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Andrew Law

Patents and Public Health

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 3 2009

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An analysis of the preamble S. 47-51

„… the title of the Agreement and of the preamble which limits the trade-related aspects of intellectual …” „… , inter alia, in the preamble and Articles 7 and 8.134 Further, the preamble is also characterised by …” „… . They are analysed here in more detail. I. An analysis of the preamble The preamble of the TRIPS …”

The role of ‘flexibility’ in the object and purposes of the TRIPS Agreement S. 60-65

„… . Internally, the terminology and phraseology used in the preamble and Articles 7 and 8 permits numerous and …” „… evident not only in the preamble but also in Articles 7 and 8. The scope of these public interest …” „… both the preamble and part I of the TRIPS Agreement. Thus, the reference to these policy interests …”

Nature and scope of the TRIPS Agreement S. 42-47

„… TRIPS Agreement is found in the preamble and Article 1. The determination of the scope and purpose of an …” „… the contents of the TRIPS Agreement in light of the preamble and Article 1. The TRIPS 109 Vienna …” „… provision. The preamble further states that the protection need only be ‘adequate’ to ensure the effective …”

The influence of the international customary rule of interpretation on the object and purpose provisions S. 58-60

„… whole, preamble and annexes included.174 The ordinary meaning cannot be isolated from the objects and …” „… . The objectives and principles laid down in the TRIPS Agreement, the preamble as well as Articles 7 …” „… principles, set out in the preamble and Articles 7 and 8, retain their importance of guiding the …”

Other influences on the object and purpose of the TRIPS Agreement S. 68-69

„… preamble gave the WTO negotiating parties the opportunity to update the GATT preamble. The parties no …” „… Agreement preamble, ‘must add colour, texture and shading to [the] interpretation of the agreements annexed …”

The implementation of the TRIPS Agreement S. 34-41

„… according to the country’s level of development,80 a sympathetic preamble with corresponding objective and …” „… preamble in the TRIPS Agreement states: 101 WTO India and others Preparations for the 1999 Ministerial …” „… ) The problem flexibility posed to the Member States arose out of the relation between the preamble …”

The role of health in the object and purpose of the TRIPS Agreement S. 65-68

„… influences on the object and purpose of the TRIPS Agreement The WTO Agreement preamble gave the WTO …” „… negotiating parties the opportunity to update the GATT preamble. The parties no longer desired the ‘full’ use …” „… the intentions of the negotiating parties, encapsulated in the WTO Agreement preamble, ‘must add …”

The legal effect of the Decision and the Chairman’s Statement S. 190-197

„… . 143-144. 785 Decision preamble. The procedural progress of the waiver proceeded as follows: on …” „… are all dealt with by the Decision. Cf. Decision preamble, paras 2, 8, 11. Cf. Nolff, 86 JPTOS 4 …” „… (2004) p. 303. 786 The text contained in the preamble referring to the existence of exceptional …”

An analysis of Article 7 TRIPS S. 51-53

„… the preamble should not be discounted.146 II. An analysis of Article 7 TRIPS ‘Objectives The …” „… , and not in the preamble, is seen as a step that has amplified the relevance of the status of the …”

An analysis of Article 8.2 TRIPS Agreement S. 56-58

„… from the treaty as a whole, preamble and annexes included.174 The ordinary meaning cannot be isolated …” „… intention of the parties. The objectives and principles laid down in the TRIPS Agreement, the preamble as …”

Disclosure S. 145-149

„… preamble and the Decision on Measures in Favour of Least-Developed Countries. 587 Whether or not the …” „… preamble, Art 7. 607 Webster’s Third New International Dictionary. 608 For a brief introduction to the …”

The extension of the transitional period for LDCs S. 178-185

„… have brought certain issues into question. In the third preamble paragraph of the Extension it states …” „… preamble to prior discussions or negotiations and as such do not form part of the request. Within the …”

The scope of the Decision S. 197-198

„… the dilemma set out in paragraph 6 of the Public Health Declaration. The Decision’s preamble clearly …”

