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Naulila 1914. World War I in Angola and International Law / Conclusion
Naulila 1914. World War I in Angola and International Law / Conclusion
Contents
Chapter
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1–14
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–14
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15–30
Introduction
15–30
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State of the Art and Objects of Investigation
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Sources
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Historians as Lawyers – Lawyers as Historians? Questions and Outline
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31–240
PART ONE. The First World War in Angola in its Historical Context
31–240
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1. Luso-German Colonial Relations before the First World War
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1.1 Slicing the “African Cake” – the Borders of Angola and GSWA
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1.1.1 Devising International Law – the Congo-Conference 1884/5
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1.1.2 German Colonialism in Southern Africa and the Luso-German Border
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1.1.3 Competing Neighbors – Luso-British Border Disputes 1886–1905
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1.2 “Medical Adviser” or “Heir”? – the Agreements of 1898 and 1913
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1.3 The Portuguese in Southern Angola
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1.3.1 Contact, Commerce, and Colonialism in Angola, ca. 1840–1900
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1.3.2 Moçâmedes, the Planalto, and Portuguese Settlement Policies
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1.3.3 Além-Cunene – Military and Missionary Perspectives, 1900–1914
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1.3.4 Famine, Labor, and Taxation in Southern Angola
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1.4 New Friends? – Luso-German Trade and the Study Commission
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2. The First World War in Angola and GSWA
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2.1 The Outbreak of the War and its Impact on GSWA and Angola
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2.2 Beyond German Reach – Smuggling Food across Angola
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2.3 Misunderstandings – the Naulila Incident, October 1914
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2.4 Revenge? – Devastating the Kavango Forts, Oct.–Nov. 1914
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2.5 The Build-up of the Army in Angola, August–December 1914
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2.6 Colonial Armies on the Southern African Battlefield, 1914–1915
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2.6.1 An Ancient Institution – the Portuguese Colonial Army in Angola
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2.6.2 A New Breed – the Colonial Army of GSWA
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2.6.3 The South African Conquest of GSWA (I), September–December 1914
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2.6.4 An Unlikely Victory – the Battle of Naulila, December 18, 1914
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2.6.5 The Power of Rumor – the Portuguese Retreat, December 1914
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2.6.6 The South African Conquest of GSWA (II), January–July 1915
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2.7 Greater than a “Small War” – the “Rebellion” in Angola, 1914–15
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2.7.1 The “Expedition” under General Pereira de Eça, 1915
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2.7.2 Reforms and the Coming of War – King Mandume, 1911–15
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2.7.3 Battle Between Equals? – Mongua, August 18–20, 1915
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2.7.4 Famine in Ovamboland and the Death of King Mandume, 1915–1917
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2.7.5 Inverted Chronology – POWs, Seizures, and the Declaration of War
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241–386
PART TWO. The Arbitration Procedure and Awards
241–386
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3. The Luso-German Arbitration Procedure 1919–1928
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3.1 The Treaty of Versailles and Arbitration
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3.1.1 Interstate Arbitration – a Historical Overview
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3.1.2 The Cost of War – Portuguese Finances and Claims for Reparations
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3.1.3 Whose Slice? – the Fate of Germany’s and Portugal’s Colonies, 1919
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3.1.4 Arbitration before Reparations – § 4 of the Annex to Art. 297–298 TV
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3.2 Personnel Involved
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3.2.1 Who is to Decide? – Appointing an Arbitrator, 1920
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3.2.2 How to Decide? – the Competences of Arbitrator de Meuron
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3.2.3 Instead of Prosecution and Defense – the National Representatives
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3.3 Portuguese Claims and German Responses. Four Memoranda
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3.3.1 Claims for Damages, Amounts, and Applicable Law
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3.3.2 “History” as a Legal Argument – a Portuguese Claim
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3.3.3 Just War, Right of Self-Defense, Reprisals, and Anticipatory Attack
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3.3.4 Proportionality and Necessity of Military Reprisals
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3.3.5 Violence, Non-Combatant Immunity, and War Crimes
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3.3.6 Portugal’s Neutrality – a German Claim
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3.3.7 Discourses of Honor and Dishonor
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3.3.8 Foreign Influence and Missionaries
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3.3.9 Names, Citizenship, and “Races”
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3.3.10 Proof beyond texts. Maps, Photographs, and Witnesses, 1924–1926
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3.4 Colonial Border Agreements, Pleadings, New Arbitrators, 1926
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4. The Award of 1928 (Merits)
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4.1 Disproportion évidente – Content of the Award
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4.2 Responses to the Award. The Amount of Portugal’s Damages
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4.2.1 German Hopes – A Possibility of Non-Payment?
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4.2.2 The Portuguese Memorandum, October 1928
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4.2.3 The German Counter-Memorandum, March 1929
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4.2.4 The Portuguese Replique and the German Duplique, April/June 1929
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4.2.5 The Pleadings and the Dispute about the Young-Plan, 1929/30
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5. The Award of 1930 (Amounts)
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5.1. Direct and Indirect Damages – Content of the Award
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5.2 The Negotiations over the Young-Plan
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6. Can the Germans Pay? The Award of 1933 (Execution)
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387–438
PART THREE. Legal and Historiographic Perspectives on the World War in Angola, 1918–2014
387–438
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7. Portuguese and German Reactions to the Awards
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8. The afterlife of Naulilaa in International Law
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9. Naulila and King Mandume in the Memorial Cultures of Portugal, Germany, Angola and Namibia
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9.1 Writing about “Heroes”: Portugal
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9.2 Writing about “Heroes”: Germany
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9.3 History as a Source of (National) Pride: Angola
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9.4 History as a Source of (National) Pride: Namibia
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439–445
Conclusion
439–445
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446–452
Archival Sources
446–452
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453–456
Sources of Illustrations
453–456
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457–506
Literature
457–506
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507–516
Indexes
507–516
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Naulila 1914. World War I in Angola and International Law , page 439 - 445
Conclusion
Autoren
Jakob Zollmann
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783845271606-439
ISBN print: 978-3-8487-2547-2
ISBN online: 978-3-8452-7160-6
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