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Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Commercial Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 49 Conversion and interest S. 1117

„… Conversion and interest Where the calculation of compensation requires the conversion of sums expressed in …” „… foreign currency, conversion shall be at the exchange rate applicable on the day and at the place of …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 37 Conversion and interest S. 1167

„… Conversion and interest Where the calculation of the compensation requires the conversion of sums expressed …” „… in foreign currency, conversion shall be at the exchange rate applicable on the day and at the place …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 23 Conversion of Monetary Units S. 1221

„… . Article 23 Conversion of Monetary Units 1. The sums mentioned in terms of Special Drawing Right in this …” „… Fund. Conversion of the sums into national currencies shall, in case of judicial proceedings, be made …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 24 Review of Limits S. 1222

„… concerned in round figures. The conversion of these sums into national currency shall be made according to …” „… this Article and the conversion method mentioned in paragraph 2 of this Article shall be made in such …” „… calculation pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Article, or the result of the conversion in paragraph 2 of this …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 48 Loss of right to invoke the limits of liability S. 1117

„… Conversion and interest Where the calculation of compensation requires the conversion of sums expressed in …” „… foreign currency, conversion shall be at the exchange rate applicable on the day and at the place of …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 35 Compensation in case of interest in delivery S. 1167

„… Conversion and interest Where the calculation of the compensation requires the conversion of sums expressed …” „… in foreign currency, conversion shall be at the exchange rate applicable on the day and at the place …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 36 Loss of right to invoke the limits of liability S. 1167

„… Conversion and interest Where the calculation of the compensation requires the conversion of sums expressed …” „… in foreign currency, conversion shall be at the exchange rate applicable on the day and at the place …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 23 S. 951-954

„… to the 10/31 gram of gold of millesimal fineness nine hundred. The conversion shall be made according …” „… of this article and the conversion mentioned in paragraph 8 of this article shall be made in such a …” „… calculation pursuant to paragraph 7 of this article or the result of the conversion in paragraph 8 of this …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.2 (Foreign currency set-off) S. 706-708

„… conversion chosen by the first party.”21 C. Restrictions Art. 8.2 restricts the freedom of set-off …” „… )) and thereby restricts the conversion of the obligation of the first party in order to protect the …” „… described above at no. 3 at B.1),25 it does not prohibit conversion of the other party’s obligation into the …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 27 S. 958-959

„… compensation is based are not expressed in the currency of the country in which payment is claimed, conversion …” „… . Overview Art. 27 CMR sets out basic rules for the calculation of interest and the conversion into the …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 50 Liability in case of nuclear incidents S. 1118

„… actual submission of such documents. Article 49 of the CIV UR sets standard conditions for conversion of …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 51 Persons for whom the carrier is liable S. 1118

„… actual submission of such documents. Article 49 of the CIV UR sets standard conditions for conversion of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

Stefan Kröll Article 16 Discrepant Documents, Waiver and Notice S. 1457-1463

„… conditional undertaking of the bank becomes unconditional. The conversion only depends on whether the …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… CMR 29 5 Conversion – judgement currency CMR 23 17 – SDR CMR 23 17 Cooperation between the parties …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… by air or rail. Conversion rate per 26 January, 2018: 1 SDR = EUR 1.170480; USD 1.455610. 140 Cf. von …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

Niteleka Jacob Nichaenzi Jaconiah - The Effects of Trademark Rights on the East African Common Market

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Niteleka Jacob Nichaenzi Jaconiah

The Effects of Trademark Rights on the East African Common Market

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 16 2012

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Trade mark conversion S. 182-185

„… trademark conversion enables the proprietor to transform his CTM registration into national registrations …” „… . III. Trade mark conversion A CTM proprietor has a right to convert his CTM registration or …” „… . The right and the procedure leading to conversion are regulated under Articles 112 to 114 and 159 to …”

Seniority S. 176-182

„… where the CTM is challenged as above, the principle of trademark conversion enables the proprietor to …” „… transform his CTM registration into national registrations. III. Trade mark conversion A CTM proprietor …” „… conversion are regulated under Articles 112 to 114 and 159 to 161 of the CTMR as well as Rules 44 to 47 and …”

Modifications to the principle of co-existence S. 249-256

„… conversion is still observed under CTMR: Trade mark conversion makes sense only if the national trade mark …” „… Partner States, the principle of trade mark conversion should not form part of the EAC trade mark …” „… principle of trade mark conversion. 929 Cf. Article 30 of the Benelux Law. 930 According to Article 29 …”

Table of contents S. 7-14

„… ) Demerits 181 III. Trade mark conversion 182 1. Grounds for conversion 182 a) Withdrawal of a …” „… conversion 184 a) Non-use of a Community trade mark 184 b) Grounds for refusal available in one Member …”

Introduction S. 173-174

„… , trademark conversion, and co-existence of CTM and national trademark rights. A space is also allocated in …” „… trademark conversion. I. Co-existence of trade marks The question of co-existence of trademarks in the EU …”

Interaction between trade mark coexistence and unitary principles S. 242-243

„… protection of his trade mark based on the principle of trade mark conversion. 904 It is noteworthy that …” „… conversion, be allowed to register PUNCHO trade mark as a national trade mark in all EAC Partner States …”

CTM registration or application as a basis for international registration S. 170-172

„… conversion of an international registration designating the Community retains a priority date of the …” „… conversion is addressed. 650 See Rules 122 and 123 of the CTMIR. 651 Cf. Articles 3(4) and 3ter(2) of …”

Co-existence of trade marks S. 174-176

„… , trademark conversion, and co-existence of CTM and national trademark rights. A space is also allocated in …” „… trademark conversion. I. Co-existence of trade marks The question of co-existence of trademarks in the EU …”

