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Davis Brown - The Sword, the Cross, and the Eagle

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Davis Brown

The Sword, the Cross, and the Eagle

2008

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Part II. Just War Criteria S. 49-142

„… , Augustine defines just wars as “those which avenge injuries, whenthe nation or city against which warlike …” „… of the four types will now beexplored.DEFENSIVE WARSuarez, like all just war theorists before and …” „… . In contrast to a defensive warJust Cause 73to prevent territory from being taken over by another …”

Part III. Modern Challenges to the Christian Just War Tradition S. 143-212

„… sovereign, whichis a recipe for civil war.Just CauseClassical Christian political theory calls for two …” „… reflected in its iteration of the just causes of war:We believe war is incompatible with the teachings and …” „… IIIMODERN CHALLENGES TO THECHRISTIAN JUST WAR TRADITIONUp to this point, we have been engaged …”

Part I. Introduction S. 1-48

„… for restoring the dual concept of war,through the classic just war tradition. Pioneered by Augustine …” „… war).Part III, consisting of chapters 11 through 13, will examine several prob-lem areas of the just war …” „… incorporatesjustice. In every just warrior resides a bit of Crusader and a bit of peacenik.THREE THEORIES OF WAR IN …”

Notes S. 217-262

„… forwar).25. Paul Jersild, “On the Viability of the Just War Theory,” in Peace and the Just WarTradition …” „… . 95.34. Paul Jersild, “On the Viability of the Just War Theory,” in Peace and the Just WarTradition, ed …” „… Viability of the Just War Theory,” in Peace and the Just WarTradition, ed. Michael J. Stelmachowicz (New …”

Bibliography S. 263-276

„… the Viability of the Just War Theory,” 70–87 in Peace and the Just WarTradition: Lutheran Perspectives …” „… , George H. “Toward a Just Defense,” 37–53 in Peace and the Just War Tradition:Lutheran Perspectives in the …” „… : Discipleship, Pacifism, and Just War Theory. Min-neapolis: Fortress Press, 1994.Cajetan, Cardinal [Tomaso de …”

Index S. 277-292

„… , 23, 33, 46;on ambushes, 58; building uponAugustine, 30, 58, 65, 72, 77;classic just war criteria of …” „… , 64, 86, 146, 149,164; on formal declaration, 57;on just cause, 64, 72–79; onkilling in a just war, 22 …” „… theory ofIndex 283just war tradition: in ancient Rome,6; Catholic contribution to,29–32; Christian …”

Preface

„… . War—Religious aspects—Christianity. 2. Just war doctrine. 3. United States—Military policy—Moral and ethical …” „… • Toronto • Plymouth, UKThe Sword,the Cross, and the EagleThe American Christian Just War TraditionDavis …” „… , Davis.The sword, the cross, and the eagle : the American Christian just war tradition / DavisBrown.p …”

Appendix. Chronology of Major Events S. 213-216

„… destruction by nuclear warfare and the resur-gence of the just war tradition is framed around this problem1948 …” „… 1273—Thomas Aquinas completes the Summa Theologica; his three classic cri-teria for a just war form the …” „… the demise of the just war tradition in Western state-craft, resulting in a lack of restraint on …”

About the Author S. 293-300

„… Davis Brown is director of the Just War Theory Project, a worldwide, multi-disciplinary initiative …” „… of the Academic Council on the United Nations Systemto reevaluate the role of war, intervention, and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780742565609

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John Malkin

Punk Revolution!

2023

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10: Just Another Gulf War S. 147-0

„… 1 4 710JUST ANOTHER GULF WARPunk, US Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and 9/11The best way to avoid …” „… book with journalist/photographer Kenneth Jarecke called Just Another War.JM: What was your interest in …” „… to do that in photos, words, or music.JM: You contributed poems to Just Another War.Exene Cervenka …”

9: “Fight War Not Wars” S. 125-146

„… 1 2 59“FIGHT WAR NOT WARS”Punk Rock, Militarism, and WarI had to regain my self- respect / So I got …” „… build the CIA. But pretty quickly, by 1948, just a few years after the war was over, the world pretty …” „… everywhere, C H A P t e r 91 3 6the war being a virus that just travels around the world—is mainly exported …”

