Zusammenfassung
Tracing the little-known history of the first underground Catholic church in China, noted scholar D. E. Mungello illuminates the period between the imperial expulsion of foreign Christian missionaries in 1724 and their return with European colonialism in the 1800s. Few realize that this was the first time in which Chinese, rather than Europeans, came to control their own church as Chinese clergy and lay leaders maintained communities of clandestine Catholics.
Mungello follows the church in a time of persecution, focusing in particular on the role of Chinese clergy and lay leaders in maintaining communities of clandestine Catholics during the eighteenth century. He highlights the parallels between the 1724 and 1951 expulsions of missionaries from China, the first driven by a Chinese imperial system and the second by a revolutionary Communist government. The two periods also reflected foreign bias against the Chinese priests and laity and questions about their spiritual depth and constancy. However, Mungello shows that the historical record of incarcerated and interrogated Christians reveals a spiritually inspired resistance to government oppression and a willingness to suffer, often to the point of martyrdom.
Schlagworte
Martyrdom Qing China Propaganda Fide Racial tensions Christian Virgins Catholic missionaries Catholic seminaries Catholic Chinese Catholic Chinese authoritarianism Chinese clergy Chinese priests underground church- Kapitel Ausklappen | EinklappenSeiten
- 151–154 Conclusion 151–154
- 155–164 Bibliography 155–164
- 165–174 Index 165–174
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- „... 85Chapter FourRacial and Cultural Tensions between Chinese and European PriestsFR. FILIPPO HUANG IN ...” „... need to raise up Chinese priests.From 1763 until 1774, Huang lived a harsh life in northern Shanxi ...” „... European priests early in the eighteenth century and with the suppression of the Jesuits, Chinese priests ...”
- „... 21Chapter TwoMatteo Ripa’s Attempt to Establish a School for Chinese Priests in ChinaFR. MATTEO ...” „... 1887, 106 Chinese students were trained as missionary-priests at the Chinese College in Naples.7 ...” „... Criveller, “The Chinese Priests of the College for the Chinese in Naples and the Promotion of the Indigenous ...”
- „... kakure kirishitan.THE FORMATION OF CHINESE JESUIT PRIESTSChinese priests in China were not ordained until ...” „... forming highly educated priests.The first Chinese to receive the full Jesuit formation was Zheng Manuo ...” „... François Pottier, who also pro-moted the formation of Chinese priests.Müllener devoted a great deal of ...”
- „... tension between the European and Chinese priests.When the papal legate Carlo A. Mezzabarba had been ...” „... Europeans—that Chinese catechists had the potential to become priests. In his proposal, he characterized the ...” „... priests and returning them to China as mis-sionaries was premised on the belief that Chinese priests could ...”
- „... 133Chapter SixEuropean and Chinese Forms of MartyrdomSACRIFICE AND MARTYRDOM AMONG CHINESE PRIESTS ...” „... opportunity for leadership by Chinese priests and catechists. This period lasted until approximately 1870 ...” „... , when European missionaries again began to outnumber the Chinese priests. As the Chinese assumed a ...”
- „... Chinese Priests in China 21Fr. Matteo Ripa’s Spiritual Vision 21Ripa’s Journey to China 23Ripa at the ...” „... College for Priests in Naples 55Financial Struggles in Founding the Chinese College 55The First Chinese ...” „... Imprisonment in Castel Sant’Angelo 754 Racial and Cultural Tensions between Chinese and European Priests 85 ...”
- „... that the Chinese were not yet ready to become priests and bishops. It is widely but incorrectly ...” „... church.In 1705, only ten out of almost 140 priests in China were Chinese.38 How-ever, by 1815, out of 169 ...” „... priests, eighty-nine Chinese outnumbered eighty Europeans.39 Although this trend was temporarily slowed by ...”
- „... marriage. There were seven bishops (all European), twenty-six priests (only three of whom were Chinese ...” „... , Chinese diocesan priest (1778–1819)17. Saint Lucia Yi Zhenmei 易貞美, catechist (1815–1862)18. Saint Fr ...” „... Liu Ruiting 劉瑞廷, Chinese diocesan priest (1773–1823)27. Saint Giuseppe Zhang Wenlan 張文瀾, seminarian ...”
- „... .Criveller, Gianni. “The Chinese Priests of the College for the Chinese in Naples and the Promotion of the ...” „... Review 25 (December 2017): 26–62.———. “Wanted: An Eighteenth-Century Chinese Catholic Priest in China ...” „... . “The First Chinese Priest of the Society of Jesus: Emmanuel de Siqueira, 1633–1673.” Archivum ...”
- „... , Maria, FMM, 4Espinha, José de, SJ, 125Eurocentrism, 27, 93, 127European bias against Chinese priests ...” „... , 92–96, 115, 127European criticism of Chinese priests, 136European expansion, 13–14, 151European feelings ...” „... 165actor-escort ephebes (dan), 23, 34Adolfine, Sr. Maria, 3adopted sons by priests, 119, 139Alcobar ...”
- „... European missionaries were expelled from China, and Chinese priests and catechists effectively took control ...” „... 151ConclusionThe Chinese Rites Controversy may be over, resolved by a combination of changes in ...” „... Chinese society and increasing flexibility by the Vatican.1 How-ever, the issues underlying the Rites ...”