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Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz (ed.), Max-Planck-Institut für Innovation und Wettbewerb (ed.)

Data Access, Consumer Interests and Public Welfare

2021

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Heiko Richter The law and policy of government access to private sector data (‘B2G data sharing’) S. 529-572

„… The law and policy of government access to private sector data (‘B2G data sharing’) Heiko Richter …” „… mandate the state’s access to data held by private undertakings (i.e. ‘government access’ or ‘B2G data …” „… government access to private sector data (‘B2G data sharing’) 531 cilitated new techniques of data evaluation …”

Axel Metzger Access to and porting of data under contract law: Consumer protection rules and market-based principles S. 287-318

„… B) contracts. Access to and portability of data are of major importance in B2B contractual …” „… the station and the producer). The few as yet existing mandatory B2B data access or portability rights …” „… right of access or portability of data with regard to B2B relationships. Yet one may ask whether such a …”

Heike Schweitzer, Robert Welker A legal framework for access to data – A competition policy perspective S. 103-154

„… sector-specific data access legislation, data access may be mandated under general competition law. In B2C …” „… business-to-consumers (B2C) and in business-to-business dealings (B2B). By combining usage data generated in the course …” „… (government-to-business (G2B) data sharing),10 data sharing between companies (B2B data sharing) shall be promoted.11 The …”

Louisa Specht-Riemenschneider Data access rights – A comparative perspective S. 401-438

„… of market power, before categorising these particular instruments. Fig. 1 – B. Data access rights – A …” „… information.4 The PSD2 Directive5 also provides for a data access right in the banking sector. According to …” „… law system provide for data access rights that are guaranteed across sectors and data types? 2. If a …”

Michael Grünberger Data access rules: The role of contractual unfairness control of (consumer) contracts S. 253-286

„… . Data access rules: The role of contractual unfairness control of (consumer) contracts 257 sumer (B2C …” „… control in B2C and B2B data contracts The proposition Unfairness control as a data access rule The main …” „… access-seeking] party’s contribution to data generation, (2) the weight of that party’s legitimate interest in …”

Wolfgang Kerber From (horizontal and sectoral) data access solutions towards data governance systems S. 439-476

„… sector data Heiko Richter, ‘The law and policy of government access to private sector data (“B2G data …” „… according to Art. 20 GDPR can be a model for B2B data access solutions. 14 See for the discussion about …” „… used by many firms, (b) data are a key input for innovation, and (c) the lack of access to data can …”

Ruth Janal Data portability under the GDPR: A blueprint for access rights? S. 319-342

„… possible business portability right: In the B2B context, a data controller will often be compensated by …” „… to the B2B-context? Art. 20 GDRP contains a minimum requirement for the transmission of data that …” „… ales_Vertragsrecht_Stellungnahme_HDE_2.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1> accessed 31 August 2020. 27 Article 29 Data Protection Working …”

Josef Drexl Connected devices – An unfair competition law approach to data access rights of users S. 477-528

„… not limited to B2C relationships. Hence, there is also a need for an access right to data generated by …” „… rules to promote access to data and extend fairness control of contract terms to B2B relations.75 While …” „… final, 2. 477 turers. Beyond this, firms active in secondary markets also depend on data access. An …”

Christian Reimsbach-Kounatze Enhancing access to and sharing of data: Striking the balance between openness and control over data S. 25-68

„… policy of government access to private sector data (“B2G data sharing”)’, in this volume. Enhancing …” „… which is growing in importance with artificial intelligence (AI).2 As a result, access to data has …” „… analytic company, for over USD 2 billion in 2015. 5 OECD, Enhancing Access to and Sharing of Data …”

Matthias Leistner The existing European IP rights system and the data economy – An overview with particular focus on data access and portability S. 209-252

„… further below at 3.b)(2)), the structural analysis of individual customers’ potential needs to access and …” „… tation-building-european-data-economy> all accessed 31 August 2020. 2 Josef Drexl and others, ‘Position Statement of the Max Planck …” „… min/ipmpg/content/aktuelles/aus_der_forschung/beuc-x-2018-121_data_access_an d_control_in_the_area_of_connected_devices.pdf> accessed 31 August 2020 …”

Jörg Hoffmann Safeguarding innovation in the framework of sector-specific data access regimes: The case of digital payment services S. 343-400

„… debate of further strengthening consumer data rights, particularly in a B2B context, data sharing of …” „… monopoly, which is not necessarily the case in a typical B2B data sharing context.55 Throughout the years …” „… regulatory policy; cf. section B.I.2. above. 76 Applying Akerlof’s example of market of lemons to data …”

Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann The legal framework for access to data from a data protection viewpoint – especially under the GDPR S. 175-208

