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Matthew Niven Teorey - Self-Made Women in the 1920s United States

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Matthew Niven Teorey

Self-Made Women in the 1920s United States

2022

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Ch01. Economic Independence S. 13-40

doi.org/10.5771/9781793628336

Jack Child - Latin American History Through Its Art and Literature

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Jack Child

Latin American History Through Its Art and Literature

2022

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10 Independence and Neoclassicism S. 93-108

doi.org/10.5771/9780761852834

Patrick Paterson - The Almanac of Latin American History

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Patrick Paterson

The Almanac of Latin American History

2024

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Appendix A: Independence Dates S. 277-280

doi.org/10.5771/9781538186848

Kai Ambos, Otto Triffterer - The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

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Kai Ambos (ed.), Otto Triffterer (ed.)

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2016

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Hirad Abtahi, Christopher Staker, Rebecca Young . Independence of the judges S. 1254-1258

„… 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Article 40 Independence of the judges 1. The judges …” „… which is likely to interfere with their judicial functions or to affect confidence in their independence …” „… duty to guarantee the independence of the Courts …’. 1 ‘The fundamental human right of an accused to be …”

Morten Bergsmo, Frederik Harhoff, Jelena Pejic, Dan Zhu . The Office of the Prosecutor S. 1268-1278

„… his or her independence. They shall not engage in any other occupation of a professional nature. 6 …” „… ., ‘The ICC’s Office of the Prosecutor: Navigating between Independence and Accountability’, (2008) 8 …” „… responsibilities and functions of the Office, its independence and management, and provides the procedure for …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Removal from office S. 1300-1307

„… in appropriate cases but without threatening their independence. It is indeed crucial to ensure that …” „… with the independence of judges. These standards have subsequently been entrenched in the Court’s Code …” „… guidelines to contribute to judicial independence and impartiality and with the aim of ensuring the …”

Odo Annette Ogwuma . Service of judges S. 1205-1216

„… full-time service of judges, is an essential guarantee for the independence of judges. Indeed, at the Rome …” „… Conference, the provision was recognised by States as having a close connection with the independence of …” „… functions full-time in order to guarantee their independence.5 It was considered that a court in permanent …”

Index S. 2328-2353

„… political independence of another State, or in any manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United …” „… independence 17 70 et seq. – meaning of ‘genuinely’ 17 41 et seq. – meaning of ‘same case’ 17 31 et seq …” „… 2 18 et seq. – entry into force 1 6 et seq. – founding propositions 2 5 – functional independence 2 …”

Maarten Halff, David Tolbert, Renan Villacis . Voluntary contributions S. 2264-2267

„… international judicial organ, for which independence and impartiality are crucial. Indeed, these considerations …” „… independence of the Court. This could be the case, for example, if the prospective donor makes acceptance of …” „… the UN Charter, or that could jeopardize the independence and impartiality of the Court. The same …”

Morten Bergsmo, Dan Zhu . Prosecutor S. 726-741

„… prosecutorial independence on concerns about the risks of politically motivated or frivolous proprio motu …” „… proceedings. They interpreted prosecutorial independence to mean that the Prosecutor should have full freedom …” „… Prosecutor seemed the most tenuous19. The uncertain outcome of the debate on prosecutorial independence20 was …”

Mohamed M. El Zeidy, William A. Schabas . Issues of admissibility S. 782-832

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 3. Lack of impartiality or independence …”

Philipp Ambach, S. Rama Rao . Assembly of States Parties S. 2216-2247

„… opposed this interpretation on the ground that the doctrine of judicial independence would not permit any …” „… respect the judicial and prosecutorial independence and its activities will not interfere with the …” „… regarding the independence of both the Prosecutor and the Judiciary as enshrined in articles 40 and 42 …”

Maarten Halff, David Tolbert, Renan Villacis . Funds of the Court and of the Assembly of States Parties S. 2254-2263

„… finding a mechanism that would be able to guarantee the independence and impartiality of the Court, while …” „… such a later stage, the risk of jeopardizing the Court’s independence through programme budgeting would …” „… budgetary unity, however, needs to be aligned with the strongly developed independence and autonomy of the …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Salaries, allowances and expenses S. 1320-1323

„… independence’2. The Preparatory Committee subsequently took the position that the judges should serve on a …” „… reduced due to unpopular decisions6; it is essentially a provision to ensure judicial independence7. It …”

Olympia Bekou, Morten Bergsmo, Pieter Kruger . Initiation of an investigation S. 1366-1381

