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John Ruehl

Budget Superpower

2022

doi.org/10.5771/9780761873396

Thomas Fischer - Neutral Power in the CSCE

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Thomas Fischer

Neutral Power in the CSCE

Series: Wiener Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 12 2009

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Bilateral Superpower Détente S. 55-60

„… a direct offspring of the superpower conflict in Europe, was oriented more towards an accentuated …” „… competition between Washington and Moscow. The superpowers’ struggle over influence did not stop in Europe …” „… between East and West, and ideas were promoted to transform the superpower conflict. Despite a number of …”

Sweden S. 69-71

„… the superpowers was seen as damaging the credibility of Swedish neutrality.148 Yet towards the late …” „… superpowers was soon incorporated by all major parties as a legitimate instrument in Swedish foreign policy …” „… .149Palme’s concept of foreign policy was much influenced by the theory of superpower hegemony over …”

Austria S. 65-69

„… and superpower détente in Europe was widely welcome in Austria. Kreisky’s cross-bench foreign minister …” „… superpower tensions in the early 1960s, little came of it. Felix Ermacora. 20 Jahre Österreichische …” „… superpowers was seen as damaging the credibility of Swedish neutrality.148 Yet towards the late 1960s, when …”

Multilateral Détente in Europe S. 60-63

„… Kippur war in the Middle East in October 1973, when both superpowers accused each other of having …” „… violated the 1972 Moscow agreement on détente. From then on, bilateral détente between superpowers headed …” „… Europe; it was here that the superpowers interests truly converged. The groundwork had been laid in the …”

Yugoslavia S. 73-76

„… European level, superpower and multilateral détente more specifically was a promising perspective in which …” „… of superpower relations and its fluctuation. Given its geographical location and recent history …” „… of superpower détente were met with considerable scepticism in Yugoslavia. Given the superpowers …”

Finland S. 71-73

„… diminished, in any case, since its criticism of the superpowers’ military aggressions. Rather, active …” „… responsibility for international peace rested with the superpowers, and that mutual confidence between …” „… superpowers was a necessary condition for lasting peace.160 Given Finland’s geostrategic location, the most …”

Neutral and Non-Aligned Reactions to the Finnish CSCE Memorandum S. 100-111

„… conference would prevail while results could only be reached when the superpowers agreed on fundamental …” „… favour of the participation of Canada and regarded it indispensable that both superpowers participate in …” „… superpowers from the beginning, Sweden deemed it important for the smaller nations of Europe to be able to …”

Prelude to the N+N: The “Group of Nine” S. 76-82

„… , there were fears that détente was used by the superpowers only for the preservation of the status quo …” „… disarmament and arms control, and in particular to advocate a further rapprochement between the superpowers …” „… the superpowers’ consistent refusal to involve the group in the matter. During contacts with the …”

Introduction S. 17-28

„… diplomacy. Before the CSCE, the Cold War game in Europe was usually played between the two superpowers and …” „… in 1955. This was equally true when early signs of an easing of superpower tensions appeared with the …” „… end of the Berlin and Cuban Missile crises in the early 1960s. What started at a superpower level with …”

Sweden S. 40-45

„… during the emerging superpower confrontation in Europe in 1948/49. A different experience with neutrality …” „… Swedish neutrality by keeping the Nordic region out of the superpower confrontation. Cf. Bernard von Plate …” „… Commission on Neutrality Policy, Stockholm, 1995. 44The preparations for a possible superpower military …”

Summary and Conclusions S. 357-376

„… , remained deeply dependent on the goodwill of the superpowers and the state of political relationship …” „… Third World; an easing of superpower tensions was at best seen as creating more favourable conditions to …” „… states that valued political independence and denied superpower hegemony had an important contribution to …”

Switzerland S. 32-36

„… emerging superpower confrontation and the division of the European continent eased the pressure on neutral …” „… a result of the emerging superpower confrontation 33 Fischer, Die Grenzen der Neutralität, 45-50 …” „… In fact, the superpower conflict even 37 “Der Begriff der Neutralität”, 26 November 1954. In …”

Five Times Neutral and Non-Aligned S. 54-55

„… Austria’s neutrality, as a direct offspring of the superpower conflict in Europe, was oriented more towards …” „… competition between Washington and Moscow. The superpowers’ struggle over influence did not stop in Europe …”

The N+N Package Deal S. 278-293

„… become possible only after clear signs given by the US and Soviet delegations that the superpowers had …” „… up in direct superpower talks at the highest bilateral level outside the 1038 ÖStA/AdR, BMfaA …” „… bilateral talks on the problems in the Eastern Mediterranean.1050 The two superpowers had obviously come to …”