„… misunderstanding of the equality of factual access to data and the normative ‘nothing to hide’.2 This is because …” „… , Systemisches Wissensmanagement (2nd edn, Lucius & Lucius 2001) 289. The legal framework for access to data from …” „… Access under the GDPR Access and Data Processing According to Article 4 (2) GDPR, data processing covers …”

Josef Drexl Data access as a means to promote consumer interests and public welfare – An introduction S. 11-24

„… access to privately held data (‘B2G data sharing’) in the public interest, on the other hand. Data access …” „… Regulation2 and data access rights of competitors as part A. 1 See, in particular, the Communication from the …” „… other things, obligations of private actors to grant access to data. 2 Art. 20 Regulation (EU) 2016/679 …”

Bertin Martens Data access, consumer interests and social welfare – An economic perspective on data S. 69-102

„… -driven_Agricultural _Services_A_Farmer%27s_Perspective> accessed on 31 August 2020. 9 See section B.VIII. below. Data access, consumer …” „… at these schedules but because they want to buy an air transport service. Data B. I. 2 See Jason …” „… sector data (‘B2G data sharing’)’, in this volume. Bertin Martens 72 data originators and/or collectors …”

Thomas Fetzer The constitutional framework for data access rights S. 155-174

„… . Beck 2016) § 2 paras 13, 17–21. The constitutional framework for data access rights 159 timately …” „… regard,19 citizens can request access to their personal data directly on the basis of Article 2(1) of the …” „… The larger legal framework The constitutional framework for data access rights Thomas Fetzer …”

Christine Lambrecht Special Address of the Federal Minister of Justice and Consumer Protection S. 7-10

„… access to private sector data (‘B2G data sharing’) 529 Heiko Richter Contributors 573 Contents 10 …” „… topic of the 2019 Consumer Law Conference – ‘Data access, consumer interests and public welfare’ – is a …” „… society, research institutions, businesses or the state – have adequate access to data. Allowing ‘data …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748924999

Volker Stocker, Franziska Birke, Gert Brunekreeft, Hans-Jörg Weiß - Perspektiven der Netzökonomie

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Volker Stocker (ed.), Franziska Birke (ed.), Gert Brunekreeft (ed.), Hans-Jörg Weiß (ed.)

Perspektiven der Netzökonomie

Series: Freiburger Studien zur Netzökonomie

Volume 23 2023

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Patrick Zenhäusern Access regulation of non-personal data markets S. 211-231

„… , the access to data is important. In 2.3 The survey design is based on a company survey by the European …” „… Commission on the topic of “B2B Data Sharing Principles and Guidance” (European Commission, 2019b). The part …” „… , the access to data improves their product development. The joint use of non-personal data 2.3Access …”

Johannes M. Bauer Agile Regulation: Experiments in Flexible Governance S. 31-50

„… regulation, outcome-focused regulation, data-driven regulation, and experimental regulation to support …” „… imperative to unleash this scientific and innovation potential (OECD, 2021a, 2021b; World Economic Forum …” „… institutional and transboundary challenges of change (OECD, 2021b).It is not necessarily new that public policy …”

Franziska Birke, Gert Brunekreeft, Volker Stocker, Hans-Jörg Weiß Einführungsbeitrag der Herausgeber S. 9-30

„… , big data and the economics of networked vehicles. Telecommunications Policy, 43(2), 171–181 …” „… Einführungsbeitrag der HerausgeberFranziska Birke1, Gert Brunekreeft2, Volker Stocker3 und …” „… . Bald kamen Probleme aufgrund von Netzexternalitäten dazu, z.B. in Bezug auf die Setzung von Standards …”

Manfred J. Holler, Florian Rupp Networks, Centrality, Public Good Index and the Medici S. 73-88

„… Networks, Centrality, Public Good Index and the MediciManfred J. Holler1 & Florian Rupp2 …” „… , www.ccr-munich.de;manfred.holler@uni-hamburg.de.2 Kutaisi International University and CCR-Munich, www.ccr-munich.de;florian.rupp@kiu.edu.ge.73the …” „… direct influence on other vertices (see Freeman, 1978), e.g., by having better access to information at …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748937463

André Janssen, Hans Schulte-Nölke - Researches in European Private Law and Beyond

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André Janssen (ed.), Hans Schulte-Nölke (ed.)

