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Christopher Hodges

Law and Corporate Behaviour

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2016

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Regulating Safety S. 529-610

„… Part E Regulatory Architectures 19 Regulating Safety This chapter considers the ways in …” „… which regulatory regimes control the safety of selected types of consumer products and services. All …” „… outside the scope of this study. The systems for controlling safety and risk are outlined in general …”

Index S. 745-802

„… – 8, 111, 420, 434 accountability Accountability for Regulator Impact initiative 208 air safety …” „… 283 EU law 622 Financial Conduct Authority 627 health and safety 574 health and social care …” „… meta-regulation 174 Principles for Economic Regulation 195 railway safety 323 Regulators ’ Compliance …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… health and safety. Key fi ndings are that ‘enforcement’ has to focus on identifying the causes of …” „… complete compliance. Systems in which reporting is essential for safety only function with a no-blame …” „… of Salutaris collaborated over many years on general product safety and product liability, and has …”

Responsive, Meta and Compliance Theories S. 241-256

„… undertaken by others. 6 Hutter studied occupational health and safety and environmental control by …” „… Inspectorate, 7 and later systemic controls on railway safety. Grabosky and Gunningham have looked at …” „… , ‘ Business Responses to the Regulation of Health and Safety in England ’ ( 1993 ) 15 Law and Policy 219 …”

The Enforcement Policies of Individual Agencies S. 269-350

„… , railways, civil aviation, legal services, and health and safety in the workplace. Two further enforcement …” „… sanctions. The area of workplace health and safety has a longer history than many areas in which public …” „… twin complementary objectives of promoting the safety and soundness of all fi rms and contributing to …”

Introduction S. 1-12

„… ’ outcomes — eg lowering risks to safety, health and the environment, ensuring the achievement of some …” „… affect the safety of multitudes of people, banks can missell products to millions of people who do not …” „… ongoing safety raises the question of what would do so. At that point, the issue of culture arises. We …”

Business Values: Culture, Commitment, Trust and Ethics S. 667-694

„… external values such as ensuring the absolute safety of their customers, is demonstrated by the civil …” „… Lewis and D Arendt , ‘ Safety Culture in Your Safety Management System ’ in AJ Stolzer , CD …” „… Halford and JJ Goglia (eds), Implementing Safety Management Systems in Aviation ( Farnham , Ashgate …”

Empirical Evidence S. 139-152

„… , ‘ Workplace Health and Safety Regulations : Impact of Enforcement and Consultation on Workers ’ Compensation …” „… of deterrence after reviewing studies in automobile safety, malpractice, product liability …” „… of Punitive Damages Against Corporations in Environmental and Safety Torts ’ ( 1998 ) 87 …”

The Findings of Social Psychology S. 13-44

„… community can affect risk taking, safety and health. 38 The norm conveys signifi cant information about what …” „… Beyond Command-and-Control : Refl exivity in the Regulation of Occupational Safety and Health and the …” „… safety is not an individual responsibility. 176 IX. Managers ’ Decisions: Protecting Firms ’ Multiple …”

Compliance within Business Organisations S. 503-528

„… standards are industry specifi c, aiming at increasing safety and environmental protection, improving …” „… governance and decision making, minimising losses in such fi elds as, for example, energy, food safety …” „… Tyler and H Abbott , Product Safety ( London , Sweet & Maxwell , 1996 ) ch 14. 510 Compliance …”

OECD Policy on Regulation and Enforcement S. 257-268

„… agencies is diffi cult, because improvements or worsening outcomes (health, safety etc) cannot directly be …” „… safety lies with the regulated subjects. Inspectors and regulators are here to assist and promote …” „… compliance, but not to actually implement regulations — and they cannot be the ones ensuring safety, as they …”

Consumer Trading and Protection S. 351-418

„… promote their health and safety on their behalf, by ensuring that products and services on the market …” „… , product safety and age restricted sales, and more dispersed specialist skills are intellectual property …” „… regulation 150 and food safety law, 151 and that intensifying enforcement pressure is not 143 ibid, para …”

The Structure of Regulation and Self-Regulation in the UK S. 173-212

„… Safety Executive + HM Revenue and Customs + Highways Agency* Homes & Communities Agency + Human …” „… Commissioner Sports Grounds Safety Authority + The Birmingham Assay Offi ce + The Edinburgh Assay Offi ce …” „… Standards Agency, the Health and Safety Commission, the Health and Safety Executive, the Offi ce of Fair …”

Conclusions S. 153-158

„… achieving safety in practice. Viscusi concluded that the safetyinducing potential of product liability fails …” „… the basic architecture of safety regulation in chapters 19 and 20 below. Various adverse …” „… , for example, the Consumer Product Safety Commission in 2014 for failure to report potential product …”

Conclusions on Current Enforcement Policy S. 447-460

„… ’ reactively. 6 He cited three examples of where this occurred: Cheese from raw milk, consumer product safety …” „… Model (EMM) approach of the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is in practice a rather unwieldy tool, and …” „… wide range of matters, including food safety, health and safety in workplaces, licensing, housing and …”

Conclusions: Ethical Regulation S. 695-706

„… or internal business compliance systems — will not be enough to ensure the safety of a system, as …” „… such behaviour can itself be modifi ed. 18 The civil aviation safety structure is entirely focused on …” „… focuses essentially on improving the quality and safety of healthcare in a vast organisational structure …”

Deterrence Theory S. 45-66

„… Contractual Networks in Food Safety ’ in J Swinnen , J Wouters , M Maertens and A Marx (eds), Private …” „… , ‘ Crisis in the Cockpit? The Role of Market Forces in Promoting Air Travel Safety ’ ( 1989 ) 32 Journal …” „… management capabilities ’ and thereby ‘ improve safety, reduce risk, and increase compliance with external …”

