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Hanna Mühlbacher - Self-Representation im Common Law

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Hanna Mühlbacher

Self-Representation im Common Law

Series: Streitbeilegung und Streitvermeidung im Zivilrecht - Schriftenreihe des Munich Center for Dispute Resolution

Volume 13 2022

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§ 3 Probleme bei Self-Representation S. 168-207

„… Probleme bei Self-RepresentationRechtliche und tatsächliche Probleme der Self-Representation …” „… versetzt wurden, gar “depressing”.676 Das wohl augenscheinlichste Problem der self-representation, das auch …” „… und tatsächliche Probleme der Self-Representation169zugesprochen erhalten, als Parteien ohne Anwalt …”

§ 2 Gründe für eine Self-Representation in Common Law Rechtsordnungen S. 125-167

„… Gründe für eine Self-Representation in Common Law RechtsordnungenEinleitungUm die Gründe zu …” „… gelangen auch Pleasence/Balmer, How People Resolve ‘Legal’ Problems § 2 Gründe für eine Self-Representation …” „… , die eine self-representation befördern, schwer zu fassen sind und die hier untersuchten Eigenschaften …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… Self-Representation im Common LawHanna MühlbacherEine rechtsvergleichende Studie über die …” „… Meller-Hannich Band 13Hanna MühlbacherSelf-Representation im Common LawEine rechtsvergleichende Studie über die …” „… self-representation“ und im europäischen Zivilprozessrecht2.34USA – Die self-represented party als Normalfalla) 36 …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 257-280

„… the Right to Self-Representation in Civil Proceedings, in: (2011) 30 Civil Justice Quarterly, S …” „… . 267–282.—, Injustice in person - The right to self-representation, Oxford 2015.Aviel, Rebecca, Why Civil …” „… , Nicholas/Bertrand, Lorne, The rise of self-representation in Canada's Family Courts: the complex picture revealed in …”

§ 1 Einführung und Überblick über die aktuelle Rechtslage S. 21-124

„… Rechtsmittelinstanz und vor höheren Gerichten – nicht auf. Somit stellt die Möglichkeit der self-representation im …” „… lichsten Gründen für eine self-representation in bürgerlich- und familienrechtlichen Streitigkeiten. Dies …” „… Die Neigung zu self-representation lässt sich auch nicht auf eine zu geringe Anzahl an zugelassenen …”

§ 5 Versuche und Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der Stellung nicht anwaltlich vertretener Parteien im Common Law Zivilprozess S. 219-253

„… „Non-attorney assisted representation“, andererseits durch Fachkräfte, die zwar juristisch geschult, jedoch …” „… hinaus) notwendig wäre.„Non-attorney assisted representation“ im Justice Court, TexasEin an den McKenzie …” „… erstinstanzlichen Verfahren in Texas unter dem Begriff “Non-attorney assisted representation” verfolgt. Seit 2011 …”

§ 6 Ergebnis S. 254-256

„… dieser Arbeit präsentierte Bandbreite an Instrumenten kann self-representation, soweit sie nicht …”

§ 4 Verfassungs- und verfahrensrechtliche Herausforderungen des Anwaltszwangs aus deutscher Sicht S. 208-218

„… in Common Law Ländern als Argument für eine self-representation die Selbstbestimmung der Partei …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748937180

Kristina Brümmer, Alexandra Janetzko, Thomas Alkemeyer - Ansätze einer Kultursoziologie des Sports

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Kristina Brümmer (ed.), Alexandra Janetzko (ed.), Thomas Alkemeyer (ed.)

