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Dipayan Ghosh

Terms of Disservice

2020

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Algorithms: The Commercialization of Bias S. 127-162

„… 127THREEAlgorithmsThe Commercialization of BiasThe importance of the consumer internet in the …” „… into slivers, all to the end of making a (highly profitable) buck.The Radical Commercialization of …” „… “commercialization of decisions,” radi-cal because of its continual refinement and complete ubiquity across …”

Introduction S. 1-22

„… — could grease the commercialization of the internet along with all the background support the barons …” „… commercialization of Rajarhat was the result of an organic economic interest— a steady but powerful wave of …” „… this problem before the age of vast internet commercialization; we were not plagued by misin-formation …”

The Case for Radical Reform S. 249-252

„… such commercialization breeds exploitation of the individual, our nation has always acted to protect …”

Index S. 277-0

„… , 146–147; proxies in, 144–145; racism and, 134, 135, 144, 145; radical commercialization of decisions …” „… contact lists, 102, 103content dissemination network, radi-cal commercialization of, 152–153content policy …”

Platform Growth: Capitalism Consuming the World S. 163-198

„… DISSERVICE182Riding the Network EffectWhen the internet was originally set on its path to commercialization …” „… moved early in the commercialization of the internet and have uniformly secured verti-cally integrated …”

Preface

„… Commercialization of BiasFOUR Platform Growth 163Capitalism Consuming the WorldFIVE A New Social Contract 199 The …”

Data: The Harvesting of All Knowledge S. 65-126

„… after its birth and commercialization. Eventually, the code was translated into the Fair Information …” „… far greater than we might think on first glance. Long ago, after the com-mercialization of electricity …”

Notes S. 253-276

„… German Data-Collection Ban,” Wall Street Journal, Aug 26, 2019.27. Allan Weis, “Commercialization of the …”

The Business Model: Data, Algorithms, and Platform Growth S. 23-64

„… commercialization of industry around the world— starting with the United States. Indeed, our written history …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815737667

Wieslaw Babik, H. Peter Ohly, Karsten Weber - Theorie, Semantik und Organisation von Wissen

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Wieslaw Babik (ed.), H. Peter Ohly (ed.), Karsten Weber (ed.)

Theorie, Semantik und Organisation von Wissen

Series: Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation

Volume 13 2017

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I. Kijeńska-Dąbrowska, K. Lipiec Knowledge Brokers as Modern Facilitators of Research Commercialization S. 361-367

„… Facilitators of Research Commercialization Izabela Kijeńska-Dąbrowska Information Processing Institute …” „… brokers in new knowledge commercialization in Poland. Keywords: knowledge brokers, research …” „… commercialization, innovation analysis, knowledge market, science and innovation policy. 1. Introduction The idea …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… of Research Commercialization 362 M. Ostaszewski: Open academic community in Poland: social …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783956503269

Haxhi Gashi - A Comparative Analysis of the Transformation of State/Social Property

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Haxhi Gashi

A Comparative Analysis of the Transformation of State/Social Property

Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)

Volume 66 2013

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Commercialization of SOEs S. 171-172

„… 6.5.2 Commercialization of SOEs The commercialization of SOEs was the first phase towards a free market …” „… related to the commercialization were adopted. The DTI launched the programme of commercialization of SOEs …” „… and Finance maintains that the commercialization process was unattractive to investors and for the …”

Background S. 172-173

„… maintains that the commercialization process was unattractive to investors and for the reconstruction of the …” „… clear owner.54 The representative of employees – BSPK – pointed out that commercialization for Kosovo …” „… .55 But the commercialization of SOEs based on relevant statistics turned out not to be a successful …”

The Question of Administration of SOEs S. 170-171

„… acts of SOEs.51 6.5.2 Commercialization of SOEs The commercialization of SOEs was the first phase …” „… aspects of such a proposal related to the commercialization were adopted. The DTI launched the programme …” „… of commercialization of SOEs to put them under the control of the administration of SOEs aimed at …”

Background S. 74-76

„… April 1993, Law on Commercialization and Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises of 30 August 1996 …” „… indirect method was divided into two phases: the commercialization of enterprises where 100% of shares …” „… Through indirect methods of privatization, such as mass privatization programmes and commercialization …”

The Question of the Privatization Model: The Critical Assessment of the Privatization Proposals S. 176-177

