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Bruce Riedel

Beirut 1958

2019

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Beirut and Amman S. 53-72

„… 53ThreeBeirut and AmmanBeirut was commonly called “the Paris of the Middle East” in the 1950s and …” „… the in-tellectual capital of the region, home of the prestigious American University of Beirut (AUB …” „… ). The Palestinian na-tionalist movement was born in Beirut and, especially, at AUB. Every political …”

Beirut, Amman, and Baghdad S. 91-112

„… 91 FiveBeirut, Amman, and BaghdadAt three in the afternoon on July 15, 1958, the second battalion …” „… tourists, some in bikinis, sunbathing or play-Riedel_Beirut 1958_i-viii_1-136.indd 91 8/14/19 11:39 AM …” „… 92Beirut 1958ing in the water. As the Marines stormed the beach, the sunbathers rushed to safety …”

Index S. 131-0

„… also BeirutLittle, Douglas, 38Macmillan, Harold, 25, 88–89Maronites, 54, 56–57Matani, Nassib al, 62 …” „… Ajami, Fouad, 60American University of Beirut (AUB), 53Angleton, James Jesus, 24Arab Federation, 43, 70 …” „… riots, 10–11, 19–20Bakdash, Kalid, 39, 41Beirut, 53; author’s experience of, 55–56, 92, 111, 113, 115 …”

Preface

„… Beirut 1958Riedel Beirut 1958How America’s Wars in the Middle East BeganBruce RiedelFrom …” „… Beirut, Lebanon, ready for combat. They were greeted by vendors and sunbathers. Fortunately, the rest of …” „… Pres-ident Eisenhower’s unprecedented decision to deploy U.S. Marines to Beirut in 1958. With the action …”

Jerusalem and Cairo S. 7-32

„… - Riedel_Beirut 1958_i-viii_1-136.indd 7 8/14/19 11:39 AM8Beirut 1958old king Hussein bin Talal had ascended …” „… , Riedel_Beirut 1958_i-viii_1-136.indd 8 8/14/19 11:39 AMJerusalem and Cairo9whose mission was to “push Jordan …” „… one expert.3Gamal Abd al Nasser, Egypt’s president and America’s nemesis.Riedel_Beirut 1958_i-viii …”

Baghdad and Washington S. 73-90

„… morning on July 14, 1958. John and his wife had arrived in April in Iraq after a tour of duty in Beirut …” „… . A car picked John up, and he heard gunfire as they Riedel_Beirut 1958_i-viii_1-136.indd 73 8/14/19 …” „… 11:39 AM74Beirut 1958drove to the embassy. Later in the morning, he brought his wife by car to the …”

Damascus and Riyadh S. 33-52

„… Beirut.DamascusSyria is an old country with new, artificial borders. For most of history, the name Syria referred to …” „… made Kermit Roosevelt famous (decades later, he would write a book about the affair).1 Riedel_Beirut …” „… 1958_i-viii_1-136.indd 33 8/14/19 11:39 AM34Beirut 1958Five years later, America’s oldest ally in …”

Introduction S. 1-6

„… 1 IntroductionOn July 15, 1958, United States Marines stormed ashore at Beirut, Lebanon. It was …” „… Beirut to prevent the spread of international communism, according to President Dwight David Eisen-hower …” „… accompanied him from our previous post in Jerusa-lem to Beirut. The assignment began as a joy— Beirut was then …”

Epilogue: Lessons Learned S. 113-120

„… Beirut.Riedel_Beirut 1958_i-viii_1-136.indd 115 8/14/19 11:39 AM116Beirut 1958sessment of the implications, which …” „… 113 EpilogueLessons Learned I returned to Beirut in 1985, twenty- seven years later, after the …” „… minutes while passengers jumped out or in. The embassy was a fortress, Riedel_Beirut 1958_i-viii_1-136 …”

Notes S. 121-130

„… re-Riedel_Beirut 1958_i-viii_1-136.indd 121 8/14/19 11:39 AM122Notes to Pages 13–221322search until Fawaz …” „… Eisenhower: America and Riedel_Beirut 1958_i-viii_1-136.indd 122 8/14/19 11:39 AMNotes to Pages …” „… Study of Post- War Riedel_Beirut 1958_i-viii_1-136.indd 123 8/14/19 11:39 AM124Notes to Pages …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815737353

