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Ryan Shaffer - The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures

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Ryan Shaffer (ed.)

The Handbook of African Intelligence Cultures

2023

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Sandy Africa, Dimpho Deleglise 46 South Africa S. 615-626

„… 61546South AfricaCivilian Intelligence Services Caught between the Party and the StateSandy Africa …” „… political order.1This chapter examines South Africa’s intelligence culture through an analy-sis of the …” „… aspects of South Africa’s intelligence culture and its intrinsic link to the broader political culture …”

David Vogel 9 Central African Republic S. 107-120

„… , https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/central -african-republic/253-avoiding-worst-central-african-republic.27. Ibid.28. Melanie Ramjoué …” „… Central African Republic,” Africa Report, August 23, 2019, https://www.theafricareport.com/16511 …” „… emperor of Central Africa from 1976 to 1979. Yet to-ward the end of the decade, the Renseignements …”

Preface

„… the lives of Africa’s 1.3 billion people.1 Yet African intelligence services have not been examined as …” „… Africans’ involvement in intelligence. Most scholarship has been about South Africa’s apartheid …” „… Authoritarian Government 211Ryan Shaffer18 Eswatini: Intelligence Culture in Africa’s Absolute Monarchy 227Ryan …”

Contributors S. 793-806

„… services in a post-authoritarian democracy. Africa has worked extensively with African scholars …” „… journal ar-ticles. These have appeared in The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, African Studies …” „… Africa, including Liberia. Bøås’s most recently published books include Africa’s Insurgents: Navigating …”

Ryan Shaffer 18 Eswatini S. 227-238

„… Southern Africa’s Last Absolute Monar-chy Democratise?,” African Security Review 20, no. 2 (2011): 42–50 …” „… 22718EswatiniIntelligence Culture in Africa’s Absolute MonarchyRyan ShafferEswatini is one of the …” „… , https://freedomhouse.org/article/eswatini-end-use-lethal-force-against -protesters. 65. Helen Nyambura and Monique Vanek, “Africa’s Last Absolute Monarchy Eswatini …”

Ryan Shaffer 16 Equatorial Guinea S. 199-210

„… into one of Africa’s leading oil producers,” which went to the family of the president and connected …” „… Africa—an Audit of Russia’s Growing Economic and Military Footprint on the Continent,” Daily Maverick …” „… , https://africacenter.org/spotlight/surveillance-technology-in-africa -security-concerns/. 210 Chapter 1671. “China Agrees $2-billion Infrastructure Deal with …”

Ra Mason 14 Djibouti S. 173-184

„… /africa-us-military-bases-africom/. 27. “Info Sharing and Maritime Situational Awareness,” in Djibouti Code of Conduct (IMO, 2021 …” „… , https://www.africaintelligence.com/eastern -and-southern-africa_politics/2018/02/16/how-iog-intends-to-kill-off-his-political -allies …” „… Strategic Toehold in Africa,” African Affairs 73, no. 290 (1974): 95–104.41. “Macron Warns of Chinese Risk …”

Mopeli Moshoeshoe, Christopher Williams 26 Lesotho S. 335-352

„… close in 1995 that South Africa’s High Commissioner complained that the South African Secret Service had …” „… Imperatives and Military Preparations: New Insights into Why South Africa’s 1998 Intervention in Lesotho Went …” „… : South Africa and Lesotho’s Election of 2002,” Journal of Modern African Studies 41, no. 2 (2003): 285.84 …”

Martin R. Rupiya 20 Gabon S. 255-264

„… ,” Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 1985): 189; and Daniel Bourmaud, “France in Africa …” „… /africa/gabon-closes-border-cameroon-after-failed-coup-attempt. 27. Dylan Gamba, “Three Soldiers behind Gabon’s Failed 2019 Coup Jailed for 15 Years,” Yahoo …” „… the western part of Central Africa and has had only three presidents since gaining independence in …”

Lennart Bolliger 36 Namibia S. 473-486

„… against apartheid South Africa’s security forces in 474 Chapter 36a war that was closely linked to …” „… history of South West Africa/Namibia, see Marion Wallace, A History of Namibia: From the Beginning to 1990 …” „… nation-states, having gained independence from South Africa only in 1990 after a decades-long armed struggle. In …”

János Besenyö 45 Somalia S. 601-614

„… July 1, 1960, in northeastern Africa as a result of the unification of independent British Somaliland …” „… . Lewis, A Modern History of Somalia: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa (London: Westview Press, 1988 …” „… Military Intelligence Sum-mary: East Africa, Defense Intelligence Agency, 1987, 8, https://www.dia.mil/FOIA …”

Ketil Fred Hansen 10 Chad S. 121-134

„… Africa with a population of about seventeen million people, has experienced numerous violent conflicts …” „… intelligence in colonial Chad.6 In 1960, France’s civilian intelligence service established an Africa branch of …” „… by far the most significant recipient of French military aid in Africa, and the most radical …”

Jude Kagoro 6 Burundi S. 69-82

„… , https://www.voanews.com /africa/burundi-extends-bans-voa-bbc-deepening-media-crackdown. 45. “We Flee When We See Them …” „… Africa (CIPESA), the East Africa Law Society, the Pan African Lawyers Union (PALU), and the East and Horn …” „… violence.1 Burundi is a small landlocked country located in the heart of the Great Lakes region of Africa …”

