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Nataša Vujinović - Public Political Risk Investment Insurance

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Nataša Vujinović

Public Political Risk Investment Insurance

Series: Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht

Volume 45 2022

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E. Proposals for an EU approach S. 450-462

„… Proposals for an EU approachAs already elaborated, EU has exclusive competence in the field of …” „… best practices, offer proposals for and contemplations on the main provisions for harmonisation. As …” „… directive. Therefore, annexed to this dissertation is a concrete proposal of the Directive on harmonisation …”

G. Annex – Author’s proposal for the Directive on harmonisation of the main provisions concerning public PRI for FDI in third countries S. 469-484

„… Annex – Author’s proposal for the Directive on harmonisation of the main provisions concerning …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-17

„… comparative advantages of the public PRI schemes and proposals for their future development4.74The Berne Union …” „… compared with Germany3. 447Interim summary4. 449Proposals for an EU approachE. 450ConclusionF. 463Annex …” „… – Author’s proposal for the Directive on harmonisation of the main provisions concerning public PRI for FDI …”

C. Political risk investment insurance systems S. 98-172

„… ) 31.98the early 1960s, several proposals for the establishment of a multilateral insurance provider were …” „… OECD’s proposal, the World Bank announced in 1961 that it would undertake a study of ‘the possibility of …” „… further information, see ibid 31–32; William Conant Brewer, ‘The Proposal for Investment Guarantees by an …”

H. Bibliography S. 485-506

„… ), International Investment Law (Nomos 2015)H.485Bismuth R, ‘Screening the Commission’s Regulation Proposal …” „… the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency’ (1986) 27 Harv Int’l LJ 735Brewer WC, ‘The Proposal for …” „… Investment Insurance: the OECD Proposal’ (1967) 8 Harv Int’l L J 280Mayorga O, ‘Arbitrating War: Military …”

F. Conclusion S. 463-468

„… lot of thought has been put into the development of the proposal for the directive on harmonisation of …”

D. Detailed analyses of public PRI schemes of MIGA and EU MSs S. 173-449

„… so requires, the Secretary of State for Trade, on the proposal 1116 EGAP General Insurance Conditions …”

B. Introductory analyses of the core terms and issues S. 25-97

doi.org/10.5771/9783748932390

Benedikt Zanker - On the Viability of an International Lender of Last Resort

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Benedikt Zanker

On the Viability of an International Lender of Last Resort

Series: Aktuelle Materialien zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 73 2007

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The Calomiris Proposal S. 78-80

„… important objection stems from the prominent role the IMF would take under the proposal. Not only would the …” „… proposal goes to considerable length in ensuring that the final diction on a debt restructuring proposal …” „… incentives to reach an agreement either party may simply refuse to consent to any proposal until the …”

Governance Reform Proposals S. 275-279

„… rarely reject proposals backed by the Fund’s largest shareholders is not exclusively due to the practice …” „… improving perceptions regarding the Fund’s legitimacy. 10.3.1 Governance Reform Proposals The international …” „… proposal would be to increase the share of basic votes to its 1944 level of 11.3 percent of the total …”

Improved Transparency and Higher Regulatory Standards S. 68-71

„… 68 3. Selected Proposals to Increase Global Financial Stability As both character and origin of …” „… financial crises can vary considerably, it is not surprising that numerous proposals and recommendations …” „… . Very often, proposals address specific aspects of countries’ vulnerability to financial crises …”

A Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism S. 76-78

„… 76 The proposal to create a world currency is an extension of the idea of creating a global central …” „… economies or universal, a world currency is unrealistic for the same reasons as Garten’s proposal of a world …” „… proposal as politically viable measure to increase global financial stability: A global central bank would …”

An International Credit Insurance S. 71-72

„… was to provide at reasonable cost guarantees for international loans. Under the proposal a new …” „… lenders. Ideally, the proposal would result in a reduction of excessive lending while up to a sustainable …” „… absence of official sector bail-outs for uninsured loans. In Soros’ proposal, the new institution would be …”

Opposition by Developed Countries and the G-7 S. 331-336

„… political environment must concede that a comprehensive reform of the IMF along the lines of this proposal …” „… is rather unlikely. While some features of the proposal are likely to command support with the Fund’s …” „… proposals by IMF staff suggest that the advantages of putting more emphasis on exante conditionality are …”