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Yossi Alpher

Death Tango

2022

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1 MARCH 27, 2002: NETANYA,TULKARM, BEIRUT S. 1-10

„… 11MARCH 27, 2002: NETANYA, TULKARM, BEIRUTChapter 1March 27, 2002: Netanya, Tulkarm, BeirutThe …” „… , 2002: Netanya, Tulkarm, Beirut 3manager and son of the original founders, celebrated Pesach nearby …” „… from Nablus and hidden until March 27, 2002: Netanya, Tulkarm, Beirut 5this day in the women’s …”

6 MARCH 28, 2002, BEIRUT: THE ARAB PEACE INITIATIVE I S. 41-46

„… 416MARCH 28, 2002, BEIRUT: THE ARAB PEACE INITIATIVE IChapter 6March 28, 2002, Beirut: The Arab …” „… necessary by the assembled leaders of the Arab League.The API was ratified in Beirut on March 28, 2002, by …” „… March 28, 2002, Beirut: The Arab Peace Initiative I 43Barak’s own peace initiatives failed. The …”

APPENDIX I: THE ARAB PEACE INITIATIVE AS RATIFIED IN BEIRUT, MARCH 28, 2002 S. 169-170

„… 169APPENDIX I : THE ARAB PEACE INITIATIVE AS RATIFIED IN BEIRUT, MARCH 28, 2002Appendix I: The …” „… Arab Peace Initiative as Ratified in Beirut, March 28, 2002Appendix I: The Arab Peace Initiative as …” „… Ratified in Beirut, March 28, 2002THE ARAB PEACE INITIATIVEThe Council of the League of Arab States at the …”

8 THE ARAB PEACE INITIATIVE III: THE DOCUMENT IS WRITTEN AND APPROVED S. 57-66

„… League approval. That meant, in the days leading up to March 28 in Beirut, a lot of bargaining …” „… content and tenor of the ultimate League resolution. The final product that emerged from the Beirut …” „… Lebanon and Syria were done with it.Even before Beirut, as Jordan’s Muasher, the PLO’s head negotiator …”

9 ARIEL SHARON AND THE ARAB PEACE INITIATIVE S. 67-76

„… Beirut—that Arafat could leave but not return.Ariel Sharon and the Arab Peace Initiative 71A second …” „… install a friendly Christian Maronite regime in Beirut. Operation Peace 68 Chapter 9for Galilee …” „… and Shatila refugee camps near Beirut. The perpetrators were Lebanese Christian forces allied with …”

Preface

„… March 27, 2002: Netanya, Tulkarm, Beirut 1 2 March 27, 2002: Passover Eve in Netanya and Jerusalem 11 3 …” „… Office 35 6 March 28, 2002, Beirut: The Arab Peace Initiative I 41 7 The Arab Peace Initiative II: A …” „… : The Arab Peace Initiative as Ratified in Beirut, March 28, 2002 169Appendix II: The Roadmap for Peace …”

17 CONCLUSION: MARCH 27, 28, AND 29 AS A TURNING POINT S. 149-168

„… Arab-Israel conflict. Its approval in Beirut transpired in the absence of many key Arab leaders. Its …” „… , the dissonance between the Park Hotel bombing of March 27 and the next day’s approval in Beirut of the …” „… the Arab world. The Arab leaders convening in Beirut offered not a word of condolence. The Park …”

16 2002–2021 S. 137-148

„… Beirut’s Phoenicia Intercontinental Hotel toward the Mediterranean, the specter has changed radically since …” „… drilling zones to global energy firms, but little can start until and unless Beirut gets its economic and …” „… of the Bei-rut coast, proved unproductive in February 2020. After that, COVID-19 pandemic panic put a …”