Researches in European Private Law and Beyond

2020

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Dirk Staudenmayer Towards a European Private Law of the Digital Economy? - Trends S. 65-90

„… terms and conditions of Platform P, B does not have access to this data. In addition to these examples …” „… Data Economy Communication, COM (2017) 9 final, p. 12. Dirk Staudenmayer 88 ness (B2B) contracts.95 …” „… would be relevant for the data access/transfer issues described earlier75 while for the platforms and …”

Francesco Paolo Patti Machine Learning and European Product Liability S. 107-124

„… autonomous II. 4 According to data provided by the World Health Organization, every year over 1.2 million …” „… Things, in: Mak/Tjong Tjin Tai/Berlee (eds), 83, 105–106. 35 Art. 6(2) Directive 85/374/EEC. 36 Art. 7(b …” „… fitted with data recorders in order to clarify who was driving dur- 2. 44 Mildred, in: Fairgrieve (ed …”

Gerard-René de Groot, David de Groot Recognition of Civil Status (Certificates), with Special Attention to Secondary Recognition of Documents Already Recognized in Another Member State S. 283-298

„… authorities IV. 24 Recitals 17 and 48 and Art. 2(3). Art. 2(3)(b) states that the Regulation also does not …” „… particular family members of European citizens2, third country long term residents3 and Blue card holders.4 …” „… recognized in another EU Member State. I. 1 Art. 20(2)(a) and 21(1) TFEU. 2 Directive 2004/38/EC of the …”

Barbara Pasa Legal Translation Within the EU and the Shift of National Legal Paradigms S. 193-218

„… ions.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/431ccffd-00c2-491a-b423-ce709 af0d6c3, accessed 19.11.2018. 25 On the role of Legal Revisers see …” „… oparl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/note/join/2012/462442/IPOL-JURI_N T(2012)462442_EN.pdf, accessed 12.7.2018. 30 Šarčević, New Approach to …” „… ” used to convey the meaning of the source language in to the target language;2 on the other hand …”

Matthias Lehmann Towards New Horizons: Commenting and Codifying European Business Law S. 25-42

„… business law forms part of private law. It is therefore not surprising that special provisions for B2 …” „… Commercial Code (UCC) has led to virtually identical rules for B2B transactions in the 50 states, while …” „… reasons to begin with general contract rules, in particular their central function both for B2B and B2C …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas The Dialogue Between Courts Concerning Directive 93/13 with Special Regard to the Default Interest Terms S. 141-162

„… ) of unfair clauses in B2C contracts, however, includes on the grey list clauses that: “require a …” „… Spain.2 As we will see, the CJEU has always been extremely favourable towards consumer protection …” „… overdrafts cannot be charged interest at a rate that results in an annual rate of above 2.5 times the legal …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845298467

Klaus Heine, Oliver Budzinski - Wettbewerb, Recht und Wirtschaftspolitik

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Klaus Heine (ed.), Oliver Budzinski (ed.)

Wettbewerb, Recht und Wirtschaftspolitik

Series: Wettbewerb und Regulierung von Märkten und Unternehmen

Volume 62 2024

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Martina Eckardt Data Commons and the EU Data Act S. 241-258

„… and the EU Data Act249are in a B2B or B2C situation, we discuss these two cases separately. Themain …” „… set up and operate a data commons arecompletely different in a B2C situation. In contrast to business …” „… situations. In B2B situations data commons might be anattractive mode of governance for business users …”

Daniel Gill, Karsten K. Zolna, Diane Asobo Data Sharing for Collective Interests – Moving Beyond Exclusive Control S. 225-240

„… Act (DA)),2 seems to accept this exclusive control and pro‐vides data access and sharing rights that …” „… data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC, OJ L 119,04.05.2016.2 Proposal for a Regulation of the European …” „… Parliament and of the Council on harmo‐nized rules on fair access to and use of data (Data Act), COM(2022) 68 …”

Publikationsverzeichnis Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Kerber S. 331-349

„… Antitrust Bulletin, Vol.67 (2), 2022, 280-301.45. Specifying and Assigning "Bundles of Rights" on Data: An …” „… [Ko-Autoren: Enrico Böhme & Severin Frank].40. From (Horizontal and Sectoral) Data Access Solutions Towards …” „… DataGovernance Systems, in: J. Drexl (Hrsg.), Data Access, Consumer In‐terests and Public Welfare, Baden-Baden …”

Simonetta Vezzoso Innovation and knowledge-generating competition: A concept for our times S. 93-106

„… : https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/652e958b6972600014ccf9f6/Issues_statement__updated.pdf, (last access: 25. January 2024).Dosi, G …” „… (Part 2). We will finally emphasize how, in the cur‐rent phase of the digital economy characterized by …” „… (Part 3).2. Knowledge-generating competition: reshaping competition policy2.1. Kerber’s concept of …”

Roger van den Bergh, Franziska Weber Control of buyer power: which role (if any) for competition law? S. 73-92

„… markets in para1a (regarding access to data) and 3b (network effects).10 Also ‚passive Diskriminierung …” „… Bundeskartellamt of 03.07.2014, B2-58/09, Edeka Konditionenforderun‐gen – Verstoß gegen das "Anzapfverbot". This …” „… Bundeskartellamt/2016/B2 …”