EC as a designated territory S. 167-170

„… application designating a member state pursuant to a conversion of an international registration designating …” „… cancellation of CTM. 649 See Chapter five infra, where the doctrine of CTM conversion is addressed. 650 …”

Concluding remarks S. 206

„… right and the right of a trade mark conversion will continue to be of paramount importance as long as …”

The principle of Coexistence of trade mark rights S. 241-242

„… protection of his trade mark based on the principle of trade mark conversion.904 It is noteworthy that the …”

Recognition and enforcement of Judgments S. 204-206

„… certain that seniority right and the right of a trade mark conversion will continue to be of paramount …”

Modifications to the principle of unitary character S. 243-249

„… trade mark will, pursuant to the principle of trade mark conversion, be allowed to register PUNCHO …”

Bibliography S. 265-276

„… , London 2006). McGOVERN, P., “Conversion”, in: POULTER, A., BROWNLOW, P. & GYNGELL, J. (eds.), “The …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845242156

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Guido Westkamp

Privacy & Publicity

Series: Schriften zum geistigen Eigentum und zum Wettbewerbsrecht

Volume 36 2011

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Trespass to Goods und Conversion S. 40

„… .106 Trespass to Goods und ConversionDie Klage aus Trespass to Goods schützt gegen die unbefugte …” „… conversion handelt es sich hingegen um eine Klage auf Herausgabe gegen denjenigen, der fremdes(körperliches …”

Malicious Falsehood S. 40-41

„… .106 Trespass to Goods und ConversionDie Klage aus Trespass to Goods schützt gegen die unbefugte …” „… conversion handelt es sich hingegen um eine Klage auf Herausgabe gegen denjenigen, der fremdes(körperliches …”

Ehrenschutz im Defamation Law S. 35-40

„… Trespass to Goods und ConversionDie Klage aus Trespass to Goods schützt gegen die unbefugte Nutzung …” „… bemüht, scheitert aber amErfordernis einer körperlichen Einwirkung.107 Bei der Klage aus conversion …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… ConversionIII. 40Malicious FalsehoodIV. 40Privacy und Common Law§ 3 42Persönlichkeitsschutz, Property Rights und …”

Restitution und Persönlichkeitsschutz S. 261-266

„… entsprechenden Anspruch auf Herausgabe desErlangten (conversion). Sie ermöglichen es dem Berechtigten, seine …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845228396

Peter Kindler, Jan Lieder - European Corporate Law

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Peter Kindler (ed.), Jan Lieder (ed.)

European Corporate Law

2021

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Karsten Kühnle Article 86 m Pre-conversion certificate S. 467-478

„… will no longer be bound by the existing employee participation system in case of any conversion, merger …” „… Pre-conversion certificate 1. Member States shall designate the court, notary or other authority or authorities …” „… competent to scrutinise the legality of cross-border conversions as regards those parts of the procedure …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 54 Safeguards in the event of conversion S. 269-271

„… . 64). Article 54 Safeguards in the event of conversion Pending coordination of national laws at a …” „… safeguards as are laid down in Articles 3 to 6 and Articles 45 to 53 in the event of the conversion of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Conversion of Another Type of Company …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 d Draft terms of cross-border conversions S. 404-413

„… with the cross‐border conversion in order to obtain the pre-conversion certificate, and the law of the …” „… following receipt of the pre-conversion certificate. Article 86 c expresses what the ECJ emphasized in its …” „… VALE decision, namely, that the implementation of a cross-border conversion presupposes the consecutive …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 r Consequences of a cross-border conversion S. 485-487

„… Article 86 q Date on which the cross-border conversion takes effect The law of the destination …” „… Member State shall determine the date on which the cross‐ border conversion takes effect. That date shall …” „… focusses on achieving clarity in terms of the effective date of the crossborder conversion. Such date shall …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 n Transmission of the pre-conversion certificate S. 478-479

„… template of the pre-conversion certificate which is applicable to all Member States would …” „… , therefore, be highly appreciated.30 Importantly, the pre-conversion certificate shall be accepted by the …” „… the applicable pre-conversion procedures and formalities in the departure Member State, without which …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 q Date on which the cross-border conversion takes effect S. 485

„… Article 86 q Date on which the cross-border conversion takes effect The law of the destination …” „… Member State shall determine the date on which the cross‐ border conversion takes effect. That date shall …” „… focusses on achieving clarity in terms of the effective date of the crossborder conversion. Such date shall …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 o Scrutiny of the legality of the cross-border conversion by the destination Member State S. 479-483

„… the cross-border conversion by the destination Member State 1. Member States shall designate the court …” „… , notary or other authority competent to scrutinise the legality of the cross-border conversion as regards …” „… the cross-border conversion. That authority shall in particular ensure that the converted company …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 j Protection of creditors S. 445-455

„… cross-border conversion and have not fallen due at the time of such disclosure. Member States shall ensure that …” „… creditors who are dissatisfied with the safeguards offered in the draft terms of the cross-border conversion …” „… draft terms of the cross-border conversion referred to in Article 86 g, to the appropriate …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 e Report of the administrative or management body for members and employees S. 413-422

„… location of subsidiaries and branches, will be subject to change in the context of the conversion …” „… required in scenarios where the crossborder conversion results in an physical relocation of the company’s …” „… aspects of the cross-border conversion, as well as explaining the implications of the cross‐border …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 i Protection of members S. 434-445

„… conversion including the instrument of constitution and the statutes of the converted company, will typically …” „… business and finance to draw up the draft terms of a cross-border conversion and all other related …” „… Challenge Approval of the Draft Terms of the Cross-Border Conversion The 2019 Directive creates legal …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 p Registration S. 483-485

„… not be able to approve the cross-border operation without issuance of the pre-conversion certificate …” „… pre-merger certificate should henceforth no longer occur.9 Acceptance of the pre-conversion certificate …” „… Article 86 o (5) stipulates that the pre-conversion certificate shall be accepted by the competent …”