21: Where Is the Revolution Now? S. 315-330

„… just bomb itself in an ever- increasing amount of wars over the scarcity of water and food. Forget the …” „… to reflect on the devastation left behind by recent wars upon Iraq and Afghanistan, the longest war …” „… - lasting post-punk band Killing Joke include “New Cold War” and “War on Freedom,” which hits everything …”

11: “America! Fuck Yeah!” S. 165-174

„… kind of wondered if it was just war tourism. The motivation for touring Iraq he gave during my …” „… anti-establishment reputation felt the need to honor the boys fighting Bush’s vanity war.By that time in my …” „… do?Ishay Berger: No, even worse. Not just punk people, these were promoters. The Vandals had a blog at the …”

8: Positive Force S. 111-124

„… administration. Just as “California Über Alles” was attacking Jerry Brown and not Ronald Rea-gan. So, there’s …” „… who grew up in southeast DC or just across the border in Prince George’s County (Maryland). In 1979 …” „… Valley Green is just as much part of DC as the Lincoln Memorial.However, the organizers of Rock Against …”

1: Mixing Punk and Politics S. 1-18

„… possibility of discussing in music some of the hidden histories of genocide, slavery, and war.Jonny Wickersham …” „… the ones going off to the war.It’s not shocking that young people are going to be mobilized and vocal …” „… first learned that the US war in Vietnam (1968–1975) included egregious bombing and murder in the …”

5: Music Is that Powerful Tool S. 69-84

„… punk shows you’d go to and the energy would be so down it was like war. You were strug-gling to just …” „… / Sihasin)You can’t listen to punk and be a passive person. It just doesn’t work that way! Music that inspires …” „… considered myself an activist. We just found our voice through our instruments and started songwriting about …”

6: Tijuana No! S. 85-94

„… there. It’s with the people who create these wars.Similarly, in a different way, in 2008 at the US …” „… way to criticize anti-immigration politics, the drug war, and gun violence. Tell me about growing up …” „… exists in the country. So, you understand why people need to leave. It’s just something that I couldn’t …”

12: “Nazi Trumps Fuck Off!” S. 175-188

„… Nuremberg Trials after the Second World War.This is suddenly a very interesting and novel situation where …” „… Guanta-namo song was about for- profit private prisons and another—“Three Strikes”—covered the drug war …” „… through digital means, first to make George W. Bush president and now to make Trump president. It just …”

14: “To Hell with Poverty” S. 209-222

„… . It’s just great. I think we need a class war in the United States, actually.Ramsey Kanaan (Political …” „… losses / Capitalism is cannibalism.—“Chock Full of Shit” by MDC (1987)C H A P t e r 1 42 1 0It’s a war …” „… themes of anti-capitalism and class struggle:The Dils, “Class War” (1978) and “I Hate the Rich” (1982 …”

20: How Revolutionary Has Punk Rock Been? S. 303-314

„… A P t e r 2 03 0 4songs we’ve written. You just find something that’s so stupid that you write a …” „… Beatles and Bob Dylan. Just as much with people like Eldridge Cleaver. There are lots of voices outside of …” „… . It seems like there is no silver bullet to get people to think. You just have to keep encouraging. We …”

3: We Are All Pussy Riot S. 37-50

„… simple. It was just before elections when Putin decided to be president for the third term and Patriarch …” „… , just the first chorus and first verse and that’s it.Pussy Riot (Rio Theatre, Santa Cruz, California …” „… your head. For me it’s the most dangerous prison. The one built by the government—it’s just a useless …”

2: Do It Yourself S. 19-36

„… what? You just go ahead.“A Million Miles Away”—we cut that and a B side from midnight until dawn, when the …” „… there and vote whether they wanted to put out my record or not. So, we just put it out ourselves. Back …” „… Thu Win (Rebel Riot): Yeah, bro, DIY is very important in punk rock. But DIY is only just for you. We …”