Bilateral policies and measures S. 242-245

„… the US/Chile FTA refers to the Public Health Declaration in the preamble of the chapter on …”

An analysis of Article 8.1 TRIPS S. 53-56

„… inconsistency.163 159 TRIPS Preamble. 160 de Carvalho, The TRIPS Regime of Patent Rights (Kluwer The Hague …”

Clarification of the relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and public health S. 156-159

„… preamble. Critics of this view may state that the scope of this statement is clearly made within the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… preamble 48 II. An analysis of Article 7 TRIPS 51 III. An analysis of Article 8.1 TRIPS 53 IV. An analysis …”

The GATT system and the Uruguay Round S. 30-34

„… according to the country’s level of development,80 a sympathetic preamble with corresponding objective and …”

Exhaustion S. 149-154

„… 138(1)(b), German Patent Act sec 21(1)(2). 606 TRIPS Agreement preamble, Art 7. 607 Webster’s Third …”

Canada S. 228-234

„… preamble, Art 1.1. 1013 Canada has become the first country to respond to a formal request to supply …”

The material obligations S. 169-178

„… hereto). 736 References are found in the preamble to the Amendment, the Annex and the Chairman’s …”

The withdrawal and limitation of rights conferred S. 86-145

doi.org/10.5771/9783845212654

Markus Kotzur - Peter Häberle on Constitutional Theory

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Markus Kotzur (ed.)

Peter Häberle on Constitutional Theory

2018

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Preambles in the text and context of constitutions S. 257-302

„… Preambles in the text and context of constitutions Originally published in 1979 as: „Präambeln im …” „… Text und Kontext von Verfassungen“* – translated from German by Stefan Theil** Preambles as a current …” „… constitu‐ tion:” [Editor’s note: my translation] This preamble from the pen of Adolf Muschg, drafted almost …”

The Jurisprudence of European Law - viewed as a Cultural Study S. 303-323

„… cultural perspective. The cultural preamble-theory (first developed in 1982 for constitutional 35 See also …” „… European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (1950) and the European Cultural Convention (1954, Preamble …” „… preamble of the ECHR: “Reaffirming their profound belief in those fundamental freedoms which are the …”

Foreword S. 7-16

„… this work, he often used Preambles. His article on “Preambles in the Text and Context of Constitu …” „… reads preambles as “an appeal to all citizens and a directive for lawyers”. For him, they are “the …” „… preambles “approximate the language and the comprehension of citizens is a demand that is often accomplished …”

Human Dignity as foundation of the Constitutional State and the political community S. 167-228

„… human dignity can especially be found in the preambles of international treaties, manifesting their …” „… ; http://www. un.org/en/sections/un-charter/preamble/ [retrieved 4.4.2017]. 167 The Universal Declaration of …” „… Human Rights of December 10, 19483 also states in its Preamble: “Whereas recognition of the inherent …”

The rationale of constitutions from a cultural science viewpoint S. 229-256

„… structural components: they typically open with preambles (partially with “God”clauses) written in …” „… ”) of the EU, such as the fundamental order function (“Grundordnungsfunktion”) (see the Preamble of …” „… future. At this point, a few keywords must suffice.32 Characteristically, the preamble of the Treaty of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… cultural science viewpoint 229 Preambles in the text and context of constitutions 257 The Jurisprudence of …”

“The open society of constitutional interpreters” – A contribution to a pluralistic and “procedural” constitutional interpretation S. 129-166

„… ”) (see the Preamble to the TEU, Preamble to the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights) and the respect for the …”

Fundamental Rights in the Welfare State. Second Co-report of Professor Dr. Peter Häberle, Marburg on Lahn. S. 17-128

„… Raumordnung u. Landesplanung) of 14 June 1966 (GVBl. p. 177); Preamble of the Regional Development Plan …” „… (Preamble of the EEC Treaty). 79 See also aspects of welfare law arising from the step-by-step …” „… (Preamble of the EEC Treaty). Welfare law means are required for the common agricultural policy (Art. 39 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845289519