Luca Bussotti, Laura António Nhaueleque 35 Mozambique S. 461-472

„… Trabalho, MPLA) in Angola. It was in collaboration with South Africa’s Bureau of State Security (BOSS) to …” „… Zimbabwe) and African National Congress in South Africa.4The hostile climate induced Mozambique to shift …” „… Reagan Foreign Policy toward South Africa: The Ideol-ogy of the New Cold War,” African Studies Review 27 …”

Paul Chiudza Banda 30 Malawi S. 391-404

„… 1889. He combined responsibilities for the unclaimed territory and dealings with Portuguese East Africa …” „… (now Mozambique). The protectorate’s first name was British Central Africa (BCA). In 1893 the name was …” „… changed to British Central Africa Protectorate (BCAP). Under the July 1907 constitution, the name changed …”

Gábor Sinkó 11 The Comoros S. 135-146

„… electoral system unlike any other], Africa News, February 24, 2016, https://fr.africanews.com/2016/02/24 …” „… , RENAMO) forces in Mozambique and later to Iran.13 South Africa and Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) al-legedly …” „… the Mozambican Civil War.14By the end of the 1980s, neither France nor South Africa wanted to …”

Adrien M. Ratsimbaharison, Juvence F. Ramasy 29 Madagascar S. 379-390

„… Life,” Africa Intelligence, 2006, https://www.africaintelligence.com/eastern-and-southern-africa …” „… ,” Africa Intelligence, 2021, https://www.africaintelligence .com/eastern-and-southern-africa …” „… , particu-larly in Indochina and North Africa. Indeed, after a brief use of the “partisan guards,” the French …”

Index S. 747-792

„… , map of, xvAfrican Lion exercise, 562African National Congress (ANC), South Africa, 22, 615–22, 624 …” „… , 737–39MUJAO. See Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West AfricaMukhabarat intelligence service, Egypt, 190 …” „… Africa, 615Pan Africanist Security Service (PASS), South Africa, 615Partnership for Regional East Africa …”

Ryan Shaffer 24 Guinea-Bissau S. 305-318

„… African Military Official.”47. “Africa’s Cocaine Coast,” Journeyman TV, 2021, https://www.journeyman.tv …” „… . “Africa’s Drug Problem,” New York Times, April 11, 2010, https://www.ny times.com/2010/04/11/magazine/11 …” „… Guinea-Bissau: Lessons from Africa’s First Narco-State (Washington, DC: Af-rica Center for Strategic Studies …”

David Andrew Omona 41 São Tomé and Príncipe S. 541-554

„… colonies in Africa—gained independence in 1975. Yet security threats continued. Following independence, the …” „… /world/americas/brazil-plans-naval-mission-in -africa.html. 57. 2009 Country Reports on Terrorism—Sao Tome and Principe (US Department of State …” „… /Who-we-are/Member-countries/Africa/SAO-TOME-PRINCIPE. 68. Ukeje and Ela, African Approaches to Maritime Security, 28. 69. Human Rights Watch, Uncertain …”

János Besenyö 55 Zimbabwe S. 731-746

„… served as a Cold War site in Africa. The Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) received assistance from …” „… between 1889 and 1914 by the British South Africa Company established by Cecil Rhodes.1 Then, under the …” „… , 1913–1980Intelligence activities were carried out in the 1880s and beyond by the Brit-ish South Africa …”

Jeremy S. Speight 12 Côte d’Ivoire S. 147-158

„… Land,” Africa Report, October 28, 2021, https://www.the africareport.com/141329 …” „… .lsi-africa.com/fr/actualite-africaine/cnr-terrorisme-services-de-renseignements.html; K. Richard Kouassi, “Vassiriki Traoré, nouveau patron des renseignements ex-térieurs” [Vassiriki …” „… factor unrelated to the crisis period: the growth of jihadist ter-rorist networks in West Africa and the …”

Ryan Shaffer 23 Guinea S. 291-304

„… , South Africa, Tur-key, and the United States. During 2009 South African and Israeli trainers (from …” „… the seventh largest source for gold in Africa and has diamond reserves. Yet the World Bank’s most …” „… , https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/guineas-top-minerals-risk-after-coup -2021-09-06/. 5. “Poverty & Equity Brief: Guinea,” World Bank, October 2020 …”

Ryan Shaffer 42 Senegal S. 555-568

„… Africa, but this should not imply that the African population all benefited.11 Following the Second World …” „… in West Africa. With a population of about sixteen million, the economy is largely dependent on …” „… groups that other Africa nations do, and it has not experienced a ter-rorist attack. Some police-led …”

Zsolt Szabó 13 The Democratic Republic of the Congo S. 159-172

„… Struggles with Security Issues in DRC,” Africa News, April 23, 2019, https://www.africanews.com/2019/04/23 …” „… ‘Africa’s Che Gue-vara,’” Deutsche Welle, January 15, 2016, https://www.dw.com/en/patrice-lumumba …” „… ,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, 2016, https://africacenter …”