Karsten Kühnle Foreword to Arts 86a-86 t S. 390-398

„… order to comply with Council Directive 77/91/EEC(11). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS OF …” „… LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES CHAPTER -I CROSS-BORDER CONVERSIONS Foreword to Arts 86a-86 t I. Twenty Years …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 III. The ECJ’s Judgements on Cross-Border Mergers and Conversions: SEVIC, Cartesio and VALE …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 h Approval by the general meeting S. 429-434

„… means of a resolution, whether to approve the draft terms of the cross‐ border conversion and whether to …” „… conversion conditional on express ratification by it of the arrangements referred to in Article 86 l. 3 …” „… . Member States shall ensure that the approval of the draft terms of the cross-border conversion, and of …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 b Definitions S. 403-404

„… company of a type listed in Annex II that carries out a cross-border conversion; (2) ‘cross-border …” „… conversion’ means an operation whereby a company, without being dissolved or wound up or going into …” „… State’ means a Member State in which a company is registered prior to a cross-border conversion; (4 …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 a Scope S. 398-403

„… Article 86 a Scope 1. This Chapter shall apply to conversions of limited liability companies formed …” „… law of another Member State. 2. This Chapter shall not apply to cross-border conversions involving a …” „… defined in point (101) of Article 2 (1) of Directive 2014/59/EU. I. Cross-border Conversions Involving …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 g Disclosure S. 425-429

„… competent for issuing the pre-conversion certificate. IV. Independence of the Expert With regard to the …” „… referred to in Article 86 h: (a) the draft terms of the cross-border conversion; and (b) a notice informing …” „… 84/253/EEC. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 86 g Karsten Kühnle 425 8 9 themselves …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 l Employee participation S. 457-467

„… the draft terms of the cross-border conversion, an average number of employees equivalent to four …” „… employee participation as operated in the company prior to the cross-border conversion, measured by …” „… II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 86 l Karsten Kühnle 457 in a lower proportion of …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 f Independent expert report S. 422-425

„… States shall ensure that an independent expert examines the draft terms of cross-border conversion and …” „… prior to the announcement of the conversion proposal or the value of the company excluding the effect of …” „… the proposed conversion, as determined in accordance with generally accepted valuation methods. The …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 c Procedures and formalities S. 404

„… with the cross‐border conversion in order to obtain the pre-conversion certificate, and the law of the …” „… following receipt of the pre-conversion certificate. Article 86 c expresses what the ECJ emphasized in its …” „… VALE decision, namely, that the implementation of a cross-border conversion presupposes the consecutive …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 k Employee information and consultation S. 455-457

„… cross-border conversion-related information rights conferred on employees’ and their representatives under …” „… making criteria when taking into account all the pros and cons of the cross-border conversion. From …” „… the cross-border conversion are able to institute proceedings against the company also in the …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 s Independent experts S. 487-489

„… applying for the pre-conversion certificate; and (b) the expert’s opinion is impartial and objective, and …” „… draft terms of the crossborder conversion is adequate (Article 86 f (2)). The independent expert’s …” „… conversion. Article 86 s reflects the importance of the independent expert’s report from a liability …”

Karsten Kühnle Article 86 t Validity S. 489-490

„… cross-border conversion constitutes an abuse by means of an artificial arrangement. Such concept, however, was …” „… not adopted by the 2019 Directive. Article 86 t Validity A cross-border conversion which has taken …” „… impose measures and penalties, under national law, after the date on which the cross-border conversion …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 a Scope S. 731-744

„… 2014/59/EU. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 a Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 731 5 …” „… cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions (the “2019 Directive”)1 for the first time introduces …” „… cross-border divisions and conversions and provides additional rules on cross-border mergers of limited …”

Tobias de Raet Article 118 General provisions S. 576-594

„… the French split-merger (fusion-scission)3 and the conversion via merger (verschmelzungsrechtliche …” „… Markets (2nd edn, 2012), § 29.1, p. 698. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 118 Tobias de …” „… , 2017), § 22.1, p. 730. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 118 Tobias de Raet 579 10 11 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 120 Further provisions concerning scope S. 598-603

„… cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions, COM(2018) 241 final, 25.4.2018, p. 25 et seq.; Bormann and …” „… verschiedenen Mitgliedstaaten’ (2006) NZG, 161 (162). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 120 …” „… (EU) 2017/1132 as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions (COM(2018)0241 – C …”

Peter Kindler Article 1 Subject matter S. 65-68

„… conversions, cross-border mergers and cross-border divisions of limited liability companies, — the division of …” „… . Cross-border conversions, cross-border mergers and cross-border divisions of limited liability companies …” „… cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions and by Art 1 Directive (EU) 2019/1151 of the European …”

Tobias de Raet Article 87 General provisions S. 494-501

„… the cross-border conversion does not restrict the Member States’ powers, inter alia, in relation to …” „… conversion has taken effect. CHAPTER I MERGERS OF PUBLIC LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES Section 1 General …” „… Council on cross-border mergers with share capital, Doc. 7068/04, 11.03.2004 TITLE II CONVERSIONS …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . Besides, the directive covers structural changes, such as cross-border conversions, internal and …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 53 268 Safeguards in the event of conversion …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 86 390 TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS OF LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES CHAPTER -I …”

Index S. 1029-1055

„… . – merger report of cross-border mergers 124 45 ff. Consequences of the cross-border conversion – altering …” „… Intro 111 – groups of companies Intro 109 Controlling shareholder III 10 14 Conversion 54 2 ff …” „… Cross-border conversion Intro 2, 97, 100, 178, 1 11 f., 30a 9 – and division Intro 54, 74, 161 – Annex II …”

Tobias de Raet Article 124 Report of the administrative or management body for members and employees S. 625-634