Structure of the Analysis S. 42-46

„… chapters. Chapter 3 provides a short overview of current proposals to reform the global financial …” „… alternative proposals addressing the problem of financial instability. About half of the proposals introduced …” „… central bank The remainder comprises the group of recommendations and proposals more specifically related …”

Concerns on the Effectiveness of Collective Action Clauses S. 303-309

„… to decide on whether to approve or reject a restructuring proposal. Aggregated voting would …” „… Schwartz, for example, not only strictly opposes IMF proposals to create a formal SDRM, but argues that the …” „… that a formal SDRM is as market-based a solution as the proposals supported …”

The Tobin Tax S. 72-74

„… the idea12. The proposal’s central idea is to levy taxes on currency transactions in order to curb …” „… would become insignificant. Although numerous versions of the proposals are circulating, most discuss an …” „… by-product of the initial proposal, worldwide lobbying for a …”

A World Currency S. 75-76

„… difficulties as the International Monetary Fund today. 3.1.5 A World Currency In contrast to most proposals …” „… policy18. His proposal was based on the belief that steady growth in international trade and capital …” „… Richard Cooper. 1984. “A Monetary System for the Future.” Foreign Affairs. Vol. 63, No. 1 76 The proposal …”

The Report by the Independent Task Force S. 80-84

„… the criteria necessary for membership. Among the objections made to this proposal de-facto suggesting …” „… ’ proposal by arguing that the international community cannot credibly commit to stand idle when the default …” „… 22. 3.2.3 The Report by the Independent Task Force In contrast to other proposals, the report by the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… ............................................................................ 66 3. Selected Proposals to Increase Global Financial Stability .................... 68 3.1 General …” „… Proposals to Increase Global Financial Stability .................... 68 3.1.1 Improved Transparency and …” „… ...................................................................................... 75 3.2 Proposals Addressing the Role of the IMF ............................................. 76 …”

Regional Monetary Cooperation S. 337-341

„… Fund’s legitimacy and effectiveness in increasing global financial stability. The proposal described in …” „… policies would decline considerably. Japan’s flotation of a proposal to create an Asian Monetary Fund in …” „… . The proposal received a warm welcome by many Southeast Asian countries and was supported by all …”

Conclusion S. 88-89

„… framework’s credibility considerably. 3.3 Conclusion All proposals described above aim at increasing the …” „… . Proposals to introduce a Tobin tax and approaches focussing on data dissemination standards and financial …” „… purpose of crisis prevention. Other proposals attempt to increase the capacity of the international …”

A Code of Good Conduct S. 294-297

„… choose litigation over accepting a haircut is naturally attractive. 11.3 Proposals to Facilitate …” „… creditors and refrain from litigation and disruption of resolution efforts. A number of different proposals …” „… exist to achieve this objective and overcome freerider problems: Apart from the proposal to create a …”

Principles for Effective Liquidity Assistance S. 311-313

„… 311 12. A Proposal The IMF can be no International Lender of Last Resort as defined by Walter …” „… , but around a crisis. Under the reform proposal advanced below the Fund’s capacity to reduce both …” „… those suggested in a number of rival proposals. The reason is that for effecttively discharging its …”

The Köhler Approach: Procedural Changes S. 86-88

„… framework’s credibility considerably. 3.3 Conclusion All proposals described above aim at increasing the …” „… . Proposals to introduce a Tobin tax and approaches focussing on data dissemination standards and financial …” „… purpose of crisis prevention. Other proposals attempt to increase the capacity of the international …”

A Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism S. 300-303

„… a similar problem arising in the future32. In Krueger’s initial proposal a country struggling to …” „… restructuring proposal that includes a haircut when domestic creditors are being repaid in full. Second, in case …” „… issues to decide on whether to approve or reject a restructuring proposal. Aggregated voting would …”

A Global Central Bank S. 74-75

„… becoming liable to transaction taxes. 3.1.4 A Global Central Bank One of the most radical proposals put …” „… transactions. Under Garten’s proposal, the global central bank would be controlled by a board of governors …” „… International Monetary Fund today. 3.1.5 A World Currency In contrast to most proposals that try to find ways of …”