Preface

„… T W A R N O T W A R S ” Punk Rock, Militarism, and War 125C o n t e n t sv i i i10 J U S T A N …” „… O T H E R G U L F W A R Punk, US Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and 9/11 14711 “ A M E R I C A …” „… vilified. It was first an implicit expression of social war: a direct threat to the ruling class. The …”

4: East Berlin Punk S. 51-68

„… the walled city of West Berlin, a front line in the so-called Cold War. I’m at a punk rock club called …” „… chose to ignore these warnings.—East German policy toward punks in the ’70s and ’80s as explained by Tim …” „… they considered punk a threat. Just like most things they didn’t understand. In a way, they should have …”

15: “White Riot” S. 223-238

„… just the norm.That was my introduction to punk, and I definitely had a lot of hatred toward myself …” „… because I just wanted to fit in like everybody else. Luckily about a year and a half later, my mom decided …” „… it would be much better to live in New York, where I was born. Just to have more variety of people …”

List of Interviews S. 335-340

„… interview, 2003Jarboe (Swans)—Phone interview, 2019Jarecke, Kenneth (photographer, “Just Another War”)—Phone …” „… War)—Phone interview, 2007Talen, Reverend Billy (The Church of Stop Shopping)—Phone interview, 2010 (Live on …” „… (Pennywise / “Punk Rock Dad: No Rules Just Real Life”)—Phone inter-view, 2007Lisher, Greg (Camper Van …”

Notes S. 331-334

„… Cold War Broadcast That Gave East German Dissidents a Voice,” NPR, November 4, 2014.5. Chris Bowlby …” „… Solomon, War Made Easy (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2005).n o t e s3 3 3CHAPter 111. TV ads using Hendrix’s music …” „… Dead—It Just Emigrated,” The Guardian, September 8, 2008.CHAPter 191. Jenna Amatulli, “Burberry Burned …”

Index S. 341-356

„… , Mick, 6, 92Jones, Preston, 141journalism, 4Joy Division, 54Just Another War (Cervenka), 149, 150–51 …” „… Boys), 183Walsh, Ryan, 180–81War Is a Force that Gives Us Meaning (Hedges), 138Warner, Brad, 19, 158 …” „… Medicine, 138, 175–78; humor, 265–66; Iraq Veterans Against the War, 161–62; on moral codes, 290–91; “Nazi …”

17: The Revolution Is Personal S. 255-270

„… changing yourself and the world?Dave Wakeling (The English Beat): It is symbiotic. You’re just singing …” „… ! [laugh] I was doing it just so I wouldn’t punch the wall!JM: I hear in your music that you’re addressing …” „… trapped in thinking that you’re just your thoughts. It’s another mistake.The Buddha said that there was no …”

13: “I Am an Anarchist” S. 189-208

„… an anarchist anymore. I’m just an angry sixty- one- year- old man.—Steve Ignorant (Crass / Slice of …” „… civilized behavior. In fact, it’s supposed to be just the opposite! Instead of having some outside force …” „… : just hit it once on top and it would crack to its foundations and shatter. You didn’t need to attack it …”

18: The Revolution Will Be Commodified S. 271-292

„… opening chords of “Search & Destroy” from Iggy’s Raw Power album in a Nike commercial! (1996) That just …” „… company.” I said, “But Klaus, they just laid off six thousand people in Texas! At the same time giving a …” „… Fails Us Now)” would be the ultimate irony and we would embrace that whole- heartedly. Just listen to …”

16: “Equal but Different” S. 239-254

„… because all hell was breaking loose. No one could tell you that you couldn’t do it. You just did it. Rock …” „… about The Slits being women: they just got together with friends. They were the revolu-tion! There were …” „… they just get written out. Even the riot grrrl movement got written out. Every time you think there’s a …”

7: Pansy Division S. 95-110

„… was in a field that I wanted to do, which is music. And create that same effect where people just …” „… Helms and Pat Rob-ertson were just pounding on gay issues. I thought, “I am not going to be cowed by …” „… Ramones and Patti Smith concerts; the audience looked like it was just mad-ness. That was punk rock.The …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538171738

Shing-I Liu, Ulfrid Neumann - Gerechtigkeit - Theorie und Praxis. Justice - Theory and Practice

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Shing-I Liu (Hrsg.), Ulfrid Neumann (Hrsg.)