„… in accordance with Article 126(3), the report shall be 8. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …” „… (EU) 2017/1132 as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions, COM(2018) 241 final …” „… ) 2017/1132 as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions, COM(2018) 241 final, 2018/0114(COD …”

Tobias de Raet Article 133 Employee participation S. 680-686

„… rules referred to in paragraph TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 133 Tobias de Raet 681 …” „… rights are protected in the event of any subsequent conversion, merger or division, be it cross-border or …” „… of the Directive 2005/56/EC. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 133 Tobias de Raet …”

Tobias de Raet Article 122 Common draft terms of cross-border mergers S. 605-618

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 122 Tobias de Raet 605 6 7 8 9 (a) for each of the merging companies …” „… Stiegler (eds), Gesellschaftsrecht in Europa (2019), § 24.37, p. 1728. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …” „… ), § 22.37, p. 746. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 122 Tobias de Raet 609 9 10 11 12 …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 53 Shareholders' obligation to pay up contributions S. 268-269

„… ). Article 54 Safeguards in the event of conversion Pending coordination of national laws at a subsequent …” „… safeguards as are laid down in Articles 3 to 6 and Articles 45 to 53 in the event of the conversion of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Conversion of Another Type of Company …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 h Approval by the general meeting S. 769-773

„… , Verschmelzungen und Spaltungen’ Der Betrieb (29) 2019, 1612. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art …” „… Border Conversions: Garcimartin and Gandía, Cross Border Conversions in the EU – The EU Commission …” „… Proposal, 2019. 3 → Art 86 h mn. 4-5. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 h Klaus Bader …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 e Report of the administrative or management body for members and employees S. 757-763

„… those relationships; 26 → Introduction mn. 196-199; → Art 124 mn. 46-47. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS …” „… . TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 e Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 759 3 4 5 6 7 8 …” „… Parliament and of the Council amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards Cross-border conversions, mergers …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 d Draft terms of cross-border divisions S. 748-757

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 d Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 749 I …” „… . 3. 4. 8 → Art 122 mn. 12. 9 → Art 122 mn. 13. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 …” „… (e.g. allotment of shares, entitlement to profits, conversion ratio of company shares as well as …”

Peter Kindler Introduction S. 1-65

„… Governance’, 10 (2013) ECFR 304; Garcimartín and Gandía, ‘Cross Border Conversions in the EU: The EU …” „… . Schmidt, ‘Cross-border Mergers, Divisions and Conversions: Accomplishments and Deficits of the Company Law …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 a) Branches and cross-border conversions …”

Tobias de Raet Article 126 a Protection of members S. 648-653

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 126 a Tobias de Raet 649 7. Alternative …” „… amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions, COM(2018) 241 …” „… . Schmidt, Cross-border Mergers, ‘Divisions and Conversions: Accomplishments and Deficits of the Company Law …”

Tobias de Raet Article 89 Definition of a ‘merger by acquisition’ S. 505-509

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 89 Tobias de Raet 505 10 11 12 13 company and a cash payment, if any …” „… impracticable share conversion ratios.3 Such a cash top-up of up to 10 % is calculated based on the nominal …” „… cash top-up option of up to 10 % can be extremely helpful for defining a manageable conversion ratio,5 …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 86 Transitional provisions S. 390

„… order to comply with Council Directive 77/91/EEC(11). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS OF …” „… LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES CHAPTER -I CROSS-BORDER CONVERSIONS Foreword to Arts 86a-86 t I. Twenty Years …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 III. The ECJ’s Judgements on Cross-Border Mergers and Conversions: SEVIC, Cartesio and VALE …”

Tobias de Raet Article 121 Conditions relating to cross-border mergers S. 603-605

„… en vertu de la législation nationale des États membres concernés”. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS …” „… cross-border conversions in: Case C-378/10, 12.7.2012, VALE Építési kft, ECLI:EU:C:2012:440, para. 44: “The …” „… implementation of a cross-border conversion requires [...] the consecutive application of two national laws to …”

Peter Kindler Article 34 Information on the opening and termination of winding-up or insolvency proceedings and on striking-off of the company from the register S. 179-182

„… the conversion of a company from one legal form to another within the law of one and the same Member …” „… State, e.g. the conversion of a Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (German private limited liability …” „… national law applies (see also Art 54 of the Directive). Just like in cross-border conversions (Art 86 b …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 m Pre-division certificate S. 790-796

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 m Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 791 9. Where the competent …” „… Formwechsel nach dem EU- Company Law Package‘ ZIP (355) 2019, 358. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …” „… competent authority shall not issue the pre-conversion certificate and inform the company of the reasons for …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 j Protection of creditors S. 778-784

„… division is even more critical than in a conversion1 or merger scenario. Potential issues may be in …” „… particular: 1 See the examples given at → Art 86 j mn. 3-4. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS …” „… Annahme der Mobilitätsrichtlinie durch das Europäische Parlament’ BB 2019, 1867. TITLE II CONVERSIONS …”

Tobias de Raet Article 119 Definitions S. 594-598

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 119 Tobias de Raet 595 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pursuant to Article 9(1)(c)(ii) and …” „… amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions, COM(2018) 241 …” „… final, 25.4.2018, p. 25 et seq. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 119 Tobias de Raet …”

Tobias de Raet Article 127 Pre-merger certificate S. 658-665

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 127 Tobias de Raet 659 a) Online …” „… Stiegler (eds), Gesellschaftsrecht in Europa (2019), § 24.100, p. 1748. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …” „… opportunity to have recourse to an independent expert. 3. a) b) c) TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 o Scrutiny of the legality of the cross-border division S. 797-799