Financial Market Theory S. 33-42

„… to all public information such as earnings statements, merger proposals, official releases or any …” „… overview of current proposals to reform the global financial architecture. Its aim is not to provide a …” „… comprehensive literature review, but to introduce selected alternative proposals addressing the problem of …”

Voting Power at the IMF S. 264-275

„… country directors blocked a proposal advanced by G-7 directors regarding interest charges on IMF loans and …” „… succeeded in achieving an adjusted proposal more aligned to their interests …” „… can veto any decision or reform proposal that requires either 70 or 85 percent of total votes to pass …”

Changes Inside the IMF S. 341-344

„… abandon their scepticism regarding regional cooperation in Asia and efforts to undermine proposals similar …” „… . Similarly, the pre-qualification criteria defined in this reform proposal aim to ensure that only …” „… this problem within the organisation itself. Furthermore, the underlying rationale of the proposal laid …”

Market-based Approach as the Way Forward S. 309-310

„… is far easier to implement than any statutory proposal. Although both approaches would improve on the …” „… November 2001, support began vanishing during the following year. Although the proposal for a formal …” „… dropped the SDRM proposal in spring 200358. 58 …”

The Lacking Clout of Developing Economies S. 336-337

„… , indicates that the reform proposal would be likely to find support by many emerging market policy makers …” „… liquidity assistance by the Fund has been significantly reduced makes the proposal described above far more …” „… global financial stability. The proposal described in chapter 12 suggests operational procedures that …”

Need for Reform S. 293-294

„… choose litigation over accepting a haircut is naturally attractive. 11.3 Proposals to Facilitate …” „… creditors and refrain from litigation and disruption of resolution efforts. A number of different proposals …” „… exist to achieve this objective and overcome freerider problems: Apart from the proposal to create a …”

Bibliography S. 347-374

„… . 1999. Towards a New International Financial Architecture: A Practical Post-Asia Proposal. Washington …” „… Economic Research Frankel, Jeffrey. 1999. “Soros’ Split Personality: Scanty Proposals from the Financial …” „… Debt Proposal. October 7, 2002. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute 360 Humphrey, Thomas M …”

Political Difficulties S. 279-281

„… proposal that would diminish their influence over IMF policies. Accordingly, reforms can only succeed if …” „… , particularly the latter argument appears exaggerated. All realistic proposals for a reallocation of quotas …”

New Money Approach S. 283-286

„… 1990s—the most prominent being the proposal to create a formal Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism …” „… proposal further point out that over the last 20 years a large number of successful debt restructurings …”

Access to Large-scale Liquidity Assistance S. 317-322

„… endorsed in this reform proposal to ensure that disbursing emergency loans is an appropriate response …” „… correspond to those devised by IMF and IDA in their proposal for a debt sustainability framework for …”

Lessons and Implications S. 66-67

„… . Despite the subjectivity of policy proposals, four lessons appear less dependent on the particularities of …”

Governance Reform and Pre-qualification S. 281-282

„… , particularly the latter argument appears exaggerated. All realistic proposals for a reallocation of quotas …”

Funding Issues S. 327-328

„… Transition Period A proposal to restructure the IMF into an institution operating similarly to an …”

Transition Period S. 328-330

„… effects has been suggested by Calomiris7: Under his proposal originally developed for the Japanese banking …”

The Meltzer Report S. 84-86

„… . Under the IFIAC proposal membership at the IMF would require countries to report on their economic and …”

Interests of Borrowing Countries S. 253-255

„… opposition is therefore likely to accept reform proposals it would normally have voted down in parliament …”

The Case for an International Lender of Last Resort S. 107-109

„… international central bank as well as a common unit of currency named Bancor. These proposals were subsequently …”

Fundamental Differences between International and Domestic Settings S. 109-111

„… common unit of currency named Bancor. These proposals were subsequently dropped and instead the …”

Evaluation S. 63-66

„… subjectivity of policy proposals, four lessons appear less dependent on the particularities of specific crisis …”

Successful Restructurings S. 287-290

„… agrees on a restructuring proposal with a debtor country, hold-out creditors have the ability to prevent …”