„… a proportion of up to 30%-40% of shares to employees, and 2) commercialization of SOEs (leasing of …” „… . Instead, only the commercialization was initiated, but with less success.83 The second proposal …”

Legal Challenges Regarding Privatization of SOEs S. 173-176

„… a proportion of up to 30%-40% of shares to employees, and 2) commercialization of SOEs (leasing of …” „… . Instead, only the commercialization was initiated, but with less success.83 The second proposal …”

Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property S. 76

„… mass privatization programmes and commercialization, the employees and managers were entitled to obtain …”

Insider Privatization – MEBO: Employee Ownership in the Process of Transformation of Property S. 73-74

„… April 1993, Law on Commercialization and Privatization of State-Owned Enterprises of 30 August 1996 …”

Mass-Privatization (Voucher Privatization): 'The Involvement of the Citizens in the Privatization Process S. 76-77

„… mass privatization programmes and commercialization, the employees and managers were entitled to obtain …”

General Overview S. 77-78

„… that provided the commercialization of enterprises, and the Law on Social Capital of 1989148 to …”

Background S. 161-162

„… 1 Prior to privatization, leasing or management contracts (commercialization) of SOEs were put into …”

Privatization of Socially Owned Property in Kosovo S. 160-161

„… Prior to privatization, leasing or management contracts (commercialization) of SOEs were put into …”

Contents S. 11-18

„… Authority 170 6.5.1 The Question of Administration of SOEs 171 6.5.2 Commercialization of SOEs 171 6.6 …”

Legal Acts S. 238-243

„… . Polish Law on Privatization of State Enterprises, 23 July 1990. Polish Law on Commercialization and …”

Slovenia S. 78-82

„… that provided the commercialization of enterprises, and the Law on Social Capital of 1989148 to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845249650

Joel Gotkin - The United States Bayh-Dole Act and its Effect on University Technology Transfer

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Joel Gotkin

The United States Bayh-Dole Act and its Effect on University Technology Transfer

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 18 2012

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Bayh-Dole's Effect on Commercialization S. 46-47

„… anticommons scenario would be a reduction in use, commercialization, and further research and development of …” „… support of this contention. Bayh-Dole's Effect on Commercialization Whether or not the BDA has achieved …” „… its policy objective of "promot[ing] the commercialization and public availability of inventions" is a …”

Bayh-Dole's Effect on Patenting S. 43-46

„… led to an increase in commercialization of inventions, and if so, has increased commercialism …” „… , 148. 44 commercialization of patents has been shaped post-Bayh Dole. This will be presented in section …” „… anticommons scenario would be a reduction in use, commercialization, and further research and development of …”

Perceived Advantages of the March-in Provision S. 37-39

„… nonexclusive license, and will help to ensure commercialization.135 As a threshold matter, empirical analysis …” „… Government obtains sufficient rights to ensure commercialization, in addition to the right to maintain its …” „… contractors and potential licensees to encourage commercialization of technologies developed with federal …”

Conclusion S. 64-66

„… commercialization and licensing of patents increasing substantially post-1980. Further, it seems clear that the BDA …” „… the increase in early stage patenting. Evidence of commercialization shows that, to this point, an …” „… to ensure commercialization occurs. The Stanford case has given rise to a previously unexamined …”

Implied Duty to Commercialize S. 26-27

„… purpose of, among others, "promoting the commercialization and public available of inventions made …” „… contends that the provision is effective since it provides leverage to promote commercialization of …” „… 11; See generally News Release, Duke University, Patent policy flaws complicate commercialization of …”

Bayh-Dole's Effect on Research and Scientific Progress S. 47-48

„… commercialization, the economists' findings were not so clear. For example, the researchers could not confirm their …” „… potential shortfalls noted in the Max Planck study, statistics show that commercialization has been …” „… point to Bayh-Dole as the driving factor behind the development and commercialization of life-saving …”

March-in Rights S. 25-26

„… commercialization and public available of inventions made in the United States by United States industry and labor …” „… provides leverage to promote commercialization of federally funded inventions.68 Many other scholars and …” „… 11; See generally News Release, Duke University, Patent policy flaws complicate commercialization of …”

Abstract S. 9-12

„… "anticommons" concern. The thesis will empirically examine the effect Bayh-Dole has had on commercialization …” „… hampered nor distorted research and scientific progress, despite the renewed focus on commercialization …” „… universities and employees, which could ultimately impair the commercialization of technology. The case also …”

