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Horst-Peter Götting, Claudia Schlüter - Nourriture de l'esprit

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Horst-Peter Götting (ed.), Claudia Schlüter (ed.)

Nourriture de l'esprit

Series: Schriften zum geistigen Eigentum und zum Wettbewerbsrecht

Volume 40 2011

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Michal du Vall Quo vadis Patent Protection? S. 53-60

„… Quo vadis Patent Protection? Michał du Vall Quo vadis Patent Protection? Professor Dieter Stauder …” „… is an outstanding expert in the field of patent protection. Therefore it seemed only proper to make …” „… protection by stating that the patent protection system is going in a wrong direction. First, the …”

Thomas Dreier Technische Entwicklung, Innovation und Recht – Zur Rolle des Patentrechts in der Frühzeit der Fotografie S. 40-53

„… http://www.pubpat.org. Quo vadis Patent Protection? Michał du Vall Quo vadis Patent Protection? Professor Dieter Stauder …” „… is an outstanding expert in the field of patent protection. Therefore it seemed only proper to make …” „… protection by stating that the patent protection system is going in a wrong direction. First, the …”

Jan Brinkhof Some thoughts on the Proposal for a European and European Union Patents Court S. 29-40

„… time there were only national patents. Anyone who wished protection for an invention had to file …” „… protection of industrial property (1883) on the harmonization and unification of patent law was relatively …” „… enjoys patent protection. The Court of Justice did not accept this. The 'trick' is in the definition of …”

Michael Blakeney Criminal Enforcement of IPRs S. 13-29

„… and Canada, proposed a draft agree- 1 Eg see Heath/Petit (eds.), Patent Enforcement Worldwide: A …” „… Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and the Effect on U.S. Industry and Trade, Report to the United …” „… des Fabricants pour la protection internationale de la propriété industrielle et artistique …”

Jochen Pagenberg Back to the Future with EPLA? – Compatibility of the Draft Agreement on the European and Community Patents Court denied by the Advocates General S. 192-207

„… Patents Court denied by the Advocates General1 Jochen Pagenberg Back to the Future with EPLA …” „… in the implementation of the European patent system in his double role as a Director of the European …” „… Patent Office and a Professor at CEIPI2. Even after his retirement he has continued his teaching …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Frühzeit der Fotografie 40 Michał du Vall Quo vadis Patent Protection? 53 Christophe Geiger L’Europe de la …” „… Enforcement of IPRs 15 Jan Brinkhof Some thoughts on the Proposal for a European and European Union Patents …” „… eines Übereinkommens über das Gericht für europäische Patente und EU-Patente – Wie kann der Skepsis …”

Christophe Geiger L’Europe de la propriété intellectuelle: une construction coherente? S. 60-69

„… instaurer des titres de protections communautaires. C’est dès lors sur cette base juridique qu’ont été …” „… adoptés les règlements sur la marque communautaire10, sur la protection communautaire des obtentions …” „… juillet 1994, instituant un régime de protection communautaire des obtentions végétales, JOCE 1 sept …”

Heike Röder-Hitschke Brocolis et Tomates – Einige Gedanken zur Erteilung und zum Schutzumfang von Patenten auf biologische Züchtungsverfahren S. 223-239

„… patent protection for »secondary« features such as technical devices or means (today e.g. markers) by …” „… Brocolis et Tomates – Einige Gedanken zur Erteilung und zum Schutzumfang von Patenten auf …” „… könnte? Denn ins »Patentische« übersetzt könnte sich obige Karte jüngsten Befürchtungen zufolge – und …”

Toshiko Takenaka Merging Civil and Common Law Traditions in the Patent Validity Challenge System: Japanese Experiences S. 271-293

„… concerning the scope of patent protection and patent validity under the relevant articles of the EPC. The …” „… Merging Civil and Common Law Traditions in the Patent Validity Challenge System: Japanese …” „… Experiences Toshiko Takenaka Merging Civil and Common Law Traditions the Patent Validity Challenge System …”

Horst-Peter Götting Reflections on the commercialisation of Personality Rights in the U.S. and Germany S. 69-79

„… the area of patent law that lies in the very heart of Dieter Stauder’s œuvre and yields a rich source …” „… devoted his main research to patent law, especially European patent law, and the topic I have chosen to …” „… protection, II. Structure and legal nature of personality rights, III. Post mortem protection, IV. Limitation …”

Kerstin Schmitt Esprit créateur ou esprit commercial? – Satirische Werbung mit Prominenten in Deutschland und den USA S. 250-271