Collective Action Clauses S. 297-300

„… initial proposal a country struggling to meet its debt obligations would approach the IMF acting as a kind …”

Problems due to Renegade Creditors S. 290-293

„… restructuring proposal with a debtor country, hold-out creditors have the ability to prevent the necessary debt …”

IMF Voting Weights S. 260-264

„… limited number of strategic and reform proposals. Operational control and day-today management is …”

Creditor Country Interests S. 255-259

„… . While Hanke’s claim that IMF opposition to his currency board proposal for Indonesia was based on U.S …”

Lending Rules Governing ELA Facilities S. 323-327

„… of 100 basis points becomes applicable. 12.4 Funding Issues and Transition Period A proposal to …”

Transparency Criteria S. 206-211

„… functioning of international capital markets. Almost every proposal to reform the international financial …”

Introduction S. 15-20

„… Crisis produced a vast array of proposals to increase global financial stability. Recommendations range …”

Criteria Indicating Sustainable Sovereign Indebtedness S. 222-228

„… – Proposal for an Operational Framework and Policy Implications. February 3, 2004. Washington, DC …”

Evidence on Creditor-side Moral Hazard S. 233-241

„… viability of various proposals to reign in on the dangers posed by violent short-term capital flows …”

Criteria Ensuring Financial Sector Stability S. 211-222

„… requirement as a core building block of adequate minimum capital standards as did an earlier proposal by …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845201122

Hee-Eun Kim - The Role of the Patent System in Stimulating Innovation and Technology Transfer for Climate Change

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Hee-Eun Kim

The Role of the Patent System in Stimulating Innovation and Technology Transfer for Climate Change

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 13 2011

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Japan Intellectual Property Association Proposal S. 58-59

„… report their usage.252 Japan Intellectual Property Association Proposal Established in 1938, the Japan …” „… Program (GTPP).253 The proposal discerns certain potential challenges of a licensing negotiation with …” „… , Proposal of Green Technology Package Program (Executive Summary), at http …”

Eco-Patent Commons S. 57-58

„… Association Proposal Established in 1938, the Japan Intellectual Property Association (JIPA) represents …” „… proposed the so-called Green Technology Package Program (GTPP).253 The proposal discerns certain potential …” „… , available at http://www.managingip.com. 252 Id. 253 JIPA, Proposal of Green Technology Package Program …”

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1994) S. 22-26

„… international instrument similar to the Doha Declaration on Public Health for climate change.68 These proposals …” „… development and 67 UNFCCC AWG-LCA, Oct. 27, 2008, Proposal by the G77 and China for a Technology Mechanism …” „… under the UNFCCC included in Ideas and Proposals on the Elements Contained in Paragraph 1 of the Bali …”

List of Works Cited S. 79-90

„… , UNFCCC Doc. FCCC/AWGLCA/ 2009/17 (Feb. 5, 2010) UNFCCC AWG-LCA, Oct. 27, 2008, Proposal by the G77 and …” „… China for a Technology Mechanism under the UNFCCC included in Ideas and Proposals on the Elements …” „… , Proposal of Green Technology Package Program (Executive Summary), at …”

Conclusion S. 77-78

„… several proposals made during the international climate change negotiations. However, the present review …”

Abstract S. 8-12

„… Eco-Patent Commons1. 57 Japan Intellectual Property Association Proposal2. 58 Open Innovation: GreenXchange3 …”

Exceptions to Rights under TRIPS Article 30 S. 27-29

„… marketed in another country (i.e., the principle of exhaustion).85 In connection with the proposals made by …”

Activities by WIPO and Patent Offices S. 41-56

„… proposal to create a new stand-alone indexing scheme for ESTs in the IPC.182 This proposal was opposed …”

Compulsory Licensing under TRIPS and Beyond S. 29-32

„… appropriate IP protection. Irrespective of the AWG-LCA proposal, WTO Members have the right to exercise the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845234472

Léa Roger - Voice(s) in the European Parliament

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Léa Roger

Voice(s) in the European Parliament

Series: Studien zum Parlamentarismus

Volume 28 2016

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Cohesion policy – The common provisions proposal S. 217-246