Martin R. Rupiya 50 Togo S. 669-676

„… , https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-and-west-africa_business /2021/05/26/moscow-at-the-ready-to-equip-togolese-army,109668805-bre. 27. Hartmann, “ECOWAS and …” „… , https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51606972. 4. Anja Osei, “Like Father, Like Son? Power and Influence across Two Gnass-ingbé …” „… also “At the Helm,” Africa Confidential 38, no. 4 (January 31, 1997); “Last of the Dinosaurs,” Africa …”

Timothy Nicholson 49 Tanzania S. 655-668

„… Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1925–73,” Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 76, no. 2 …” „… Partnership for Regional East Africa Counterterrorism (PREACT). With the assistance of the United States …” „… , Tanzania hosts the re-gional East and Southern Africa Anti-Money Laundering Group. Additional US funding …”

Timothy Nicholson 40 Rwanda S. 527-540

„… most impressive in sub-Saharan Africa, averaging an annual 6–8% growth since 2003 thanks to successful …” „… one of the most densely settled countries in Africa, wherein Rwandans had little space to flee or …” „… he fled to Rwanda 533South Africa, where he was subsequently murdered. In 2020, Kagame ap-pointed …”

Ryan Shaffer 19 Ethiopia S. 239-254

„… /africa/ethiopia-says-many-soldiers-civilians-killed-tigray-conflict-2021-06-30/; Adam Taylor and Siobhán O’Grady, “What’s behind the Renewed Conflict in Ethio-pia’s …” „… on a British warship.21 Ultimately Italian East Africa, with its “top-heavy bureaucracy and …” „… offensives against the Axis in Africa.22 A key aspect of the resistance was the guerrilla unit’s use of …”

Ryan Shaffer 17 Eritrea S. 211-226

„… : Inside Africa’s Most Repressive State (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017), 11. 4. Ibid., 70. 5 …” „… (also known as “Wedi Meqelle”) as the head of operations on the Horn of Africa. In particular, he was …” „… /world/africa/eritrea-human-rights-abuses-afwerki-un-probe -crimes-against-humanity-committed.html. Eritrea 223 3. Martin Plaut, Understanding Eritrea …”

David Suarez 53 Western Sahara S. 703-716

„… , located in northwest Africa, has been the site of one of the longest-running international disputes on the …” „… agency in the Middle East and North Africa because of their ability to ensure national security and …” „… Africa. Overall, there seems to be no effort to reform the MINURSO mission by adding a critical human …”

Charlie Lizza Mali S. 405-418

„… , “Mali.” 9. A former US ambassador to Mali called the country “one of Africa’s most successful …” „… groups, including Ansar Dine and Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO), both of which …” „… of 2015, the MINUSMA included more than eleven thousand person-nel, primarily from Europe and Africa …”

Blanca Camps-Febrer 34 Morocco S. 445-460

„… and Malikite communities across West Africa. The northern African territory was coveted by European …” „… situated at the very northwest corner of Africa, between the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Sahara …” „… among global powers and as an entry point to West Africa for the United States (US) or China. Regional …”

Mirco Göpfert 37 Niger S. 487-498

„… , “Introduction: Africa’s Road to the War on Terror,” in Africa and the War on Terrorism, ed. John Davis …” „… Islamist group Ansar Dine and the Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO) seized power. The …” „… 103, no. 412 (2004): 459–64; and Jeremy Keenan, The Dark Sahara: America’s War on Ter-ror in Africa …”

Ryan Shaffer 44 Sierra Leone S. 585-600

„… Africa, the country has nearly seven million people, and its neighbors are Liberia and Guinea.2 Scholar …” „… momentous and unprecedented arrival of black settlers in Africa and Europe and Americas and the formation of …” „… -of-ons-within-national-security-architecture/. 47. International Institute for Strategic Studies, “Sub-Saharan Africa,” Military Balance 120 …”

Michael Yekple, Daniel Banini, and Philip Attuquayefio 22 Ghana S. 277-290

„… Security,” 26; and David Killingray, “The Maintenance of Law and Order in British Colonial Africa,” African …” „… Nkrumah’s vision of radical Pan-Africanism and African libera-tion.38 The regime inherited the colonial …” „… the opposition party.NOTES1. Johnny Kwadjo, “Changing Intelligence Dynamics in Africa: The Ghana …”

Ryan Shaffer 32 Mauritania S. 419-430

„… geography and population, it “is one of the largest and least populated countries of West Africa.”2 The …” „… Maghreb,” Journal of the Middle East and Africa 2, no. 1 (2011): 18.26. Ibid., 18, 19.27. See Article 67 …” „… , https://www.interieur.gov.mr/index.php/fr/node/26. 40. Ibid.41. International Institute for Strategic Studies, “Middle East and North Africa …”

Maggie Dwyer 21 The Gambia S. 265-276

„… , https://thepoint.gm /africa/gambia/article/nia-refutes-60-illiteracy-claim. The Gambia 27522. Mustapha K. Darboe …” „… , https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/more-than-60-of-nias -illiterate. 20. Ibid. 21. “NIA Refutes 60% Illiteracy Claim,” Point, June 9, 2017 …” „… , https://www.aneked.org/archives.32. Abdoulaye Saine, The Paradox of Third-Wave Democratization in Africa: The Gambia under …”

