„… The Past as a Resource for the Slave Descendants of Circassians in Turkey Eiji Miyazawa This …” „… Circassian slaves as a resource. Can they empower themselves by re-counting history, which is seemingly more …” „… well-off slave descendants of an Anatolian plateau) in the light of Ardener’s concept of mutedness. The …”

„… of former nobles (werkhs) and descendants of former slaves. The former group claimed to have the …” „… only authentic version of local history, and denied slave descendants any knowledge of history …” „… ascendance of the ex-slaves. Their exaggerated binary representation masked the economic heterogeneity …”

„… Past as a Resource for the Slave Descendants of Circassians in Turkey …”

„… ” [Interview in Sırımlı village]. Ali İhsan Bey says, The Küresins were h(x)ulam [i.e. farmhands or slaves …” „… quested ‘to be protected from xolam [golâm, i.e. household slave] enslavement’. “The golâm either …”

„… African slave who was one of the first converts to Islam, and who was subjected to unspeakable tortures …”

„… involuntary, of mostly Slav speaking European settlers was paralleled by the dramatic decline of the Kazakh …”