7 THE ARAB PEACE INITIATIVE II: A CONVERSATION WITH THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN S. 47-56

„… . So I never went to the Beirut summit even though I set the ball rolling. It had to be their baby.Now …” „… the most damage to us?Alpher: But how do you understand what comes out of Beirut, which is very …” „… ] Sharon, from February 2002 on, is aware of all that’s going on and tries to get himself invited to Beirut …”

14 RUSSIA S. 117-122

„… fighters flown from Beirut to Soviet Bloc capitals such as Prague, Warsaw, and Sofia. Soviet-administered …” „… API was ratified 120 Chapter 14in Beirut. On March 12, 2002, when Moscow voted for UN Security …” „… Prince Abdullah.” On March 28, 2002, the very day the API was approved in Beirut, the United Nations High …”

10 A KIND OF DEATH TANGO: SHARON AND ARAFAT S. 77-0

„… himself into: Arafat in Beirut in 1982, Sharon in the fighting against Egypt in the Sinai Peninsula in …” „… hesitated to touch him. During Israel’s 1982 siege of Beirut, when an Israeli sharpshooter had Arafat in his …” „… in 2002 sought an invitation to the Beirut Arab League Summit. (Israel Defense Forces Armored Corps …”

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY S. 189-192

„… Forces into E. J’lem after Triple Murder.” Haaretz, January 3, 2021.Hof, Frederic C. “The Beirut Bombing …” „… , December 28, 2008 (Hebrew).Smyth, Gareth. “Beirut Summit Diary—Rocky Road to Peace.” Financial Times, April …”

NOTES S. 181-188

„… attack on an American military target, see Frederic C. Hof, “The Beirut Bombing of October 1983: An Act …” „… 21, 2019.CHAPTER 8 1. Gareth Smyth, “Beirut Summit Diary—Rocky Road to Peace,” Financial Times, April …”

MARCH 28, 2002, JERUSALEM: ISRAEL PRIME MINISTER’S OFFICE S. 35-40

„… for hours. Just days before, Bush had been pressuring Sharon to allow Arafat to attend the Beirut Arab …” „… same day, March 28, by the Arab League summit convened in Beirut. In the course of time, it would …”

3 ZINNI S. 23-28

„… jails for doing so, then joined Arafat in his post-Beirut and pre-Oslo (1982–1994) Tunis exile. Now they …” „… a week of quiet. It was late March. Now, with Arafat’s possible departure for the Beirut Arab League …”

PERSONS INTERVIEWED FOR THIS BOOK S. 179-180

„… , Financial Times correspondent in Beirut in 2002Nikolai Surkov, Moscow State Institute of International …”

INDEX S. 193-202

„… Barnea, Nachum, 51Begin, Menachem, 38, 67, 75, 79Beilin, Yossi, 38Beirut. See LebanonBeirut Arab League …”

APPENDIX II: THE ROADMAP FOR PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST, APRIL 30, 2003 S. 171-178

„… the initiative of Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah—endorsed by the Beirut Arab League Summit—calling for …”

15 BEHIND THE EVENTS OF MARCH 2002 S. 123-136

„… this? Palestinian Islamists massacring a Passover Seder in Netanya, Arab diplomats in Beirut adopting a …”

12 SHARON, WEISSGLASS, AND THE AMERICAN EFFORT S. 95-110

„… himself to Beirut, to unilateral dismantler of settlements. There had been but few comparable reversals of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538162088

Julia Hauser, Christine B. Lindner, Esther Möller - Entangled Education

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Julia Hauser (ed.), Christine B. Lindner (ed.), Esther Möller (ed.)

Entangled Education

Series: Beiruter Texte und Studien (BTS)

Volume 137 2016

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Maria Bashshur Abunnasr Impressions of New England on the Ras Beirut Landscape, 1870–1920 S. 29-48

„… defined the “power of place” that is Ras Beirut today: a landscape of an idealized America for Beirutis …” „… England on the Ras Beirut Landscape, 1870–1920 Maria Bashshur Abunnasr The other day my father …” „… reminded me of the rather mundane origins of this chapter on the traces of New England on the Ras Beirut …”

Michael F. Davie Local and Western Educational Institutions in Beirut: Topographical and Symbolic Dominations S. 49-72