Ashton Robinson 43 Seychelles S. 569-584

„… South Africa, the Withers organization was to prove invaluable.In the early 1980s the Withers …” „… London, reported on MPR activity in South Africa and Australia, and em-bedded an operative within the …” „… Seychelles, one transnational and one external.These two challenges distinguish it from the rest of Africa …”

Ryan Shaffer 25 Kenya S. 319-334

„… the In-telligence System of Kenya,” in Changing Intelligence Dynamics in Africa, ed. Sandy Africa and …” „… , September 30, 2013, https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/28/world/africa/kenya-mall-attack/index.html. 86. Isaac …” „… , https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32169080. 89. David Mwere, “Kenya: Terror Groups Pose Biggest Threat to Kenya’s Security—NIS …”

Kasaija Phillip Apuuli 52 Uganda S. 691-702

„… , “The 1964 Army Mutinies and the Making of Modern East Africa,” Canadian Journal of African Studies 3 …” „… . Owino, “1964 Army Mutinies,” 201.11. Mark Leopold, Idi Amin: The Story of Africa’s Icon of Evil (New …” „… , officers of the Ugandan army became the highest paid soldiers in Anglophone Africa.11 The mutiny also …”

Hogr Tarkhani 15 Egypt S. 185-198

„… history and occupy-ing a strategic location in Africa, it also has one of the most advanced intel-ligence …” „… important for Africa and the Middle East.1 More broadly, Egypt’s history in the twentieth century has been …” „… economy, large popula-tion, control over the Suez Canal, and historical influence in Africa. With its …”

Manu Lekunze 8 Cameroon S. 95-106

„… states (currently part of Nigeria) and swept through West Africa.4 It created a multipolity state with a …” „… .”10 98 Chapter 8In 1916, during the First World War, the allies defeated Germany in Cen-tral Africa …” „… posture. An Islamist insur-gency by Boko Haram and the Islamic State, West Africa Province (ISWAP), mainly …”

Morten Bøås 27 Liberia S. 353-364

„… it was reported by Frontpage Africa that the NSA was surveilling the movements of a prominent …” „… Liberian humanitarian activ-ist, Dr. Daniel Cassell. According to Frontpage Africa, the reasons for this …” „… ,” ASPJ Africa & Francophonie (3rd quarter 2014): 19–47; and Niels Hahn, Two Centuries of US Military …”

Ernest Harsch 5 Burkina Faso S. 55-68

„… first major incursions, many inhabitants are Peulh (as Fulani are called in Francophone West Africa …” „… ). The region is also exceptionally poor, even by the standards of one of the poorest countries in Africa …” „… Thurston, Escalating Conflicts in Burkina Faso (Berlin: Rosa Luxem-burg Stiftung West Africa, 2019), 21.13 …”

Nuno Fragoso Vidal 2 Angola S. 15-28

„… Africa (Johannesburg: OSISA & African Minds, 2017), 1–43.30. Vital Moreira, “Presidencialismo …” „… supported by Cuban troops and Soviet military material, the MPLA repelled South African/UNITA attacks coming …” „… continued during the 1980s with a stronger UNITA, which was openly supported by South Africa and Zaire …”

Lawrence Ookeditse 4 Botswana S. 43-54

„… violations of Botswana’s territorial integrity by apartheid South Africa’s commandos. This act was, however …” „… activities in Southern Africa and this was followed in the early 1950s by the establishment of the …” „… private media in a country viewed by the west as the shining example of democracy in Africa.”39 Thus, the …”

Réjeanne Lacroix 28 Libya S. 365-378

„… state of Libya is located in the dynamic expanses of northeastern Africa, particularly the Maghreb and …” „… , Intervention in Libya: The Responsibility to Protect in North Africa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press …” „… , https://apnews.com/article/ae8c04523afe0a8f3d2209a9c745a8ec.21. “Death of Head of Libyan Intelligence Agency,” North Africa Post …”

Adam Charboneau 47 South Sudan S. 627-640

„… Africa, broken into ever smaller, ethni-cally based parts, for this would be all the harder to control …” „… ” (working paper, Africa Center for Strategic Studies, September 2020 …” „… South Sudan and Mali,” in China’s Evolving Approach to UN Peacekeeping in Africa (Norwegian Institute of …”

Madison Scholar 39 The Republic of the Congo S. 513-526

„… , and part of the Central African Republic, forming French Equatorial Africa.3 The city of Brazzaville …” „… , https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/congo-braz zaville-1960-present/.26. Ibid.27. Ibid.28. “The World Bank in the Republic of Congo,” World Bank …” „… . Brett L. Carter, “Something Is Happening in Congo-Brazzaville,” African-Arguments, June 20, 2017 …”

Florina Cristiana Matei, Jumana Kawar 51 Tunisia S. 677-690

„… Democratic Freedoms as the Case of Tunisia Shows,” Africa’s Country, December 11, 2019 …” „… world and second in the Middle East and North Africa region.11Under this newborn democracy, Tunisia has …” „… ) Report, August 11, 2015, 1–17. 3. Lawrence Cline, “The Case of Tunisia,” in Security Forces in African …”

Jeremy Gould 54 Zambia S. 717-730

„… communist designs on postcolonial Africa.The British government was eager to sustain lines of communication …” „… Phiri, “Zambia,” in Security and Democracy in Southern Africa, ed. Gavin Cawthra, Andre du Pisani, and …” „… . Competi-tion between the territorial (Northern Rhodesian) government and that of the Central African Federation …”

