The Thinker's Guide to Scientific Thinking

Richard Paul; Linda Elder

doi:10.5771/9781538133842

The Thinker's Guide to Scientific Thinking

Based on Critical Thinking Concepts and Principles

Published 2019

No access

doi.org/10.5771/9781538133842
ISBN print: 978-0-9857544-2-6
ISBN online: 978-1-5381-3384-2
Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham

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Zusammenfassung

The Thinker’s Guide to Scientific Thinking focuses on developing the intellectual skills inherent in the well-cultivated practice of every area of scientific research and study. It helps students and practicing scientists come to reason within the logic of science and to see the field as a cohesive whole.

From astronomers to zoologists and physicists to chemists, skilled scientists use careful analysis to question data, test theories, draw logical conclusions, and propose feasible solutions. Students in science courses, and scientists themselves will find their analytical abilities enhanced by the engaging framework of inquiry set forth by Richard Paul and Linda Elder in this guide.

As part of the Thinker’s Guide Library, this book advances the mission of the Foundation for Critical Thinking to promote fairminded critical societies through cultivating essential intellectual abilities and virtues across every field of study across world.

Schlagworte

Leadership Teaching Handbook Philosophy Student Seminar conflict resolution points of view professional development analyzing 101 types of questions secondary ed open minded teacher resource reasoning problem-solving civilized community college assessing higher ed course critical societies educational resource improve your life intellectual standards evaluating questions

Keywords

introduction debate textbook discussion rhetoric thought

Chapter Expand | CollapsePage
I–3 Preface I–3
- Contents
4–4 Why Scientific Thinking? 4–4
5–5 The Elements of Scientific Thought 5–5
6–6 Questions Using the Elements of Scientific Thought 6–6
7–8 A Checklist for Scientific Reasoning 7–8
9–10 Scientific Thinking Seeks to Quantify, Explain, and Predict Relationships in Nature 9–10
11–12 Universal Intellectual Standards Essential to Sound Scientific Thinking 11–12
13–13 Intellectual Standards in Scientific Thinking 13–13
14–14 The Figuring Mind Thinking Scientifically 14–14
15–16 How to Analyze the Logic of a Scientific Article, Essay, or Chapter 15–16
17–17 Analyzing the Logic of a Science Textbook 17–17
18–18 Experimental Thinking Requires Experimental Controls 18–18
19–19 The Logic of an Experiment 19–19
20–20 Post Experiment Analysis 20–20
21–21 How to Evaluate an Author’s or Experimenter’s Scientific Reasoning 21–21
22–22 Two Kinds of Scientific Questions 22–22
23–24 Asking One-System and Conflicting-System Questions 23–24
25–25 Scientific Reasoning Abilities 25–25
26–27 Analyzing & Assessing Scientific Research 26–27
28–28 Purpose 28–28
29–29 Questions at Issue or Central Problem 29–29
30–30 Information 30–30
31–31 Inference and Interpretation 31–31
32–32 Assumptions 32–32
33–33 Concepts and Ideas 33–33
34–34 Point of View 34–34
35–35 Implications and Consequences 35–35
36–37 Intellectual Dispositions Essential to Scientific Thinking 36–37
38–38 Scientific Thinkers Routinely Apply the Intellectual Standards 38–38
39–39 Development of the Scientific Mind 39–39
40–40 Analyzing the Logic of a Subject 40–40
41–41 The Logic of Scientific Reasoning 41–41
42–43 The Questioning Mind in Science 42–43
44–44 The Logic of Science 44–44
45–45 The Logic of Physics 45–45
46–46 The Logic of Chemistry 46–46
47–47 The Logic of Geology 47–47
48–48 The Logic of Astronomy 48–48
49–49 The Logic of Biology 49–49
50–50 The Logic of Zoology 50–50
51–51 The Logic of Botany 51–51
52–52 The Logic of Biochemistry 52–52
53–53 The Logic of Paleontology 53–53
54–54 The Logic of Animal Physiology 54–54
55–55 The Logic of Archaeology 55–55
56–56 The Logic of Ecology 56–56
57–57 The Problem of Pseudo-Scientific and Unscientific Thinking 57–57
58–60 A Pseudo-Science: Why Astrology Is Not a Science 58–60
61–62 A Critical Approach to Scientific Thinking 61–62
63–1 Ethics and Science 63–1

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