Aikaterini Titi - The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law

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Aikaterini Titi

The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law

Series: Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht

Volume 10 2014

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The right to regulate and the preamble S. 115-122

„… narrowing of policy space rather than the opposite.The right to regulate and the preambleRepository of a …” „… treaty’s object and purpose571, the preamble does not createindependent legal rights or obligations572 …” „… . Accordingly, regulatory interestsin the preamble do not establish a veritable right to regulate …”

‘Declaratory’ right to regulate S. 111-115

„… narrowing of policy space rather than the opposite.The right to regulate and the preambleRepository of a …” „… article could at least serve as a counterweight to an overly investorfriendly preamble statement, allowing …” „… treaty’s object and purpose571, the preamble does not createindependent legal rights or obligations572 …”

Concluding remarks S. 122

„… treaty. The downside of course, at least of includingregulatory interests exclusively in the preamble, is …” „… significantly, positive languagein the preamble comes close in its effect to a genuine right to regulate. Thisis …” „… language in the preamble is not significant:according to Article 31(1)-(2) VCLT, both need to be taken into …”

Positive language S. 104-111

„… specific public policyconcerns; the second one explores positive language in the preamble, aninterpretative …” „… does it necessarily deter regulatory chill. Ordinarily incorporated in the preamble or the main body of …” „… Article 31(1)-(2) VCLT and below, The right to regulate and the preamble.516 Newcombe, A. and Paradell, L …”

The fair and equitable treatment S. 276-281

„… titleand preamble, the tribunal called for ‘a balanced approach to the interpretation of the Treaty’s …” „… Ukraine’s broadcasting sector. In identifying the object and purpose ofthe Preamble to the US-Ukraine BIT …” „… interpretation of nondescript preamble language1528, nonetheless it relies broadly on the letter of the law. If …”

Some developments at the bilateral level S. 58-61

„… , provisions on the environment215 and labour216 – par excellence in the 2012 USModel BIT –, and preamble …” „… 2012).216 E.g. Article 13 US Model BIT (2004 and 2012).217 For example, on health and safety. See Preamble …” „… reasons’224, whilea reference to the sustainable development in the Preamble forms part of thesame attempt …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… Positive languageA. 104‘Declaratory’ right to regulateB. 111The right to regulate and the preambleC. 115 …”

Developments at the plurilateral level: the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement S. 61-62

„… regulate provision234, extensive preamble language on regulatory interests235 and other provisions …” „… , ‘Declaratory’right to regulate.235 See Chapter VI, The right to regulate and the preamble.236 Article [11] Norwegian …”

Concluding remarks S. 288-290

„… take one illustration, while the Lemire Tribunal’s interpretation of thePreamble to the US-Ukraine BIT …” „… , referring to the title and preamble, albeit with some ambiguity, thisis a more ‘balanced statement of the …”

Expropriation S. 281-288

„… take one illustration, while the Lemire Tribunal’s interpretation of thePreamble to the US-Ukraine BIT …” „… , referring to the title and preamble, albeit with some ambiguity, thisis a more ‘balanced statement of the …”

Index S. 375-376

„… Preamble (and positive language)115-122Primary and secondary rules 251,259 et seq.Proportionality 35, 57 …”

WTO law, EU law and the European Convention on Human Rights S. 56-58

„… . (2010), op cit., p. 1, 5-6, 8, 16, incl. ft. 20 citing A. Lang (2006).See further, e.g., Preamble to …”

The pre-modern-investment-world regime S. 53-56

„… ), op cit., p. 1, 5-6, 8, 16, incl. ft. 20 citing A. Lang (2006).See further, e.g., Preamble to GATS …”

The exception for cultural diversity S. 219-222

„… https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=389843.1184 Article 4 (1) UNESCO Convention.1185 Preamble to the Declaration on cultural diversity …”

The protection of essential security interests in the absence of an express treaty-based right to regulate S. 290-293