Réjeanne Lacroix 1 Algeria S. 1-14

„… North Africa, the Sahel and Sahara, sub-Saharan Africa, and Europe.”38 Yet Algeria can be considered a …” „… relevant continental organizations. Algeria is a member of the African Union (AU), where it has played a …” „… northern African security activities, which is evidenced by agreements or cooperation with the European …”

Joseph Fitsanakis 48 Sudan S. 641-654

„… security partners in sub-Saharan Africa, where al-Qaeda had made substantial inroads in the years leading …” „… Services Divested of Their Pot of Gold,” Africa Intel-ligence, May 6, 2020. See also Gallopin, “Sudan’s …” „… British colonial administrators to African nationalists and from communists to Islamists. At the same time …”

Juste Codjo 3 Benin S. 29-42

„… ),” https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/sub-saharan-africa-region/dahomey benin-1960-present/.3. Adjusted for inflation, $20 in 1964 was the equivalent of $169 in 2021.4 …” „… growth of violent extremism and terror threats in the West African and Sahel region. For several years …”

Olasupo Thompson 38 Nigeria S. 499-512

„… and to counter foreign intelligence such as the Soviet influence in West Africa.6 The unit reported to …” „… ), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and African Union (AU) also have shaped how the SSS …” „… , “Nigeria’s Intelligence System: An Analysis,” African Spectrum 22, no. 2 (1987): 183; and Oba Adetunji, “The …”

Linganaden Murday 33 Mauritius S. 431-444

„… described it as one of the most democratic countries in the world and the only full democracy in Africa.4 …” „… east of the African continent, with a population of about 1.4 million people.3 Since gaining its …”

Nilton Fernandes Cardoso, João Paulo Madeira 7 Cabo Verde S. 83-94

„… Directive C/DIR. 1/08/11 of the Economic Community of West Af-rican States (ECOWAS), aimed at gradual …” „… .30 Politician Humberto Cardoso’s Movement for Democracy (MpD) warning in 2015 that the African Party …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538159989

Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Alexander Paterson, Oliver C. Ruppel, Bibobra Bello Orubebe, Emmanuel D. Kam Yogo - Law | Environment | Africa

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Patricia Kameri-Mbote (ed.), Alexander Paterson (ed.), Oliver C. Ruppel (ed.), Bibobra Bello Orubebe (ed.), Emmanuel D. Kam Yogo (ed.)

Law | Environment | Africa

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 38 2019

Results in this title

Alexander Paterson Law, environment, Africa: introducing the imperatives, parameters and trends S. 21-30

„… built. Yet Africa’s ecosystems are changing faster than ever before through the combined impact of …” „… use of its terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Realising Africa’s desired development trajectory …” „… environmental law research to assist Africa’s law and policymakers to craft and implement legal frameworks that …”

Joseph Magloire Ngang Water resources management and environmental sustainability in west and central Africa S. 545-560

„… all of sub-Saharan Africa. ____________________ 21 Central African Republic Humanitarian Fund (2017 …” „… )(a)(b)(c)(d)(e). 36 Ibid: Article VII(3). 37 UN Water/Africa (2000). 38 African Development Bank (2009 …” „… Africa Joseph Magloire Ngang 1 Introduction Shaken by decades of crisis, water resource management …”

Michael Kidd Pollution of water in South Africa by untreated sewage: addressing the governance issues S. 411-428

„… problem of pollution of South Africa’s water resources by untreated sewage over recent years. Not only is …” „… apparent below. 3.2 The relevant legal framework in South Africa South Africa’s constitutional structure …” „… ) “A critical look at South Africa’s Green Drop Programme” 42(4) Water SA 703-710. Qukula, Q (2015 …”

Irekpitan Okukpon Water security and environmental justice in Nigeria and South Africa: achievable concord or discordant alliance? S. 561-586

„… influencing the sustainable use of South Africa’s indigenous woodlands” 7(2) South African Journal of …” „… 90% of South Africa is categorised as arid, semi-arid or sub-humid.78 South Africa’s economy is …” „… ). Inequality of access to water resources marked South Africa’s history profoundly.87 The water law framework …”

Olivia Rumble Climate change legislative development on the African continent S. 31-60

„… Services (2017). Climate change legislative development on the African continent 45 4 South Africa’s …” „… Africa’s greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential analysis. South African Department of Environmental …” „… African Department of Environmental Affairs (2016a) South Africa’s draft national adaptation strategy …”

Amanda Mkhonza Improving the legal protection of strategic water source areas: a South African perspective S. 453-478

„… Africa’s water supply for current and future generations is a grave concern and challenge. Heeding this …” „… water scarce country, South Africa’s water security is perilous. The country is experiencing its worst …” „… through existing legislation? South Africa’s water regime historically focused on supply management …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

Oluwatoyin Adejonwo-Osho Nigeria’s commitments under the climate change Paris Agreement: legislative and regulatory imperatives towards ensuring sustainable development S. 61-82

„… change, strengthened by Africa’s weak capacity for adaptation and mitigation.12 According to the IPCC …” „… . Africa’s major economic sectors are vulnerable to current climate sensitivity, with huge economic impacts …” „… disasters and conflicts. These, in turn, have contributed to Africa’s weak adaptive capacity, increasing …”