Switzerland S. 63-65

„… détente was, in general, very sceptical from the outset. Superpower détente was given almost no credit by …” „… easing of tensions at the superpower level was seen as a passing phenomenon, and therefore no 119 …”

Sweden S. 135-138

„… superpower hegemony over small states, and the prior concern over what détente meant to the Third World. The …” „… for the conference went beyond the existing superpower balance by mutually assured destruction as a …”

Basic Terms S. 29-32

„… independent states refused to align themselves with either of the two contending superpowers. The non-aligned …” „… did not concern the superpower conflict. The criteria for a non-aligned country were summed up at the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… states had participated in the same rights – small or superpower, military alliance member or neutral …” „… International Setting 55Bilateral Superpower Détente 56Multilateral Détente in Europe 60Neutral and Non-Aligned …”

Yugoslavia S. 50-54

„… of the superpower conflicts; it seemed the only way to guarantee the country’s independence and …” „… superpower struggle in Europe, and the non-aligned movement emerging in Asia and Africa at the time provided …”

Finland S. 45-50

„… . In the 1950s, this preamble was used as a basis for Finnish neutrality in the Cold War superpower …” „… staying out of the superpower conflicts; it seemed the only way to guarantee the country’s independence …”

The Role of Personalities S. 330-340

„… Edouard Brunner’s role in the CSCE is rather unusual, as superpower representatives usually tend to see …” „… neglect by one of the superpowers during the initial phase of the talks partly explains the special …”

Yugoslavia S. 138-141

„… , Belgrade’s ambitions for the conference went beyond the existing superpower balance by mutually assured …”

Making Their Own Instructions S. 340-343

„… History, Vol. 9, No. 1, February 2009. 1-22, here 2. 1317 The neglect by one of the superpowers during …”

Austria S. 36-40

„… . The Eastern superpower pledged to sign the State Treaty without delay and to withdraw its troops by …”

Technical Preparations S. 151-155

„… on 18 November stressing that the two superpowers first had to renounce their aggressive and …”

A Swedish Proposal to Break the Negotiation Impasse S. 273-278

„… Soviet delegations that the superpowers had finally accepted the “globalization” of the negotiations in …”

Moving from Helsinki to Geneva S. 219-226

„… leaders of the two superpowers (thus prejudicing the interests of other states), stressed that “respect …”

Switzerland S. 128-135

„… neutrality influenced by the theory of superpower hegemony over small states, and the prior concern over …”

The N+N at the Helsinki Summit (30 July – 1 August 1975) S. 317-324

„… military superpowers weakens or disappears, or if injustice and misery in the Third World lead to an open …”

Ralph Enckell’s Mission (and the Second Finnish Memorandum) S. 111-120

„… multilateral phase of preparations was tied up with the superpower issue regarding who would participate in the …”

Final Deals on Basket III and the Follow-Up S. 307-316

„… superpowers were particularly dismissive of the proposal, as it touched directly upon their strategic …”

Helsinki-Geneva-Helsinki: Deciding on the Venue of the Conference S. 201-216

„… susceptible to Soviet influence.685Meanwhile, in January 1973, the superpowers had decided on the venue for …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845217703

Hal Brands - American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump

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Hal Brands

American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump

2018

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The Pretty Successful Superpower S. 1-24

„… 11/8/17 2:34 PMThe Pretty Successful Superpower3seen as the logical extension of an approach that …” „… , deepening and ex-tending the liberal order that had taken hold in the West during the superpower competition …” „… Superpower5that this approach was subsequently adopted— with some variation in focus, tone, and emphasis—by …”

American Grand Strategy in the Age of Trump S. 153-182

„… the superpower and the international system it had constructed. The rise of China was increasingly …” „… superpower, and to intensify the stresses on a system that has served Washington and so many others so well …” „… represented the hard- power pillars of its global role.Yet Amer i ca’s run as a superpower has also rested on …”

Preface S. i-xvi

„… PMContentsPreface and Acknowl edgments vii 1 The Pretty Successful Superpower 1 2 Fools Rush Out 25 3 …” „… a radical turn once the superpower conflict ended, that this change led Washing-ton from disaster to …” „… a one- superpower world. This strategy was far from quixotic or counterproductive; it helped create …”

Does America Have Enough Hard Power? S. 127-152

„… “Superpowers don’t bluff,” went a common Obama- era refrain— but today, Amer i ca risks being left with a …” „… the nation should not go if it was to remain a globally engaged superpower.”24 Strat-egy is ultimately …” „… Quadrennial Defense Review put it, “Such a capability is the sine qua non of a superpower and is essential to …”

Notes S. 183-224

„… Superpower,” Washington Post, March 11, 1992. 5. On the long legacy of democracy promotion in U.S. foreign …” „… . 27. Stephen Brooks and William Wohlforth, “The Once and Future Superpower: Why China Won’t Overtake …” „… 2:38 PM200Notes to Pages 81–84 3. Quoted in George Herring, From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign …”