„… concerning the scope of patent protection and patent validity under the relevant articles of the EPC. The …” „… & the Arts, 1995, 129, 137. 89 Comment, The Right of Publicity: Protection for Public Figures and …” „… . Merging Civil and Common Law Traditions in the Patent Validity Challenge System: Japanese Experiences …”

Rudolf Teschemacher Einschränkungen für Beschränkungen vor dem EPA – Der Verzicht auf eine offenbarte Ausführungsform S. 293-309

„… Arbeit besonders das europäische Patent eine Rolle gespielt hat, ist dem glücklichen Umstand zuzurechnen …” „… , so viele verschiedene Mitglieder der »patent community« zu beeinflussen und zu begeistern, ist …” „… bekannt, bevor er sicher sein kann, die korrespondierende Gegenleistung in Form eines Patents zu erhalten …”

Guido Westkamp »Property« und »Celebrity Rights«: Zum Schutz von Lizenzen an Persönlichkeitsrechten im englischen Recht S. 309-327

„… economic torts. Vgl. Dazu Cornish/Llewellyn, Intellectual Property: Patents, Copyright, Trade Marks and …” „… Breach of Confidence, (2005) IPQ 27. 15 Sec. 12 (3) Human Rights Act 1998 (= Sec. 32 Data Protection Act …” „… , unveröffentlichte urheberrechtlich geschützte Werke, nicht zum Patent angemeldete Erfindungen oder technisches …”

Die Autoren S. 353-356

„… of the Chair of Industrial Property Law, and the Protection of Competition, Jagiellonian University …” „… und Paris; Präsident der European Patent Lawyers Association (EPLAW); Mitglied der …”

Sophia Gräfin Grote Europäische Rechtewahrnehmung – Problemfeld zwischen deutscher Rechtsprechung zum Urhebervertragsrecht und europäischem Harmonisierungsbedarf S. 79-84

„… Verwertungsgesellschaft Mechanical Copyright Protection Society (MCPS) übertragen. Zunächst ist das Urteil ein Beleg …” „… . 116 f.; Merryfield/Boggio, in: Hacon/Pagenberg (Hg.), Concise European Patent Law 2007, Art. 52 EPC …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845231761

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Claire Guillemin

Law & Odeur

Series: Schriften zum geistigen Eigentum und zum Wettbewerbsrecht

Volume 80 2016

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§ 9 Patent Protection S. 69-73

„… Fragrances and Patents Patent Protection “Luxury is exclusivity.” (Charles Cronin, 2009)248 …” „… commercially exploiting an invention without authorisation.” In return for patent protection, applicants must …” „… can benefit from it. This disclosure in exchange for patent protection is also known as the “patent …”

§ 12 Practical Relevance of Patent Protection for Perfumes S. 86-89

„… thousands of consumers products. Practical Relevance of Patent Protection for Perfumes “If nature has made …” „… market within a few years. Patent protection could be envisaged for these short-lived “trend” products …” „… protection conferred by the patent, generally 20 years, would be insignificant. For instance, the mythical …”

§ 10 The Olfactory Invention S. 74-81

„… and isolated complex mixture. 279 Fragrances as Inventions Patent protection is available for …” „… product or its respective ingredients could claim patent protection.281 Jean-Pierre Pamoukdjian defined …” „… commodity item when the patent protection expires and anybody is free to use it. Though the molecule can …”

§ 24 Recapitulation and Final Summary S. 212-220

„… Patent Protection for Olfactory Inventions It is true that fragrances have an aesthetic aim in that they …” „… arguments of limited duration and high costs of the patent protection can be mitigated in view of the …” „… obstacle to patent protection for fragrances. Competitors could “inspire” themselves of this formula and …”

§ 11 Olfactory Source and Patentability Requirements S. 82-85

„… .” (Patrick Süskind, Perfume, 1985) Novelty Patents provide incentives for research and innovation. Economic …” „… considerations cannot justify a patent monopoly on existing inventions. Newness is, therefore, an essential …” „… condition to protection. Art. 54 (1) EPC defines an invention as follows: “An invention shall be considered …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-22

„… § 8 67 Fragrances and PatentsPart 2: 69 Patent Protection§ 9 69 Definitions and Legal BasesI. 69 …” „… ApplicabilityIII. 85 Practical Relevance of Patent Protection for Perfumes§ 12 86 Formal ObstaclesI. 86 Duration of …” „… of Patent Protection for Olfactory Inventions 1. 212 The Unlucky Fate of Olfactory Marks2. 213 The …”