Financial Services S. 611-666

„… individual, and certainly every business and government. This universality means that safety and reliability …” „… insurance: See respectively P Davies , ‘ Liquidity Safety Nets for Banks ’ ( 2013 ) 13 Journal of …”

Developments in Criminal Enforcement in the United Kingdom S. 213-240

„… Sentence for a Guilty Plea, Corporate Manslaughter & Health and Safety Offences Causing Death, and Fraud …” „… Guideline on Corporate Manslaughter & Health and Safety Offences Causing Death, 69 published in 2010, is …” „… Manslaughter & Health and Safety Offences Causing Death. Defi nitive Guideline (Sentencing Guidelines Council …”

Standards, Accreditation, Self-Regulation and Co-Regulation S. 461-502

„… regulator. An example of this is the Health and Safety Executive ’ s approved code of practice on the …” „… Register, the offi cial gas registration body for the UK appointed by the Health and Safety Executive who …” „… Hodges , European Regulation of Consumer Product Safety ( Oxford , Oxford University Press , 2005 …”

Private Enforcement in USA S. 67-86

„… coverage. Viscusi ’ s overview of the evidence was that the safety-inducing potential of product …” „… Administration and the Offi ce of Safety and Health Administration. All of these agencies are largely mirrored in …” „… Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 allowed private enforcement. 19 ibid, 55, 67. 20 S Shavell …”

Competition S. 419-446

„… such as health and safety, environmental protection or anti-bribery and corruption. Some businesses …” „… example, occupational health and safety) and their compliance measures were typically ad hoc, often with …”

Public Regulation S. 159-172

„… many others. 7 BM Hutter , Regulation and Risk: Occupational Health and Safety on the Railways …”

Criticisms of Deterrence S. 107-138

„… and Employees : Health and Safety in the Workplace ’ ( 1983 ) 20 Journal of Law and Society 452 …” „… – 70 ; B Hutter , Regulation and Risk: Occupational Health and Safety on the Railways ( Oxford …”

Appendix 2: Guidance for Enforcers of Consumer Law S. 715-744

„… of Health, Social Services and Public Safety in Northern Ireland. 4 Only Which? are designated as a …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845274225

Christian Raetzke, Ulrike Feldmann, Akos Frank - Aus der Werkstatt des Nuklearrechts

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Christian Raetzke (ed.), Ulrike Feldmann (ed.), Akos Frank (ed.)

Aus der Werkstatt des Nuklearrechts

2016

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Carlton Stoiber Developments in the Law of Nuclear Safety: the Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety S. 397-410

„… 397 Developments in the Law of Nuclear Safety: the Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety Carlton …” „… Diplomatic Conference of the »Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety« (VDNS) to the existing framework of …” „… international law of nuclear reactor safety.1 The Declaration was originally proposed by the Government of …”

Alexandra van Kalleveen Discussion Report of the Fifth Working Session S. 411-416

„… to harmonisation and greater uniformity in the EU. M. Kuske, EC, DG ENER, Nuclear Safety and Fuel …” „… waste management and nuclear safety after a judgement rendered by the Court. As M. Kuske explained, the …” „… Safety framework is composed of three directives: The Basic Safety Standards (BSS) from the 1950s revised …”

Nuria Prieto Serrano The main Challenges in the Transposition of the Nuclear Waste Directive (2011/70/ Euratom) S. 197-212

„… the combined effect of it with the Nuclear Safety Directive as revised (2014) and the two …” „… peer-reviews in the nuclear safety regime, might have looked too catastrophic. Too bad, or too good, time …” „… Commission.4 The first initiative to adopt Euratom legislation on nuclear safety and waste took place in …”

Sara Maciel Sánchez National Developments and Challenges in the Field of Legal Requirements for Final Disposal – The Mexican Case S. 271-290

„… LLW and ILW Management, working with the National Commission of Nuclear Safety and Safeguards4 some …” „… Commission of Nuclear Safety and Safeguards (CNSNS) depends on the SENER, besides being the authority on …” „… safety and safeguards; reviewing, evaluating and using the basis for sitting, design, construction …”

Karoly Tamas Olajos Towards a Single European System of Nuclear Regulation: Enhancing Regulatory Cooperation in the Nuclear Field S. 367-396

„… « »Nuclear safety in the EU and beyond« Vorsitz / Chair: Dr. Michael Micklinghoff, Executive Nuclear …” „… personality from the Union) is a contracting party to the Convention on Nuclear Safety, the Joint Convention …” „… on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management (Joint …”

Judit Silye Current situation and challenges in Hungary in the field of radioactive waste and spent fuel management S. 291-300

„… . Legal and regulatory framework Hungary signed and ratified the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent …” „… Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management which was promulgated by Act LXXVI …” „… , the main characteristics of the Act on Atomic Energy are that it: ˗ declares the priority of safety …”

Lisa Thiele National Developments and Challenges in the Field of Legal Requirements for Final Disposal – Canada S. 301-306

„… Safety Commission (CNSC). A review of the existing radioactive waste management activities and …” „… industry, the Nuclear Safety and Control Act2 and the Nuclear Fuel Waste Act.3 The NSCA is the key piece …” „… of legislation that ensures the safety of the nuclear industry and radioactive waste management in …”

Jay Kraemer Status of HLW Disposal in the U.S.: A Cautionary and Costly Tale S. 213-270

„… licensing by the NRC, which was itself required to apply health, safety, and environmental standards …” „… Subcommittee on Environment and Safety of the JCAE, 94th Cong. 2d Sess. (1976). 6 See, NWPA, §111(a)(2) and …” „… environment and public health and safety. The statute provided that, within a year of its enactment, the EPA …”

