Zusammenfassung
This groundbreaking book provides the first comprehensive analysis of Ming China’s pursuit of national security along its 1,700 miles of northern frontier. Drawing on a wealth of original sources, John Dardess vividly portrays how Ming China’s emperors, officials, and commanders in the field thought, argued, and made decisions in real time as they worked to defend their country. Despite common perceptions of the central role of the so-called Great Wall of China, Dardess convincingly shows that the wall was but a minor piece in a much bigger effort to battle Tatar looting. Dardess immerses readers in the day-to-day world of the Ming as he explores the question of how leaders kept their country safe over the 276 years the dynasty ruled.
Schlagworte
borders Ming national security Ming northern frontier Mongol Taizu Tatar Tianshun Wanli Xuande Yongle Zhengde Zhengtong Liaodong Jingtai Jiajing Great Wall of China Chenghua Hongzhi Longqing- Kapitel Ausklappen | EinklappenSeiten
- 81–108 3 A Zenith of Peace? 81–108
- 109–156 4 Troubles Mount 109–156
- 157–180 5 Emperor in Captivity 157–180
- 181–206 6 Recuperation 181–206
- 207–218 7 A Surge in Violence 207–218
- 219–250 8 No Respite 219–250
- 251–298 9 The Stresses Intensify 251–298
- 299–358 10 A Warrior Emperor 299–358
- 359–422 11 Fortress China 359–422
- 423–430 12 Peace Dawns! 423–430
- 469–514 14 The Last Frontier 469–514
- 519–554 Notes 519–554
- 555–556 Key Sources 555–556
- 557–560 Index 557–560
- 561–561 About the Author 561–561
16 Treffer gefunden
- „... strugglefor steppe mastery, not with China but with another Tatar-Mongol groupcalled the Oirats (Oyirad). The ...” „... to Ming pretensions to world mastery and to China’s frontier security?Calling Tatar-Mongol nomads his ...” „... the Tatar andMuslim caravans bring in. Scout out places with good water and grass. Theruler wanted a ...”
- „... Tatars he’d deserted.1 The resumption of Mingmissions to the steppes meant Jingtai’s policy of refusing ...” „... thenorthwest. In November, Tatar defectors warned the Ming of this, and de-fenders at Yan-Sui and Ningxia were ...” „... timberbreastworks, pitfalls, and ditches.8Relentlessly, the Tatars pressed on. Commander Mukhulikhai massed ...”
- „... Ministry of Rites approved this, although it confessed it had no Tatar-script sutras on hand.2In a letter ...” „... Tatars,and then reestablishing something along the lines of the patronage Taizu andYongle had once extended ...” „... modify “Yi.” And now Altan wants Tibetan sutras in Tatar script. Weshould provide those. We can thereby ...”
- „... central figure in a long series of wars against theTatars, the Uriyangkhad, and the Jurchen. These wars ...” „... readable than wasthe case with the Tatars or the Tibetans. But like everyone else, the Jurchenscrambled to ...” „... Hada group. Against him were arrayed theYehe chiefs Cinggiyanu and Yangginu, some Tatars to the west ...”
- „... explained that when Lan Yufought the Tatar-Mongols at Buyur Lake in Mongolia in 1388 (of whichmore later ...” „... preferences looked a bit shabby compared to the Tatar-Mongol insistence on inherited nobility.While that ...” „... Lu (raiders, a common name now forthe Tatar-Mongols) so that the court would have no more worries at ...”
- „... detailed planning forthis.1In August, Beijing was informed that Tatar (Dazi) defectors had said thatOirat ...” „... the duumvirate. Thepalace told Minister of War Wang Ji that the “Tatar bandits” Atai and Dorji-bal had ...” „... to Beijing what a surrendered Hu (Tatar?) woman had toldhim—that Atai and Dorjibal were dead and that ...”
- „... Tatar raids from the north,and in Xuande’s time it was a cockpit of violence in its own right. We ...” „... tributary convoys. Tatar outlaws fromShazhou killed and wounded Ili-balik envoys and made off with a ...” „... Guard—which was a Tatar (Da-dan) and Uighur group inhabiting a large territory west of Handong andsouth of ...”
- „... waywardness notwithstanding.When Hongzhi died, Tatar raiding was on an upward curve in violenceand ...” „... Datongarea. The Ming killed 87 and captured 1, rounded up 300 Tatar horses, andrescued 2,700 captive males ...” „... Ming just lumpedhim and his group under the generic labels “Tatar bandits” and “Raiders”(Dazei, Lu).In ...”
- „... of the “northern species,” probably a Tatar, who would soon switchhis allegiance to the Oirats and ...” „... corroborated.9On October 5, Yang Hong reported thirty thousand “Tatar bandits” intransit through Shunshengchuan ...” „... a week later, a large force of “Tatar bandits” surrounded Longmen,a small fort about fifty miles ...”
- „... 1550 and 1563. Shanxi was left a smol-dering wreck after a month of Tatar rampaging. Corpses lay ...” „... of eleven Tatars, led by Altan’s grand-son Bagha Achi, came to the Datong frontier and submitted to ...” „... , in 1551, one Lü Laozu (Old Ancestor) and his WhiteLotus started an uprising and fled to the Tatars to ...”
- „... harassmentfrom the Tatars. Mutinous thoughts were voiced. Far away as those fortswere, and exposed to the full ...” „... to the Tatars and sent an officer out to arrestthem. That act set the mutiny ablaze.On August 26 ...” „... allyand departed the city in disgust.18From the Tatar side, their interest in unopposed raiding of the ...”
- „... than they were before, and capturedTatars were occasionally subject to public execution. On the whole ...” „... steppes was surely responsible for its gradual infilling, falling into theTatar orbit, and becoming a new ...” „... Si had taken refuge in a mountainredoubt south of Ningxia. Tatar commander Mukhulikhai was ...”
- „... Sect.Arughtai (d. 1434). The key Tatar warlord over the years 1408–34. Often anenemy of Yongle’s, he was killed ...” „... north-ern defenses after the crisis of 1449.Yibula (Ibrahim) (d. 1533). A Tatar warlord. The Little Prince ...”
- „... Yizhou Laishui County (fifty miles southwestof Beijing), abducted by a Tatar in August–September 1449 ...” „... , and that inChapter 6182recent days the Tatar took his household, oxen, horses, and sheep and ...” „... advanced. Then they recognizedhim as a Tatar, bravely ran out and arrested him, and brought him to ...”
- „... Tatars (as the Mongols were then called)about the power China could radiate.The year 1449, when Esen of ...” „... , Tatar] power had ebbed, while we were infighting trim. But now, the frontier situation isn’t like that ...” „... the northern Tatarsintensified their raids, the emperor wanted to lead an attack on them personal-ly ...”
- „... arrange to have the TatarLu come raid, which would occupy the attentions of the Ming troops nearby,giving ...” „... , which the Tatars andUriyangkhad were constantly being warned to stay away from. The Mingalso warned its ...” „... forming, involving Oirats and the Tatars of the Little Prince, andpossibly the Uriyangkhad as well. Again ...”