Japan S. 58-59

„… ownership has lead to increased commercialization in Japan, despite the lack of explicit provisions and …” „… explicit provisions with regards to commercialization and duties moot.262 While some critics of moving …” „… the results of publicly funded R&D would accelerate their commercialization and the realization of …”

Perceived Weaknesses and Asserted Ineffectiveness of the March-In Provision S. 39-41

„… investing in the commercialization, and some researchers from participating in the participating in federal …” „… marched-in end-product. See id. at 14. 39 The GAO finally advises that the commercialization of an invention …” „… , it may hamper commercialization of an invention. Id. at 14. 155 See McCabe, supra note 37, at 661 …”

Europe S. 59-60

„… results of publicly funded R&D would accelerate their commercialization and the realization of these …” „… 222. 272 For example, employees must receive 30% of the profits stemming from commercialization. See …”

Evaluating the March-in Provision S. 41-43

„… achieve commercialization.169 Arno and Davis note that the agencies continually fail to acknowledge that …” „… beneficial to the public? 2) Has Bayh-Dole led to an increase in commercialization of inventions, and if so …”

Non-Journal Articles and Other Supplementary Materials with Author Explicit (alphabetical by author) S. 71-73

„… Ream, Rachel: Nonprofit Commercialization Under Bayh-Dole and the Academic Anticommons, 58 CASE W …” „… commercialization of federally funded university discoveries, News Release, Duke University (December 11, 2002 …”

Licenses and Assignments Used by Universities in Technology Transfer S. 15-17

„… encourage commercialization of research by universities."3 This statement echoes one of the main policy …” „… filing patent applications and seeking commercialization of the invention. 7 See id. at 10. 8 While each …”

Cases in Point: CellPro, Fabrazyme, and the Government Refusal to March-in S. 34-37

„… commercialization.135 As a threshold matter, empirical analysis showing benefits of the march-in provision is nearly …” „… commercialization, in addition to the right to maintain its own license). 136 See GAO Report, supra note 68, at 10 …”

Books and Compilations S. 71

„… Ream, Rachel: Nonprofit Commercialization Under Bayh-Dole and the Academic Anticommons, 58 CASE W …”

The "Anticommons" Effect S. 33

„… inventions) are prone to underuse. See Rachel A. Ream, Nonprofit Commercialization Under Bayh-Dole and the …”

Articles and Other Supplementary Materials without Explicit Author (alphabetical by title) S. 73-74

„… commercialization of federally funded university discoveries, News Release, Duke University (December 11, 2002 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… 's Effect on Commercialization2. 46 Bayh-Dole's Effect on Research and Scientific Progress3. 47 Bayh-Dole …”

Birth of Bayh-Dole S. 20-21

„… ) retained title to their inventions, this would not stymie commercialization. See id. 20 of sorts: under the …”

Policy and Scope of the Act S. 22-23

„… commercialization and public availability of inventions made in the United States by United States industry and …”

University Patenting and Patent Policy Trends Prior to Bayh-Dole S. 19-20

„… ) retained title to their inventions, this would not stymie commercialization. See id. 20 …”

Misallocated Research Priorities S. 32-33

„… to underuse. See Rachel A. Ream, Nonprofit Commercialization Under Bayh-Dole and the Academic …”

Journal Articles S. 70-71

„… Commercialization Under Bayh-Dole and the Academic Anticommons, 58 CASE W. RES. L. REV. 1343 (2008) Rutt, Steven and …”

Shortfalls of the United States Bayh-Dole Act S. 60-62

„… stemming from commercialization. See id. Though this doesn't by any means preclude universities from …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845242217

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris - The Olympic Games of the European Union

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Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

The Olympic Games of the European Union

2011

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Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The commercialization of the Games and the early violations. S. 259-262

„… The commercialization of the Games and the early …” „… Probably,?the?one?who?started?the?excessive?commercialization?of?the?Olympicswas?Coubertin?himself,?even?though?probably?this?was?none?of?his?intentions.?Manyyears?before?creating?the?Olympic?symbol,?in?1902?Coubertin?persuaded?Benedictine?Brandy? to? take?a? full-page? advertisement? in? the? 1902 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 258-259