Pamela Towela Sambo The Environmental Management Act (2011): a basis for the growth of an environmental ethos and good environmental governance in Zambia? S. 647-664

„… ) “Environmental crime in sub-Saharan Africa – a review and future challenges” 43(2) South African Journal of …” „… Republic of Zambia is located in south-central Africa. It is bordered to the north by Tanzania and the …” „… 16.8 million people, the population density in Zambia is among the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa …”

Esther Effundem Njieassam An analysis of environmental impacts of timber exploitation on indigenous communities’ land in Cameroon S. 697-724

„… : prospects for a comprehensive treaty for the management of Africa’s natural resources” 21(3) African …” „… monikers as ‘Africa in miniature’ (because of its diversity in landscapes); ‘Mecca of African soccer …” „… ’ (because of its legendary performance in soccer); and ‘Africa’s crossroads between west and east …”

Christopher F. Tamasang Forests, forest rights, benefit-sharing and climate change implications under Cameroonian law S. 137-164

„… corruption risks for Africa’s forests: case studies from Cameroon, Ghana, Zambia and Zimbabwe …” „… conservation and development projects within the framework of multiple land use systems in Central Africa” in …” „… ˂www.mdpi.com/journal/environments˃ (accessed 12-10-2017). Blomley, T (2013) Lessons learned from community forestry in Africa and …”

Oliver C. Ruppel, Mark B. Funteh Climate change, human security and the humanitarian crisis in the Lake Chad Basin region: selected legal and developmental aspects with a special focus on water governance S. 105-136

„… of Africa from colonialism, African leaders chose to keep colonial boundaries for the interest of …” „… Africa and to Establish the Central African Forests Commission (COMIFAC) (2005). COMIFAC is the body …” „… and regional integration in Africa” 7 African Research Review 196-216. ICG / International Crisis …”

Nerima Akinyi Were The conflict between privatisation and the realisation of the right to water in Kenya S. 497-518

„… should borrow a leaf from the South African water laws regime. Section 4(3)(c) of South Africa’s Water …” „… Africa’s Water Services Act (108 of 1997) that provides that discontinuation of services shall not result …” „… Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol), through Article 15, recognises the state’s obligation to …”

Emmanuel D. Kam Yogo The Lake Chad Basin Water Charter: strengths and weaknesses S. 587-604

„… conceivable in Central Africa in another subregional organisation, the Central African Forests Commission …” „… Central Africa and Establishing the Central African Forest Commission adopted in 2005 in Brazzaville. …” „… 1 Introduction Lake Chad, the fourth largest lake in Africa after Lakes Victoria, Tanganyika and …”

Andrew Muma Access and benefit sharing: beyond the Nagoya Protocol and its ideals S. 293-314

„… provisions at the national level has been slow in Africa, owing to: a lack of ‘user measures’; the absence …” „… eastern Africa” 5(4) Journal of Sustainable Tourism 306-321. Becker, LC (1977) Property rights …” „… books. Brink, M (2013) Implementation of access and benefit sharing policies in sub-Sahara Africa …”

Morakinyo Adedayo Ayoade Bridging the gap between climate change and energy policy options: what next for Nigeria? S. 83-104

„… developing a common negotiation position for its member countries. Thus, enhancing Africa’s negotiating and …” „… . Other climate change governance activities are undertaken through the New Partnership for Africa’s …” „… in Africa that also controls its largest natural gas reserves. Unfortunately, the country is …”

Phiona Muhwezi Mpanga Institutional and legal challenges to realising clean and safe water for all in Uganda S. 479-496

„… Africa/Uganda-CLIMATE.html> (accessed 17-5- 2018). 4 See (accessed 17-5-2018). 5 …” „… profile for Uganda, the country ranked below the trends in sub-Saharan Africa. The indicators provide a …” „… out of 187 countries with comparable data. In comparison the HDI of sub-Saharan Africa was 0.497 …”

Patricia Kameri-Mbote Wildlife conservation and community property rights in Kenya S. 221-246

„… African (18-9-2016). Olowu, D & J Wunsch (eds) (2004) Local governance in Africa: the challenges of …” „… land. With regard to group ranches, the Report of the East Africa Royal Commission of 1953-1955 …” „… Constitution of Kenya (1983) (Repealed). 9 East Africa Royal Commission (1955). 10 Chapter 287 of the Laws …”

Mekete Bekele Tekle Policy, regulatory and institutional frameworks relevant to Ethiopian water governance S. 519-544

„… Africa’s conflicts 251. GRAIN (2012) Squeezing Africa dry: behind every land grab is a water grab, at …” „… , hydrological and climatological characteristics with a strategic location in the Horn of Africa region. It …” „… . For these reasons, it is considered to be the water tower Horn of Africa.1 Regardless of receiving …”

Bibobra Bello Orubebe Integrating climate change in the environmental impact assessment process: challenges and prospects in Nigeria S. 627-646

„… Lecturers in African Universities (ASSELLAU), lawyers from Africa, like their counterparts from elsewhere …” „… Africa’s biggest economy – IMF” Vanguard (19-10-2016), at africa/nigeria.html> (accessed 27-2- 2018). 2 Udo (1970: 1-2). 3 Ibid. 4 Nigeria’s National Population Commission …”

