Zusammenfassung
Neue Pflanzenzüchtungstechnologien wie CRISPR/Cas haben das Potenzial zur Verbesserung der Nachhaltigkeit in der Landwirtschaft. Mit den Techniken des Genome Editing können die Erträge bei gleichzeitig reduziertem Pestizideinsatz gesteigert werden. Auch an der Verbesserung des Nährwerts von Pflanzen wird weltweit geforscht. Ob die neuen Techniken allerdings in Europa zum Einsatz kommen, ist gegenwärtig fraglich. Soll Genome Editing wie die „klassische“ Gentechnik reguliert werden? Und wie kann eine verantwortliche Auslegung des Vorsorgeprinzips beim Einsatz der neuen Technologien aussehen? Die politische Diskussion um die Bewertung der neuen Pflanzenzüchtungstechnologien ist in vollem Gange. Die Beiträge dieses Sammelbands präsentieren rechtliche, soziale und ethische Aspekten zum Thema, die auf einer Summer School des Instituts Technik-Theologie-Naturwissenschaften (TTN) an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München zur Diskussion standen.
Mit Beiträgen von
Stephan Schleissing; Sebastian Pfeilmeier; Christian Dürnberger; Jarst van Belle; Jan Schaart; Robert van Loo; Katharina Unkel; Thorben Sprink; Aurélie Jouanin; Marinus J.M. Smulders; Hans-Georg Dederer; Brigitte Voigt; Felix Beck; João Otávio Benevides Demasi; Bartosz Bartkowski; Chad M. Baum; Alexander Bogner; Helge Torgersen; Sebastian Schubert; Anne Friederike Hoffmann; Ksenia Gerasimova; Karolina Rucinska
Abstract
Neue Pflanzenzüchtungstechnologien wie CRISPR/Cas haben das Potenzial zur Verbesserung der Nachhaltigkeit in der Landwirtschaft. Mit den Techniken des Genome Editing können die Erträge bei gleichzeitig reduziertem Pestizideinsatz gesteigert werden. Auch an der Verbesserung des Nährwerts von Pflanzen wird weltweit geforscht. Ob die neuen Techniken allerdings in Europa zum Einsatz kommen, ist gegenwärtig fraglich. Soll Genome Editing wie die „klassische“ Gentechnik reguliert werden? Und wie kann eine verantwortliche Auslegung des Vorsorgeprinzips beim Einsatz der neuen Technologien aussehen? Die politische Diskussion um die Bewertung der neuen Pflanzenzüchtungstechnologien ist in vollem Gange. Die Beiträge dieses Sammelbands präsentieren rechtliche, soziale und ethische Aspekten zum Thema, die auf einer Summer School des Instituts Technik-Theologie-Naturwissenschaften (TTN) an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München zur Diskussion standen.
Mit Beiträgen von
Stephan Schleissing; Sebastian Pfeilmeier; Christian Dürnberger; Jarst van Belle; Jan Schaart; Robert van Loo; Katharina Unkel; Thorben Sprink; Aurélie Jouanin; Marinus J.M. Smulders; Hans-Georg Dederer; Brigitte Voigt; Felix Beck; João Otávio Benevides Demasi; Bartosz Bartkowski; Chad M. Baum; Alexander Bogner; Helge Torgersen; Sebastian Schubert; Anne Friederike Hoffmann; Ksenia Gerasimova; Karolina Rucinska
Schlagworte
Klimawandel Umwelt OECD Gentechnik Genome Editing Risks Biotechnology New Breeding Techniques Precautionary Principle Responsible Innovation genetic modified organism GMO14 Treffer gefunden
- „... applicable. Hence, the use of the term GMO is key. GMOs cannot escape regulation under the EU’s GMO-specific ...” „... of products as ‘GMO-free’.36 Such labels inform the consumer that no GMOs have been used or involved ...” „... . Nevertheless, these are exempt from the EU’s GMO-specific legal framework, i.e., from risk regulation ...”
