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Future Regulation of Cross-Border Audiovisual Content Dissemination / List of Abbreviations
Future Regulation of Cross-Border Audiovisual Content Dissemination / List of Abbreviations
Contents
Chapter
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1–12
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–12
Details
13–42
Executive Summary
13–42
Details
Challenges of a Cross-border Media Landscape in the European Union
Risks and Fundamental Values
The Existing Legal Framework and Recent Amendments
The Audiovisual Media Services Directive as the Heart of ‘EU Media Law’
Existing EU Platform Regulation with Relevance for the Audiovisual Sector
The Possible Future Regulatory Framework in Light of Current Legislative Proposals
Coherence of Law (Enforcement)?
Aim of the Current Study
Scope of the AVMSD
The 2018 Revision of the AVMSD
Substantive Regulatory Scope: Extent and Limits of Enforcement under the AVMSD
The Country-of-Origin Principle and Its Application under the AVMSD
Significance of Jurisdiction in the Context of the Country-of-Origin Principle
Exemptions from the Country-of-Origin Principle: Derogation Powers and Anti-Circumvention
Implementation Problems under the Country-of-Origin Mechanism …
… with Regard to Jurisdiction
… with Regard to non-EU Providers without a Link to the Single Market
… with Regard to non-EU Providers with only a technical (artificial) ‘link’ to the Single Market
… with Regard to Limited Dissemination Channels
… with Regard to Issues of Coordination
… with Regard to the Derogation Powers and Anti-Circumvention Mechanism
The Possibility of Member States to Derogate from the Country-of-Origin Principle in Practice
Limited Problem Solution through Derogation Powers
Impact of the 2018 Amendments to the Directive on Issues Relating to the Derogation Powers
The Possibility for Member States to Adopt Stricter Rules and Measures against Circumvention
Only Limited Problem Solution through the Anti-Circumvention Mechanism
The Institutional Structures under the AVMSD Compared to the Wider Legal Framework
Cooperation of Regulatory Bodies under the AVMSD
Comparison to the Institutional System of the DSA
Comparison to the Institutional System of the EMFA
Comparison to other Institutional Systems
Approaches to Solving Current Challenges
Approach for Solution: Dealing with non-EU Providers
Approach for Solution: Degree of Harmonisation in the AVMSD
Approach for Solution: Standards for Audiovisual Content Disseminated in the EU – the Example of Content Standards in the UK
Approach for Solution: Safeguarding Independence – the Example of ‘Staatsferne’ from Germany
Approach for Solution: Independent Supervision through Co-Regulatory Systems – Examples from Media and Data Protection Law
Comparability of Regulatory Bodies and Cooperation Systems
Lessons and Consequences from the DSA
Future Challenges in the EMFA
Lessons and ‘Blueprints’ from Data Protection Law
Conclusions
43–74
Zusammenfassung
43–74
Details
Herausforderungen einer grenzüberschreitenden Medienlandschaft in der Europäischen Union
Gefährdungslagen und Grundwerte
Der bestehende Rechtsrahmen und jüngste Anpassungen
Die Richtlinie über audiovisuelle Mediendienste als Herzstück des „EU-Medienrechts“
Bestehende EU-Plattformregulierung mit Relevanz für den audiovisuellen Sektor
Der mögliche zukünftige Regelungsrahmen im Lichte aktueller Rechtsakt-Vorschläge
Kohärenz der Rechts(durch)setzung?
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie
Anwendungsrahmen der AVMD-RL
Die Revision der AVMD-RL 2018
Der materielle Regelungsgehalt: Reichweite und Grenzen der Rechtsdurchsetzung unter der AVMD-RL
Das Herkunftslandprinzip und seine Anwendung unter der AVMD-RL
Die Bedeutung der Rechtshoheit beim Herkunftslandprinzip
Ausnahmemöglichkeiten vom Herkunftslandprinzip: Abweichungsbefugnis und Umgehungsverbot
Implementierungsprobleme unter dem Herkunftslandmechanismus …
… bei der Bestimmung der Rechtshoheit
… in Bezug auf EU-ausländische Anbieter ohne Verknüpfung mit dem Binnenmarkt
… in Bezug auf EU-ausländische Anbieter mit nur technischem (künstlichem) „Link“ zum Binnenmarkt
… in Bezug auf nur begrenzte Übertragungswege
… vor dem Hintergrund von Koordinierungsfragen
… bei der Abweichungsbefugnis und innerhalb des Umgehungsverbots
Die Möglichkeit der Mitgliedstaaten zur Abweichung vom Herkunftslandprinzip in der Praxis
Nur begrenzte Problemlösung über die Abweichungsbefugnis
Auswirkungen der Richtlinien-Änderungen 2018 auf die Probleme bei der Abweichungsbefugnis
Die Möglichkeit der Mitgliedstaaten zum Erlass strengerer Regeln und Maßnahmen gegen eine Umgehung
Nur begrenzte Problemlösung über das Umgehungsverbot
Die institutionellen Strukturen nach der AVMD-RL und im Vergleich mit dem weiteren Rechtsrahmen
Zusammenarbeit der Regulierungsbehörden unter der AVMD-RL
Vergleich mit dem institutionellen System des DSA
Vergleich mit dem institutionellen System des EMFA
Vergleich mit anderen institutionellen Systemen
Lösungsansätze für aktuelle Herausforderungen
Lösungsansatz: Umgang mit Drittstaatsanbietern
Lösungsansatz: Harmonisierungsgrad der AVMD-RL
Lösungsansatz: Standards für in der EU verbreitete audiovisuelle Inhalte – das Beispiel der Content Standards im Vereinigten Königreich
Lösungsansatz: Gewährleistung von Unabhängigkeit – das Beispiel der Staatsferne aus Deutschland
Lösungsansatz: Unabhängige Kontrolle durch Ko-Regulierungssysteme – Beispiele aus dem Medien- und Datenschutzrecht