Arndt Christiansen The SIEC Test in German Merger Control S. 159-178

„… area in figure 3, it covers an area35 Bundeskartellamt, File no. B2-83/20 - Kaufland/Real, Decision of …” „… 22/12/2020; File no.B2-85/20 - EDEKA/Real, Decision of 17/03/2021.36 E.g., Bundeskartellamt, file no. B …” „… . B2-85/20 - EDEKA/Real, paras 137 et seq.38 Bundeskartellamt, File no. B2-85/20 - EDEKA/Real, paras …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748943938

Sandra Schmitz - The Struggle in Online Copyright Enforcement

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Sandra Schmitz

The Struggle in Online Copyright Enforcement

Series: Luxemburger Juristische Studien - Luxembourg Legal Studies

Volume 8 2015

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B. National Enforcement Measures Against Users S. 243-517

„… ). B. National Enforcement Measures Against Users 259 6(2)). Data may be retained upon a user’s consent …” „… . B. National Enforcement Measures Against Users 247 tice, is the fact that Internet access providers …” „… access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them”. In addition, under Article 3(2 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… Protection Law and Information Rights2. 255 Data Protection Directive 95/46/ECa) 255 E-Privacy Directive …” „… Securing Internet Access dd) 363 Compliance of the Graduated Response Schemes With Secondary EU Law b) 364 …” „… Personal Data (1) 369 Processing of Data(2) 379 Disclosure of Personal Data(3) 385 Processing of Sensitive …”

B. The Technological and Legal Challenges of Online Copyright Enforcement S. 115-195

„… identification is that IP data is retained by the Internet service provider. However, under a) b) 388 Glenn …” „… rights-holders complain that data often are not retained long enough by Internet access providers to allow them …” „… crime generally and the risk to life and limb. Access to the data is however in all Member States …”

A. The Peer-to-Peer File-Sharer as the Addressee of Enforcement Measures S. 195-243

„… Blocking Access to The Pirate Bay (Working Paper, 22.08.2013), p. 2. 726 See expert report cited in High …” „… Approaches to Measure the Effects of Blocking Access to The Pirate Bay (Working Paper, 22.08.2013), p2. 732 …” „… variations.786 Exception or limitation for private copying is enshrined in Article 5(2)(b) of the InfoSoc …”

B. Enforcement Measures Directed at Intermediaries S. 565-719

„… . 2. 2026 Article 15(2) E-Commerce Directive. B. Enforcement Measures Directed at Intermediaries 569 …” „… rights-holders mentioned in Article 3(2) of the InfoSoc Directive. B. Enforcement Measures Directed at …” „… communications and search tools, access and recovery tools, access to a communications networks or data hosting …”

A. Online Intermediaries as the Addressees of Enforcement Measures S. 517-565

„… such services employ freemium models, where users may access a limited amount of data for free, and …” „… in such a way that the persons forming that public may access it. Article 3(2) of the InfoSoc …” „… directly online via streams on platforms such as Amazon or Netflix. Whilst consumer demand for easy access …”

A. The Status Quo – or How Did We Get to Where We AreToday? S. 49-115

„… WIPO Copyright Treaty and the WIPO Performances and Phonograms b) 118 Peer-to-peer (P2P) describes …” „… Exception or limitation for private copying is enshrined in Article 5(2)(b) of the InfoSoc Directive, which …” „… for in Article 2 in the following cases: ...(b) in respect of reproductions on any medium made by a …”

General Conclusions S. 719-747

„… warnings sent out in France, on which one has reliable data. B. Prospects 741 wilfully ignore the law, but …” „… m/transparencyreport/removals/ copyright/domains/?r =last-year (last accessed on 05.05.2014). B. Prospects 735 by BAE Systems …” „… Internet access providers and Internet users on the other hand – irrespective of whether the final sanction …”

List of References S. 747-789

„… -we b-loppsi-2-donne-pleins-pouvoirs-ministere-interieur-censurer-net (last accessed on 17.05.2014 …” „… , http://www.lix.polytechnique.fr/~tomc/P2P/Papers/AnonP2PSurvey.pd f (last accessed on 13.08.2013) Christiansen, Per, Störerhaftung des …” „… ), http://cis-india.org/internet-governance/intermediary-liability-in -india.pdf/view (last accessed on 17.05.2014) de Hert, Paul/Kloza, Dariusz, Internet (Access) as a …”

Introduction S. 21-49

„… German refusal of granting injunctions against access providers (B. III. 2.). Similar to the second …” „… the French approach (B. II. 1.) is compared to the approach in the UK (B. II. 2.), before the concerns …” „… letters was imported to the UK (B. III. 2.). On the basis of the prior assessment of criminal enforcement …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265872

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