Ansätze einer Kultursoziologie des Sports

Series: Kultursoziologie und Kulturgeschichte der Gegenwart | Sociology of Culture and Contemporary Cultural History

Volume 1 2021

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Michael L. Butterworth Sports, Politics, and Media Representations S. 311-332

„… konkreten (Sport-) Praktik abhängig ist. 4. 311 Sports, Politics, and Media Representations Michael L …” „… . To conclude, I read the opposi- Sports, Politics, and Media Representations 315 tion between liberal …” „… Representations 317 Kaepernick included well-covered stories about the National Basketball Association’s (NBA …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… , Politics, and Media Representations 313 Michael L. Butterworth Die Normalität des Fußballs 333 Nina Degele …”

Olaf Stieglitz Kulturgeschichte des Körpers S. 113-134

„… emotions. Sport is integrally tied to the erotic, in athletic performance and through representation and …” „… body. Sport tears bodies down and could be usefully studied as a site of disablement and representation …”

Jörg Strübing Selbstvermessung als Subjektivierungsweise S. 231-248

„… Studies entwickelt haben. Sie argumentieren: “Shadow bodies, like indicators […], are representations of …”

Gabriele Klein Performance und Performativität S. 67-86

„… ’ representing only failures of representation […] [Performance] attempts not to tell [like theatre], but rather …”

Niklas Woermann, Heiko Kirschner Skopische Medien und E-Sport S. 269-288

„… , Dmitri/Martins, Nicole/Consalvo, Mia/Ivory, James D. (2009): The virtual census: representations of gender, race …”

John Hockey Phenomenology of the Senses S. 135-152

„… ) and artistic impressions (cf. Owton 2013), often combining these modes of representation, which when …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845288796

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Mike Hajimichael

Bob Marley and Media

2023

doi.org/10.5771/9781538165461

Tor-Inge Harbo - Legitimising a European Constitution

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Tor-Inge Harbo

Legitimising a European Constitution

2007

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Institutional representation S. 223-238

„… direct democracy features are applied in the EU. 8.1. Institutional representation 8.1.1 …” „… . Participation/representation on the European and the national levels The European citizen is represented through a number of …” „… of representation – European and national. First of all, he is represented through the EP, which …”

Interest group representation S. 238-243

„… the “Europe of citizens”. 8.2. Interest group representation In the previous sections, I have …” „… conclude from the discussion, the institutional representation in the EU is clearly incomplete when we …” „… deficient parliamentary representation is in the EU partly compensated through the national parliaments …”

Representative democracy S. 55-64

„… associates living under common laws and represented by the same legislative assembly representation was not …” „… members of the state. Representation presupposed the idea of a collective body of the people. The nation …” „… was the ideal embodiment of a collective unit, which was given life through representation. Not …”

Classical participatory democracy S. 53-55

„… institutional representation, with special focus on the representative’s position and how he is torn between the …” „… discuss complementary concept of representation in plural societies, namely interest group representation …” „… , rather a rejection of a particular form of representation, namely representation that was independent of …”

Conclusion S. 246-247

„… structure (political parties), representation of the European citizenry through the EP is bound to be …” „… institutional representation, for example, through the EU institutions, as the Council, the Commission and the …” „… motors integrating social plurality. Interest group representation is an important complement to …”

Introduction S. 222-223

„… 222 8. Representation and participation in EU policy-making (y-axis - who …” „… representation. Through the concept of representation one was able to reduce the participants in the political …” „… level, in our example, the EU, will reinforce the concept of representation, making participation, at …”

Direct democracy S. 243-246

„… group representation, as well as the constructivist concept of technocratic deliberation), logrolling …” „… well as the lack of an intermediate structure (political parties), representation of the European …” „… number of alternative forms of institutional representation, for example, through the EU institutions, as …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… democracy 552.2.1. Institutional representation (bound or unbound) 562.2.2. Interest group …” „… representation 602.2.2.1. Lobbying 602.2.2.2. Liberal corporatism and consociationalism 632.3 …” „… of redistribution policies 219 Conclusion 221 8. Representation and participation in EU …”

Conclusions S. 271-275

„… in a society. The y-axis (chapter 2) deals with participation and representation. Who should …” „… a unit, but as a heterogeneous group. Interest group representation provides, thus, an alternative …” „… means of representation. The importance of interest groups as representatives tends to increase …”

Conclusion S. 75-77

„… between elitism and populism; between representation and participation; between indirect and direct …” „… introduction of the concept of representation and the establishment of representative assemblies …” „… . Representation through national assemblies, however, implies that there exists a unity of the people to represent …”