Gerechtigkeit - Theorie und Praxis. Justice - Theory and Practice

2011

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Konstantinos Papageorgiou Cosmopolitanism, Compatriotic Bias and Just War S. 135-144

„… 135 Konstantinos Papageorgiou Cosmopolitanism, Compatriotic Bias and Just War∗ In memory of …” „… Arthur Kaufmann I. Just war and the dilemmas of pure cosmopolitanism Moral license to declare and …” „… particular problems of allocation of moral cost in the requirements of Just War. I hope we will thereby be …”

Alexander Bröstl On Faces and Traces of Justice S. 19-28

„… inside the door and one for outside the door.5 It is possible to call “just” either the path of the law …” „… the both do not coincide, than it should be possible for a law to be called just or unjust. But did …” „… Justice 21 sworn you will decide as in your judgment is most just … On the basis of what you deem most …”

Csaba Varga Coming to Terms With the Past Under the Rule of Law. Principles and Constitutional Assessments (A Case Study of Hungary) S. 215-236

„… his/her response, I quoted “an example, apparently extreme but by far not unrealistic, from World War II …” „… on routine is just as much one of the choices for a genuinely creative, responsible and responsive …” „… pseudo-object as the objection itself makes it to be just of a rhetorical use. Apparently, “these arguments in …”

Ada Polajnar-Pavčnik Salus aut voluntas aegroti? S. 145-156

„… appropriate and just that the victim alone bears the damage. This idea, however, is only consistent when the …” „… introduction I stressed the classical principle that it is neither appropriate nor just that the victim alone …” „… should bear the damage. On the other hand, it is not appropriate and just either that in the name of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… . Konstantinos PAPAGEORGIOU Cosmopolitanism, Compatriotic Bias and Just War …” „… School and the World War II …”

Hiroshi Kabashima Kyoto School and the World War II S. 81-94

„… 81 Hiroshi Kabashima Kyoto School and the World War II 1. Starting point – philosophy and …” „… Indian, the Chinese and the Japanese.5 On the occasion of the Golf War of 1993, Huntington predicted …” „… orthodox Russia. Kyoto School and the World War II 83 ism by the Islam fundamentalists in Pakistan or in …”

Aurelio De Prada Glocal Justice S. 173-184

„… state justice, because the exceptional circumstances created by war, and also the fact that such trials …” „… tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and the crime of …” „… for the current leader of Sudan, Al Bashir, making him the first head of state to be charged with war …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845228570

Christine Chwaszcza - Moral Responsibility and Global Justice

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Christine Chwaszcza

Moral Responsibility and Global Justice

Reihe: Studies in Political Theory

Band 1 2011

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Beyond Just-war Theory S. 84-91

„… actually prevail.4.2. Beyond Just-war TheoryJust-war theory was originally developed within the theoretical …” „… ethicalcompetence of individual persons, just-war theory already faces the problem ofidentifying its addressee. In …” „… its traditional form, just-war theory addressed “theprince;” in contemporary versions, it is usually …”

Contemporary Challenges and Theoretical Options: An Overview S. 75-84

„… legitimacy of warfare.His criticism of just-war theory is motivated as much by moral concern for the“people …” „… arelandmarks of the tradition. Whereas just-war theory, as the name indicates, isprimarly concerned with the …” „… that typicallyexist in countries just emerging from civil war.” (Paris 2004, ix)81became one of the …”

Bibliography S. 195-206

„… Humanitarian Intervention,” in: Holzgrefe/Keohane(2003), 130-174.– (2006): “Institutionalizing the Just War …” „… ., 17-34.Luban, David (1980a): “Just War and Human Rights,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 9 (1980) 160-181 …” „… , Mass./London:Harvard University Press.Regan, Richard J. (1996): Just War. Principles and Cases, Washington, D.C.: The …”

Transnational Responsibilities to Protect Human Rights. The Ethical Debate S. 134-145