Fortress America and Its Alternatives S. 101-126

„… the path to superpower suicide and a far uglier, more disordered world; the second would involve some …” „… superpower. It contends that the shift toward greater global inte-gration has actually left Amer i ca weaker …” „… thus represent the self- inflicted death of the relatively be-nign American superpower that the world …”

Barack Obama and the Dilemmas of American Grand Strategy S. 49-78

„… as the sole superpower in the new global order. After 1989, every U.S. administration aimed to …” „… superpower whose energies had been taxed by Iraq as well as a punishing finan-cial crisis, and whose soft …”

Index S. 225-backcover1

„… of, 57, 170–73, 181; as sole superpower, 16, 53. See also Allies of United States; Cold War; Grand …”

Is American Internationalism Dead? S. 79-100

„… , arguing—on issues from trade to counterterrorism— that the world’s sole superpower would do better with a …”

Fools Rush Out S. 25-48

„… remained necessary in a world without a rival superpower.8 The specter of retrenchment has loomed larger in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815732792

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Jeanette Schade

Soft Superpower

Series: Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik

Volume 9 2010

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… EntwicklungspolitikSoft SuperpowerNomosJeanette Schade1. Auflage 2010© Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden 2010 …”

Literatur und Datenquellen S. 523-578

„… Lonely Superpower, Foreign Affairs 78/2 (März/April 1999), S. 35-49.Huntington, Samuel P., Who Are We …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845224282

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Simon Serfaty

A World Recast

2012

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Chapter 4. A LONE SUPERPOWER S. 83-110

„… . But even after the United States was left as the century’s last power standing—a “lonely superpower …” „… superpower runs out of capabilities, interests, and will—unless they first strike a deal, which the French …” „… indifferent to diplomacy, not only because of each superpower’s dominance over its respective allies but also …”

Chapter 5. CHOOSING ALLIES S. 111-144

„… 1:15 PMC H O O S I N G A L L I E S 1 1 3the potential of the European Union as a superpower on its …” „… political scientist Andrew Moravcsik, two global superpow-ers still prevail: “one is the United States; the …” „… China, and its nuclear capabilities are second only to the former two superpowers. Around the world …”

BIBLIOGRAPHY S. 159-170

„… ).Huntington, Samuel P. “The Lonely Superpower,” Foreign Affairs 78, no. 2 (March/April 1999).Ignatieff …” „… Global Power to the East (New York: PublicAffairs, 2008).Mandelbaum, Michael. The Frugal Superpower …” „… , Andrew. “Europe: The Quiet Superpower,” French Politics 7, no. 3/4 (2009): 403–22.Morgenthau, Hans J …”

Chapter 2. RECASTING THE GLOBAL SYSTEM S. 13-48

„… balancing that would be designed to “signal a com-mitment to resist the superpower’s future ambitions …” „… neither. With both superpowers reasonably confident that in such a structure time worked on their side …” „… that either superpower is obligated to assert a positive control everywhere in the world—including in …”

INDEX S. 171-180

„… , 51–60, 62–68, 74–76, 88–90, 96, 102–5, 117–23, 142n21, 150–54; as “can’t miss superpower,” 31, 53, 63–64 …” „… , 154–56; superpower potential, 113–14, 116expansionism, 17, 76, 89–90, 93, 98, 123failed states, 3, 38, 62 …” „… , 76, 92superpowers, 17, 19, 21, 31, 35, 53, 63–64, 76, 113–14, 116, 118–19, 123; U.S. as lone, 9, 15 …”

Chapter 1. A POST-WESTERN MOMENT S. 1-12

„… not become yet the superpower it is already said to be. And although Chinese power is ample it is …” „… States, which will remain the world’s lone superpower during the decisive decade ahead. In the twentieth …” „… Ignore a Host’s Boast,” New York Times, December 3, 2011. 18. Michael Mandelbaum, The Frugal Superpower …”

Preface S. i-viii

„… Superpower 83 5 Choosing Allies 111 6 No Time for a Time Out 145Bibliography 159Index 17112_325 …”

Chapter 3. SIGHTS OF POWER S. 49-82

„… its ever-wider core interests. Abroad, it is greeted (but also feared) as the can’t-miss superpower of …” „… aggregate, China is an economic su-perpower scheduled to surpass the U.S. economy as early as 2016 according …” „… confrontation that was feared by the two superpowers. Absent a transparent understand-ing of power sufficiency …”

Chapter 6. NO TIME FOR A TIME OUT S. 145-158

„… . 12. Samuel P. Huntington, “The Lonely Superpower,” Foreign Affairs 78, no. 2 (March/April 1999 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442215894

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