Conclusion S. 221-222

„… all EU member states. 222 8. Representation and participation in EU policy-making …” „… of representation. Through the concept of representation one was able to reduce the participants in …” „… supranational level, in our example, the EU, will reinforce the concept of representation, making participation …”

Introduction S. 52-53

„… representation does not fulfil the democratic standards (transparency, accountability) that are applicable for …” „… inform participatory democrats today. Thereafter, I will discuss institutional representation, with …” „… concept of representation in plural societies, namely interest group representation, and, finally …”

Critique of polyarchy: fin du circle? S. 64-75

„… transcends in two ways views on interest representation as expressed in pluralist theories of democracy …” „… case the right balance between elitism and populism; between representation and participation; between …” „… , most notably, the introduction of the concept of representation and the establishment of representative …”

Decision-making mode S. 87-98

„… reflected in the institution of representation. For example, in the case a majority of citizens, a majority …” „… proportional representation (Verhältniswahl) has instead been adopted in order to produce a closer fit between …” „… electoral and legislative majorities. However, the system of proportional representation can, according to …”

Self-rule and shared-rule (federalism in practice) S. 107-117

„… or dual allocation of policy competencies is complemented by a rather weak representation of the …” „… functional division of labour requires a strong representation of the interests of the federal units at the …” „… majority of the federal units. The chamber of territorial representation is organised according to the …”

The cure (II): Majority rule instead of consensus (unanimity) S. 262-269

„… co-operative elites; a proportional representation of the states to the central institutions; and the existence …” „… decision-making bodies of the Union. The application of the principle of over-representation for small countries …”

Introduction S. 166-167

„… toppling the Bourbon monarchy, but also a struggle over representation. The question was, as Sieyès posed …”

Conclusion S. 50-52

„… development is that this new form of representation does not fulfil the democratic standards (transparency …”

Constitution S. 134-150

„… , but should leave this to a representative assembly. The concept of representation was to be the major …” „… clearly shown that the concept of representation has proved to be too weak to function as a check on, what …”

A European demos? S. 181-190

„… argues, furthermore, that there is no: “need for the representation of the demos as a unitary body” (ibid …”

The cure (I): Deliberation instead of bargaining S. 251-262

„… fact that the national representation was upgraded as the Convention’s work proceeded, either by change …”

Reference List S. 276-290

„… its Critique” in: West European Politics, special issue on “The Crises of Representation in Europe …”

Intervention or retrenchment S. 38-50

„… representation. Carried out into modern capitalism, corporatism was typically built around occupational groupings …”

Volk - Nation - People S. 167-181

„… the Bourbon monarchy, but also a struggle over representation. The question was, as Sieyès posed in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845202778

Gordian N. Hasselblatt - Community Design Regulation

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Gordian N. Hasselblatt (ed.)

Community Design Regulation

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2015

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Professional representation S. 484-490

„… again the position is the same for Community designs. V. Procedures relating to representation, Artt. 61 …” „… to 64 CDIR 15The practical Office procedures relating to representation can be found in Artt. 61 to …” „… generally formulated power of attorney concerning representation in any proceedings before the Office. 2 …”

General principles of representation S. 480-484

„… under Art. 76 (2), but it extends to even greater lengths2. Section 4 Representation Article 77 General …” „… principles of representation 1. Subject to paragraph 2, no person shall be compelled to be represented before …” „… and CD systems. General principles of representation Art. 77 CDR Steffen Hagen 457 Reemers Publishing …”

Multiple applications S. 345-348

„… representation/specimen and the relevant indication of products for each design, Art. 2 (3) CDIR. Besides the applicant …” „… will classify the products ex officio based on the indication of products and the representation of the …”

Conditions with which applications must comply S. 327-345

„… applicant; (c) a representation of the design suitable for reproduction. However, if the object of the …” „… accordance with Article 50, the representation of the design may be replaced by a specimen. 2. The …” „… description explaining the representation or the specimen; (b) a request for deferment of publication of the …”

Annex 4 GUIDELINES FOR EXAMINATION IN THE OFFICE FOR HARMONIZATION IN THE INTERNAL MARKET (TRADE MARKS AND DESIGNS) ON REGISTERED COMMUNITY DESIGNS S. 912-964