Graham Alty Turnkey Contracts in Nuclear Decommissioning S. 29-38

„… would such a subject be relevant to the Congress? I am used to the sessions being about nuclear safety …” „… of activities on site …; be able to demonstrate sufficient knowledge of design and safety case …” „… could affect safety …; the licensee should … demonstrate that it has the core capability to understand …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… Working Session Nuclear safety in the EU and beyond Chair: Michael Micklinghoff Secretary: Alexandra …” „… Cooperation in the Nuclear Field Karoly Tamas Olajos 371 Developments in the Law of Nuclear Safety: the …” „… Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety Carlton Stoiber 397 Discussion Report of the Fifth Working …”

Ingmar Kohl turnkey (still) a viable option for nuclear projects? S. 39-42

„… longer produces significant positive cash flows. While nuclear safety remains the key priority, there is …” „… . • Secondly, the operator is still overall responsible for the nuclear safety until the final release from …” „… guarantees and quality. In the decommissioning phase, their priorities are more fragmented, e.g. safety …”

Teilnehmerverzeichnis / List of Participants S. 417-422

„… Commission, Directorate- General for Energy Directorate D – Nuclear Safety and Fuel Cycle Luxemburg Prof …” „… , Japan Lisa Thiele Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission Ottawa, ON, Canada Lisa-Kristin Trapp AREVA …”

Lisa Kristin Trapp Diskussionsbericht der Dritten Arbeitssitzung S. 307-310

„… Horin bat Jay Kraemer, mehr im Detail zu erklären, was der SER (Safety Evaluation Report) bezwecken …” „… Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management]. Dieses stelle die international gültigen …”

Florian Cahn The Right Key to Unlock the Door? – Application of Turnkey in Nuclear New Build S. 15-28

„… stakeholders is generally related to the safety significance of the particular building, component or system …” „… , activities with inferior safety classification on the periphery of the nuclear reactor are certainly more …” „… the licensing procedure of systems of the highest safety relevance but could – should in fact – be …”

Els Reynaers Kini The India Nuclear Insurance Pool (INIP) as a Next Move: an Attempt to Getting Out of Check S. 311-330

„… Convention on Nuclear Safety.27 Although, the CSC has in the meanwhile entered into force on 15 April, 2015 …” „… Nuclear Safety, 1994, on 31 March 2005. 28 See e.g.: The Financial Express, »GE Says No to …” „… Safety Assessment. Hence, the proposed approach entails that premium rates would be provided for …”

Hanns Näser Eine Million Jahre Langzeitsicherheit als Auswahlkriterium an ein Endlager? S. 161-186

„… in 2006 veröffentlichten Safety Requirements: Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste (WS-R-42006)14 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845280578

Norbert Pelzer - Bausteine eines globalen Atomrechtsregimes

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Norbert Pelzer (ed.)

Bausteine eines globalen Atomrechtsregimes

2007

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Danielle Degueuse New French Legislation: Liability, Safety, Information S. 145-161

„… Legislation: Liability, Safety, Information Introduction The new law n° 2006-686 of the 13 June 2006 on …” „… Safety Authority, the information of the public, the basic nuclear installations and transports of …” „… ) presenting the system of control and expertise in the field of nuclear safety and radioprotection and making …”

Claire Harvey The UK Regime of the Final Disposal of Radioactive Waste S. 107-129

„… Health and Safety Executive, the Environment Agency and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency …” „… Kingdom’s first national report on compliance with the obligations of the Joint Convention on the safety of …” „… spent fuel management and on the safety of radioactive waste management …”

David McCauley, Jacques Hénault Status and Prospects of the Canadian Nuclear Liability Law S. 135-145

„… Safety and Control Act1 which came into force on May 31, 2000 and replaced the 50-year old Atomic Energy …” „… Control Act. The Nuclear Safety and Control Act establishes the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission as …” „… discretionary power to the reg- 1 Nuclear Safety and Control Act (1997, c. 9): http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/N …”

Patrick Reyners Fifty Years Striving for a Global Nuclear Law Regime – What Did We Gain? S. 43-55

„… Initiative introduced by the USA and, for us, lawyers, the 3S concept (Safety, Security, Safeguards …” „… «. And in the nuclear safety field, the global perception is expressed by the wellknown motto: «An …” „… – Non-Proliferation, Supply, Safety; Volume I International Aspects, OECD/NEA, 1988. 49 The following period, from …”

Christine Althauser Diskussionsbericht/Report of Discussion S. 225-230

„… Nuclear Safety and Control Act und dem Nuclear Fuel Waste Act wurde insbesondere auf den Nulcear …” „… Legislation: Liability, Safety, Information« von Danielle Degueuse an, welcher die im Zusammenhang mit den …” „… Nuclear Safety Authority sowie die erweiterten Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligungsrechte erläutert. Der Vortrag …”

Alexander Spinczyk-Rauch Grußansprache für das Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit S. 25-31

„… Gemeinsame Konvention im Bereich der nuklearen Entsorgung, die Safety Guides der IAEO und das …” „… visible: While traditional subjects such as nuclear safety, radiation protection, liability or waste …”

Sebastiaan Reitsma Revised Nuclear Liability – A Challenge for Insurers S. 217-225

„… kanadische Atomhaftungsrecht. Neben dem Nuclear Safety and Control Act und dem Nuclear Fuel Waste Act wurde …” „… »New French Legislation: Liability, Safety, Information« von Danielle Degueuse an, welcher die im …”

Alexander Matveev Nuclear Liability Law in the Russian Federation S. 161-185

„… Russian Federation and the Government of the United States of America concerning operational safety …” „… enhancements, risk reduction measures and nuclear safety regulation for civil nuclear facilities in the …” „… Technical Assistance Programmes in the field of nuclear safety, concluded on 27th February 1995; the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Hénault 137 New French Legislation: Liability, Safety, Information Danielle Degueuse 145 Nuclear Liability …”