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 o Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 797 1 2 III. Scope of Scrutiny …” „… and cross-border conversions, it is uncertain to which extent the competent authority of the Member …” „… effect. 5 → Art 160 m mn. 4; → Art 86 m mn. 2. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 p …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 k Employee information and consultation S. 784-786

„… as far as the draft terms of the cross-border conversion are concerned (Article 160g(1)) and not less …” „… Council amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions (COM …” „… , 16.5.2009, 28–44. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 k Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 b Definitions S. 744-746

„… Cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions’, Position Paper No. 31/ 2018, 28 …” „… difference is clearly not an oversight, there are, as for cross-border conversions, good arguments in favour …” „… , 46-127. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 b Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 745 2 3 4 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 131 Consequences of a cross-border merger S. 672-677

„… Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 22.119, p. 782. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 131 Tobias …” „… regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions, COM(2018) 241 final, 25.4.2018, p. 68. Art 131 …” „… deutsche Recht (2004), 239. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 131 Tobias de Raet 675 7 8 9 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 125 Independent expert report S. 634-643

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 125 Tobias de Raet 635 a) Addressees …” „… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 125 Tobias de Raet 637 6 7 8 9 requirements of the content of the …” „… Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 20.58, p. 643. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 85 Equal treatment of all shareholders who are in the same position S. 387-390

„… Directive 77/91/EEC(11). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS OF LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES CHAPTER …” „… -I CROSS-BORDER CONVERSIONS Foreword to Arts 86a-86 t I. Twenty Years after the ECJ’s Centros …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 III. The ECJ’s Judgements on Cross-Border Mergers and Conversions: SEVIC, Cartesio and VALE …”

Tobias de Raet Article 123 Disclosure S. 618-625

„… the SE Regulation1 and Article 24(2) of TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 123 Tobias …” „… tools and processes in company law. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 123 Tobias de …” „… ), § 22.58, p. 756. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 123 Tobias de Raet 623 19 20 21 22 23 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 l Employee participation S. 786-790

„… conversion, merger or division, be it cross-border or domestic, for a period of four years after the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 l Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 787 I …” „… → Art 86 l mn. 15 et seq. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 l Klaus Bader and …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 137 Draft terms of division S. 693-697

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 137 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 693 I …” „… , Europäisches Unternehmens- und Kapitalmarktrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 21, p. 698. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS …” „… not charged a specific fee for such publication. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art …”

Tobias de Raet Article 105 Consequences of a merger S. 553-557

„… . TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 105 Tobias de Raet 553 3 4 may carry out such …” „… Markets (2nd edn, 2012), § 28.39, p. 688. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 105 Tobias de …” „… Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 20.112, p. 662 et seq. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 106 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 99 Protection of the interests of creditors of the merging companies S. 541-545

„… Europäisches Recht der Strukturmaßnahmen”‘ (2004) NZG, 15 (22). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS …” „… ). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 99 Tobias de Raet 543 8 9 10 11 calls for an EU-wide …” „… , 2012), § 28.35, p. 686. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 100 Tobias de Raet 545 16 17 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 88 Rules governing mergers by acquisition and mergers by formation of a new company S. 501-505

„… cooperative societies; mutual insurance companies. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 88 …” „… Applicable to Companies (Final Report) (June 2016), p. 349 et seq. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …” „… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 89 Tobias de Raet 505 10 11 12 13 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 117 Mergers without all of the transferring companies ceasing to exist S. 575-576

„… . TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 117 Tobias de Raet 575 4 5 6 7 8 1 This Article …” „… split-merger (fusion-scission)3 and the conversion via merger (verschmelzungsrechtliche Umwandlung)4 pursuant …”

Tobias de Raet Article 127 a Transmission of the pre-merger certificate S. 665-666

„… , ‘Divisions and Conversions: Accomplishments and Deficits of the Company Law Package’, (2019) ECFR, 222, (222 …” „… et seq.). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 127 a Tobias de Raet 665 29 30 31 1 2 3 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 148 Drawing up and certification of documents in due legal form S. 715-716

„… with conversion or subscription rights in respect of shares, preferential rights to subscribe to the …” „… , Europäisches Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 21, p. 706. TITLE II CONVERSIONS …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 147 Protection of holders of securities, other than shares, to which special rights are attached S. 714-715

„… bonds with conversion or subscription rights in respect of shares, preferential rights to subscribe to …” „… ), § 21, p. 706. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 148 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 715 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 i Protection of members S. 773-778

„… Spaltungen und Formwechsel nach dem EU-Company Law Package’ ZIP (355) 2019, 9. TITLE II CONVERSIONS …” „… neuen Umwandlungsrichtlinie’ ZIP 2019, 2437, 2439. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art …” „… . 9 → Art 86 j mn. 33. 10 → Art 86 j mn. 31-32. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 126 Approval by the general meeting S. 643-648

„… , Europäisches Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 20.140, p. 675. TITLE II CONVERSIONS …” „… ), § 22.91, p. 771. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 126 Tobias de Raet 645 4 5 6 7 8 …” „… grenzüberschreitender Verschmelzungen in der EU (2008), 195, fn. 1016. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS …”

Tobias de Raet Article 91 Draft terms of merger S. 509-514

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 91 Tobias de Raet 509 1 2 3 4 (d) the date from which the holding of …” „… Recht der Strukturmaßnahmen”‘ (2004) NZG, 15 (19). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 91 …” „… - und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 20.37, p. 635. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS …”

Tobias de Raet Article 97 Availability of documents for inspection by shareholders S. 534-540

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 97 Tobias de Raet 535 I. Right of Inspection …” „… (6th edn, 2017), § 20.69, p. 647. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 97 Tobias de …” „… when the conditions laid down in Article 114 are fulfilled. (ii) TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 157 Divisions under the supervision of a judicial authority S. 727-729

„… . TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 157 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 727 7 8 to …” „… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 158 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 729 4 5 6 1 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 143 Availability of documents for inspection by shareholders S. 707-709