Bibliography S. 221-228

„… September 2004, no. 40, pp. 1697-1700. ders.: Protection des fragrances - Cap sur l’Assemblée plénière …” „… , 3 July 1975, Gaz. Pal. 21-22 January 1976, pp. 43-48. CANTWELL, JOHN: The Patent System and the …” „… droit d’auteur au parfum, JCP Mars 2006, pp. 26-27. CHAI, MOON-KI: Protection of Fragrances under the …”

§ 1 Introduction S. 23-29

„… or patent protection, although they are ultimately only accessories of the perfume in its literal …” „… - sets out the main aspects of patent protection (§ 9) before becoming more specific about the olfactory …” „… (Immanuel Kant, Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht, 1789)1 Fragrance Protection Issue The sense of …”

§ 13 Conclusion of Part 2 S. 90-91

„… Although fragrances could, in theory, enjoy patent protection, this solution is not suitable in practice …” „… , might then patent it.352 The copy of synthetic ingredients is also made possible by their disclosure …” „… famous case featuring synthetic musk covered by the Baur Patent, the product was held patentable and the …”

§ 16 The Registration of Olfactory Signs in Practice S. 109-129

„… blossom scent applied to sewing threads and embroidery yarn. The examiner of the US Patent and Trademark …” „… : Trade Dress Protection For Scent Marks, MarqIntellPropLRev. 1998, Vol. 2, 105, p. 108. 439 Trademark US …” „… register offices in Europe - the Uniform Benelux Register Office, the German Patent- und Markenamt, the …”

§ 15 The Olfactory Sign S. 99-108

„… , offer more lengthy protection than the twenty years offered by patents, and the fifty to hundred years …” „… granted by copyright. Financially, trademark is also a very compelling form of protection as the owner of …” „… the mark only has to pay a renewal tax every ten years (whereas patents are subject to a yearly tax …”

§ 17 The Inherent Difficulties of Olfactory Signs S. 130-148

„… expiration of patent protection if applicable.552 A final argument against the chemical formula as a means of …” „… olfactory marks was raised.509 According to the German Federal Patent Court in its decision “Riechmarke …” „… indirectly represented graphically should nevertheless enjoy trademark protection by being entered in the …”

§ 8 Conclusion of Part 1 S. 67-68

„… houses would be hostile to any kind of protection for olfactory creations.245 There are, of course, the …” „… “fragrance,” but also the olfactory source or form depending on the envisaged protection. In any case, the …” „… distinction is relevant as the respective access conditions and destination of the envisaged protections …”

§ 21 Olfactory Form and Implicit Copyright Requirements S. 179-189

„… copyright protection of fragrances.693 The list of works enumerated by Art. 2(1) of the Berne Convention and …” „… Semaine Juridique Entreprise et Affaires, 3 July 2014 - no 27. 693 Sainterose, Pour la protection des …” „… enumerated is therefore no indicia for their exclusion from the field of protection.694 On the other hand, it …”

§ 22 Is an Olfactory Form a Work of Intellect? S. 190-210

„… recipe (see patent protection above). The mission of the olfactory form is purely aesthetic.771 Also in …” „… knowhow. A fragrance is therefore denied protection for the same reasons that a culinary recipe is denied …” „… copyright protection.766 He therefore greeted the fact that the Cour de cassation did not follow the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845270401

Murray Lee Eiland - Patenting Traditional Medicine

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Murray Lee Eiland

Patenting Traditional Medicine

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 2 2009

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PATENT PROTECTION S. 14

„… rights. II. PATENT PROTECTION Patent rights prevent others from selling, manufacturing, making …” „… inventor wishing protection in a number of countries must obtain more than one patent.32 Patents …” „… protection of the moral rights of the innovators of the TK.30 It is hoped that such a system would also …”

Categories of Patent S. 16-17

„… would infringe. A patent on composition is effectively protection for a product. For example, if an …” „… available and has multiple uses. Some authors suggest that although the US has very strong patent protection …” „… sufficient patent protection and technology, few companies would go forward with this enormous effort. Many …”

Patent Law S. 40-42

„… within the protection period.167” This same concern with secrecy does not apply to Grade 2. 2. Patent …” „… Patent Protection of Traditional Medicine in China 3-11. http://r0.unctad.org/trade_env/test1 …” „… find patents a more formidable form of protection. Considering that TCM has been integrated with …”

CONCLUSION S. 44-48

„… with patent protection. In 186 Anil Gupta, Compensating Local Communities for Conserving Biodiversity …” „… invention would not be protected. At best they can be supplemental to patent protection for TM. Trade secret …” „… does not mean that the entire concept of patent protection of TM is invalid. China has a fully …”