Marc Beyens Grußansprache des Präsidenten der AIDN/INLA S. 31-35

„… visible: While traditional subjects such as nuclear safety, radiation protection, liability or waste …”

Joachim Werren Grußansprache für das Land Niedersachsen S. 21-25

„… Entsorgung, die Safety Guides der IAEO und das WENRA-Harmonisierungsprojekt, die von zentraler Bedeutung …”

Hanns Näser Konrad und kein Ende – alte und neue Rechtsprobleme S. 89-107

„… sites Provision of Advice by the Health and Safety Executive, the Environment Agency and the Scottish …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845205243

Noëlly Zink - Medizinische Fehlermeldesysteme

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Noëlly Zink

Medizinische Fehlermeldesysteme

Series: Düsseldorfer Rechtswissenschaftliche Schriften

Volume 92 2010

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Dänemark, Act on Patient Safety S. 251-252

„… Gesetz das dänische Parlament, welches nach einer Erneuerung der dänischen Safety-Datenbank …” „… Safety Mit In-Kraft-Treten des Act on Patient Safety am 1.1.2004949 besteht in Dänemark für medizinisches …” „… “, WZ vom 16.02.2010, S. 2. 949 Act on Patient Safety in the Danish Health Care, ACT No. 429 of …”

USA, Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act S. 252-254

„… Gesetz das dänische Parlament, welches nach einer Erneuerung der dänischen Safety-Datenbank …” „… Vergleich zum ursprünglichen Patient Safety Act jedoch als marginal und können deshalb unberücksichtigt …” „… bleiben.951 II. USA, Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act Der Patient Safety and Quality Improvement …”

Gegenwärtige gesetzgeberische Vorhaben S. 249-251

„… Safety Mit In-Kraft-Treten des Act on Patient Safety am 1.1.2004949 besteht in Dänemark für medizinisches …” „… “, WZ vom 16.02.2010, S. 2. 949 Act on Patient Safety in the Danish Health Care, ACT No. 429 of …” „… : http://www.patientsikkerhed.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Patientsikkerhed/Loven/Act_on_Patient_Safety.pdf (Stand: 18.9.2010). Der Act on Patient Safety wurde am 1.1.2007 in den Danish Health Care Act …”

Zwischenergebnis S. 254-255

„… Fehlerbegriff. Während sich der dänische Act on Patient Safety bisher auf den stationären Sektor beschränkt …” „… , erfasst der amerikanische Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act jegliche Berichte von Ärzten über …” „… amerikanischen Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act herangezogen werden könnten956 – würde eine …”

Zusammenfassung S. 269-270

„… Patientensicherheitsgesetze, insbesondere der dänische Act on Patient Safety und der amerikanische Patient Safety and Quality …”

Fehlermeldesysteme S. 19-40

„… , proaktiven Sicherheitskultur (safety culture) mit vorurteilsfreiem Umgang mit Fehlern beschreibt.23 1 …” „… zur Entwicklung des freiwilligen und anonymen Meldesystems ASRS (Aviation Safety Reporting System).49 …” „… Line-operations-safety-audit-Projekt (LOSA-Projekt). Bei diesem Vorhaben beobachteten Experten die Fehler und die Bewältigung …”

Prozessuales und disziplinarisches Verwertungsverbot S. 262-269

„… Umständen den Berichtenden im Rahmen des amerikanischen ASRS (Aviation Safety Reporting System) zukommt,1002 …” „… Patientensicherheitsgesetze, insbesondere der dänische Act on Patient Safety und der amerikanische Patient Safety and Quality …”

Fehlermeldesystemdefinition S. 255-258

„… Gesundheitsministerium – wobei die Kriterien des amerikanischen Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act herangezogen …” „… Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act – sowohl den ambulanten als auch den stationären Sektor …”

Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 9-18

„… Gesetzesmodelle 251 I. Dänemark, Act on Patient Safety 251 II. USA, Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act …”

§ 135a Abs. 2 S. 1 Nr. 2 SGB V S. 53-60

„… . http://www.patientsikkerhed.dk/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Patientsikkerhed/Loven/Act_on_Patient_Safety.pdf (Stand: 18.9.10). Dazu ausführlich S. 251 f. 149 BT-Drs. 17/907. 54 der Justiz und für Gesundheit …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845227887

Alexander Proelß - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

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Alexander Proelß (ed.)

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2017

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. Safety zones S. 1741-1745

„… safety zone established around research installations in the EEZ and the continental shelf in case of …” „… aspects of their legal status remain open to discussion.19 Article 260 Safety zones Safety zones of a …” „… safety zones are respected by their vessels. Bibliography: Katharina Bork/Johannes Karstensen/Martin …”

. Navigational and safety aids and other improvements and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution S. 321-325

„… nature of the regime of straits established in Part III.54 Article 43 Navigational and safety aids and …” „… necessary navigational and safety aids or other improvements in aid of international navigation; and (b) for …” „… , Transit Passage and Users’ Contributions to the Safety of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, in: Myron …”

. Artificial islands, installations and structures in the exclusive economic zone S. 465-481

„… , safety and immigration laws and regulations. 3. Due notice must be given of the construction of such …” „… ensure safety of navigation, taking into account any generally accepted international standards …” „… not entirely removed. 4. The coastal State may, where necessary, establish reasonable safety zones …”

. Protection of human life S. 1029-1036

„… Künzli, The Law of International Human Rights Protection (2010); Filippo Lorenzon, Safety and Compliance …” „… , in Yvonne Baatz (ed.), Maritime Law (3rd edn. 2014), 339–367; Thomas A. Mensah, Maritime Safety …” „… 155) concerning Occupational Safety and Health and the Working Environment (22 June 1981, effective 11 …”

. Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in the territorial sea S. 209-214

„… schemes in the territorial sea 1. The coastal State may, where necessary having regard to the safety of …” „… Territorial Sea (2005) Documents: IMO, Ships’ Routeing (2015); IMO MSC, Report of the Maritime Safety …” „… State, where necessary and having regard to navigational safety, to designate sea lanes and traffic …”

. Laws and regulations of the coastal State relating to innocent passage S. 200-209

„… territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the following: (a) the safety of navigation and the regulation of …” „… Conference for the Codification of International Law 1930 (1975), 869 Cases: Sellers v. Maritime Safety …” „… international law, relating to innocent passage’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. ‘safety of navigation …”

. Non-interference with shipping routes S. 1745-1747

„… Scientific Research and the Law of the Sea (1982) Documents: IMO, Guidelines for Safety Zones and Safety of …” „… equipment under Art. 258, complements Art. 260 on the establishment of safety zones around them and is to be …” „… draft convention produced by it (1972 Draft ODAS Convention).2 They included provisions on safety zones …”

. Identification markings and warning signals S. 1747-1750

„… the sea or uses it. In addition to the obligation under Art. 262,12 the safety of navigation is to be …” „… location, it is consistent with the general duty to ensure the safety of navigation to consider that these …” „… warning signals to ensure safety at sea and the safety of air navigation, taking into account rules and …”

. Accommodation of activities in the Area and in the marine environment S. 1036-1047

„… regulator in connection with health and safety’ and in this regard requests the determination of additional …” „… fishing activity; (c) safety zones shall be established around such installations with appropriate …” „… markings to ensure the safety of both navigation and the installations. The configuration and location of …”

. Duty to avoid adverse consequences in the exercise of the powers of enforcement S. 1535-1538

„… endanger the safety of navigation or otherwise create any hazard to a vessel, or bring it to an unsafe port …” „… endangering the safety of navigation or creating any hazard to a vessel, as well as refraining from any action …” „… the obligation to ensure the safety at sea of ships flying its flag ( Art. 94 (4)(c) and (5)), as …”

. Laws and regulations of States bordering straits relating to transit passage S. 314-321

„… straits, in respect of all or any of the following: (a) the safety of navigation and the regulation of …” „… Hazardous Waste on Freedom of Passage, IJMCL 9 (1994), 135–172 Documents: Australian Maritime Safety …” „… build on the existing text of Art. 42, Greece proposed in 1978 to include ‘the safety of air traffic and …”

. Duty to render assistance S. 726-731

„… and effective search and rescue service regarding safety on and over the sea and, where circumstances …” „… Safety of Life at Sea 1948 (SOLAS 1948).13 This increasing density of treaty law may have persuaded the …” „… , operation and maintenance’ reflects the language of the International Convention on the Safety of Life at …”

. Legal status S. 1739-1741

„… drawn.12 In the second place, according to Art. 111 (2), hot pursuit may start from the safety zone …” „… aspects of their legal status remain open to discussion.19 Article 260 Safety zones Safety zones of a …” „… safety zones are respected by their vessels. Bibliography: Katharina Bork/Johannes Karstensen/Martin …”

. Artificial islands, installations and structures on the continental shelf S. 629-635

„… the Issue of Maritime Safety (2007), available at …” „… and other devices necessary for the exercise of its rights over the same, to establish safety zones …” „… . Ships of all nationalities shall respect these safety zones, which may extend up to … around the …”

. Enforcement with respect to pollution from seabed activities S. 1459-1464

„… Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. IV (1991) Documents: European Maritime Safety …” „… , equipment and manning standards to ensure the safety of operations. These provisions have to be read in the …” „… the duty ‘to undertake, in the safety zones [established around offshore installation and devices …”

. Sea lanes and traffic separation schemes in straits used for international navigation S. 308-314

„… designed systems, a TSS is established to contribute to safety of life at sea, safety and efficiency of …” „… interests of the coastal States bordering straits in safety and environ- 1 IMO, Ships’ Routeing (2010), xi …” „… Safety of Life at Sea 1974, as amended (SOLAS 1974). Part III. Straits used for international …”

. Basis for the resolution of conflicts regarding the attribution of rights and jurisdiction in the exclusive economic zone S. 459-465

„… customs, fiscal, health, safety and immigration laws and regulations. 3. Due notice must be given of the …” „… be removed to ensure safety of navigation, taking into account any generally accepted international …” „… safety zones around such artificial islands, installations and structures in which it may take …”

. Duties of the flag State S. 708-715

„… measures for ships flying its flag as are necessary to ensure safety at sea with regard, inter alia, to: (a …” „… required to observe the applicable international regulations concerning the safety of life at sea, the …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. ‘measures […] necessary to ensure safety at sea …”

. Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage S. 394-405

„… , Safety of Navigation: Designation of Certain Sea Lanes and Air Routes thereabove through Indonesian …” „… MSC, Report of the Maritime Safety Committee on Its Sixty-Ninth Session, IMO Doc. MSC 69/ 22/ADD.1 …” „… (1998); IMO MSC, Report of the Maritime Safety Committee on Its Sixty-Seventh Session, IMO Doc. MSC …”

. Duties of ships and aircraft during transit passage S. 301-306

„… regulations, procedures and practices for safety at sea, including the International Regulations for …” „… they apply to civil aircraft; state aircraft will normally comply with such safety measures and will at …” „… all times operate with due regard for the safety of navigation; (b) at all times monitor the radio …”