„… , Europäisches Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 21, p. 704. TITLE II CONVERSIONS …” „… Article 142(1) shall be required if all the shareholders and the TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 142 Examination of the draft terms of division by experts S. 705-707

„… Europa (Nomos, 2019), § 21, p. 1707. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 142 Klaus Bader …” „… , Europäisches Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 21, p. 704. TITLE II CONVERSIONS …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 141 Detailed written report and information on a division S. 703-705

„… report. In addition to these requirements which largely coincide 1. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …” „… Europa (Nomos, 2019), § 21, p. 1707. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 142 Klaus Bader …”

Tobias de Raet Article 126 c Employee information and consultation S. 656-658

„… Council amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions (COM …” „… . TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 126 c Tobias de Raet 657 1 2 3 4 Article 127 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 102 Drawing up and certification of documents in due legal form S. 549-551

„… Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 20.134, p. 673. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 102 Tobias …” „… and Capital Markets (2nd edn, 2012), § 28.38, p. 687. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS …”

Tobias de Raet Article 96 Examination of the draft terms of merger by experts S. 528-534

„… ), § 20.56, p. 642. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 96 Tobias de Raet 529 1 2 Separate or …” „… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 96 Tobias de Raet 531 8 9 10 11 The experts may not, however, be given …” „… 13.11.2007 amending the 1978 Directive. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 96 Tobias de Raet …”

Tobias de Raet Article 134 Validity S. 686-688

„… Conversions: Accomplishments and Deficits of the Company Law Package’ (2019), ECFR, 222 (246). Art 134 …” „… , p. 428. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 134 Tobias de Raet 687 1 2 3 4 5 Member …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 p Registration S. 799-801

„… cross‐border division has taken effect. 5 → Art 160 m mn. 4; → Art 86 m mn. 2. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS …” „… 2020, 297, 299. 1 → Art 129 mn. 1-3. 2 → Art 129 mn. 3. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 156 Application of rules on divisions by acquisition S. 725-727

„… → Art 159. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 156 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 725 1 2 …” „… Stiegler (eds), Gesellschaftsrecht in Europa (Nomos, 2019), § 55-56, p. 1713. TITLE II CONVERSIONS …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 153 Conditions for nullity of a division S. 721-723

„… edn, 2017), § 21, p. 711. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 153 Klaus Bader and …” „… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 154 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 723 6 7 1 2 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 106 Civil liability of members of the administrative or management bodies of the company being acquired S. 557-559

„… Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 20.112, p. 662 et seq. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 106 …” „… edn, 2017), § 20.115, p. 663. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 107 Tobias de Raet …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 48 Paying up of shares issued for a consideration S. 239-245

„… conversion of debt into legal capital qualifies as a contribution in kind. This applies irrespective of how …” „… such conversion is put into effect.16 However, this opinion is heavily disputed.17 In particular …” „… contribution in kind. Thirdly, although Tesauro rightly notes that in general the conversion of debt into legal …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 136 Definition of a ‘division by acquisition’ S. 690-693

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 136 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 691 1 2 3 4 5 6 threshold, so that …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 137 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 693 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 151 Consequences of a division S. 717-720

„… Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht' ZGR (6th edn, 2017), § 21, p. 707. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …” „… ) § 21, p. 709. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 151 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 719 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 g Disclosure S. 766-769

„… cross-border division, or the TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 g Klaus Bader and Andreas …” „… , Verschmelzungen und Spaltungen’ Der Betrieb (29) 2019, 1612. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 f Independent expert report S. 763-766

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 f Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 763 34 35 36 (c) state whether …” „… ’ Der Betrieb (29) 2019, 1612. 6 → Art 125 mn. 27. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art …”

Tobias de Raet Article 126 b Protection of creditors S. 653-656

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 126 b Tobias de Raet 653 23 I. Background The 2019 Directive …” „… (Teil 1)’ (2018), Der Konzern, 229, 239. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 126 b Tobias …”

Tobias de Raet Article 132 Simplified formalities S. 677-680

„… Package’ (2019) BB, 1922 (1935). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 132 Tobias de Raet 677 …” „… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 132 Tobias de Raet 679 7 8 9 10 11 Unlike Article 113, the parallel …”

Peter Kindler Article 30 a Changes to documents and information of the company S. 171-174

„… conversion within the meaning of Art 86 a et seq of the Directive, leads to a change of the applicable …” „… company law. In fact, pursuant to Art 86 b no. 2 of the Directive, cross-border conversion means ‘an …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 146 Protection of the interests of creditors of companies involved in a division; joint and several liability of the recipient companies S. 711-714

„… . TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 146 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 711 4 referred to …” „… Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 21, p. 716. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 138 Publication of the draft terms of division S. 697-700

„… not charged a specific fee for such publication. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art …” „… Recital 74 Directive 2017/1132. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 138 Klaus Bader and …”

Tobias de Raet Article 128 Scrutiny of the legality of the cross-border merger S. 666-669

„… (eds), Gesellschaftsrecht in Europa (2019), § 24.102, p. 1748 et seq. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS …” „… in Europa (2019), § 24.120, p. 1753. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 129 Tobias de …”

Tobias de Raet Article 101 Protection of holders of securities, other than shares, to which special rights are attached S. 546-549

„… :2016:205, para. 66. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 101 Tobias de Raet 547 1 2 3 4 do …” „… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 102 Tobias de Raet 549 11 12 13 14 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 r Consequences of a cross-border division S. 802-806

„… the transfer to certain 1 → Art 131 mn. 5. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 r …” „… → Art 160 r mn. 6-10. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 r Klaus Bader and Andreas …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 4 Compulsory information to be provided in the statutes or instruments of incorporation or separate documents S. 79-83