„… Demeyere, B., ‘The International Criminal Court’s Office of the Prosecutor: Navigating between Independence …” „… functional prosecutorial independence found in article 42 and is ultimately based on the interest of …” „… principle of prosecutorial independence enshrined in the Statute would be at stake. 39 d) ‘reconsider that …”

Elisa Freiburg, Andreas Zimmermann ter. Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (Security Council referral) S. 766-770

„… E. Article 15ter para. 4: Independence of the Court …” „… and its Security Council-based aggression-related jurisdiction. E. Article 15ter para. 4: Independence …”

Morten Bergsmo, Dan Zhu . Deferral of investigation or prosecution S. 771-781

„… Statute should be deleted because it infringed on the judicial independence of the Court15. It was noted …” „… independence and efficacy. Striking a widely acceptable balance between these elements was at the heart of the …” „… that this would unduly harm the independence of the Court. 24Obliging the Council to issue a Chapter …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Staff S. 1290-1296

„… gratis personnel, citing issues relating to the independence of gratis personnel and the effects on …” „… independence of the different organs, which is particularly relevant in regard to the Office of the Prosecutor …”

Elisa Freiburg, Andreas Zimmermann bis. Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (State referral, proprio motu) S. 742-765

„… .’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 M. Article 15bis para. 9: Independence of the Court …” „… independence of the Court and its organs, article 15 para. 6 obliges the Prosecutor, before moving ahead with …” „… 10:33:55 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm M. Article 15bis para. 9: Independence of the Court 45 …”

Karim A. A. Khan . Organs of the Court S. 1198-1204

„… Criminal Court must be (and seen to be) independent. Such independence is, of course, a pre-requisite to …” „… . Independence of the Prosecutor and his or her staff is also essential, but apparently this was not called into …”

Elisa Freiburg, Andreas Zimmermann bis. Crime of aggression S. 581-619

„… political independence of another State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Charter of the United …” „… Independence at Risk: Critical Issues regarding the Crime of Aggression Raised by Selected Human Rights …” „… (…). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 5. ‘(…) against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of another State …”

Roger S. Clark . Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession S. 2319-2320

„… , which had not achieved its independence at the relevant time, was among those acceding to the Statute …”

Giulia Pecorella, William A. Schabas . Exercise of jurisdiction S. 691-703

„… independence, impartiality and autonomy’21 as well as politicize the new institution. 11 1994 ILC Draft Statute …” „… advanced. Operative paragraph 6 subtly subsumed the independence of the ICC into the political and …” „… listed in article 5. The proprio motu power is essential to the effective functioning and independence of …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Solemn undertaking S. 1297-1299

„… of judges14 according to the principles of independence, impartiality, integrity, confidentiality and …”

Philipp Ambach . Relationship of the Court with the United Nations S. 23-41

„… , the full independence of the Court could be questioned as such a subsidiary organ would retain a …” „… multilateral] treaty could provide the necessary independence and authority’ for the Court.43 As another …” „… ’.53 However, it was stressed that such a relationship should in no way jeopardize the independence of …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Disciplinary measures S. 1308-1310

„… independence7; require the avoidance of conflicts of interest8; prohibit the acceptance of any gift advantage …”

Hirad Abtahi, Rebecca Young . The Presidency S. 1237-1247

„… are living witnesses of the reality of the independence of the judicial organ of those International …” „… as judicial independence, impartiality, and integrity are addressed by the Presidency, as the final …”

Hirad Abtahi, Rebecca Young . Excusing and disqualification of judges S. 1259-1267

„… independence. Each case must be decided on its own merits. It should be noted that under this provision, a …” „… bastion of judicial independence was being used as a basis for the disqualification of the Judge’.52 44 …”

Fabricio Guariglia, Gudrun Hochmayr . Role of the Pre-Trial Chamber in relation to a unique investigative opportunity S. 1412-1421

„… investigation and prosecution would undermine the independence of the Prosecutor. 3Despite divergent views at …” „… Prosecutor’s independence and the desirability of conferring a limited role on the Pre-Trial Chamber’.8 That …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST Preliminary Remarks S. 2004-2014

„… international criminal proceedings, the alleged lack of impartiality and independence of the ICTY as well as the …” „… necessary guarantees including those of independence and impartiality’. 46 For an overview, see Broomhall …”

Kai Ambos, Morten Bergsmo Preamble S. 2-15

„… independence of any State, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations …” „… refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any …”