Statutory Protection S. 39-40

„… Yongfeng, Zheng, The Means and Experiences of Patent Protection of Traditional Medicine in China 3-11 …” „… conceptions of how TK should be regulated in traditional societies. Trade secret protection – the limiting of …” „… disclosure – would appear to be closer to a ‘state of nature’ than patents. Yet in both systems, the profit …”

Patents S. 22-23

„… 65.4.82 This article allows for product patent protection to a particular area of technology to be …” „… difficult for TM to be included under patent protection. 80 Indian Patent Act of 1979 5(1)(a). 81 See id. at …” „… 22 V. INDIA 1. Patents The Indian Patents and Designs Act of 1911 was modeled after English law.78 …”

Novelty S. 17-20

„… nature’ to exclude subject matter from patent protection.46 The Manual of Patent Examining Procedure …” „… and not grant a monopoly per se. A process that allowed protection with a patent, yet this was a far …” „… source could still be subject to patent protection. 47 M. Jacob, Patentability of Natural Products, 52 J …”

The Controversy S. 8-9

„… the issue of disclosing the origin of biological materials as a pre-requisite for patent protection …” „… have suggested that protection of medical knowledge, including drugs, with patents is fundamentally …” „… discussion of the alternatives to patent protection, with particular reference to monopoly contracts, see …”

DISCLOSURE OF ORIGIN S. 30-31

„… protection for plant varieties must be provided either by patents or a sui generis system or by a …” „… a patent office and an effective research tool for unauthorized users. Assuming the latter issue …” „… , making patent applications open to the public, is a central tenant of India’s proposal to harmonize …”

TRADE SECRET PROTECTION S. 37-38

„… information. After the expiry of a term of protection under a patent, the information becomes public.152 …” „… or even supplant patent protection of TK: While there is excessive attention being placed on patents …” „… significant, trade secret protection is generally considered weaker than patent protection. It does not …”

WIPO Model Provisions S. 10-11

„… . The end product, which may be wholly or partially synthetic, would be subject to patent protection …” „… is specific. Aspects of traditional medicine are therefore subject to patent protection, depending …” „… patent protection was an option. Recent international agreements do not use the term folklore. 2. The …”

Indian Bio-Diversity Act S. 23-24

„… 23 applies. TM will continue to be difficult to patent in India. The Amendment lists what are not …” „… patent office granted a patent (5,401,504) for tumeric (Curcurma longa) for the ‘invention’ of wound …” „… in India challenged the patent. It was invalidated86 for lack of novelty by the USPTO, who cited …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… Certain Term? 13 5. IP Laws and Traditional Knowledge 13 II. PATENT PROTECTION 14 III. TRIPS 15 IV. US …” „… SECRET PROTECTION 37 XI. CHINA 39 1. Statutory Protection 39 2. Patent Law 40 6 3. A Database of …” „… PATENT SYSTEM 16 1. Categories of Patent 16 2. Novelty 17 3. Joint Invention 20 4. Potential Conflict …”

Databases S. 27-29

„… the patent regime of NZ should take into account international developments. This sets the stage for …” „… the most significant departure from current practice in New Zealand. According to patent law, an …” „… would allow patent examiners to identify what is novel in reference to TK. If a patent application were …”

Fair Use S. 29-30

„… protection for plant varieties must be provided either by patents or a sui generis system or by a …” „… controlling access by dis- 114 See Thomas J. Krumenacher, Protection for Indigenous Peoples and their …” „… patent examiners will have access, others state it will be a resource for academics as well. Some form of …”

TRIPS S. 15

„… systematically biased against TK communities.37 TK may have stimulated research leading to a patent. However, the …” „… TM may have little claim on the patent itself if a patent is obtained regarding the structure of a …” „… large role in establishing a base line of protection. The main question is how these agreements impact …”

A Database of Traditional Chinese Medicine? S. 42

„… patent protection for TCM is still widely used and is growing in popularity. There is no doubt wide …” „… that given their current level of protection, via patents and the regulation of 1992, there is …” „… 42 The statutory protection of TCM appears to offer an alternative in cases where scientific …”

Tumeric S. 23

„… 23 applies. TM will continue to be difficult to patent in India. The Amendment lists what are not …” „… patent office granted a patent (5,401,504) for tumeric (Curcurma longa) for the ‘invention’ of wound …” „… in India challenged the patent. It was invalidated86 for lack of novelty by the USPTO, who cited …”

Is the Database Project Viable? S. 30

„… protection for plant varieties must be provided either by patents or a sui generis system or by a …” „… a patent office and an effective research tool for unauthorized users. Assuming the latter issue …” „… , making patent applications open to the public, is a central tenant of India’s proposal to harmonize …”