. Pollution from or through the atmosphere S. 1444-1452

„… practices and procedures and the safety of air navigation. 2. States shall take other measures as may be …” „… .), Völkerrecht (6th edn. 2013), 351–438; Henrik Ringbom, The EU Maritime Safety Policy and International Law …” „… internationally agreed rules, standards and recommended practices and procedures and the safety of air navigation …”

. Enforcement with respect to pollution from or through the atmosphere S. 1522-1528

„… , in conformity with all relevant international rules and standards concerning the safety of air …” „… conformity with all relevant international rules and standards concerning the safety of air navigation …” „… concerning air safety.’14 This major conceptual change was confirmed at the same session in the Revised …”

. Duties of ships and aircraft during their passage, research and survey activities, duties of the archipelagic State and laws and regulations of the archipelagic State relating to archipelagic sea lanes passage S. 405-409

„… required to comply with generally accepted international regulations procedures and practices for safety at …” „… normally comply with such safety measures, and will at all times operate with due regard to the safety of …” „… within archipelagic sea lanes: the safety of navigation and regulation of maritime 12 Second Committee …”

. Ice-covered areas S. 1567-1586

„… Safety of Life at Sea 1974; Art. 3 (a) International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification …” „… 30 (2015), 225–254; Cynthia Lamson, Arctic Shipping, Marine Safety and Environmental Protection …” „… Canadian-American Cooperation, ODIL 18 (1987), 49–99; David K. Leary, The IMO Mandatory International Code of Safety …”

. Non-discrimination with respect to foreign vessels S. 1545-1548

„… seaworthiness and safety at sea ( Art. 94 (3); Art. 219). 6. ‘unnecessary physical inspection’ 25 Interference …” „… State could temporarily adopt measures necessary to protect the vital interests or safety of that State …” „… ) 1988 to the Protocol International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea; Art. 5 (4) International …”

. Duties of States bordering straits S. 325-328

„… to the cause of enhancing safety, security, and environmental protection in the straits.20 The …” „… Mechanism. 20 Hiroshi Terashima, Transit Passage and Users’ Contributions to the Safety of the Straits of …” „… be different now that the contracting States of the International Convention for the Safety of Life …”

. Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances S. 214-218

„… SOLAS contains extensive rules on safety of navigation, including the use of routing systems (Regulation …” „… International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974, as amended. The original version available in 1184 …” „… This includes International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS 1974),19 and, in …”

. Ships flying the flag of the United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency S. 705-708

„… Diplomatic Conferences on Maritime Law and included:8 the applicability of the Safety of Life at Sea …” „… Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS 1974), as amended (superseding the SOLAS Conventions of …” „… necessary to ensure safety at sea with regard, inter alia, to: (a) the construction, equipment and …”

. Investigation of foreign vessels S. 1538-1545

„… result in endangering the safety of navigation or which may create any hazard to a vessel or expose the …” „… relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78); Regs. 6-19, Ch. I Annex International Convention for the Safety of Life at …” „… technical and safety requirements,16 such as those regarding garbage17 or air 7 Art. 7 (1) MARPOL 73/78. 8 …”

. Enforcement by port States S. 1488-1497

„… Marine Environmental Law (2003), 137–156; Henrik Ringbom, The EU Maritime Safety Policy and International …” „… in International Maritime Organization (IMO) conventions on maritime safety and the prevention of …” „… marine pollution, such as the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS) and the …”

. Measures relating to seaworthiness of vessels to avoid pollution S. 1497-1506

„… environment. With regard to safety and environmental protection, port States had thus far made only limited …” „… of any deficiencies which are found to be clearly hazardous to safety or health and, if need be …” „… the vessel is allowed to leave port, explicitly mentions deficiencies that are hazardous to safety …”

. Submarines and other underwater vehicles S. 197-200

„… . The rule balances navigational interests with the safety and security concerns of coastal States. As …” „… to travel submerged, for reasons of safety this was the manner in which they should exercise their …” „… passage through the territorial sea, in respect of all or any of the following: (a) the safety of …”

. High seas routes or routes through exclusive economic zones through straits used for international navigation S. 285-288

„… reporting system established in such waters, as in the case of the International Convention for the Safety …” „… safety also exist at the approaches to such straits.20 While straits under Art. 36 are generally wider …” „… Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974, as amended (SOLAS 1974). 20 Cf. IMO, Ships’ Routeing (2010 …”

. Safeguards with respect to straits used for international navigation S. 1564-1567

„… , namely on the safety of navigation and the regulation of maritime traffic, as well as the prevention …” „… promote the safety of navigation and to protect and preserve the marine environment in the straits of …” „… Safety of Life at Sea 1974; Art. 3 (a) International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification …”

. Pollution from vessels S. 1420-1444

„… Art. 211 (1) whether it occurred before or after UNCLOS’ entry into force, ranges from safety related …” „… precautionary areas and areas to be avoided, are known to enhance safety of navigation, in particular in …” „… assigned to the IMO by Reg. 10, Ch. V, Annex, International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 …”

. Pollution from seabed activities subject to national jurisdiction S. 1392-1401

„… Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 2000 (2002); IMO, Safety Zones and Safety of …” „… of the marine environment, such as safety, construction and operation regulations, provided that …” „… Continental Shelf and in the Exclusive Economic Zone, IMO Res. A.672(16) of 19 October 1989, IMO, Safety Zones …”

. Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone S. 445-459

„… ships must respect these safety zones and shall comply with generally accepted international standards …” „… regarding navigation in the vicinity of artificial islands, installations, structures and safety zones.’ 13 …” „… the same as that of sovereign territory. With the exception of safety zones that do not have a …”

. Right of hot pursuit S. 773-780

„… in the exclusive economic zone or on the continental shelf, including safety zones around continental …” „… Convention to the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf, including such safety zones. 3. The right …” „… EEZ […] [and] continental shelf, including safety zones around continental shelf installations’.15 One …”