- „... ) – Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and Danube Soya – which belong to the same European network, GMO-Free ...” „... (i.e. NGOs). Secondly, they have good access to European policy-makers.28 The database GMO-Free Europe ...” „... Corporate Watch EcoNexus Friends of the Earth UK GeneWatch UK GM-free Scotland GM Freeze GM Watch GMO-Free ...”
- „... CRISPR/Cas would not be regulated like GMO plants. In Europe, too, the verdict raised the odd eyebrow ...” „... generally classifies the organisms created by such methods as “genetically modified organisms (GMO)” in ...” „... to those which result from the production and release of a GMO through transgenesis.”7 Furthermore ...”
- „... compels corporations to produce and submit GMO-related information to national authorities, which in turn ...” „... .51 Some of the major criticisms espoused by GMO opponents, therefore, relate more to the economic ...” „... , https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cartagena-protocol-en.pdf Clancy, Kelly and Clancy, Benjamin, Growing monstrous organisms: the construction of anti-GMO ...”
- „... C-528/16 that genome edited organisms are regulated through the EU’s GMO regime, cf. ECJ, Case C ...” „... the rejection of GMO imports under certain conditions) and the EU's genetic engineering law were ...” „... they can be a double-edged sword. GMO labelling, for example, gives consumers more control, but, while ...”
- „... 27 outstanding GMO authorizations (pre-market assessment). It also left open the option to exercise ...” „... trade agreements). Scientifically, a GEP and a non-GMO are equivalent, but in the context of the ...” „... products’ also a GEP, a non-GEP, a GMO, a non-GMO? Scientifically, a GEP is equal with a non-GMO, but for ...”
- „... simultaneously induce accurate mutations in all three subgenomes. IV. The Impact of Different GMO Legislations ...” „... current GMO legislation. Below, the EU legal framework is compared with the Canadian legal framework as ...” „... Different GMO Legislations on Genome Edited Products Worldwide, different approaches to the governance of ...”
- „... science, which may well prevent GMO-labeled products from being accepted as healthy, fresh, and good. On ...” „... new cultivar is regulated as GMO can be assessed in terms of the cultivar itself (product based) or in ...” „... cost. So far in 2018, there have been only five new applications for field trials of GMO plants in ...”
- „... should be considered GMO – in order to avoid being rendered irrelevant by future developments; (iii) take ...” „... / Chatalova, Lioudmila: Rationalizing the GMO Debate: The Ordonomic Approach to Addressing Agricultural Myths ...” „... Pathways, Glob. Food Secur. 10, 2016, 71–79. Kim, Jungeun/ Kim, Jin-Soo: Bypassing GMO Regulations with ...”
- „... methods or is a GMO in the legal sense. In some cases, such a change could even have occurred naturally ...” „... GMO7 determines whether, and under which conditions, it can be imported into the EU. Another ...” „... case of nanotechnology. Many policy actors demanded that nanotechnology should not become ‘another GMO ...”
- „... Nutrition (Formerly Qualitas Plantarum), 31(3) 1982, 229-241. Potrykus, Ingo: “Golden Rice”, A GMO-Product ...” „... , Joachim/Hartung, Frank: Plant Genome Editing in the European Union – to be or not to be – a GMO, Plant ...” „... on hold. It would also lead geneedited plants and derivative products to be classified as GMOs. This ...”
- „... field of GMO regulation. In addition to monographs, articles, and commentaries, he has provided legal ...” „... Sciences in Vienna, where he works to this day. Since 1990, he has focused on safety regulations of GMOs ...”
- „... question whether the European Union’s GMO legislation applies to genome edited organisms,14 which the ...”
- „... : https://cban.ca/gmos/products/ge-animals/enviropig/ 2018. Coles, D./Frewer, L. J./Goddard, E.: Ethical Issues and Potential Stakeholder Priorities ...”