the plurality electoral system, the first-past-the-post one …”

Melizsa Mugyenyi The Judiciary: Emerging Vanguard of Kenya’s New Constitution S. 161-181

„… presidential election. Claims of electoral malpractice emerged as results were announced putting the incumbent …” „… system of government; and established checks and balances to executive authority. Informed by a history …” „… from somewhere in the system’.55 Given Kenya’s history of constitutional dismantling at the hands of …”

Laurent Sermet Reflections on Transitional Constitutional Law in the Light of the Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Courts of the Comoros and Madagascar S. 182-199

„… system; in 6 For information in English on transitional constitutional law, see the online resources of …” „… is that which can be accommodated within the legal system whereas the latter is that which overruns …” „… law sui generis as a component of the legal system, a law of exception or an inadequately written law …”

Solomon Ayele Dersso More than Enacting a Just Constitution: Lessons from Kenya on the Challenges of Establishing a Rule-Based Democratic Politics S. 271-292

„… ; an executive that is now limited both in scope and through a robust system of checks and balances …” „… to the legal and political system. It provided for an independent judiciary and a number of …” „… independent commissions; an executive that is now limited both in scope and through a robust system of checks …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Best Loser System in Mauritius: An Essential Electoral Tool for Representing Political Minorities 135 …” „… photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing …” „… MacDonnell Chilemba Legislative–Executive Relations in the Ethiopian Parliamentary System: Towards …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845254609

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