. Deployment and use S. 1732-1739

„… . EC-XLI-4 (2008); UNESCO/IMCO, Safety Provisions of Ocean Data Acquisition Systems, Aids and Devices (1972 …” „… advance implementation of safety provisions5 and decided to publish part of the material prepared in the …” „… , Safety Provisions of Ocean Data Acquisition Systems, Aids and Devices (1972). 7 A draft article on ‘Means …”

Index S. 2554-2619

„… – compliance with the sea-bed regime 147 22 – conduct of other activities 147 34 – establishment of safety …” „… , see also Pollution from seabed activities – breadth of safety zone 60 26 et seq. – claim to an EEZ 80 …” „… – rights, jurisdiction and duties of coastal States in the EEZ 56 21 – safety of navigation 60 20 et seq …”

. Right of transit passage S. 294-301

„… the concern of the State bordering the strait with pollution and maritime safety had been noted by the …” „… with generally accepted international regulations, procedures and practices for safety at sea …” „… with such safety measures and will at all times operate with due regard for the safety of navigation …”

. Right of visit S. 768-773

„… conduct a preliminary security sweep to ascertain that there are no active threats to their safety aboard …” „… shelf, including safety zones around continental shelf installations, of the laws and regulations of the …” „… continental shelf, including such safety zones. 3. The right of hot pursuit ceases as soon as the ship pursued …”

. Promotion of international cooperation S. 1631-1637

„… prevent and control damage to the health and safety of persons and to the marine environment. Bibliography …” „… access to information necessary to prevent damage to health, the safety of persons and the marine …” „… only information ‘necessary to prevent and control damage to the health and safety of persons and to …”

. Exercise of powers of enforcement S. 1532-1535

„… Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS 1974), Reg. 4.1, Ch. II-1 SOLAS 1974, Reg. 9.1.1, Ch. II …” „… the safety of navigation or otherwise create any hazard to a vessel, or bring it to an unsafe port or …”

. Roadsteads S. 129-132

„… UN-Baselines Study as ‘an area near the shore where vessels are intended to anchor in a position of safety …” „… claim (infra, note 25) was justified in the interests of traffic safety, but this is a controversial …”

. Free zones and other customs facilities S. 921-925

„… access and ensure safety and efficiency in transit traffic by facilitating the conclusion of agreements …” „… the jurisdiction of that state especially with regard to safety of operation, working conditions and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 313 Article 43. Navigational and safety aids and other improvements and the prevention, reduction and …” „… ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1738 Article 260. Safety zones …”

. Sovereign right of States to exploit their natural resources S. 1288-1296

„… dealing with emergencies, ensuring the safety of operations at sea, preventing intentional and …” „… emergencies, ensuring the safety of operations at sea, and regulating the design, construction, equipment …” „… emergencies, ensuring the safety of operations at sea, and regulating the design, construction, equipment …”

. Responsibility and liability S. 1750-1758

„… equipment deployed in the marine environment have warning signals, to ensure the safety of navigation and …” „… safety of navigation and the safety of the installation itself.19 The International Telecommunications …”

. Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment S. 1296-1316

„… dealing with emergencies, ensuring the safety of operations at sea, preventing intentional and …” „… emergencies, ensuring the safety of operations at sea, and regulating the design, construction, equipment …” „… emergencies, ensuring the safety of operations at sea, and regulating the design, construction, equipment …”

. Rights of protection of the coastal State S. 223-227

„… continuing contact with the authorities of States concerned with safety of navigation and the prevention …” „… Ch. XI/2 Ch. 2 Annex International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS 1974 as …”

. Enforcement by flag States S. 1475-1488

„… International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS 39 The word ‘shall’ conveys an obligation, see …” „… general manner in the first paragraph, and the general obligation of the flag State to ensure safety at …” „… safety at sea, the latter arguably includes the obligation to ensure that substandard vessels do not …”

. Declarations, notifications and communications S. 2533-2541

„… as an Actor in the Law of the Sea: The Emergence of Regionalism in Maritime Safety, Transportation …” „… provisions on maritime transport, safety of shipping and the prevention of marine pollution contained, inter …” „… Regionalism in Maritime Safety, Transportation and Ports, GYIL 48 (2005), 223, 231, urging the review of the …”

. Duties of the coastal State S. 218-223

„… report on dangers, or to dredge channels or implement other safety measures, unless this is necessary to …” „… authorities of States concerned with safety of navigation and the prevention, reduction and control of …”

. Normal baseline S. 46-61

„… constructed in the vicinity and safety distances have to be observed. 8aa) Low-water datum. At many coasts …” „… Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS 1974) requires the carriage of adequate and up-to-date charts …” „… ). 56 Reg. 27 Ch. V Annex International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974 (SOLAS 1974), as …”

. Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone S. 419-438

„… to violations in the exclusive economic zone or on the continental shelf, including safety zones …” „… safety zones.’ 9. ‘the coastal State shall have due regard to the rights and duties of other States’ 23 …” „… entitled to establish reasonable safety zones around artificial islands, installations and structures in …”

. Protection of the marine environment S. 1008-1029

„… environment as well as of safety measures concerning activities in the area were not objected to.’10 Notably …” „… ‘protection and conservation of the living resources of the sea’, but also the safety of life and property …” „… pollution from installations and devices used for seabed activities, ensure safety of operations, and …”

. Internal waters S. 85-97

„… CADIZ in 1977 and the December 1980 Regional European Conference on Maritime Safety,63 the Paris …” „… its 1988 Protocol; the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 1974) (as …” „… and safety regulations.89 30f) Other vessels in internal waters. Except for cases of distress, States …”