Joint Invention S. 20-21

„… 20 enterprises, particularly in developing countries. It is clear the US patent law was formulated …” „… . 3. Joint Invention A common refrain is that patent law does not allow TK holder contributions to be …” „… interests of the inventor in obtaining a patent monopoly and of the general public in preventing the grant …”

Potential Conflict with TRIPS Obligations S. 21

„… of an invention under consideration for a patent is excluded. This is represents a geographic …” „… than that which it accords to its nationals with regard to the protection of intellectual property” as …” „… is outlined in Article 3:1 of TRIPS. The large number of foreign patents registered in the US …”

Traditional Knowledge: A Certain Term? S. 13

„… not be required. As an example, in patent law, general terms such as ‘invention’ have no definition …” „… sides are mutually exclusive. Extreme positions include the abolition of the patent system on the one …” „… hand, and an extension of protection on the other.28 The protection of TK cannot fit easily into the …”

IP Laws and Traditional Knowledge S. 13

„… not be required. As an example, in patent law, general terms such as ‘invention’ have no definition …” „… sides are mutually exclusive. Extreme positions include the abolition of the patent system on the one …” „… hand, and an extension of protection on the other.28 The protection of TK cannot fit easily into the …”

Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples S. 12-13

„… patent system on the one hand, and an extension of protection on the other.28 The protection of TK cannot …” „… utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices. Provision 8(j) leaves questions of protection to …” „… protection. A WIPO survey asked 47 countries, not including the EU, if they had any specific legislation …”

TRADEMARKS S. 36

„… particular region. In order to make geographical indications an efficient (and accurate) form of protection …” „… make protection feasible. While at first sight protection using GI appears to be simple, it may be – in …” „… in China, but may have limited coverage in other TM systems. In addition, a patent protects an idea …”

GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS S. 35

„… the well known neem patent in the USA. In practice, however, it is unclear how this would have been …” „… .” TRIPS article 23 outlines additional protection for wines and spirits. This method offers a way that …” „… in some cases over centuries.”143 Perhaps best known for the protection of regional foods, such as …”

The Convention on Biological Diversity S. 11-12

„… , but it is not precisely defined. The framers of the Model Provisions apparently did not assume patent …” „… protection was an option. Recent international agreements do not use the term folklore. 2. The Convention on …” „… http://www.biodiv/org/doc/legal/cbd-un-en.pdf (last visited Sept. 5, 2006). 21 See Tony Simpson, The Protection of Cultural and Intellectual …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845214993

Eva Willnegger - Patents in the Food Sector

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Eva Willnegger

Patents in the Food Sector

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 1 2008

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Protection under the Patent System S. 123-131

„… Biopatent Directive433 of the EU stipulates that patent protection is not exhausted with the first sales of …” „… the reproductive material, e.g. in the form of seed.434 The patent protection therefore extends to any …” „… The patent protection for a DNA sequence extends to all materials containing the DNA sequence and …”

The Amending Act of 1891 and the Kongorot decision S. 26-28

„… no patent protection for food and chemical substances in general. The circumvention of patented …” „… scope of protection of the German Patent Act of 1877 led to the Amending Act of 1891, which increased …” „… the scope of protection of patents on food relat ed processes as described below, but did not yet …”

Negotiations with respect to food S. 51-63

„… provide patent protection and/or plant variety pro tection respectively, for all genomic inventions …” „… products or textiles were traded against a minimum standard of patent protection.123 The negotiations for …” „… . in keeping patent protection rather weak by the possibility of excluding sub ject matter and …”

Food as the product directly obtained by a patented process S. 147-165

„… , which extends the protection of a pro cess patent to the product directly obtained by that process …” „… influence this extension of patent protection. Does a patent on the production of herbicide resistant soy …” „… Systematically, this provision regarding the scope of protection of a European Patent would not belong to the EPC …”

Implementation of the TRIPs Agreement in India S. 71-75

„… strictly refused to negotiate about patent protection, but finally embraced the "macro economic marriage of …” „… Information 279 (1999). 221 India – Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Chemical Products …” „… , September 5, 1997, World Trade Doc. WT/DS50/R. 222 India – Patent Protection for Pharmaceutical and …”

The exemption in the German Patent Act of 1877 S. 20-26

„… opinion because the patent system did not aim at the protection of the public from misleading …” „… keep food free from patent protection. Moreover, food was regarded as a chemical substance. Thus …” „… patented food. Addi tionally, the exemption would not cause a gap in protection. Patents on food related …”