Alejandro Kiss, Otto Triffterer . Requirements for the decision S. 1827-1853

Yvonne McDermott, William A. Schabas . Rights of the accused S. 1651-1681

„… Nations Basic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary provides: ‘The principle of the independence …” „… reasonably apprehend bias61. A number of challenges to the independence or impartiality of judges before the …” „… independence and impartiality of its judiciary. It constitutes a dramatic improvement on the norms applicable …”

Astrid Reisinger Coracini, Immi Tallgren . Ne bis in idem S. 900-932

Karim A. A. Khan . Trust Fund S. 1902-1909

„… gained in independence since its creation. On 7 August 2012, Trial Chamber I additionally delegated to …”

Robert O. Harmsen, Gerard A. M. Strijards . Seat of the Court S. 42-103

„… guarantee the permanence, impartiality and independence of the ICC towards the host State, which has to …” „… maintain the independence of the ICC the factual description seems to be more recommendable: as a matter of …” „… the rights and independence of such a Defence Unit, to be recognised as an ICC-linked entity by the …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Privileges and immunities S. 1311-1319

„… upon the independence of the Prosecutor. It could thus be argued that the Assembly of States Parties …”

Roger S. Clark . Settlement of disputes S. 2275-2283

„… , – issues involving the independence of the judges, the compatibility of any of their other activities with …”

Eleni Chaitidou . Referral of a situation by a State Party S. 704-725

„… independence, the Prosecutor adopted the policy of inviting and welcoming voluntary referrals by territorial …” „… Mali. Article 53(1) Report, 16 January 2013, 27, para. 128. 96 This independence and objectivity in …”

Michael Bohlander . Qualifications, nomination and election of judges S. 1217-1226

„… International Criminal Judiciary – Problems of Judicial Selection, Independence and Ethics’, in: id. (ed …”

Magda Karagiannakis . The Registry S. 1279-1289

„… submitted to the Assembly of States Parties addressed these concerns. The report affirmed the independence …”

Otto Triffterer, Till Zimmermann . Place of trial S. 1552-1563

„… – independence and impartiality of a trial, arguing that ‘[p]roximity of the trial to the place where the crime …”

Dov Jacobs, Christopher Staker . Regulations of the Court S. 1353-1365

„… independence of the judges’. Karadzˇic´. Part 4. Composition and Administration of the CourtArticle 52 39 1364 …”

Olympia Bekou, Morten Bergsmo, Pieter Kruger . Duties and powers of the Prosecutor with respect to investigations S. 1382-1394

„… prosecutorial independence, an essential component of any impartial criminal justice system. 2 Article 54 …”

Roger S. Clark, Gerhard Hafner . Reservations S. 2284-2298

„… fairness and independence, and that the obligations of States Parties vis-a`-vis the Court be clear’18. 8On …”

Fabricio Guariglia, Gudrun Hochmayr . Proceedings on an admission of guilt S. 1622-1635

„… the independence of the Trial Chamber vis-a`-vis any agreement reached by the parties. Indeed, like …”

Christoph Burchard, Otto Triffterer . Sanctions for misconduct before the Court S. 1761-1775

„… administration of justice (including the independence and objectivity of the proceedings under the control of the …”

Daniel D. Ntanda Nsereko . Preliminary rulings regarding admissibility S. 833-849

„… arrangement helps to preserve the Trial Chamber’s independence and impartiality. The Pre-Trial Chamber was the …”

Fabricio Guariglia, Gudrun Hochmayr . Functions and powers of the Pre-Trial Chamber S. 1422-1437

„… investigative acts would undermine the latter’s independence. Further, a proposal to provide the Pre-Trial …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 1247 Article 40. Independence of the judges …”

Bruce Broomhall . Nullum crimen sine lege S. 950-967

„… the words ‘for purposes other than this Statute’. This merely emphasizes the mutual independence of …”

Rod Rastan . Protection of national security information S. 1776-1816

„… tends to be broadly defined to encompass any threats to the independence, sovereignty, or territorial …” „… independence against force or threat of force; (ii) cannot be invoked as a reason for imposing limitations to …”

Jens David Ohlin, Otto Triffterer . Mistake of fact or mistake of law S. 1162-1182

„… the independence of the Court in relation to the Elements, after they have been approved and …”

David Donat-Cattin . Reparations to victims S. 1854-1871

„… specifically military offences committed by members of the armed forces; (iii) Strengthening the independence …”

David Donat-Cattin . Protection of victims and witnesses and their participation in the proceedings S. 1682-1712

Kai Ambos, Christopher K. Hall, Niamh Hayes, Larissa van den Herik, Joseph Powderly, Carsten Stahn . Crimes against humanity S. 145-295

Roberta Arnold, Elisabeth Baumgartner, Michael Cottier, Knut Dörmann, Robin Geiß, Julia Grignon, David Krivanek, Sabine Mzee, Emilia Richard, Stefan Wehrenberg, Andreas Zimmermann . War crimes S. 296-580

doi.org/10.5771/9783845263571

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen, Hans Petter Graver, Ola Mestad, Christoph Vedder - Agreement on the European Economic Area

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Finn Arnesen (ed.), Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen (ed.), Hans Petter Graver (ed.), Ola Mestad (ed.), Christoph Vedder (ed.)