. Measures to avoid or eliminate delays or other difficulties of a technical nature in traffic in transit S. 928-930

„… services, intensification of transit corridors, safety and security regulations. 2 Sea-Bed Committee, Draft …”

. Applicability of Part XVII S. 2551-2554

„… – compliance with the sea-bed regime 147 22 – conduct of other activities 147 34 – establishment of safety …”

. Establishment of the Authority S. 1098-1108

„… July 1962, ICJ Reports (1962), 151; ICJ, Constitution of the Maritime Safety Committee of the …” „… , Constitution of the Maritime Safety Committee of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization …”

. Duty to comply with certain conditions S. 1680-1691

„… require complete removal, and only provides that they ‘shall be removed to ensure safety of navigation …” „… to high costs, if its impact on safety of navigation and on the maritime environment is expected to …”

. Prohibition of the transport of slaves S. 731-734

„… .38 Rescued persons may only be disembarked in a place of safety, defined to mean a place where …”

. Unauthorized broadcasting from the high seas S. 764-768

„… history of popular music.1 However, unauthorised radio broadcasts may jeopardise public safety …”

. Status of ships S. 701-705

„… Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 14 October 2005 …”

. Penal jurisdiction in matters of collision or any other incident of navigation S. 722-726

„… adequate and effective search and rescue service regarding safety on and over the sea and, where …”

. Customs duties, taxes and other charges S. 917-921

„… access and ensure safety and efficiency in transit traffic by facilitating the conclusion of agreements …”

. Privileges and immunities S. 1233-1237

„… considerations of safety. It is also clear that interference with its free intercourse with States parties would …”

. Enforcement with respect to pollution from activities in the Area S. 1464-1468

„… practices, including those relating to operational safety, resource conservation and environmental …”

. Duty to cooperate in the repression of piracy S. 734-738

„… covered by offences under Art. 3 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of …”

. Suspension and restrictions on institution of proceedings S. 1548-1553

„… International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea 1974; Art. 5 (3) MARPOL 73/78. Suspension and …”

. Publication and dissemination of information and knowledge S. 1640-1644

„… ))7 and in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) (Art. 61 (5)), but also in relation to the safety of …”

. Marine scientific research S. 990-1003

„… oceanographic observations and to obtain information for the making of navigational charts and for the safety of …” „… storm warnings for the safety of life at sea66, it shall not be restricted by rules of the Convention …”

. Pollution from land-based sources S. 1379-1392

„… Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 2000 (2002); IMO, Safety Zones and Safety of …”

. Reservation of the high seas for peaceful purposes S. 683-688

„… ’ may suggest ‘it would be appropriate to declare a temporary exclusion zone to ensure “safety of …”

. Exclusion of application of the most-favoured-nation clause S. 912-917

„… corridors (including specific ports), safety of transit traffic, maintenance of infrastructure, assurances …”

. Organs of the Council S. 1170-1175

„… the protection of the marine environment and safety are not deemed proprietary.25 The term …”

. Non-recognition of marine scientific research activities as the legal basis for claims S. 1625-1631

„… prevent and control damage to the health and safety of persons and to the marine environment. Bibliography …”

. Marine scientific research in the water column beyond the exclusive economic zone S. 1726-1732

„… Programme, IOC Executive Council Res. EC-XLI-4 (2008); UNESCO/IMCO, Safety Provisions of Ocean Data …”

. Definition of piracy S. 738-745

„… of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation, 23 September 1971, UNTS 974, 177. 38 …”

. International character of the Secretariat S. 1199-1206

„… concerning protection of the marine environment and safety, other than equipment design data’, as stated in …”

. Enforcement with respect to pollution from land-based sources S. 1452-1459

„… Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. IV (1991) Documents: European Maritime Safety Agency, Action Plan for …”

. Innocent passage S. 328-335

„… ., 417 (referring to IMO, Report of the Sub-Committee on Safety of Navigation, IMO Doc. NAV/35/14 of 2 …”

. Nationality of Ships S. 693-701

„… pollution control and shipping safety.’11 In this regard, Art. 91 contains two duties and a limitation …”

. Scope of this Part S. 277-285

„… O:/Beck/Proells/3d/PART III.3d from 20.02.2017 17:47:43 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Safety …”

. The Legal and Technical Commission S. 1179-1188

„… plan of work needs to provide for the effective protection of human health, safety and the marine …”

ANNEX III BASIC CONDITIONS OF PROSPECTING, EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION S. 2114-2276

. Measures to avoid pollution arising from maritime casualties S. 1513-1522

„… conformity with all relevant international rules and standards concerning the safety of air navigation …”

. Right to conduct marine scientific research S. 1606-1615

„… safety of navigation and the laying of submarine cables and pipelines. For more examples see ibid., 400 …”

. Promotion of the development and transfer of marine technology S. 1765-1775

„… sophisticated and safety-centred seafaring profession. The inclusion of Part XIV in the Convention failed to …”

. Submarine cables and pipelines on the continental shelf S. 619-629

„… the Issue of Maritime Safety (2007), available at …”

. General obligation S. 1278-1288

„… safety zones, Arts. 73, 211 (4) and (5) concerning laws and regulations regarding marine pollution from …”

. Limitations on applicability of section 2 S. 1908-1920

„… .982(24) (2006). See further Bartenstein on Art. 211 MN 42. 59 International Convention for the Safety of …”

. Duty of States to adopt with respect to their nationals measures for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas S. 804-818

„… social matters, and safety at sea. In addition, measures will also include those required by the …”

Preamble S. 2-18

„… Other Matter of 29 December 1972; the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea of 1974; or …”

. Marine scientific research in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf S. 1650-1665

„… charts to support safety of navigation, and include acquisition of data on the depth of water …”

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