Assessment of the exemption in Germany from 1877 to 1967 S. 48-51

„… “monopoly profit incentive” thesis considers patent protection as an instrument for the promotion of …” „… technical and economic progress. Finally, the “exchange for secrets” thesis justifies patent protection with …” „… thesis theories still apply to the policy aims of patent protection in most parts of the world …”

Increase in patent applications for non-genetically modified plants S. 131-136

„… the European patent sys tem and the European plant variety protection system seem necessary …” „… , Patent Protection for New Varieties of Plants Produced by Genetic Engineering – Should “Double Protection …” „… Patent Protection for Biotechnological Inventions from an International View point, 18 IIC 723, 736 s …”

Implementation of the TRIPs Agreement in Brazil S. 67-69

„… stronger patent protection in Brazil, China and India and claims that reforming the domestic patent …” „… Does Patent Protection Help Develo ping Countries?, IIC 2006, 245. 188 > $ , The Intellectual …” „… related patent applications as a conse quence of the abolition of the exemption to patentability is …”

Contents with respect to food S. 63-66

„… the patent application.168 Thus, patent protection must be extended to food. An invention may be …” „… TRIPs Agreement within 10 years and to provide patent protection for pharmaceuticals, chemicals …” „… importance. It provides temporary protection until the respective patents are examined. 168 Art. 29(1) of the …”

Implementation of the TRIPs Agreement in China S. 69-71

„… with considerably lower protection standards compared to the UPOV Convention of 1991.198 Meanwhile …” „… , Brazil's plant variety protection system has adopted certain provisions even of the UPOV Convention of …” „… Brazil with respect to public health. Brazil's patent system is now largely compliant with the TRIPs …”

Food as a macromolecular substance and product-by-process claims S. 138-147

„… + , 974 Federal Reporter 2d 1279, 1282 s. (1992). 144 to have useful patent protection for a new product …” „… patent protection, should be done + . 0 : # 8 1 : J …” „… identifies the invention and delimits patent protection.553 Moreover, added that attempting to limit …”

Nestlé and patentability of food S. 85-89

„… protection as in developed countries.278 277 Food biotechnology related patent applications are IPC …” „… will, eventually, oblige all (...) (WTO) Members to provide for patent protection for pharmaceuticals …” „… pharmaceuticals, i.e. had not been eligible for patent protection, is not even touched upon." 279 …”

The patentability of food in the Amending Act of 1967 S. 28-30

„… provided a similar scope of protection as substance patents.45 Such process patents were consequently also …” „… , pharmaceuticals and chemical substances from patent protection.51 Its implementation into the German 45 6 …” „… of food. Process patents for the production of substances that were excluded from patentability …”

Introduction S. 17-19

„… have to provide patent protection and/or plant variety pro tection respectively, for all genomic …” „… property protection for food by patents or rights. This development is exemplified by Germany …” „… of the food sector and its particular role in patent law. Interestingly enough, food, being central …”

Assessment S. 89-90

„… food. Food related inventions are now eligible for patent protection in most countries worldwide with …” „… all (...) (WTO) Members to provide for patent protection for pharmaceuticals. Surprisingly, an equally …” „… eligible for patent protection, is not even touched upon." 279 , Genomics and the Food Industry …”

Consequences S. 66-67

„… milestone in patent law (...) reducing the deficits in protection that were inherent in the Paris Convention …” „… the benefeits through stronger patent protection in Brazil, China and India and claims that reforming …” „… the domestic patent protection systems of developing countries is the first step towards meaningful …”

Consequences of the patentability of food in Germany S. 30-48

„… considers patent protection as an instrument for the promotion of technical and economic progress. Finally …” „… , the “exchange for secrets” thesis justifies patent protection with the obligation of the inventor to …” „… policy aims of patent protection in most parts of the world, % , Traditional and Socialist Concepts of …”

Protection under the plant variety protection system S. 115-123

„… patent system offer rather weak protection due to wide exemptions from the scope of protection. These …” „… exemptions from the scope of plant related patents and plant variety protection rights have been re cently …” „… protected by plant variety protection rights.396 This gap in protection cannot be filled by the patent …”

Final Summary S. 166-206

„… , WTO Members have to provide patent protection and/or plant variety pro tection respectively, for all …” „… Developed, WIPO Publication No. 988(E) (2006) > , How Does Patent Protection Help Developing Countries …” „… fects human nutrition. This is reflected in the patent system, where food related inven tions have …”

Abbreviations S. 13-14

„… % ABl Amtsblatt AIPPI Association Internationale pour la Protection de Propriété Intellec …” „… tuelle Art. Article ASSINSEL The International Association of Plant Breeders for the Protection of Plant …” „… Varieties BGH Bundesgerichtshof Bl. f. PMZ Blatt für Patent , Muster und Zeichenwesen BPatG …”

