Zusammenfassung
Die Arbeit betrachtet bilaterale und multilaterale grenzüberschreitende Investitionsregeln und fragt nach dem geeigneten Forum multilateraler Investitionsregeln. Als Ausgangspunkt dient die Erklärung der WTO Doha Ministerkonferenz, welche die Aufnahme von Verhandlungen über multilaterale Investitionsregeln zum Gegenstand hat. Investitionsbegriffe werden definiert sowie bilaterale und multilaterale Investitionsregeln miteinander verglichen. Weiterhin betrachtet die Arbeit einschlägige WTO-Regeln und Streitschlichtungsverfahren. Am Ende wird ermittelt, ob die WTO oder eine andere internationale Organisation als geeignetes Forum zum Abschluss und der Durchsetzung multilateraler Investitionsregeln dienen könnte.
Abstract
Die Arbeit betrachtet bilaterale und multilaterale grenzüberschreitende Investitionsregeln und fragt nach dem geeigneten Forum multilateraler Investitionsregeln. Als Ausgangspunkt dient die Erklärung der WTO Doha Ministerkonferenz, welche die Aufnahme von Verhandlungen über multilaterale Investitionsregeln zum Gegenstand hat. Investitionsbegriffe werden definiert sowie bilaterale und multilaterale Investitionsregeln miteinander verglichen. Weiterhin betrachtet die Arbeit einschlägige WTO-Regeln und Streitschlichtungsverfahren. Am Ende wird ermittelt, ob die WTO oder eine andere internationale Organisation als geeignetes Forum zum Abschluss und der Durchsetzung multilateraler Investitionsregeln dienen könnte.
- Kapitel Ausklappen | EinklappenSeiten
- 9–12 Abstract 9–12
- 13–18 Introduction 13–18
- 55–55 V. Interim Result 55–55
- 67–68 VII. Taxation 67–68
- 68–69 VIII. Transparency 68–69
- 71–71 X. Interim Result 71–71
- 78–79 IV. Investor 78–79
- 79–80 V. Individuals 79–80
- 100–101 C. Summary of Arguments 100–101
- 106–107 II. GATT 106–107
- 107–109 III. GATS 107–109
- 109–111 IV. TRIMS 109–111
- 111–113 V. TRIPS 111–113
- 113–114 VI. SCM Agreement 113–114
- 114–115 VII. DSU 114–115
- 116–117 I. GATT 1947 116–117
- 117–127 IV. TRIMS Agreement 117–127
- 127–128 E. Evaluation 127–128
- 144–144 I. DSU 144–144
- 145–146 III. Trade-Type Approach 145–146
- 146–148 I. United Nations 146–148
- 148–150 II. World Bank 148–150
- 150–150 III. OECD 150–150
- 151–152 Conclusion 151–152
- 153–165 Bibliography 153–165
37 Treffer gefunden
- „... 150III. OECDThe OECD may provide another suitable forum to host the Agreement. First, its mandate ...” „... .921 However, the OECD has a very limited and less diversified membership than the WTO. Most members ...” „... OECD, but Member States of the WTO. In addition, the OECD lacks a dispute settlement mechanism ...”
- „... Dispute Settlement in the OECD Draft Multilateral Investment Agreement,« in: Multilateral Regulation of ...” „... . (hereinafter Malanczuk)Mark-Ungericht, B. and M. Fuchs, »Vom GATT zur OECD (MAI) zur WTO – Versuche der ...” „... a Multilateral Agreement on Investment: an Assessment of the Negotiation Process in the OECD ...”
- „... qualified to host negotiations and administration of the Agreement as is the WTO.150III. OECDThe OECD may ...” „... draft MAI, for which negotiations miscarried in 1998 at a rather advanced level.921 However, the OECD ...” „... developing923 and least developed countries, which are not members of the OECD, but Member States of the WTO ...”
- „... prospective negotiations on these issues are the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (hereinafter ...” „... 23.360 Karl (FILJ) 17 et seq.361 Karl (FILJ) 16.362 The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are ...” „... available at the OECD homepage. 6433 signatories and the guidelines are merely recommendations on ...”
- „... in this area is offered by the OECD Model Tax Convention, although it is a regional and nonbinding ...” „... . Experiences of the OECD, which has an important role dealing with the co-ordination of national and ...” „... more information refer to: Faulconbridge 5.403 Canner 664 et seq.; Goldberg/Kindleberger 71.404 OECD ...”
- „... .323 Nunnenkamp/Pant 25.324 Moran 273; Kumar 3152 et seq.; Masa’deh 251 et seqq.325 OECD 2002 85 et ...” „... 242; Daly 8.328 The OECD draft of a Multilateral Agreement on Investment contained an Article on ...” „... investment incentives. However, the non-binding OECD Instrument on Investment Incentives and ...”
- „... of restrictive and distorting investment rules.Both approaches were contentious during OECD ...” „... offered by the OECD Model Tax Convention, although it is a regional and nonbinding legal instrument.404 ...” „... expected to be left unconsidered at the end of such negotiations. Experiences of the OECD, which has an ...”