„… the ethical framework of just-war theory, it seems appropriate to spell outsome major differences …” „… between just-war theory and an institutional approach basedon human rights standards.46 Cf. Paris (2004 …” „… present analysis in contrast to approaches ofthe topic from just-war theory is that it must be accepted …”

The Legalist Paradigm and the Limits of Normative Institutionalism in Peace Ethics S. 91-102

„… only just cause of inter-state war. It arguesfor the two-fold claim that self-defense is a collective …” „… traditional just-wartheory, but constitutes an institutional approach that is explicitly norm-oriented …” „… calls the “legalist paradigm.” Although Walzer introduced theparadigm in a book entitled “Just and …”

States as Legal Persons and the Assignment of Collective Responsibilities S. 54-67

„… can declare war, not individual persons; it isstates that sign treaties with other states; and it is …” „… inits reference to “action.” Actions are not just physical movements, but meaningfulbehavior. In an …” „… pretend to consider the activities ofmembers of the university “just as actions and dispositions of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Argument and Practical Conditions of Application 83104.2. Beyond Just-war Theory 844.3. The …” „… Approach 1345.3.2. Humanitarian Intervention as the Collective Responsibilityto Promote Just Institutions …”

Socioeconomic Human-rights Requirements Beyond the Nation-state S. 156-168

„… sense are “empirically contingent.” The objection is welcome. That too is just the way it is supposed to …” „… influence leading to the dire states of affairs – which are often man-made, and consist in war, civil war …” „… who suffer from civil war, prolonges the international conflict, because the conflicting parties …”

Human Rights Standards and International Institutions S. 32-35

„… , rules for the protection of prisoners of war, and the conventions concerning thelegal status of …” „… into a legal requirementenhances its enforceablity within a “just” system of law, enforceability does …” „… notguarantee that the legal system is just. If one does not want to undermine thenormativ-critical force of …”

The Structure of Moral and Legal Discourse of Humanitarian Intervention S. 113-119

„… humanitarian intervention as a subject of just-war theory or peace ethics ingeneral.4 As argued in chapter 4 …” „… , because unlike war humanitarian intervention neither aims at territorialrevision nor at the installment of …” „… Developing it? TheUnited States and the Humanitarian Use of Force in the Post-Cold War Era,” Roth (2003 …”

The Normative Substance of Human Rights Standards S. 26-32

„… endof II.13: “Therefore Law is the distinction between things just and unjust, made in the agreementwith …” „… , or prisoners, or enemies of war, orstateless persons. It seems worth adding that the moral and legal …” „… protection of prisoners of war, and the conventions concerning thelegal status of stateless persons or asylum …”

The Permissibility of Humanitarian Intervention. The Legal Debate S. 119-134

„… Post-Cold War Era,” Roth (2003)identifies two non-positivistic schools of legal theory in international law …” „… international law. Itwill suffice to quote just two opinions. Whereas Reisman (2000) obviously suggeststhat …” „… just an internationalminority position. From a normative perspective, which conceives of human rightsas …”

Human Rights Standards and Voluntary Migration S. 171-181

„… humanitarian support for refugees2 – who often just cross borders to neighboring states3 –, or to political …” „… phenomenon of transnational migration is still a normative lacuna. Since “citizens” are not just individuals …” „… appropriate response to the circumstances after World War II, which has left many Germans in previously …”

Human Rights as Standards of Legitimacy S. 17-26

„… justified and could beexpected to be established. For this reason situations of anarchy or civil war …” „… rules such as rules of games ormere etiquette. For brevity’s sake, I will from now on just talk about …” „… thatregulate behavior, the conclusion can actually be warranted. Although freedom ofspeech might appear to …”

Human Rights Standards and the Normative Status of Institutional Goals S. 149-154

„… altogether different reasons are as good normative reasons as human rights standards are. It is just to say …” „… question the enforceability of socioeconomic rights, but warns that turning them into legally enforceable …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845227436

Joachim Dolezik - Narratives on Just War in International Law

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Joachim Dolezik

Narratives on Just War in International Law

Reihe: Internationales Recht der Gegenwart

Band 2 2023

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II. The Narrative of Indifference S. 29-40