„… bearer, where national law provides for both types, and any provisions relating to the conversion of such …” „… shares or registered shares. Moreover, any provisions relating to the conversion of such shares has to be …”

Tobias de Raet Article 93 Approval by the general meeting of each of the merging companies S. 518-522

„… . TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 93 Tobias de Raet 519 1 2 Approval of the general …” „… , Europäisches Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 20.87, p. 653. TITLE II CONVERSIONS …”

Tobias de Raet Article 92 Publication of the draft terms of merger S. 514-518

„… and Capital Markets (2nd edn, 2012), § 28.24, p. 680. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS …” „… Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), p. 637, fn. 108. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …”

Tobias de Raet Article 108 Conditions for nullity of a merger S. 560-564

„… 18, p. 35. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 108 Tobias de Raet 561 1 2 3 4 The …” „… , ‘Änderung des Verschmelzungsrechts’ (1981) DB, 1551 (1556 et seq). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …”

Tobias de Raet Article 95 Detailed written report and information on a merger S. 524-528

„… Company Law (1999), p. 105. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 95 Tobias de Raet 525 3 4 5 …” „… Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 20.52, p. 641. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 68 Decision by the general meeting on the increase of capital S. 330-339

„… conversion of such securities, nor to the exercise of the right to subscribe. I. Overview …” „… does not apply to the conversion of such securities, or to the exercise of the right to subscribe. The …” „… the issue of convertibles and subscription rights, as much as it was obvious that any conversion, i.e …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther Foreword to Arts 7-12 S. 87-92

„… ). Documents can be filed in any language of the Community (Art 21 para. 1). However, the conversion from a …” „… Directive (EU) 2019/2121 amending Directive (EU) 2017/1132 as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 72 Increase in capital by consideration in cash S. 346-358

„… convertible into shares or which carry the right to subscribe for shares, but not to the conversion of such …” „… , Article 72 (6) also makes clear that such rules do not apply to the conversion of such securities or to …” „… purpose of pre-emption would be jeopardised if the new shares or any conversion and subscription rights …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 Transitional provisions S. 731

„… 2014/59/EU. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 a Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 731 …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Foreword to Arts 13-28 Foreword to Arts 13-28 S. 110

„… regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions – which also forms part of the Company Law Package …”

Tobias de Raet Article 133 a Independent experts S. 686

„… Conversions: Accomplishments and Deficits of the Company Law Package’ (2019), ECFR, 222 (246). Art 134 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 90 Definition of a ‘merger by the formation of a new company’ S. 509

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 91 Tobias de Raet 509 1 2 3 4 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 n Transmission of the pre-division certificate S. 796-797

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 o Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 797 1 2 …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther, Michael Lamsa Article 13 Scope S. 110-111

„… regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions – which also forms part of the Company Law Package …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 t Independent experts S. 806-807

„… → Art 134 mn. 2. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 u Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 150 Publication formalities S. 716-717

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 151 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 717 1 2 3 4 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 159 Divisions without the company being divided ceasing to exist S. 730-731

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 160 a Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 731 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 107 Civil liability of the experts responsible for drawing up the expert report on behalf of the company being acquired S. 559-560

„… , Europäisches Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 20.115, p. 663. TITLE II CONVERSIONS …”

Tobias de Raet Article 104 Publication formalities S. 552-553

„… ), § 20.94, p. 655. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 105 Tobias de Raet 553 3 4 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 103 Date on which a merger takes effect S. 551-552

„… and Capital Markets (2nd edn, 2012), § 28.38, p. 687. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS …”

Tobias de Raet Article 129 Date on which the cross-border merger takes effect S. 669-670

„… II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 129 Tobias de Raet 669 10 1 2 3 4 Article 130 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 100 Protection of the interests of debenture holders of the merging companies S. 545-546

„… , 2012), § 28.35, p. 686. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 100 Tobias de Raet 545 16 17 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 q Date on which the cross-border division takes effect S. 801-802

„… 2020, 297, 299. 1 → Art 129 mn. 1-3. 2 → Art 129 mn. 3. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 155 Definition of a ‘division by the formation of new companies’ S. 724-725

„… → Art 159. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 156 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 725 1 2 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 154 Exemption from the requirement of approval by the general meeting of the company being divided S. 723-724

„… Directive 2017/1132. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 154 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 152 Civil liability of members of the administrative or management bodies of a company being divided S. 720-721

„… ), § 21, p. 711. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 153 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 721 …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 144 Simplified formalities S. 709-710

„… required if all the shareholders and the TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 144 Klaus Bader …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 140 Derogation from the requirement of approval by the general meeting of a recipient company S. 702-703

„… report. In addition to these requirements which largely coincide 1. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 145 Protection of employees’ rights S. 710-711

„… liability of the recipient companies as 4 Article 2:334 j Dutch Civil Code. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 158 Divisions with cash payment exceeding 10 % S. 729-730

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 158 Klaus Bader and Andreas Börner 729 4 5 6 1 value of the shares …”

Tobias de Raet Article 116 Mergers with cash payment exceeding 10 % S. 574-575

„… . TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 117 Tobias de Raet 575 4 5 6 7 8 1 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 115 Transfer of all assets and liabilities by one or more companies to another company which is the holder of 90 % or more of their shares S. 573-574

„… . 682, fn. 439. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 115 Tobias de Raet 573 4 5 6 7 8 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 114 Exemption from requirements applicable to mergers by acquisition S. 572-573

„… . 682, fn. 439. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 115 Tobias de Raet 573 4 5 6 7 8 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 112 Shares held by or on behalf of the acquiring company S. 569-570

„… CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 112 Tobias de Raet 569 2 3 4 1 2 As a consequence, Section 2 of this …”

Tobias de Raet Article 111 Exemption from the requirement of approval by the general meeting S. 568-569

„… ) Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsrecht (ZIP), 953 (961), fn. 138. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art …”