„… application 2.5. Representation of the applicant 2.5.1. When is representation mandatory? 2.5.2. Who may …” „… . Information identifying the applicant 3.3. Representation of the design suitable for reproduction 3.3.1 …” „… . Languages 12.2.2.4. Professional representation 12.2.2.5. Renunciation and limitation 12.2.2.6. Grant of …”

Filing and forwarding of applications S. 322-327

„… of mandatory representation5 it is nevertheless recommendable to appoint the representative already …” „… representations do not need to be scanned by OHIM. Another advantage for the applicant is that, immediately after …” „… quality as regards the representation, it is – even though not mandatory – highly recommendable to send a …”

Index S. 1022-1041

„… – details on the applicant 36 46 – format of the representation 36 35 – general application strategy 36 22 …” „… . – indication of second language 36 47 – mandatory requirements as to representation 36 21 et seq. – number of …” „… seq. – ‘informed user’ 6 8 et seq. – interpretation of the representation 6 38 et seq. – logos and …”

Individual character S. 101-140

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3. Identification of the Community design – Interpretation of the representation …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 dd) Degree of abstraction of the representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 ee …” „… (representation of the design, see above mn. 13) a general trend favouring small, flat, rectangular devices, the …”

Annex 5 GUIDELINES FOR EXAMINATION IN THE OFFICE FOR HARMONIZATION IN THE INTERNAL MARKET (TRADE MARKS AND DESIGNS) ON REGISTERED COMMUNITY DESIGNS S. 964-993

„… . Representation of the application 3.6.1. When representation is mandatory 3.6.2. Who may represent 3.7 …” „… . Representation of the application 3.6.1. When representation is mandatory As a matter of principle, the rules …” „… governing representation in Community trade mark proceedings apply mutatis mutandis to invalidity …”

Deferment of publication S. 379-385

„… classification 54 Indication of the product(s) Examination of Applications 55 Representation of the design 57 …” „… Community design shall be registered, but neither the representation of the design nor any file relating to …” „… Office a representation of the design. If the right holder fails to comply with these requirements, the …”

Registration S. 376-377

„… applicant responds by amending the representation of the design, then such amendment will be acceptable …” „… provided that ‘the identity of the design is maintained’1. It follows that an amended RCD representation …” „… representative’s details; the representation of the design; the indication of the products and their class numbers …”

a Application of provisions S. 615-623

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4. Representation of the applicant …” „… representation, the fees and the deferment of publication. 1. Entitlement to file 12Basically, there are no …” „… ). – The representation of a RCD is limited to seven different views (Art. 4 (2) CDIR), whereas there is no …”

Novelty S. 90-101

„… representations of (virtually) the same design is shown in a line drawing and the other one in a photograph, the …” „… registered designs, the specific features and the subject matter of the design ensue from the representations …” „… designs, the register documents have to be resorted to. If parts of a product shown in a representation of …”

Publication S. 377-379

„… association will be recorded; 5. The representation of the design; 6. An indication of the products by their …” „… mention that the representation of the design contains a verbal element. 2 The RCD Examination Guidelines …” „… ) Examination of Applications 55 Representation of the design 57 Indication that a description was filed 72 …”

Examination as to formal requirements for filing S. 370-372

„… dimensional design where deferment is requested)1. 3 The representation of the design must consist of a …” „… . Drawings, photographs (except slides), computer-made representations or any other graphic representations …” „… it was held that there must be no element in the representation that casts doubt on what is being …”

Annex 2 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2245/2002 (Implementing Regulation) S. 873-906

„… 12.03.2015 21:33:30 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm (c) a representation of the design in …” „… single description per design not exceeding 100 words explaining the representation of the design or the …” „… representation of the design in accordance with Article 4 and the indication of the product in which the design …”

Grounds for non-registrability S. 375-376

„… the representation of the design, or, (2) to submit observations within two months of the examiner’s …” „… applicant. 4If the applicant responds by amending the representation of the design, then such amendment will …” „… RCD representation will only be acceptable where the amended or disclaimed features are so …”