Patentability of savor nuances S. 136-138

„… tested every day in the kitchen, could be eligible for patent protection. 499 . means recipe …” „… aesthetic effects can generally justify the grant of a patent. The outcome of H decision497 by the …” „… board of appeal of the German Patent and Trademark Of fice (DPMA) is that a new savor nuance cannot …”

Summary S. 165

„… , the rather weak protec tion conferred by the plant variety protection system and the patent system …” „… - (' The patentability and the scope of protection of inventions related to the production of …” „… of plant varieties and animal species as well as exemp tions from the scope of protection concerning …”

Consequences of the patentability of food-related substances S. 75-85

„… in the use of the national patent sys tems in Brazil, China and India.233 Food related patent …” „… to Director General of WIPO > “patents are a key measure of the extent and success of an inno …” „… Brazilian, Chinese and Indian patent ap plications. Table 5 shows the sum of national and foreign …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845210230

Monica Donghi - Patent Strategy in Pharmaceutical Industry: Are additional patents valuable?

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Monica Donghi

Patent Strategy in Pharmaceutical Industry: Are additional patents valuable?

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 20 2014

Results in this title

Use of Procedural Provisions: Supplementary Protection Certificates (SPCs)/Patent Term Extension S. 27-30

„… (SPCs)/Patent Term Extension In Europe, Supplementary Protection Certificates can be requested from the national …” „… Regulations foresaw transitional periods.59, 60 The keystone of the patent protection for docetaxel in Europe …” „… of drugs. A. Taxotere 29 months) for the treatment of solid tumours extended the patent protection of …”

Use of Procedural Provisions S. 37-39

„… Supplementary Protection The basic patent protection for latanoprost in Europe is derived from EP 0364417 which …” „… patent term up to 15 years after the first MA could be requested nationally.100 Further protection of …” „… .103 Conclusion In the case of Latanoprost prolongation of patent protection was obtained through …”

Innovation Tracks S. 45-62

„… market exclusivity through patent protection or regulatory measures. 1. a) 126 Patrick J. Crowley, Luigi …” „… medication compliance, 23 Clin. Ther. 1296, (2001). IV. Discussion 46 With respect to patent protection some …” „… from patent protection: see Ulrich Storz, Biopatent Law: Patent Strategies and Patent Management 25-41 …”

Conclusion S. 39-41

„… .103 Conclusion In the case of Latanoprost prolongation of patent protection was obtained through …” „… supplementary protection certificates and paediatric extension. A substantial number of patents (93%) have been …” „… paediatric use additional 6 month protection period may be obtained, when the holder of a patent or a …”

Xalatan SPC Request: a Case for Competition Law? S. 62-66

„… Competition Law? The patent protection (EP 0364417) for Xalatan based on obtained SPCs was due to end in July …” „… request was also an action with the only purpose to extend patent protection.222 The ICA relied on the …” „… the patents connected to it stem very often by more specialized companies as shown in the Xalatan …”

Lifecycle Management: Criticism and Supports S. 42-45

„… initial invention.120 They agreed that such contributions, if inventive, merit patent protection but they …” „… sources, patent protection, and commercialization of pharmaceutical innovations, 39 Research Policy 810 …” „… few years, patent exclusivity will expire for drugs with combined annual sales of $140 billion.”108 …”

Summary: Taxotere v Xalatan S. 69-72

„… prolonging exclusivity after the end of the due protection. Most of the patent applications concerning new …” „… follow-on drug. In fact, this has happened in the Taxotere case, where upon expiry of the patent protection …” „… trials and market authorisation was obtained. However, the patent family protecting this improvement got …”

Periodical Materials in English S. 77-80

„… /Supplements/EPOsecond-medical-use-claims-The-skinny-SmPC-loophole.html?supplementListId=83781. Christian Sternitzke, Knowledge sources, patent protection, and commercialization of …” „… week 40, 12 Curr. Pat. Gaz. 1, (2009). Anonymous, Patent expiries to hit glaucoma drug market growth …” „… ). Josef Drexl, Astra Zeneca and the EU Sector Inquiry: when do patent filings violate competition law …”

General S. 21-23

„… randomly selected successful drugs whose basic patent protection has been expired: Taxotere® and Xalatan …” „… in November 1995.32 The patent protection for the basic compound expired in November 2010 in U.S …” „… Case Studies-Facts This section will discuss patent strategies that companies undertake in the …”