„… Local and Western Educational Institutions in Beirut: Topographical and Symbolic Dominations …” „… Saints-Cœurs de Jésus et de Marie au Liban et en Syrie, 1853–1953. Histoire d’un siècle, Beirut: La …” „… visit to Amherst, Massachusetts, 1873–1874, Beirut: American University of Beirut 1994. 4 Sami Kuri …”

Souad Abou el-Rousse Slim The Russian Schools in Beirut at the End of the 19th Century S. 201-210

„… SCHOOLS IN BEIRUT 209 tinople. A second petition followed, reiterating the Beiruti community’s resolve …” „… The Russian Schools in Beirut at the End of the 19th Century Souad Abou el-Rousse Slim Local …” „… students of Orthodox schools in Beirut during the late 19th century. Many travelers to the Middle East …”

Julia Hauser Mothers of a Future Generation: The Journey of an Argument for Female Education S. 143-162

„… “honored coreligionists” in Beirut in search for support for the establishment of a school for Jewish …” „… , however, mothers could not act as educators. Hence the first modern school for Jewish girls in Beirut …” „… Emma Rosenzweig to the Jewish Notables of Beirut, draft, n. d. [before 30 December 1877], VIII e 90 …”

Julia Hauser, Christine B. Lindner, Esther Möller Introduction S. 11-28

„… and Beirut.1 She refined her skills at an independent school in Ḥāṣbayā that was founded by her …” „… Beirut in the wake of the 1860 civil unrest.2 To these German deaconesses who were unacquainted with the …” „… position at the British Post Office in Beirut, where she worked for the next fifteen years.3 Upon her death …”

Esther Möller “We do not learn for school, but for life”: Alumni Associations at French Schools in Lebanon in the 1930s and 1940s as Privileged Spaces of Sociability S. 265-282

„… Romon, Beirut, 29 March 1910, “Beyrouth Correspondance 1896–1918”, Lazarist Archives in Paris …” „… foreign, local, and national schools were home to the same kind of activities, mainly in Beirut, but also …” „… in other parts of the country. For the American University of Beirut see the study on its alumni …”

Christine B. Lindner Educational Encounters between American Protestant Missionaries and the Residents of Late Ottoman Syria: One Path towards a Modern Education S. 233-254

„… Orthodox boy from Beirut would pursue into their house two American missionaries for their knowledge of …” „… Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: A Catalyst for Multiple Modernities?, Beirut: Orient-Institut Beirut, 19 …” „… the American University of Beirut), and presses and literacy societies that encouraged the Arabic …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Beiruter Texte und Studien 137Orient-Institut Beirut ISBN 978-3-95650-101-2 ISSN 0067-4931 BTS …” „… international workshop held at the Orient-Institut Beirut in April 2012, the studies on local and foreign …” „… Ottoman Beirut. Competing Missions (Leiden: Brill 2015). Christine B. Lindner served as the inaugural …”

Ellen Fleischmann Foreword. Entangled Education:Foreign, National, and Local schools in Ottoman Syria and Mandate Lebanon S. 7-10

„… beautiful Ottoman villa housing the Orient-Institut Beirut in the Zuqāq al-Blaṭ quarter of Beirut. We were …” „… local and foreign scholars, writers, and members of the Beirut community who were participating in an …” „… during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: A Catalyst for Multiple Modernities?, Beirut …”

Marilène Karam Esther Azharī Mūyāl (1873–1948): Aspects of a Modern Education in Bilād al-Shām S. 255-264

„… introduced to Beirut in the 1850s.42 Its students regularly performed to an audience of the Beiruti elite …” „… The name of “the honourable writer, the young lady Astīr [Esther] Azharī1 from Beirut”, first …” „… attended the American missionaries’ Beirut Female Seminary.3 For women like Esther, education served as an …”

Edward A. Falk Lyon to Liban – Language, Nation, and Faith in the Jesuit Schools of Ottoman Lebanon S. 163-180

„… Saint-Joseph (hereafter USJ) in Beirut learned much more than just the French language. Under the dual …” „… Beirut became educational battlegrounds for more than a dozen national and religious groups from Europe …” „… Beirut and Mount Lebanon.6 As a result of these efforts and the gradual displacement of Italian-born …”