„… distinguishing between just andunjust causes for war113 as well as rebuking unjust conduct in war,“prohibited by …” „… Dualism of Just and Legal WarApart from these implications for natural law, and with regard to the …” „… passage:“In recently revived debates over the idea and conception of the just war,a perception of Grotius is …”

III. The Narrative of bellum legale S. 41-50

„… became thestarting-point for a movement once more to distinguish between just andunjust wars.”171 …” „… newly created collective security system,there was no room left for the concept of a just war.173However …” „… the Concept of Just War in International Law, 33American Journal of International Law, 687 (1939).172 …”

I. Introduction S. 11-28

„… Doctrine of Just War,rather it was intended to overcome this doctrine.“D. Outline27 …” „… tradition, let alone uttering the emotive term “just war.”1 As Josef L.Kunz put it in 1951:“That this …” „… between different wars. The basis ofdistinction was not, as in the classic doctrine, between just and …”

X. Conclusion S. 87-94

„… of the just war concept. OlivierCorten points to “‘European formalism,’ given the emphasis placed …” „… the history of international lawreveals that the just war doctrine has been alive within the …” „… standpoint in legaltheory,378 there is certainly no “correct” narrative when it comes to anadapted just war …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… . 29The Legal Significance of Early Modern Natural LawA. 30The Dualism of Just and Legal WarB. 31The …” „… ISBN 978-3-7560-0706-6Dolezik • Narratives on Just War in International Law2Narratives on Just War …” „… DolezikNarratives on Just War in International LawNomos1. Auflage 2023© Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden 2023 …”

Bibliography S. 95-114

„… to Present, New York 2021,pp. 3–28.Brown, Chris, Justified: Just War and the Ethics of Violence and …” „… .Claude, Jr., Inis L., Just Wars: Doctrines and Institutions, Political Science Quarterly 95(1980), pp …” „… . 83–96.Conforti, Benedetto, The Doctrine of “Just War” and Contemporary International Law,in: MacDonald …”

IV. The Narrative of the Antinomy of Peace / Security and Justice in the Collective Security System S. 51-56

„… just war, which basically is another way of de‐scribing the equation of bellum iustum and bellum legale …” „… respective states.240 The “Who fires the first shot” principle is viewedin light of an adapted just war …” „… concept. “Just war” means individual orcollective self-defense against an aggressor who has violated …”

VII. The Narrative of Secularization S. 77-78

„… The Doctrinal Origins of Ius in Bello: From Rights of War to the Laws of War,in UNIVERSALITY AND …” „… political organization was no longer rooted in the idea ofa just order, i.e. the idea of a just peace …” „… terms: This signified the rise of positivism:“Just shut up and obey.”335Within the framework of this …”

V. The ius contra bellum Narrative S. 57-70

„… V. The ius contra bellum NarrativeAnother main objection regarding contemporary just war concepts …” „… does not monopolize it at centralorgans.C. The Narrative of the Outlawry of WarTo end this section with …” „… self-evident.First of all, one can refer to large-scale fighting in the case of civil wars,which are within the …”

VIII. Narratives of Responsible Sovereignty S. 79-84

„… the UN Security Council and does not put forward an adapt‐ed just war concept in the form of criteria …” „… sphere since the end of World War II is of particularrelevance.339 The military protection of human …” „… rights was explicitly referredto as a war aim in the Atlantic Charter.340 At the San Francisco …”

IX. Constitutionalization Narratives S. 85-86

„… just war concepts can be addressed: from “value-neutral” coexistence to “value-oriented” (Friedmannian …” „… area of law enforcement. Hence, it is hardly surpris‐ing that adapted just war concepts are gaining …”

VI. The Narrative of a “Positive” Peace S. 71-76

„… of contempo‐rary just war concepts in international law concerns the practice of the UNSecurity …” „… found expression in an UNSecurity Council Presidential Statement in 1992:“The absence of war and …” „… − similar to the narratives of “outlawry of war” and ius contraVÖLKERRECHTLICHE DEMOKRATIEGEBOT: EINE …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748942962

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