„… : http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/of ficial/regulation/pdf/2014/proposals/regulation2014_leaflet_en.pdf (04.07.2013). 10 Cohesion …” „… : http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/offi cial/regulation/pdf/2014/proposals/regulation2014_leaflet_en.pdf (04.07.2013). 490 European …” „… 217 10 Cohesion policy – The common provisions proposal The regulation on the »common provisions …”

Appendix S. 281-310

„… Appendix 283 (2) The speaker makes a mediating proposal that does not fit the current agenda but belongs …” „… makes a mediating proposal that fits the current agenda. 13 Appendix 284 13.2 Interviews 13.2.1 …” „… ? Generally speaking, are you satisfied with the way it is dealt with the proposal/the reform? Do you think …”

Deliberation and negotiation in EP committees: overwiew S. 247-266

„… will-formation process in parliamentary committees on three legislative proposals: the two-pack on European …” „… proposal on the programming of cohesion policy. Through interviews and a discourse analysis, the …” „… place in three steps: they start with an exchange of views, in which the Commission proposal is …”

Research design S. 109-128

„… , all three proposals were debated by the committee in the first reading of the ordinary legislative …” „… negotiation process in the EP and the case-specific situation of decision-making on the legislative proposal …” „… rapporteurs and shadow rapporteurs. On the common provision proposal, data collection was much more difficult …”

Decision-making in European Parliament committees S. 129-158

„… committees, designated members of the Parliament work on the legislative proposal, elaborate compromises and …” „… report on the common provisions proposal (Constanze Krehl, S&D; Lambert van Nistelrooij, EPP) or, on …” „… compromises.77 The rapporteurs are mandated by their committee to work on the legislative proposal and to …”

The Two-Pack S. 159-192

„… 159 8 The Two-Pack The two-pack is made up of two legislative regulations: a proposal for …” „… enhanced economic surveillance of member states in risky situations and a proposal for better oversight on …” „… economic and budgetary policy.263 The proposals were presented by the European Commission in November …”

Arguments do matter: how the European Parliament comes toits position S. 267-280

„… is structured for the explicit purpose of decision-making. The legislative proposal is presented …” „… mediating proposals in the debate (Steenbergen et al. 2003). Deliberative negotiation refers to a …” „… transcribe the committee debates on legislative proposals in four committees: the Committee of Economic and …”

The Victims Directive S. 193-216

„… 193 9 The Victims Directive The proposal for a directive establishing minimum standards on the …” „… directive is part of the »victims package«, a package of three legislative proposals according to which …” „… Committee of Women’s Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM).388 The European Commission presented the proposal in …”

Why study deliberation in European Parliament committees? S. 17-30

„… focus on the debates? EP committees elaborate the (preliminary) EP position on a legislative proposal …” „… selected legislative proposals debated in four committees. A situational approach is developed, integrating …” „… the European Parliament are analyzed. This study includes three legislative proposals, which are …”

Parliamentary deliberation S. 31-40

„… ) proposals; in giving detailed consideration to proposals line-by-line; in fact-finding and in framing …” „… parent assembly, in contrast, is more in the business of disposing of proposals, affirmatively or …” „… negatively. Discourse in the former venue is aimed more at refining proposals. In the latter venue, it is …”

Studying deliberation S. 57-88

„… informed on the legislative proposal. In the following session, the rapporteur presents a first version of …” „… her report. Third, the amendments to the legislative proposals are considered, and compromises …” „… is adop n position b so adopt am ed proposal t ouncil, by q the Commis sapproves, th l does not ap 1 …”

Deliberative theory S. 41-56

„… participants are required to provide justification for their proposals and opinions. Third, participants in …” „… difficulties in setting problems on the political agenda and making proposals, and they have difficulties …” „… proposal: »If all the participants, perhaps for different reasons, converge on one policy as in their …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… debates: deliberation 204 10 Cohesion policy – The common provisions proposal 217 10.1 The situation …” „… the MEPs in the debates on the common provisions proposal 244 List of tables 16 Table 26 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845255385

Mark J. Cartledge - The Holy Spirit and Public Life

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Mark J. Cartledge

The Holy Spirit and Public Life

2022

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Part III: A Constructive Proposal S. 201-220

doi.org/10.5771/9781978702356

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