Agreement on the European Economic Area

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 8 [Independence of the members] S. 993-995

„… appointments have raised questions as to whether the requirements of the members’ independence beyond doubt has …” „… [Independence of the members] The members of the EFTA Surveillance Authority shall be completely independent in …” „… provision reiterates and set out more in detail the fundamental requirement of independence for the members …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 7 [Composition] S. 992-993

„… general competence and whose independence is beyond doubt. Save as in the circumstances set out in the …” „… independence shall be beyond doubt.1 The criterion regarding general competence is vague and does not in …” „… independence mirrors those of Article 17(3) of the TFEU. PART III: The Agreement on ESA and EFTA Court 992 …”

Per Christiansen Article 30 [Members] S. 1021-1025

„… Judge is possible, secrecy is intended to protect the independence of the Judge. It would have been …” „… incompatible with that independence, and therefore with the independence of the Court, if deliberations and …” „… chosen from persons whose independence is beyond doubt and who possess the qualifications required for …”

Dora Sif Tynes Article 108 [The ESA and the EFTA Court: Establishment and competences] S. 840-852

„… chosen on the grounds of their general competence and whose independence is beyond doubt.9 Art. 8 SCA …” „… encroach upon the independence of ESA since in effect the institution is reduced to a mere processor of …” „… explicit reference to the independence of the EFTA Court, in contrast to the wording pertaining to the …”

Per Christiansen Article 29 [Quorum] S. 1021

„… Judge is possible, secrecy is intended to protect the independence of the Judge. It would have been …” „… incompatible with that independence, and therefore with the independence of the Court, if deliberations and …” „… chosen from persons whose independence is beyond doubt and who possess the qualifications required for …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Contracting Parties S. 973-975

„… States some margin of discretion. As to the EFTA Court, its independence is only implicit in Art. 108(2 …” „… ’ respect of the independence of both institutions) is demonstrated well by the push for a similar …” „… the implicit obligation in Art. 108(2) EEA to preserve the independence of the EFTA Court. 5 See, e.g …”

Per Christiansen Article 28 [Composition] S. 1020-1021

„… is intended to protect the independence of the Judge. It would have been incompatible with that …” „… independence, and therefore with the independence of the Court, if deliberations and voting were motivated by a …” „… independence is beyond doubt and who possess the qualifications required for appointment to the highest …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 6 [Right to information from the EFTA States and from undertakings] S. 990-992

„… general competence and whose independence is beyond doubt. Save as in the circumstances set out in the …” „… independence shall be beyond doubt.1 The criterion regarding general competence is vague and does not in …” „… independence mirrors those of Article 17(3) of the TFEU. PART III: The Agreement on ESA and EFTA Court 992 …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Preamble S. 975-977

„… that the institutional structure of the EFTA-pillar is strong enough to defend the independence of the …” „… Agreement, in full deference to the independence of the courts, to arrive at and maintain a uniform …” „… the EFTA States and ESA’s independence from the Commission, however, this obligation is limited to …”

Index S. 1125-1141

„… – agenda III 13 4 College members – independence III 7 2, 8 1 – term of appointment III 9 1 Comitology …” „… III 5 11 – independence III 4 12 – infringement proceedings III 22 13 – interim measures III 25 12 …” „… – tasks III 5 1 ESA College II 108 4 ESA College Members – appointment III 3 – independence III 3 …”

Finn Arnesen, Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Preamble S. 150-171

„… deference to the independence of the courts, the objective of the Contracting Parties is to arrive at, and …” „… sets out the core of the homogeneity principle: In full deference to the independence of the courts …” „… as of 1988) had expressed their desire ‘to prevent, in full deference to the independence of the …”

Pål Wennerås Article 6 [Homogeneity] S. 209-248

„… that homogenous interpretation does not prejudice the independence of courts. Those words were inserted …” „… architecture of the EEA Agreement would not interfere with its independence.67 It was not intended to mean that …” „… Union’s Non-Member – Independence under hegemony (2015) pp. 102-117. PART II: The Agreement on the …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 4 [Establishment of the EFTA Surveillance Authority] S. 984-987