Edna Odhiambo Regulatory preparedness for non-motorised transport in Nairobi S. 201-220

„… ) Facing Africa’s cities. The imperative of local investment. Sims R, R Schaeffer, F Creutzig, X …” „… ). Dafflon, B & T Madiès (2013) The political economy of decentralization in sub-Saharan Africa: a new …” „… integration into urban transport planning in Africa. Nabutola, W (2012) National urban development policy …”

Kariuki Muigua Utilising Kenya’s marine resources for national development S. 375-392

„… (2016) Africa’s blue economy: a policy handbook. UNFAO / United Nations Food and Agricultural …” „… Agreement in November 2010, is a member of the Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa (CIFA), a founding …” „… member of Aquaculture Network for Africa (ANAF), a member of the FAO Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC …”

Jean-Claude Ashukem Public participation in environmental decision-making in Cameroon – myth or reality? S. 357-374

„… Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 (South Africa); Section 2(2)(b) of the Ugandan National Environment …” „… to foreign agro-investment governance in Cameroon, Uganda and South Africa LLD thesis, North-West …” „… & C Bocchino (2016) “South Africa: participation principle and protected areas” in P Martin, B Boer …”

Hadijah Yahyah REDD+ and benefit sharing: an examination of the legal framework in Uganda S. 175-200

„… Union (AU), Pan African Parliament and Africa Court of Justice, 1981; African Charter on Human and …” „… Development (NEPAD), 2001; Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) Treaty, 1993; and the …” „… wastes in Africa. Implementation of the REDD+ will benefit from experiences and lessons learned from …”

Godard Busingye Making the case for gender and environmental considerations in the regulatory framework relating to the Uganda-Tanzania crude oil pipeline project S. 605-626

„… economic development in Africa” African Journal of Political Science, at …” „… contribute to job creation and employment on an equivalent scale. This is because Africa as a whole, through …” „… ) Vision 2050, at africa-platform.org/sites/default/files/resources/eac_vision_2050_february …”

Daniel Armel Owona Mbarga Indigenous peoples and climate change in Cameroon S. 165-174

„… African context.21 Indeed, except in specific cases such as the San people in southern Africa and the …” „… Pygmies in central Africa, all Africans are indigenous because they have always lived in this territory …” „… its Working Group on Indigenous Populations/Communities, the African Commission on Human and Peoples …”

Marie Ngo Nonga Criminal law protection of wildlife reserves in Cameroon S. 247-266

„… Introduction Given its privileged geographical situation, nearly 92% of Africa’s ecosystems are represented …” „… South Africa which became the Krüger National Park in 1898. In Cameroon, the first protected areas were …” „… protected animal species in Africa.6 It also has a varied biological diversity. Despite the exceptional …”

Erimma Gloria Orie Ecosystem services: legal issues on Nigeria’s wetlands S. 315-334

„… Nations Environment Programme (2012) Putting ecosystem management in the vision of Africa’s development …” „… diversity. The mangroves in this environment are the largest remaining tract in Africa18 and also the …” „… dev/unep/document/putting-ecosystemmanagement-vision-africa’s-development-towards-sustainable-green-economy> (accessed 30-7- 2018). US AID (2008) Nigerian biodiversity and tropical assessment. Votteler …”

Lanre Aladeitan, Robert Alex Wabunoha, Chidinma Therese Odaghara Harnessing oil as natural resource wealth: a focus on the legal frameworks of Nigeria and Uganda S. 267-292

„… complete”.2 It is a matter of debate whether resource-rich states in Africa use the resources for the …” „… Africa and has the ninth largest reserve in the world.8 It, however, faces challenges that affect value …” „… Corporations 12. Nakangu, BB (2016) NRGF challenges and opportunities in eastern and southern Africa NRGF …”

Gift Dorothy Makanje The Environmental Management Act (2017) and natural resource regulation in Malawi: opportunities for and limitations to effective enforcement S. 393-410

„… Overview of Malawi’s environment Malawi is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa which …” „… & W Du Plessis (eds) The balancing of interests in environmental law in Africa 219-260. Ministry of …”

Collins Odote The role of the Environment and Land Court in governing natural resources in Kenya S. 335-356

„… environmental law: giving force to fundamental principles in Africa” 26 Columbia Journal of Environmental Law …” „… Odote (2009-2010) “Courts as champions of sustainable development: lessons from East Africa” 10(1) Fall …” „… is taken or not taken by the many African countries currently engaged in constitutional reviews in …”

Elizabeth Gachenga Kenya’s Water Act (2016): real devolution or simply the ‘same script, different cast’ S. 429-452

„… Aarts, J (2012) Will community-based water management solve Africa’s water problems? The performance of …” „… Kenya: teething problems or systemic contradictions?” XLII(1) Africa Development 55. Kildea, P & G …”

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Richard Scholz

Industrializing Africa

Series: Weltwirtschaft und internationale Zusammenarbeit

Volume 21 2018

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Benchmarking structural change in Africa S. 88-111

„… Africa, I compare the manufacturing share of African economies and its corresponding GDP per capita level …” „… results of equation 2; filled circles indicate the values in 2010 South Africa, the largest African …” „… structural deviations in Africa’s manufacturing sector, figure 17 compares the employment and value added …”