Tobias de Raet Article 98 Protection of employees’ rights S. 540-541

„… Europäisches Recht der Strukturmaßnahmen”‘ (2004) NZG, 15 (22). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 u Validity S. 807-809

„… cross-border operation was 2 → Art 86 s mn. 4. 1 → Art 134 mn. 2. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS …”

Dieter Leuering Article 6 [The one-person public limited liability company] S. 852-853

„… . In practice, however, this cannot be assumed. For reasons of company organisation law, a conversion …”

Dieter Leuering Article 7 [Single-member enterprise with limited liability] S. 853-855

„… organisation law, a conversion into a single-member enterprise with limited liability is not advantageous if …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 135 General provisions on division operations S. 688-690

„… Europa (Nomos 2019), § 10, p. 1703. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 135 Klaus Bader …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 160 c Procedures and formalities S. 746-748

„… materielle Stakeholderschutz nach der neuen Umwandlungsrichtlinie’ ZIP 2019, 61-70. TITLE II CONVERSIONS …”

Tobias de Raet Article 109 Merger by formation of a new company S. 564-566

„… ), § 20.1138, p. 674 et seq. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 109 Tobias de Raet 565 2 3 4 …”

Tobias de Raet Article 94 Derogation from the requirement of approval by the general meeting of the acquiring company S. 522-524

„… Law (1999), p. 108. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 94 Tobias de Raet 523 4 5 6 7 8 …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther Article 12 Consequences of nullity S. 108-110

„… cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions – which also forms part of the Company Law Package 20181 – the …”

Klaus Bader, Andreas Börner Article 139 Approval by the general meeting of each company involved in a division S. 700-702

„… (Nomos, 2019), § 39, p. 1710. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 139 Klaus Bader and …”

Tobias de Raet Article 130 Registration S. 670-672

„… II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 130 Tobias de Raet 671 3 4 5 6 7 tainty.8 The system of …”

Tobias de Raet Article 113 Merger by acquisition by a company which holds 90 % or more of the shares of a company being acquired S. 570-572

„… ). TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND DIVISIONS Art 113 Tobias de Raet 571 3 4 5 6 7 Pursuant to Article …”

Tobias de Raet Article 110 Transfer of all assets and liabilities by one or more companies to another company which is the holder of all their shares S. 566-568

„… Kapitalmarkt- und Gesellschaftsrecht (6th edn, 2017), § 20.144, p. 677. TITLE II CONVERSIONS, MERGERS AND …”

Peter Kindler Article 36 Disclosure of documents and particulars relating to a branch S. 183-186

„… cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions. 3 For an overview on the differing PIL approaches in important …”

Alexander Schall, David Günther Article 7 General provisions and joint and several liability S. 92-96

„… automatically upon registration. This conversion takes place by operation of law. As a consequence, all …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 45 Minimum capital S. 228-233

„… conversion of the unit of account to be used in decisions, recommendations, opinions and communications for …”

Jan P. Brosius Article 3 Compulsory information to be provided in the statutes or instruments of incorporation S. 73-79

„… , and any provisions relating to the conversion of such shares unless the procedure is laid down by law …”

Article 67 Subscription, acquisition or holding of shares by a company in which the public limited liability company holds a majority of the voting rights or on which it can exercise a dominant influe... S. 322-330

„… which carry the right to subscribe for shares, but not to the conversion of such securities, nor to the …”

Jan Lieder, Martin Bialluch Article 9 b Information to be provided in and right to vote on the remuneration report S. 931-943

„… were appointed before a conversion of the company’s corporate form.15 Member States may therefore not …”

Jan P. Brosius Foreword to Arts 44-85 S. 204-223

„… ) and the adoption of equivalent rules regarding the conversion of another type of company into a public …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845279909

Michael Rosenberger - Christian Ethics of Creation

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Michael Rosenberger

Christian Ethics of Creation

2022

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7. More than greenwashing. Ecological conversion S. 220-237

„… More than greenwashing. Ecological conversion“According to the IPCC, we are less than 12 years away …” „… apocalypticism. And without mentioning the word, she calls for radical conversion—like Jesus of Nazareth once …” „… imperial way of life. This will be examined in the next section. The Concept of “Ecological Conversion”The …”

Foreword S. 5-14

„… to walk the path of ecological conversion together.Linz, May 2022Michael RosenbergerForeword7Table …” „… different discourses6.6 217More than greenwashing. Ecological conversion7. 220The concept of the “great …” „… obstacle7.1.2 223The Concept of “Ecological Conversion”7.2 226Conversion as an apocalyptic programme7.3 229 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-4

„… Christian Ethics of CreationMichael RosenbergerOn the Path of Ecological ConversionNomos2.AuflageOn …” „… the Path of Ecological ConversionChristian Ethics of CreationMichael RosenbergerThe Deutsche …” „… Cataloging-in-Publication DataRosenberger, MichaelChristian Ethics of CreationOn the Path of Ecological ConversionMichael …”

1. "Our House is on Fire." Introduction S. 15-21

„… conversion in chapter 7. It will have to be asked whether and what added value the theological concept of …” „… ecological conversion contributes to the sociological concept of transformation.Ecological conversion …” „… dealt with in chapter 8. Ecological conversion, however, also requires personal reorientation towards …”

8. Putting a price on values. Structural changes towards an eco-social market economy S. 238-257

„… framework conditions ecological conversion needs in order to really take place. "It's the economy, stupid …” „… characterised ecological conversion as a turnaround in both individual behaviour and the "structures of sin …”

3. Building an Ark. Impulses from biblical creation texts S. 52-85

„… (environmental) technology, but only by spiritual conversion. The creation mysticism of Francis of Assisi and his …” „… : "Conversion to God (metanoia) today means the commitment to seek a way out of the separation between human …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748934387

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