May Davie Avènement d’une architecture scolaire moderne aux messages ambigus: Beyrouth, 1825–1900 S. 73-98

„… . 4 Sur ce contexte, voir Leila Fawaz, «The City and the Mountain: Beirut’s Political Radius in the …” „… administrative, Paris: E. Lehoux Éditeurs 1896; Naim N. Atiyeh, «Schools of Beirut», dans: Beirut – Crossroads …” „… of Cultures, Beyrouth: Beirut College for Women 1970, 133– 166; Henry Diab et Lars Wahlin, «The …”

Index S. 283-290

„… , 271 n. 28, 280 n. 77 American University of Beirut (see Syrian Protestant College) Angélil …” „… / نقوال ابز جريج 105, 118 n. 89, 119-121, 139, 262 Beirut / Beyrouth / 22 ,16 ,12-11 ,8-7 بريوت- 23 …” „… al-Nabaʿ / 224 ,91 راس النبع - Ras Beirut / Ras Beyrouth / 23 راس النبعة, 31, 33-36, 38-39, 40, 44-47 …”

Magda Nammour Perception de l’éducation à Beyrouth d’après la pensée écrite de la fin du XIXe siècle S. 99-124

„… Carsten-Michael Walbiner, éds., Beyrouth: Orient-Institut Beirut 2002 (Beiruter Texte und Studien 74), 141–173 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783956505027

Paul H. Robinson, Sarah M. Robinson - Crimes That Changed Our World

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Paul H. Robinson, Sarah M. Robinson

Crimes That Changed Our World

2018

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Ch15. 1983 Beirut Barracks Bombing S. 211-222

doi.org/10.5771/9781538102022

Wolfgang Petritsch, Vedran Dzihic - Conflict and Memory: Bridging Past and Future in (South East) Europe

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Wolfgang Petritsch (ed.), Vedran Dzihic (ed.)

Conflict and Memory: Bridging Past and Future in (South East) Europe

Series: Southeast European Integration Perspectives

Volume 3 2010

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Isabelle de le Court A Tale of Two Cities: Amnesia or Nostalgia in Post-conflict Art in Beirut and Sarajevo? S. 163-175

„… Beirut and Sarajevo? The events that unfolded at the end of the 20th century in Beirut and …” „… the future. Exposed to war trauma, the peoples of Beirut and Sarajevo saw their economic, social …” „… Quarterly (2000) 21, p. 270. 166 Have the urban and social tissues of Sarajevo and Beirut been forever …”

Paola Yacoub The Holiday Inn Cycle S. 143-153

„… from the Phoenicia Hotel’, Beirut, 1995 The Lebanese civil war began in Beirut in 1975. The …” „… Murabitun. The issue was the city centre and access to the port of Beirut. How long did these battles …” „… were killed and 500 were injured in a single day. Beirut became a city at war, and I started to …”

Contributors S. 321-326

„… Post-war Sarajevo and Beirut in Crosscultural Perspectives, under the supervision of Griselda Pollock …” „… the excavation of downtown Beirut from 1995 to 1999. Currently participating in the Roundtable …” „… anthologised in the publication Beirut Is a Magnificent City, Synoptic Tables, published by the Fundació Antoni …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Nostalgia in Post-conflict Art in Beirut and Sarajevo? 165 Milica Tomić The Container/Transporter of …”

Sophie Milquet “Don’t let my name fade into history”: La voz dormida by Dulce Chacón, a Feminine “Site of Memory”? S. 129-143

„… Paola Yacoub, ‘View of the Holiday Inn from the Phoenicia Hotel’, Beirut, 1995 The Lebanese civil …” „… war began in Beirut in 1975. The battles started in the high-rise hotel district, but no one knew it …”

Wolfgang Petritsch, Vedran Dzihic Confronting Conflicting Memories in [South East] Europe: An Introduction S. 13-29

„… . Isabelle de le Court addresses the conditions in which art practices appeared in Sarajevo and Beirut in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845225555

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