A short economic history of Africa S. 42-87

„… African economic history and would intensify the Eurocentric view on Africa. Therefore, the chapter …” „… bases. Islam did not destroy traditional structures in Africa but rather took a distinctly African form …” „… Sahara, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean, about 22 million Africans in total were exported from Africa …”

Africa – the limbo of the international system? S. 176-218

„… multiregional input-output table calculated from the GTAP Africa Database to assess Africa’s position in the …” „… comparative ad- 5 Africa – the limbo of the international system? 179 vantage for African economies and …” „… data includes 61 economies but no other African economies besides South Africa. I use the constructed …”

References S. 253-280

„… Statistics in Africa: Special Focus on GDP Measurement. African Development Bank (AfDB) (2014): In-Depth …” „… Chains and Africa's Industrialisation. African Economic Outlook. Paris: OECD Publishing. African …” „… African Growth Perceptions. In: Africa Spectrum, 50 (3), 123–138. Asche, H. (2015b): Europe, Africa, and …”

Introduction S. 21-41

„… development program New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) as well as the African Peer Review …” „… Africa’s position in the international economic system. I give insight into particular sectors of African …” „… Africa’s comparative advantages (Soludo & Ogbu 2004). The policies of structural adjustment finally …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… : an African development paradigm? 83 3 Benchmarking structural change in Africa 88 3.1 Data set and …” „… 168 4.3.3.3 Linkages in single African economies 171 4.3.4 Interim conclusion 174 5 Africa – the …” „… Commission for Africa ECCAS Economic Community for Central African States ECLAC Economic Commission …”

What is special with the manufacturing sector? S. 112-175

„… in Africa. Of course, this pattern is not applicable for all African economies: In South Africa …” „… chapter. 4.2 Testing Verdoorn’s law in Africa As explained, African economies face huge productivity …” „… indication of sectoral returns to scale for African economies. The sectoral capital stock for South Africa …”

Statistical annex S. 229-252

„… ; sample: Africa dep. var: AGR MIN MAN CON PU WRT TSC FIRE GCSP SER C -5.59 -16.9 -4.96 -17.8 -11.5 -0.9 …” „… % Tanzania 46.22 1296 4.05% 59 902 9.26 3.30% South Africa 50.59 9678 2.32% 489 587 12.80 6.50% Zambia …” „… % South Africa 12% 7.0% -4.5% -6.4% 5.2% -1.8% -1.1% -1.0% -7.3% -12% Zambia 15% 2.3% -5.9% -2.4% 3.7 …”

Résumé S. 219-228

„… Africa and the establishment of the European mercantile trade system are turning points in the African …” „… Africa’s latecomer economies. The trend may also suggest that services will take the role of manufacturing …” „… 219 6 Résumé Africa is often said to be the enclave of the economic world system stagnating in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845293769

Claus Kreß, Bruce Broomhall, Flavia Lattanzi, Valeria Santori - The rome statute and domestic Vol.II

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Claus Kreß (ed.), Bruce Broomhall (ed.), Flavia Lattanzi (ed.), Valeria Santori (ed.)

The rome statute and domestic Vol.II

2006

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SlVUYILE S. MAQUNGO SOUTH AFRICA S. 360-373

„… SIVUYILE S. MAQUNGO* SOUTH AFRICA I. The National Implementation of the Rome Statute The …” „… Republic of South-Africa to co-operate with the ICC in investigation and prosecution of persons accused of …” „… MAQUNGO, lmplementing the lCC Statute in South Africa, in Kreß and Lattanzi F. (eds.), "The Rome Statute …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-25

„… Department of Foreign Affairs, South Africa. Mr. Maqungo has been part of the South African Delegation to the …” „… comparative research has extended beyond its prior focus on southern Africa and Europe and has evolved to a …” „… Fife), Poland (Beata Ziorkiewicz), Slovenia (Marko Bosnjak and Dean Zagorac), South Africa (Sivuyile …”

Claus Kreb, Bruce Broomhall IMPLEMENTING COOPERATION DUTIES UNDER THE ROME STATUTE-, A COMPARATIVE SYNTHESIS S. 544-577

„… into a national arrest warrant; some States (South Africa, United Kingdom) require instead the …” „… other relief. South Africa's Act is similar, mandating judicial review only with regard to identity …” „… , Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and South Africa indicate that those States would, in fact, allow …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258607

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Konstantin von Busekist

International Compliance

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2016

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. South Africa S. 534-567

„… pointers for legal compliance in South Africa. II. Compliance management by South African companies: Key …” „… work in South Africa. A foreign national (i. e. an individual who is not a South African citizen or who …” „… of weaknesses in the South African regulatory system. Due to these weaknesses, in 2011, South Africa …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… ) ................................................................................................ 505 § 23. South Africa (De Bruyn/Berger/Botha …” „… , KPMG Services (Pty) Ltd, South Africa Bhattacharjee, Subrata: Partner, Borden Ladner Gervais LLP …” „… , KPMG Services (Pty) Ltd, South Africa von Busekist, Konstantin, Dr.: Lawyer, Tax Consultant, Partner …”

. Germany S. 201-234

„… turnkey power plant financed by a government to pipes for a water purification project in Africa financed …”

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