Patent Portfolio S. 23-27

„… Certificates (SPCs)/Patent Term Extension In Europe, Supplementary Protection Certificates can be requested …” „… Patent Portfolio Process The synthetic procedure, disclosed in the basic patent family, while allowing …” „… address this issue as can be seen by the large number of successive patents in this area. E.g. EP 0336841 …”

Conclusion S. 30-32

„… months) for the treatment of solid tumours extended the patent protection of Taxotere to November …” „… 2010.70 Conclusion In its patent strategy Sanofi-Aventis focused mainly on three innovation tracks …” „… life of the patent application that first disclosed docetaxel. The patent filing trends for docetaxel …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Provisions: Supplementary Protection Certificates (SPCs)/Patent Term Extension 3. 27 Conclusion4. 30 XalatanB …” „… Patent Strategy in Pharmaceutical Industry: Are additional patents valuable? Nomos BUT_Donghi_0991-5 …” „… .indd 4 28.11.13 10:15 Preface This thesis is the result of research and analysis of the patent …”

Final Remarks S. 73-76

„… in cases of examples where secondary patents led to commercial success, like the protection of …” „… , critics of this business model argue that secondary patents prolong the monopoly the originator holds on a …” „… patent does not constitute a unilateral advantage for the originator company.263 This is for two reasons …”

Italy S. 81-82

„… Table of Cases European Union ECJ, C-322/10, Medeva BV v. Comptroller General of Patents, Designs …” „… , Loyola University of Chicago v. Comptroller General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks, November 24 …” „… . Germany BundesPatentGericht (BPatG) [Federal Patent Court] June 15, 2010, BeckRS, 24071, 2010 (Ger …”

General S. 32-33

„… . and in Europe76. The patent protection for the basic compound expired in March 2011. During previous …” „… Figure 3: Top patent applicants for docetaxel (474 patents)74 Xalatan General Latanoprost (trade …” „… Reddy’s Laboratories and Shanghai Parling Pharma-Techco. Additionally, a number of patent applications …”

Patent Portfolio S. 33-37

„… was launched in 1996 in the U.S. and in Europe76. The patent protection for the basic compound expired …” „… remaining vision.78 Patent Portfolio Process The initial method of synthesis covered by the basic patent …” „… Authorisation in Sweden 18 July 1996: see European Patent Register, Legal status: EP 0364417 …”

Patent Strategy and Innovation S. 66-69

„… demonstrated new increments companies will receive exclusivity. Patent protection on Xalacom could not be …” „… paediatric extension should have not been penalized. Patent Strategy and Innovation The main criticisms on …” „… : when do patent filings violate competition law?, Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and …”

Statutes S. 82-83

„… at http://www.eupatent.com/spc-protection-for-combination-pr oducts-future-scenarios/. Pfizer vs AGCM …” „… 469/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009. The U.S. Patent Act, 35 U.S.C. The …” „… U.S. Patent Act, 21 U.S.C. European Patent Convention (14th ed. amended 2010). Guidelines for …”

Introduction S. 13-15

„… , formulations, combinations, delivery devices) pursued by the patent protection. These patents that accompany …” „… situation has led the pharmaceutical industry to pay more attention to the patent portfolio and to invest …” „… the development of a drug from research to market are referred to as follow on patents and are often …”

United Kingdom S. 82

„… at http://www.eupatent.com/spc-protection-for-combination-pr oducts-future-scenarios/. Pfizer vs AGCM …” „… 469/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009. The U.S. Patent Act, 35 U.S.C. The …” „… U.S. Patent Act, 21 U.S.C. European Patent Convention (14th ed. amended 2010). Guidelines for …”

United States S. 82

„… at http://www.eupatent.com/spc-protection-for-combination-pr oducts-future-scenarios/. Pfizer vs AGCM …” „… 469/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009. The U.S. Patent Act, 35 U.S.C. The …” „… U.S. Patent Act, 21 U.S.C. European Patent Convention (14th ed. amended 2010). Guidelines for …”

Acronyms and Abbreviations S. 11-12

„… Agency EFPIA European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations EPC European Patent …” „… Convention EPO European Patent Office FDA Food and Drug Administration FDLI Food and Drug Law Institute Fed …” „… Supplementary Protection Certificate R. Rule R&D Research and Development TRIPs Agreement on Trade-Related …”

Generic Drugs Approval. S. 19-20

„… requirements shall not be regarded as contrary to patent rights or to supplementary protection certificates for …” „… for applying for a MA in a Member State do not constitute patent infringement under the so-called …” „… medicinal products.”. 27 Stéphanie Michiels, Béatrice Holtz, Patent exemption for clinical trials: current …”

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