Vergleichbarkeit von Regulierungseinrichtungen und Kooperationssystemen
Lehren und Konsequenzen aus dem DSA
Künftige Herausforderungen im EMFA
Lehren und „Blaupausen“ aus dem Datenschutzrecht
Schlussfolgerungen
75–78
List of Abbreviations
75–78
Details
79–84
A. Introduction
79–84
Details
85–114
B. Challenges of a Cross-Border Media Environment in the EU
85–114
Details
I. Current Risks and Rising Phenomena
II. Fundamental Values of the European Union and Allocation of Powers
III. Regulatory Approaches – Existing and Planned
1. Existing Regulatory Approaches
2. Planned Regulatory Approaches
3. Consistency and Coherence?
IV. Scenarios for Illustration
115–166
C. The Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD): The Status Quo
115–166
Details
I. The Latest 2018 Revision in a Nutshell
II. Illegal Content under the AVMSD
1. Incitement to Violence or Hatred based on Discrimination
2. Content Endangering Minors
3. Certain Types of Commercial Communication
4. Application of the Rules to VSPs
III. The Country-of-Origin Principle and Derogation Procedures – Art. 3 AVMSD
1. Background to the Country-of-Origin Principle
a. Introduction of an explicit rule to devise responsibility of Member States
b. The consequence of the country-of-origin principle in the AVMSD
c. Other codifications of the country-of-origin principle
2. Current Scope of the Country-of-Origin Principle
a. The determination of jurisdiction concerning a provider
b. The necessary distinction between EU-based providers and third country providers
c. Specific challenges
(1) The actual jurisdiction criteria and their application
(2) The situation of third country providers or licences
3. Possibilities and Procedures to Derogate from the Country-of-Origin Principle
a. Explaining the system
b. Application cases
4. Institutional Cross-Border Cooperation: The Role of ERGA
a. The definition of ERGA’s role in the AVMSD
b. The Memorandum of Understanding between ERGA Members
5. Interim Conclusion on the Derogation Mechanism
IV. The Possibility of Member States to Enact Stricter Rules– Art. 4 AVMSD
1. The Question of Scope: Fields “Coordinated” by the AVMSD
2. Procedure for Tackling Circumvention Situations
a. Explaining the system
b. Application case
3. Institutional Dimension
4. Interim Conclusion on the Circumvention Mechanism
V. Demanding Effective Compliance and Enforcement – The Relevance of Art. 4(6) AVMSD
167–204
D. The Institutional Dimension: AVMSD and Beyond
167–204
Details
I. Institutional System in the AVMSD
II. A Look at Media-oriented Institutional Approaches beyond the AVMSD
1. The Approach of the Digital Services Act (DSA)
a. Designation and powers of supervisory authorities
b. Competences in cross-border matters and with regard to very large providers
c. European Board for Digital Services
d. Cooperation structures
2. The Proposed Future Cross-border Cooperation Mechanism of the EMFA
a. National regulatory authorities or bodies
b. Role of the Commission
c. European Board for Media Services
d. Cooperation structures
III. Other Oversight Systems and Their Institutional Structure
1. Overview of Comparable Approaches
2. The Approach in the European Electronic Communications Code
a. Independent supervisory authorities
b. Competences and tasks
c. The Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications
d. Cooperation and consistency
3. The Approach in the General Data Protection Regulation
a. Fundamental rights basis
b. Institutional system of the GDPR
(1) Independent supervisory authorities on the national level
(2) Competences and tasks
(3) The European Data Protection Board
(4) Cooperation and consistency
c. First experiences with the cooperation mechanism
205–216
E. Applying the Findings to the Illustrative Scenarios and Gaps Identified
205–216
Details
217–258
F. Approaches and National Solutions Concerning Current Challenges
217–258
Details
I. The Degree of (Non-)Harmonisation on EU Level
1. Dealing with Non-EU Providers
2. Degree of Substantive Harmonisation
II. Content Standards: the UK Example
III. The Idea of ‘Staatsferne’ on a European Level
1. The Principle of ‘Staatsferne’ in the German Framework
2. Suitability on Union Level
3. Possible Implementation at EU Level: the EMFA Proposal
4. Specifically: Independence of Oversight Bodies
IV. Co-regulatory Approaches with Different Types of Codes of Conduct
1. General Observations
2. The Example of Data Protection Law
V. Comparability of Regulatory Bodies and Cooperation Mechanisms
1. The System in the Digital Services Act
2. The Approach of the European Electronic Communications Code
3. Cooperation under the General Data Protection Regulation
4. Institutional Dimension of the EMFA Proposal
259–262
G. Conclusion: On the Way to Enhanced Efficiency and a Modernised Regulatory Framework
259–262
Details
263–272
Bibliography
263–272
Details
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Future Regulation of Cross-Border Audiovisual Content Dissemination , page 75 - 78
List of Abbreviations
Autoren
Mark D. Cole
Christina Etteldorf
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783748939856-75
ISBN print: 978-3-7560-0651-9
ISBN online: 978-3-7489-3985-6
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