Definitions S. 49-80

„… design. This does not exclude that the graphical representation of music notes or musical compositions …” „… , especially when the graphical representation is submitted in black and white. Line drawings are rightly said …” „… the colours form part of the design, by either submitting the representation in black and white or in …”

Application for a declaration of invalidity S. 392-400

„… . Locus standi and representation …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3. Representation …” „… . II. Locus standi and representation 1. Any natural or legal person 15Although the basic position is …”

Remediable deficiencies S. 372-375

„… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm – The description explaining the representation or specimen of the …” „… version of the representation, such corrections will only give rise to a deficiency if they raise the …” „… professional representation and will also include the payment of fees foreseen in any of the aforementioned …”

Lithuania S. 774-785

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2. Representation costs …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 IV. Representation …” „… ) representation costs; (3) translation costs; (4) costs paid for an expertise and/or to the witnesses; (5) other …”

Exchange of publications S. 479-480

„… under Art. 76 (2), but it extends to even greater lengths2. Section 4 Representation Article 77 General …” „… principles of representation 1. Subject to paragraph 2, no person shall be compelled to be represented before …” „… and CD systems. General principles of representation Art. 77 CDR Steffen Hagen 457 …”

Periodical publications S. 471-474

„… contents of such publication including, i.a., details of the applicant, representations of the design and …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm CDIR). Neither, the representation and/or any particulars relating …” „… , representations and particulars that were withheld from publication (Art. 16 CDIR). III. Vademecum to the …”

Examination of the application S. 400-413

„… (4) CDIR). 69 Where the costs are limited to representation costs and the application fee, the …” „… if the applicant wins. – As regards representation costs, the recoverable amount is limited to EUR …” „… representation ceased. This is without prejudice to the need to appoint a professional representative where it is …”

Latvia S. 766-774

„… legal representation in the proceedings. The law provides for certain limits12 in relation to …” „… reimbursement of the amount of costs for legal representation, but official fees and costs related to gathering …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2. Representation costs …”

Rights in rem on a registered Community design S. 278-288

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3. Representation …” „… treatment of the request for registration of the right in rem.29 3. Representation 23The general rules apply …” „… as to the representation of the parties before the Office, i. e. Artt. 77 and 78.30 4. Form and …”

Date of filing S. 348-350

„… identifying the applicant as well as (iii) a representation of the design suitable for reproduction, or …” „… – alternatively to the representation and where applicable – a specimen.3 3 An exception of this general rule …”

Croatia S. 678-686

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Representations …” „… to court proceedings. 3. Representations 4 The scope of tasks, conditions, rights and obligations of …” „… professional industrial property agents is laid down in the Act on Representation in the Area of Industrial …”

Annex 3 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2246/2002 (Fees Regulation) S. 906-912

„… application 2.5. Representation of the applicant 2.5.1. When is representation mandatory? 2.5.2. Who may …” „… . Information identifying the applicant 3.3. Representation of the design suitable for reproduction 3.3.1 …”

Levy of execution S. 288-294

„… State’s court or other authority.28 As concerns the representation before the Office, the general rules …” „… person who submits the application, proof of the levy of execution and representation, correspond to the …” „… modification of the registration of a levy of execution and the representation requirement, the above remarks …”

Surrender S. 385-392

„… ) in the case of a partial surrender a representation of the amended design. 8The declaration of …” „… . Locus standi and representation …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3. Representation …”

f Invalidation of the effects of an international registration S. 626-630

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Professional representation …” „… or accepted. 4. Professional representation 11Holders of IRs with an EU designation with no …”

United Kingdom S. 857-866

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 C. Specific remarks – False representation …” „… of individual cases. C. Specific remarks – False representation 36In the UK, it is a criminal offence …” „… Property Enterprise Court C. Specific remarks – False representation United Kingdom Tom Scourfield 841 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-23

„… ........................................................................................... 456 Section 4 Representation …” „… .......................................................................................................... 457 Article 77 General principles of representation …” „… .......................................................................... 457 Article 78 Professional representation …”

e Refusal S. 626

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Professional representation …”

d Effects of international registration designating the European Community S. 625-626