„… preamble language, on the one hand in SalukaPartial Award, op cit., para. 300 and Lemire Decision on …”

Conclusion S. 298-304

„… the preamble establishing respectfor public interests. It is notable that the 2012 US Model BIT has …”

The right to regulate and expropriation S. 148-155

„… . 112.796 See Preamble to the ECHR (‘Considering that this Declaration aims at securingthe universal and …”

Cultural exception, exception for cultural policy and the investment law context S. 224-233

„… formulations, starting with the very Preamble to the Treaty on European Union.According to that treaty, the …”

Introduction S. 19-31

„… to regulate and regulatoryinterests in the preamble. Bridging these ancillary components with …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845251783

Khrushchev Ekwueme - Protection of Foreign Investment in Context

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Khrushchev Ekwueme

Protection of Foreign Investment in Context

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht

Volume 496 2007

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The Preamble of Bilateral Investment Treaties S. 110-111

„… theirdiplomatic and political relations with other States.400 5.3. The Preamble of Bilateral Investment …” „… TreatiesGenerally, the preamble in a treaty specifies its aims and objectives.401 Consistentwith the general pattern …” „… , the preambles in both BITs contain the aims and objectives of the treaties as follows:1) The …”

General Standard – Fair and Equitable Treatment and Full Protection and Constant Security S. 122-134

„… 65(2005). Relying on the preamble of the BIT, the Tribunal opined: »The Treaty Preamblemakes it clear …” „… preambles. Following the plain meaning approach adopted by the TecmedTribunal, the ICSID Tribunal in MTD …” „… its preamble:»[…] As regards the object and purpose of the BIT, the Tribunal refers to its …”

The Emergence and Growth of Investment Treaties S. 108-110

„… . This chapter will also consider other issues such as the emergence and growth of BITs, the preamble and …” „… theirdiplomatic and political relations with other States.400 5.3. The Preamble of Bilateral Investment …” „… TreatiesGenerally, the preamble in a treaty specifies its aims and objectives.401 Consistentwith the general pattern …”

Material Scope S. 111-114

„… , the Tribunal resorted to the preamble of the U.S.-Zaire BIT to aid its interpretation of the provision …” „… of Article 1 of the Treaty thatdefines »investment« and »investor« under the Treaty. The preamble to …” „… held that the claimant had the capacity to bring the claim on behalf of SINZA because the preamble and …”

Health and Welfare S. 292-293

„… .), Trade, Investment and the Environment, London, 1998, 245.1133 See the preamble of the OECD Draft MAI. …”

Environment S. 293-294

„… , 245.1133 See the preamble of the OECD Draft MAI.294their national laws and regulations in order to attract …”

Introduction S. 107-108

„… as the emergence and growth of BITs, the preamble and scope of the treaties. Finally, thischapter …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… 1075.2. The Emergence and Growth of Investment Treaties 1085.3. The Preamble of Bilateral Investment …”

Consent to ICSID’s Jurisdiction under Section 26(2) of NIPC Act S. 226-230

„… project.859 This point can be gleaned from the preamble to thesecond Schedule to the NLNG Act, which …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845202907

Jay Lemery, Paul Auerbach - Enviromedics

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Jay Lemery, Paul Auerbach

Enviromedics

2017

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Chapter 1. Preamble: The Doctor’s Approach: Any Emergency Department in America S. 1-6

„… that he can recover and begin yet an-other rehabilitation.• 1 •Preamble: The Doctor’s ApproachAny …” „… . Preamble: The Doctor’s Approach 3“SAVE MOTHER EARTH!”Earth will survive, but the living creatures may …” „… does air pollution affect people? Plants? Animals? Ecosystems? Finally, regulators Preamble: The …”

Preface

„… upon human healthviiForeword ixAcknowledgments xiii 1 Preamble: The Doctor’s Approach 1Part I. Climate …”

Part I. CLIMATE CHANGE CASCADE S. 7-52

„… 7A s mentioned in the preamble, we are not environmental scientists. Like you, we will continue to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442243194

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