„… ?intense?after?the?recent?extended?violations?of?the?Olympicinsignia?and?the?Olympic?sponsoring?programme,?mainly,?through?the?practice?ofambush?marketing.258The commercialization of the Games and the early …” „… Probably,?the?one?who?started?the?excessive?commercialization?of?the?Olympicswas?Coubertin?himself,?even?though?probably?this?was?none?of?his?intentions.?Manyyears?before?creating?the?Olympic?symbol,?in?1902?Coubertin?persuaded?Benedictine?Brandy? to? take?a? full-page? advertisement? in? the? 1902 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping and European Union S. 137-141

„… eused?in?order?to?prevent?prohibited?substances?from?being?detected.Beyond?of?the?problem?itself,?though,?importance?is?attached?to?potent?causes?ofthe?problem.?In?the?opinion?of?the?Commission,?the?basic?reason?is?the?commercialization …” „… ?aims?exclusively?at?the?body?development.?The?commercialization …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Doping S. 134

„… t,?a?characteristic?which?has?led?a?lot?of?people?to?keep?their?distance?from?sport?and?hateit.?Sportsmen?no?longer?compete?for?an?olive?branch?but?for?important?commercialcontracts?and?financial?benefits.?The?commercialization …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international constitutional framework of sports S. 64-65

„… ,?gamesmanship,?doping,?violence,?corruption,?and?commercialization …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Olympics and Broadcasting S. 282-283

„… ?Winter?Olympic?Games.He?was?not?right,?though.IOC?went?from?amateur?run?sport?organization?to?multibillion?dollar?international?corporation?after?embracing?commercialization …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The positions of the Council of Europe about Sport and their contribution to the forming of a European perception about sports S. 65-66

„… ,?gamesmanship,?doping,?violence,?corruption,?and?commercialization …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 134-135

„… t,?a?characteristic?which?has?led?a?lot?of?people?to?keep?their?distance?from?sport?and?hateit.?Sportsmen?no?longer?compete?for?an?olive?branch?but?for?important?commercialcontracts?and?financial?benefits.?The?commercialization …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Fair play in the Code of Sports Ethics of the Council of Europe S. 73-74

„… ?of?thinking,?not?justa?way?of?behaving.?Furthermore,?it?embodies?principles?that?are?associated?with?theelimination?of?unethical?practices,?unequal?opportunities,?corruption?or?commercialization.89?In?that?sense,?fair?play?is?primarily?an?ethical?and?deontological?con-87 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The European approach to sport S. 175-177

„… ? the? Member? States? (increasing? commercialization? and? stagnation? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Volunteering S. 253-255

„… unlike?the?contemporary?high?commercialization?of?sports?they?offered?selflesslytheir?services?to?this?institution,The?same?situation?is?expected?to?happen?in?the?London?2012 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Non-judicial protection against ambush marketing S. 280-282

„… ?Winter?Olympic?Games.He?was?not?right,?though.IOC?went?from?amateur?run?sport?organization?to?multibillion?dollar?international?corporation?after?embracing?commercialization …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter and consequences thereof. The concept of the Sporting Spirit, of sports traditions and of the Olympic Ideal and fair play S. 71-73

„… ?of?thinking,?not?justa?way?of?behaving.?Furthermore,?it?embodies?principles?that?are?associated?with?theelimination?of?unethical?practices,?unequal?opportunities,?corruption?or?commercialization.89?In?that?sense,?fair?play?is?primarily?an?ethical?and?deontological?con-87 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rules S. 163-165

„… ? thereanything?that?can?be?considered?to?be?“of?purely?sporting?interest”?nowadays??Under?the?contemporary?commercialization …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Addendum S. 165-167

„… ? thereanything?that?can?be?considered?to?be?“of?purely?sporting?interest”?nowadays??Under?the?contemporary?commercialization …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova EC law and 2004 Olympic Games S. 178-181

„… ? thechance?to?the?mass?media?to?refer?to?the?necessary?restoration?of?the?sporting?values,which?were?darkened?by?the?phenomena?of?corruption?and?doping?n?sport?and?arealso?threatened?by?the?excessive?commercialization …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… The?commercialization?of?the?Games?and?the?early?violations. 259The?Nairobi?Treaty 262Ambush?Marketing 263General 263Sponsorship 264 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sponsorship S. 264-266

„… ? programsestablished?by?the?IOC?are?designed?to?contribute?to?the?independent?financial?stability?of?Olympic?movement,?to?generate?continual?and?substantial?support?throughsustained,?long-term?partnerships,?to?prohibit?the?uncontrolled?commercializationof?the?Olympic?Games.574Since?the?very?first?Olympic?Games?of?Athens?1896 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233499

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