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Professional representation …”

Enforcement of decisions fixing the amount of costs S. 467-468

„… ‘credibility’ of the costs, the Office will simply accept a written assurance that representation costs have …”

Slovenia S. 836-846

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Representations …” „… Slovenian courts. 4. Representations 6 The scope of tasks, conditions, rights and obligations of …”

Annex 6 GUIDELINES FOR EXAMINATION IN THE OFFICE FOR HARMONIZATION IN THE INTERNAL MARKET (TRADE MARKS AND DESIGNS) ON REGISTERED COMMUNITY DESIGNS S. 993-1002

„… of principle, since the representation of a Community design may not be altered after the filing of …” „… is not accepted. Other changes that do not alter the representation of the Community design itself …”

Insolvency proceedings S. 294-302

„… registration of a levy of execution and the representation requirement, the above remarks apply mutatis …” „… and the representation requirement, the above remarks apply mutatis mutandis.49 34A request from a …”

Termination of financial obligations S. 463-465

„… : – The right of defence (including the right to be heard and the right to legal representation); – Legal …”

Boards of Appeal S. 613-615

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4. Representation of the applicant …”

Implementing regulation S. 630-632

„… CJ). The spectrum ranges from appeals, (the rare) oral proceedings, notification and representation …”

Classification S. 350-352

„… classification may be considered for the interpretation of the representation.4 II. General principles regarding …”

Reference to general principles S. 461-463

„… defence (including the right to be heard and the right to legal representation); – Legal certainty …”

Apportionment of costs S. 465-467

„… that representation costs have been incurred. 10 Theoretically, since an award of costs forms part of …”

Transfer of the registered Community design S. 268-278

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 VI. Representation …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm VI. Representation 55The application for the recordal of transfer …”

Register of Community designs S. 468-471

„… but the representation of the design, or the indication of the products to which it will be applied …”

Sweden S. 852-857

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 C. Specific remarks – False representation …”

Table of cases S. 1002-1022

„… – consistency of views 36 29 – details on the applicant 36 46 – format of the representation 36 35 – general …” „… products 36 39 et seq. – indication of second language 36 47 – mandatory requirements as to representation …”

Bulgaria S. 671-678

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Representations …”

Grounds for invalidity S. 244-259

„… representations of the nature. With respect to the latter case, it should be noted that there would be no ‘product …” „… Rappers’ aka ‘Representation of a circular promotional item’ or ‘Pogs’) [2011]. Grounds for invalidity Art …”

Designs contrary to public policy or morality S. 169-174

„… representation, for it to be considered contrary to public order/morality and not of the way the design might be …”

The Netherlands S. 798-806

„… a notice of representation, upon which the defendant will be granted a standard term (that may be …”

Restitutio in integrum S. 454-461

„… from the rules of representation that what matters with regard to OHIM are the communications and …”

Slovakia S. 828-836

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Representations …”

Germany S. 726-735

„… representation in court is mandatory, § 78 para. 1 ZPO. 16As noted above, the right holder may initiate court …”

Poland S. 806-815

„… representation, it happens relatively often that the case is settled at the stage of pre-action. In case it comes …”

Disclosure S. 140-148

„… , photo or other form of visual representation of the prior design. Description in words of prior designs …”

Designs dictated by their technical function and designs of interconnections S. 148-169

„… the graphical representation (and the description) sufficed to consider the implicit assessment of the …” „… representation, for it to be considered contrary to public order/morality and not of the way the design might be …”

Parallel actions on the basis of Community designs and national design rights S. 567-577

„… covered (e. g. professional representation, translation, travel) and the question whether each party bears …”

Rights of prior use in respect of a registered Community design S. 229-239

„… case. In the event of joint power of representation, the respective national system of law applicable …”

Licensing S. 302-315

„… and the representation requirement, the above remarks apply mutatis mutandis.49 34A request from a …”

Relationship to other forms of protection under national law S. 577-602

„… protection between three-dimensional shapes, two-dimensional shapes or two-dimensional representations of …”

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