- „... appropriately in the negotiation results. The OECD, on the other hand, demands unanimous voting unless otherwise ...” „... . However, as shown further above, the OECD membership is to low and undiversified to negotiate a balanced ...” „... majority voting of present or represented members at the meeting).885 Article 6 OECD Agreement.886 Refer to ...”
- „... only pre-establishment investment issues, post-establishment invest-61 OECD MAI para. II.2.62 Article 2 ...” „... possible assets.64 Karl 158.65 OECD MAI para. II.2.66 Article 1139 NAFTA Treaty.67 ASEAN, »Framework ...” „... organisations, specifically UNCTAD, OECD, and the IMF, the term investment can be divided into four categories ...”
- „... example, for the OECD where negotiations failed in 1998 without attempts to resume until August 2007 ...” „... .; Nicoletti OECD, 29 et seq.; Nunnenkamp/Pant 32; Lal Das 2; Muchlinsky (GD) 1; Drabek 10; Sauvé 58; Masa’deh ...” „... sophisticated input from non-governmental organisations may not be neglected. The OECD has neglected such input ...”
- „... opposing such an Agreement. A few years ago, respective negotiations in the OECD on the MAI failed and ...” „... related activities.564 The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises provide a multilateral-based ...” „... towards non-behaving companies.565Although the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises refer to ...”
- „... organisations, e.g. World Bank, United Nations, OECD considered to also being capable to host the Agreement.This ...” „... . This could not be said, for example, for the OECD where negotiations failed in 1998 without attempts to ...”
- „... neglected. The OECD has neglected such input during the MAI negotiations, but the WTO increasingly ...” „... that the credibility of the WTO is higher than the one of the OECD from the viewpoint of the ...”
- „... of the World Bank, the WTO, the OECD and numerous universities on this subject matter during the last ...” „... diverse international organisations, e.g. OECD; World Bank, United Nations, UNCTAD, International Monetary ...”
- „... better adherence to obligations by Member States. The OECD final draft of the MAI also included ...” „... Bergsten/Graham 119.410 Bergsten/Graham 120.411 Karl (FILJ) 22.412 OECD MAI, para. V; Karl (FILJ) 22; Brewer/Young ...”
- „... such international organisations disagreement exists. UNCTAD, World Bank, OECD and the WTO have ...” „... and in Cancun and struggles with such negative outcome still in August 2007.485 The OECD 482 For ...”
- „... Establishing the European Economic Community (1957), the OECD Code of Liberalisation of Capital Movements (1961 ...” „... Non-Binding Investment Principles (1994) or the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance (1999). Further, six ...”
- „... World Bank, the OECD or only a member of some of these international institutions. Thus, Level 2 ...” „... extensive well-balanced Agreement.455442 This was even a problem during OECD negotiations, refer to Böhmer ...”
- „... , as a previous attempt to initiate talks between OECD member States on a multilateral agreement on ...” „... since 1998, the year when OECD members called off their negotiations on the MAI.46 It may be due to this ...”
- „... such international organisations disagreement exists. UNCTAD, World Bank, OECD and the WTO have ...”
- „... such international organisations disagreement exists. UNCTAD, World Bank, OECD and the WTO have ...”
- „... eventually being capable to negotiate and administer the Agreement are solely the OECD or the United Nations ...”
- „... of restrictive and distorting investment rules.Both approaches were contentious during OECD ...”
- „... disagreement exists. UNCTAD, World Bank, OECD and the WTO have conducted research and published several essays ...”
- „... Arguments 146D. Alternatives to WTO Forum 146I. United Nations 146II. World Bank 1488III. OECD 150 ...”
- „... Guidelines for the Treatment of Foreign Direct Investments or the OECD Convention on the Protection of ...”
- „... eventually being capable to negotiate and administer the Agreement are solely the OECD or the United Nations ...”
- „... investment.205195 OECD 2003 28 et seq.; Gaisford 126-148.196 Refer to Chapter TWO B. II. 8).197 WTO World ...”
- „... .323 Nunnenkamp/Pant 25.324 Moran 273; Kumar 3152 et seq.; Masa’deh 251 et seqq.325 OECD 2002 85 et ...”
- „... since they along with developing countries were surprised by and locked from the OECD talks.465 ...”
- „... investment rules since they along with developing countries were surprised by and locked from the OECD talks ...”
- „... of restrictive and distorting investment rules.Both approaches were contentious during OECD ...”
- „... 188.726 Section II. 2. (iv) of the OECD MAI; Karl 158.727 Sauvé 68.728 Dattu 294; Brewer/Young (WC) 75 ...”
- „... the OECD from the viewpoint of the non-governmental organisations. IV. Charter Structure ...”
- „... eventually being capable to negotiate and administer the Agreement are solely the OECD or the United Nations ...”
- „... arguments supporting the contrary opinion); Lal Das 2; McCulloch 552.150 Nicoletti OECD 29; Anderson 19 et ...”
- „... investment.205195 OECD 2003 28 et seq.; Gaisford 126-148.196 Refer to Chapter TWO B. II. 8).197 WTO World ...”