„… not strengthen the notion of ESAs independence. Arts. 7 and 8 presented below regulate the …” „… requirements regarding ESAs independence in more detail. Article 5 [Responsibilities and means] 1. The EFTA …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 5 [Responsibilities and means] S. 987-990

„… . This organisational set-up does not strengthen the notion of ESAs independence. Arts. 7 and 8 presented …” „… below regulate the requirements regarding ESAs independence in more detail. Article 5 [Responsibilities …”

Christian Frommelt Liechtenstein and the EEA S. 35-59

„… step for Liechtenstein in its ‘quest for independence and recognition as a sovereign state’.3 At the …” „… strategy to safeguard Liechtenstein’s independence and international recognition as the two main elements …” „… independence, Liechtensteiners voted again in favour of European integration. With 55.9 percent “yes” votes the …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 25 a [Responsibilities in the field of financial supervision] S. 1018-1019

„… . 3 to Protocol 8 stipulates that ESA shall act in full independence. While this may formally speaking …”

Per Christiansen Article 117 [Provisions governing the EEA financial mechanism] S. 894-904

„… for the Fund. The selection took account, inter alia, of the operator’s independence of national …” „… high degree of independence. The FMO also serves as a liaison between the beneficiary States and the …”

Jóhanna Jónsdóttir Introduction to EEA cooperation outside the four freedoms S. 751-753

„… of statutory audit (quality assurance, independence, limitation of civil liability of statutory …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Article 105 [Homogeneous interpretation of EU and EEA law] S. 825-835

„… independence of the courts and respect of the principle of res judicata.43 The object and purpose of Protocol …” „… , in full deference to the independence of courts, a system of exchange of information concerning …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Article 106 [Exchange of information concerning relevant judgements] S. 835-837

„… to the independence of courts, a system of exchange of information concerning judgments by the EFTA …”

Finn Arnesen Article 129 [Languages, ratification, entry into force] S. 968-973

„… States some margin of discretion. As to the EFTA Court, its independence is only implicit in Art. 108(2 …”

Marthe Kristine Fjeld Dystland, Fredrik Bøckman Finstad, Ida Sørebø Article 103 [Requirements for binding Joint Committee decisions] S. 819-824

„… Fossum (eds.), The European Union’s Non-Members: Independence under hegemony? (2015), pp. 137-152 …”

Per Andreas Bjørgan Article 25 [Responsibilities of the ESA in the field of the competition rules] S. 1012-1018

„… . 3 to Protocol 8 stipulates that ESA shall act in full independence. While this may formally speaking …”

Margrét Einarsdóttir, Ragnhildur Helgadóttir Iceland and the EEA S. 13-35

„… , ‘National Administrative Sovereignty. Under pressureʼ, in The European Union’s Non-Members. Independence …” „… European Union´s Non-Members. Independence under hegemony? (New York 2015); Endurskoðun stjórnarskrárinnar …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen EEA law in and beyond the text of the Main Part of the EEA Agreement S. 124-145

„… Homogeneity and Independence: The Legal Position of the EFTA Court in the European Economic Area’, Colombia …” „… Economic Area, 1997, pp. 43-74, on pp. 54-58; Baudenbacher, ‘Between Homogeneity and Independence: The …”

Finn Arnesen Article 119 [Annexes and Protocols as integral part of the Agreement] S. 912-919

„… Baudenbacher, ‘Between Homogenegeity and Independence: The Legal Position of the EFTA Court in the European …”

Peter-Christian Müller-Graff Article 77 [Provisions on company law] S. 742-751

„… obligation in the EEA either. They relate to topics of statutory audit (quality assurance, independence …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… Independence of the members ........................................Article 8 993 Appointment of the members …”

Peter-Christian Müller-Graff Article 34 [Right of establishment for companies] S. 434-450

„… EEA law).45 The list includes protecting workers;46 safeguarding the independence, neutrality and …”

Halvard Haukeland Fredriksen Article 111 [Dispute resolution in the EEA Joint Committee] S. 865-883

„… , since this limitation already follows from the Contracting Parties’ adherence to the independence of the …”

Benedikt Pirker Switzerland and the EEA S. 80-101

„… independence, neutrality, a certain degree of autonomy in the country’s external commercial policy and …”

Ólafur Jóhannes Einarsson Article 31 [Freedom of establishment] S. 400-420

„… Hannesson have noted that Gunnarsson represented an example of the EFTA Court asserting its independence …”

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